DE1600874A1 - High-density, pressure-controlled reducing valve for stabilizing spacecraft and ballistic missiles - Google Patents

Description

ballietlsoiien Rakotaa

The invention relates to a high density air valve stxr Stabil! SiQruag from E
stic Eaket © n _o

g © rQg © ltQ £ D Qzi isaa balli

As is known, such l*lia.gkörp@r by Aiisst © © be won ssQa asströmen from SchubdüsQn stabilized _g and DI® AiiüütoBdauer the G-asströne determined dia B © ^ © ®§ixagsgröss smr Erzeugiaag the Stabilisierungsiiapulseg and graas ¹ amsgehead VOA eiaam on druolr Entry to the Düaeap Ä.®? ontwed®? relatively ÜDigebimgsdruek öder ralstiv ge ®ia © ia festnn is defined. So vjird for © ia © ballistisohe G-asdruek on the UmimgEsdrmsk "beaogeng uad f te © in @ an artificial Sat @ litten © dor a Eaujafstase-ag weä äiesar on the Valcrana gnts ^ reoliesiden Di ^ aek! Fell

008814/1111

Letter of ί6 · 6 · β? giafö ^ S? pHn§. 6th

to the German Pateatamtp Eüaefeem

Is sahlreishe ¥ oi? 2? Ieö, tiaiagen sbe Esöusioren usd are known to regulate a gas pressure. Ktoez im ^ "© rliegeaden trap, where small amounts (Oj ₁ Z g / s or v; © nig © r) are taken and a Torliältais H0efea.r12.ob sii Sliis & Qr-elr & uJs in the order of 100 present _} feömiea di © ü © Vorrisiitiingen only under Difficulty siolisrstelleB. ^ that the © relative or absolute loaderiiag öss Aiisgaagcdx-tiefeos less alfa 1/1000 of the change de-s speiaeaasn liagai'igsdriiokes ^ even if the egg transition pressure, S ₀ Bo as a result of & @ τ Cfesantiiairsie from the Hociidruolr / orr-atsDeMilterg au ssiiaken eegiant ©

The invention has thus sii® ZIeI ₃ aazugebon a dmokgsregeltes reducing ^ corresponding to the © figs conditions and also EIA @ Oehr grosa® tightness has "which allows a relative or absolute constant reduced Bruek upright except hold at any sampling, seifest if si © zero is"

The invention is based on a design that essentially has a high pressure chamber © or a storage container with high pressure (P-), a Nisderdruckkammer with the reduced, regulated pressure (Pp) _{s a} reference pressure chamber with the ambient pressure or a fixed _{reference pressure (P 4} J and an outlet chamber old asu AtislaSdimck (Pa), which occurs at overpressure ia the liederdrackkaniiasr. the inventive draßkger-sgalte reducing valve is essentially characterized auTQh EIA first valve rad between the Hoshdruokk & M®®r the liederar-askkafflmer is arranged and whose Sslaliessiüig under simultaneous action of the feeding H @@ hdru @ kQ @ «aaä eiaes elastic organ takes place, by a SFieit®a _s between the low pressure chamber and the AualaSkaraaier®3 valve, whose closing under the action of the reduced.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

0098U / 1111

Pressure (Pp) takes place in a movable plate, which is connected to the base plate in the hedging valve housing via elastic membranes, which separates the low-pressure chamber from the air-pressure chamber and the reference pressure chamber Valve carries _g 'while © in between this movable plate iaad.d © r Sockelplatt® a arranged alastisekea organ works against the reduced pressure (P2) acting on the moving plate, and finally an intermediate piece as aiecaaniselie connection of the two valves »

Further characteristics of the pressure control according to the invention ten Eeiuziervantiles are

an adjustable _f with ctem Q-®liäuse des Eeduzierrentiles Yerbundsner firm Anscliiag sur determination of the opening transverse oil mean de © second Yßntiles and seia® © opening gap points © in ent®preob.//ai@r Eiohtiaiig imd Bewegungsliofeesi

fixed stop © § di © äio B®WQgG & §®ii dos lers in both Riohtim.g © a on a fsstgQiQgtQSi iioi

Tentil® with a free ball ₉ di © gea. Qinen seat rests »^ 9 © * θ®χ means T © rges © lasii säind _s di © bsiii open the valve a progs'essiveis Afeliefesn the ball -worn. iMrem Sitas sicnerstellsas ύ, Λο eiia, © _1? lattern®igung od @ r da © Auftre- = tan vom Seiilägea

The components ä @ s E © dmslQ ^ ¥ © atils are gweefcsäßjsig Iroasentriseli sa eiaQf Hamptocskee oageos ^ iaetg läsge ter tie BefiegiMaigsa des ¹ foatilG t ^ ifi dos? sit ümqe. Orgaae

A shut-off and opening device, e.g. a valve, can connect the reference pressure chamber with the surrounding atmosphere associate.

The outlet chamber is connected to a T-shaped exhaust nozzle, the external shear effects that occur when this chamber is working.

Guide, sealing and fastening elements are of the usual type.

The invention also comprises a device for feeding stabilization nozzles of a ballistic Rocket or a spacecraft such as a satellite, with at least one pressure-regulated reducing valve according to the invention.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a general one Embodiment and a preferred modification of the pressure-regulated reducing valve according to the invention based on the drawing; in this shows:

1 shows a simplified diagram of a device for feeding stabilization nozzles of a missile, like an artificial satellite, with the reducing valve according to the invention;

Fig. 2 schematically shows the arrangement of the essential organs of the reducing valve to illustrate the general working principle;

3 schematically shows two valves of the reducing valve according to Fig. 2 in three different control positions)

0 0 98U / 1111

Fig. 6 in longitudinal section through, the vertical axis XX ^f a preferred embodiment of the reducing valve?

7 is a more detailed illustration of FIG Fig. 6.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, the general operating principle of a pressure-regulated system according to the invention will first be described Described reducing valve, which corresponds to the essential problems occurring in practice.

It is a system with four different chambers in which the pressures P ₁ , P ₂ , P * and P prevail; the chambers are designated according to these pressures. Here P. is the high pressure feeding the reducing valve, P _{2 is} the reduced pressure, measured absolutely or relative to a variable or unchangeable reference pressure P ,, and Ρ · ζ is the discharge pressure for the in the chamber Pp prevailing overpressure · In Fig. 2 a pressure-regulated reducing valve 1 provided with these four chambers is shown, which also has the following elements:

a first valve, here by a freely moving ball ν. on its seat d ₁ is formed, it gepreßtwird against by the across the entrance opening O ₁ applied high pressure P ₁ and by means of a spring represented by R ₁ elastic organ. This valve is arranged between the high pressure _{chamber P 1} and the low _{pressure chamber P 2}

a second ball valve (v ₂ , ^d 2-) '^ ^{as is analogous to the} Vejntil (V ₁ , d ₁ } and that between the low-pressure or

OQ98 U / 111

Reduction _{pressure chamber P 2} and the chamber P ^ is arranged for the outlet of the excess pressure a P ₂ and its closure takes place under the action of the reduced pressure P ₂ ;

an intermediate piece e as a mechanical connection between the two valves.

A movable plate 21 is connected to the bottom part 3 of the reducing valve _{via elastic membranes m 1} , m _2. This plate and the membrane separate the chambers P ₂ , P., and P. from each other.

Fixed stops b ^, b ₂ and b ~ allow the definition of the opening cross-section C ₂ and the opening and closing points of the second valve (v ₂ , dg) as well as the limitation of the corresponding movements of the movable plate 21 between two end positions «

Openings O ₂ , o ,, o, make it possible, depending on the case, to connect the reducing pressure chamber P ₂ with the working elements connected to the reducing valve and, furthermore, the outlet ducts P ^ ₅ and possibly the reference pressure chamber P with the surrounding atmosphere.

In Fig. 2 the convention for the positive sense of the forces F ₁ , F ₂ , P, is given, the force F ₁ acts on the valve (V ₁ , d ₁ ) and the forces F ₂ and F ^ act on the Valve (Vg, d ₂ ).

The four possible main cases of operation of such a pressure-regulated reducing valve are »

009814/1111

16008? *

Pail 1s The opening ο ^ (P ₄ ) is open; O ₂ (P ₂ ) closed »the reduced pressure P ₂ is then a relative pressure f the reducing valve 1 works without extraction from the chamber P ₂ (static operation) %

Pail 2: the opening ο ^ (P.) is open; O ₂ (P ₂ ) is open: the reduced pressure P ₂ is a relative pressure; the reducing valve 1 works in dynamic mode (extraction from chamber P ₂ ) |

Case 3i o. (P4) is closed; O ₂ (P ₂ ) is closed? the reduced pressure Pg is an absolute pressure; the reducing valve works without removal from chamber P ₂ , ie in static operation;

Case 4t ο. (Ρ *) is closed; O ₂ (P ₂ ) is open: the reduced pressure Pp is an absolute pressure} the reducing valve works in dynamic mode (extraction from chamber P ₂ ).

In all cases it is assumed that the opening o, (P-) remains open continuously in order to be able _{to let out the excess pressure coming from the chamber P 2.}

An analysis of these four working cases shows that in the case of the static or reduced pressure P ₂ must be regulated in relation to the variable pressure P *; in the second case, the reduced total pressure P ₂ must be maintained in relation to the pressure P, which in addition can still be variable; in case 3 the static pressure P ₂ in relation to the absolute pressure P. and in case 4 in the same way the total pressure P ₂ ⁱⁿ relation to the absolute pressure P. must be maintained.

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· In Figure 2 is provided with Ep ^e: * - ⁿ denotes elastic means or a spring which serves to counteract the pressure _P2. Such a means is particularly necessary when the chamber P ^ is in connection with a partial or complete vacuum "

Show the static equations describing the operation of the system formed by the reducing valve the following:

In all cases where the pressure P is to be for example regulated ₂ relative to the pressure P, which in turn may be variable, the reference pressure automatically compensating changes Λ C., Λ C for random or non-random changes _2, the opening cross sections of the two valves of the Reducing valve 1 generated »

So occurs in the case of one with + Δ 1 ?. designated increase in pressure P. an increase + Λ C _{1 of} the opening area of the valve (v.,, d ..), while the valve (v ₂ , dg) remains closed, so C ₂ = 0. This creates a continuous increase in the pressure P ₂ by enlarging the opening cross section C ₁ with a supply of highly pressurized medium, d _e h · a change + Δ l? 2t, the delay balance in accordance with the relationship + 4P, = + 4Ρρ restoring.

In the opposite case, if, for example, a decrease in the pressure P. occurs, the valve (V ₁ , d ^) _{remains closed (C 1} = 0), while an opening of the valve (v ₂ , d ₂ ) increases + Λ C ₂ of the opening cross-section generated, from which a reduction -> άΡρ of the reduced pressure P ₂ takes place in such a way that the equilibrium is

0 0 9 8 14/1111

speaking of the relation - Δ. P ₄ = - Δ P _{2 is} restored; through the opening + Δ C ₂ an outlet pressure is generated which allows the excess pressure +. * ä P ₂ to be discharged.

If, by chance, a leak occurs between the high pressure chamber P ₁ and the low pressure chamber or reducing pressure chamber P ₂ , which would e.g. generate a pressure increase + * d P ₂ , then the reducing valve also responds with an increase + Λ C _{2 of} the opening area of the valve (v ₂ , d ₂ ), which produces a decrease - Λ P _{2 of} the low pressure and consequently an outlet pressure P ₃ «,

If the pressure P. is invariable (chamber P ₄ closed or e.g. in connection with the space vacuum), the reducing valve generates analogous changes Λ G ₁ and Λ C _{2 of} the opening cross-sections Cj and C _{2 of} the two valves with the corresponding sign that the pressure P _{2 is returned} to its selected initial value «

The results shown above result from the equilibrium of the system, which is determined by the following equations " is described

-F ₁ -S- (F ₂ - F ₃ ) = 0, (1)

with F ₁ = (P ₁ - P ₂ ) S ₁ + H ₁

1 ₂ = P ₃ 3E S ₄ + P ₄ (S ₂ -S ₄ ) + R ₂

j? = ρ χ s from this follows §

1 ₃ -I ₂ = P ₂ xS ₂ - f> 3 S ₄ -fr P ₄ (S ₂ - S ₄ ) + E ₂ ] You G-lsiohussg (1) finally erases itself

- (P ₁ - F ₂ ) s S ₁ -'S ₁ + P ₃ π S ₄ + E ₂ +? ₄ (S ₂ - S ₄ )

- I ₂ S ₂ ^ 0 "(2)

160087A 10

In these equations, S * denotes the area acted upon by the pressure Pi, S. the area acted upon by the outlet pressure P, (negligible compared to the area Sp) ι S ₂ the area acted upon simultaneously by the pressures P _{2 and P. 2,} the springs of the R and R ₂ on the valve (V _1, d ₁₎ or _e on the plate 21 acting forces. From this it follows that F _{1 is} the resulting force which _{acts on the ball V 1 of} the upper valve (V ₁ , d ₁ ); Fp is the as shown in Fig. ₂ of the bottom 2 as positively selected direction on the ball valve V (v _2, d ₂₎ acting force, and F is the force acting in the negative direction force of the bottom ₂ to the ball V Valve (v ₂ , d ₂ ) acts. F, - F ₂ is consequently the resultant of the forces acting _{on the ball V 2 of} the valve (v ₂ , d ₂₎

Equation (2) represents the general equilibrium relationship of the system. Neglecting the terms with P, and S. with respect to the pressures and cross-sections P ₁ , P ₂ and S ₂ , equation (2) can be reduced to the following expression:
- (P ₁ -P ₂ ) x S ₁ - R ₁ + P ^ x S ₂ + R ₂ - P ₂ x S ₂ = O (3)

The equilibrium relation (3) now shows that, for example, for case 1 cited above, if the pressure P. a change + ^ P. suffers, with O ₂ closed, a change + Δ P ₂ immediately follows in the same direction as P _4.

If one assumes that a change + Δ P ^ occurs first, ie P. _{becomes larger than P 2} , then from the inequality P, χ S ₂ > P ₂ χ S ₂ the relation (F ₂ > F ₁ ) follows, what the supply of under the high pressure P ₁

009814/1111

The medium causes, through, an increase + 4 C «of the opening cross-section of the valve (v .., d,) and consequently a change + -4Pp, which restores the initial equilibrium. Likewise, from a reverse change - Δ P, the inequality P ₂ x S ₂ > ■ P. χ S ₂ t that means I ₂ > - F, and consequently the opening of the valve (v ₂ , ^ ₂ ), ^{which e : i} - ^ne reduction - Δ P ₂ causes the bodice pressure Pp, is restored whereby the original balance.

If, together with a change in the pressure P ^, for example as a result of a change in the barometric pressure, the pressure Pp increases with the effect of an accidental leakage at the valve (v ^, d ^), then it can also be seen from Fig. 2 that; depending on the level of the compared forces 3P ₂ ^un ^ ^ 3 * ie depending on the level of the compared pressures P ₂ and P ,, the plate 21 of the valve (v ₂ , dg) moves in such a direction that it either has an opening of the Y (V ₁ , d ₁ ) (if I ₂ s> F ^) and consequently © ine of the pressure P ₂ wxv restoration of the initial one. Causes equilibrium, or an opening of the valve (Vg » ^Ö 2 ^ ( ^if ^ 2 ^< ^ 3) and consequently a reduction in the pressure Pp ©

In main working case 2 (above and Og open % withdrawal of medium with the reduced pressure P ₉ ), the control mechanism is similar. In this case, the pressure Pg is a dynamic pressure that depends on the opening cross-section of the opening Og and on the one behind this cross-section lying elements. "

In the third main working case, where the openings Q ^ and O _{2 are} closed, if there is no leakage to the

0098U / 1111.

Valves (V ₁ , d ..) and (v ₂ , d ₂ ) assumes the reduced pressure Pp constant between two predetermined values, which correspond to the two end positions of these valves} these end positions are shown schematically in FIGS. 3 and 4, they correspond to the relationships:

I,> · F ₂ and
F ₁ ·> · F ₂ , ie
P ₂ χ S ₂ > ■ R ₂ (P ₁ - P ₂ ) χ S ₁ +

where it was assumed that P ^ χ S. and V. χ S _{2 are} negligibly small, since Q. small compared to S ₂ and P. is a negligibly small pressure _e

The fourth main working case (o, closed and o ₂ open) corresponds to the third, the reduced pressure P ₂ in this case is a dynamic pressure that depends on the opening cross-section Op and the flow cross-sections of the organs arranged behind it.

Fig. 1 shows an application example of the pressure-regulated reducing valve on a device for stabilizing an artificial satellite by gas blasts. In such a device, the gas coming from the high-pressure storage container h is passed to the stabilization nozzles t _{1 to t ^ after its expansion and pressure regulation in the reducing valve 1} , while the discharge duration of the gas flows is controlled with the aid of the solenoid valves EV 1 to EV *. On the other hand, a shut-off device Vr arranged in front of the opening o. Blocks the chamber P.

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This example had previously been evacuated) _e Likewise, the opening o, is connected to a T-shaped pipe with jt designated pipe section in order to let out the overpressure P in such a way that no angular impulses occur, as is possible with the gas ejection due to P could be"

6 and 7 show a preferred embodiment of the reducing valve shown schematically in FIG. In the left part 1A by Pig. 6 and 7 the case is shown where the chamber P. is evacuated and hermetically sealed (vV in Fig. 1 is closed), ie the case where the pressure P _{2 is} an absolute pressure, and in the right part where the chamber P. is in connection with the ambient pressure (VV in Fig. 1 open).

For better comparison, the same reference numbers have been used in FIGS. 6 and 7 as in FIGS. 2 to 5 for designation analog organs are used. The pressure-regulated reducing valve 1 in Fig. 6 and 7 has a housing 2, which is connected to a fixed base plate 3, which in turn receives an adjustable base plate 4 a plate 6 is attached. These elements are connected by screws 6a and 6b, the seal by seals 7a, 7b and 7c. The stop 35 corresponding to b3 is adjustable and can in particular by means of a mother 8 can be determined. This stop 35 is arranged along the axis XX 'of the reducing valve and has channels 9 in its upper part and tubes 10a and 10b in its lower part leading to the outlet and for discharging the medium under overpressure P. to serve. The housing 2 of the reducing valve 1 has in its upper part a high pressure valve (v ^, d ^), which consists of a free ball 11 which rests against a seat 12 rests, with a piston 13 and a spring 34 (R-j)

0098U / 1111

guide this ball and press it against its seat, while the channels 14 and 15 allow the passage of the medium _{under high pressure P 1.} Such a valve, in which the piston 13 has a bulged end face, which is always in contact with the ball 11, on which the piston rests under the action of the spring 34, has been described in German patent specification (patent application N 29629 XIl / 47g) described. With such a valve, a high level of tightness is achieved and sudden working or fluttering is suppressed.

In FIGS. 6 and 7, this upper valve is mounted by means of a flange 16 which is sealed with a seal 17 and fastened to the housing 2 with screws 18. Inside the housing 2 there is an assembly that has a base plate 19 at the bottom, which is supported against the adjustable base plate 4, on which it rests with the aid of a spherical ring 20, while a movable upper plate 21 the outlet valve (v ₂ , d ₂ ) wearing. Between the parts 21 and 19 elastic membranes 31 and 32 are arranged, which _{correspond to the membranes m .. and m 2} in FIG. The leather 33 corresponding to the spring R ₂ in FIG. 2 is used in particular to compensate for the absence or presence of only a slight pressure P. The outlet valve (v ₂ , d ₂ ) on the upper plate 21 has, analogous to the upper valve Cv ₁ , d ..) a free ball 22 which rests against a seat 23, a seal 24 serving for sealing and the guides 25 and 26 serve on the one hand for centering and on the other hand have the task of avoiding sudden working or fluttering of the ball 22, as it could otherwise occur during its movements in connection with the spring 27, the function of which is analogous to that of the spring 34 of the valve (V ₁ , dj) is.

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A plate 28 and screws 29 complete the structure of the valve (vgt dg). These inside the case arranged assembly is sealed with the help of the seal 30, while one with channels 36 to the passage of the medium with the pressure P- provided intermediate piece is arranged between the balls 11 and 12 and the Intermediate piece e in Fig. 2 to 5 corresponds. The stop bp in these figures corresponds to the one that is compressed State of the spring 33 with adjacent turns.

The preceding analysis shows that when the pressure-regulated reducing valve 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is working, the opening of the valve (v _{2 >> 2} ) takes place (in the case of an overpressure of Po) in that the plate 21 lowers and the ball 22, which rests against the stop 35, is lifted off while the valve (V ₁ , d ..) remains closed. "Conversely, the opening of the valve (V ₁ , dj), which _{is necessary for the supply of medium under high pressure P 1} , takes place by lifting the ball 11, which for this purpose has come into contact with the end of the adapter 37, as a result _{the force F 2} exerted by the spring 33 (R ₂ ), which counteracts the force F exerted by the pressure P. on the plate 21, which causes a displacement of the entirety of the organs 23 »22, 26 and 35 upwards, to the pressure P _{2 has} again been raised to its initial value. In this way, the reduced pressure P _{p is} regulated between two limit values which are limited by the positions shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, namely by the stops b ₁ and b.

A pressure-regulated reducing valve according to FIGS. 6 and 7 can, for. B. have the following values:

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R ₂ = 800 N

R _1-2 N

P ₁ * 200 bar

5 ₁ = 2 mm ²

5 ₂ «25 cm ²

One can prove that, proceeding from the equilibrium right drawing (3) »can determine the reduced pressure as follows

^P 2 =

R ₂ -R ₁ + S ₂ x P ^ - S ₁ χ P ₁ + P ₅ χ

S ₂ - S ₁

Here will

P ₂ = 3.2 bar for P. = 0 (chamber P. under vacuum).

In the case where, for example, the pressure P ₁ as a result of the withdrawal from the high-pressure reservoir increases by an amount Δ. P ₁ = 200 - 20 = 180 bar changes, the result is a change in the reduced pressure P ₂ of »

S ₁
Δ P ₉ = χ Δ P ₁ therefore

S ₂ - S ₁

Δ P ₂ »0.144 bar <10 ^-5 Δ

0098U / 11 1 1

Purely in the order of magnitude of O _? O5 -0.2 g / s withdrawal quantities of medium with the reduced pressure P2, the ball 11 of the valve (v «, d *) is raised by 0.00002-0.0007 mm relative to its seat 12. If one looks at the operation of the pressure-regulated reducing valve, one can easily see that the influence of the withdrawal rate on the reduced pressure? 2 is practically negligible, since the very small displacements of the ball 11 result in only very small extensions of the springs R ^ and R ₂ pull and consequently their compressive forces are practically not influenced.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 has the following in particular Benefits

the frictional forces are reduced, in particular with regard to the mechanical connection of the base 19 with the base plate 4j

Thanks to the use of special valves with free balls 22 and 11, a very short response time is achieved ^

As a result of the concentric arrangement of the components of the reducing ^{valve around the axis XX 1} , the method of operation, manufacture and assembly is simple

the reducing valve has a® high tightness that The number of seals is small and the use of sealing soldering is possible}

with the help of the adjustable stop 35 and the adjustable Base plate 4 is an easy adjustment of the control range and the setpoint for the dosed Pressure P «

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thanks to the aciiiclitweiaen construction it is easy to assemble of all organs possible.

In the context of the invention, numerous modifications are possible depending on the particular application.

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Claims (7)

Letter dated June 16, 67 ^sheet V9 Dlpl.-lng. G. Schlleb * to the German Patent Office, Munich Patent Attorney Claims High-density, pressure-regulated reducing valve, specifically for the stabilization of spacecraft or ballistic missiles, with a high-pressure chamber or a storage container with high pressure (P ₁ ), a low-pressure chamber with the reduced, regulated pressure (P ₂ ) t a reference pressure chamber with the ambient pressure or a fixed one Reference pressure (P ^) and an outlet chamber with the outlet pressure (Pj) f which occurs when there is overpressure in the low-pressure chamber, characterized by a first valve (V _{1 ) arranged between the high-pressure chamber (P 1} ) and the low-pressure _{chamber (P 2} ). ,) takes place its closing under the simultaneous action of the feeding end of the high pressure (P ₁₎ and an elastic member (R _{1) s} by a second, between the low pressure chamber (P ₂₎ and the Auslai3kammer (P,) arranged valve (v _2, d ₂ ), which closes under the action of the reduced pressure (P ₂ ), as well as by a movable plate (21), which is operated by elastic membranes (m ₁ , m ₂ ) is connected to a base plate (19) in the reducing valve housing (2), separates the low-pressure _{chamber (P 2} ) from the outlet chamber (P,) and the reference pressure chamber (P.) and carries the second valve, while an elastic member (33) arranged between the movable plate and the base plate works against the reduced pressure (P ₂ ) acting on the movable plate, and finally through an intermediate piece (e) as a mechanical connection between the two valves. 0098U / 111 1 2. Reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized by an adjustable fixed stop (b.,) For determination of the opening cross-section of the second valve (vpi dp) and its opening point in corresponding Direction and relative to the movable plate (21) » 3. Reducing valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by fixed stops (b-, b ₂ ) which limit the movements of the movable plate (21) in both directions to a fixed game. 4 · Reducing valve according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that the valves have a free ball (vj » ^v ₂ ) which rests against a seat (d ^, d ₂ ), means being provided which, when the valve opens Ensure progressive lifting of the ball from its seat without flapping or the occurrence of hitting. 5. Reducing valve according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that its components are arranged concentrically to a main axis (XX ¹ ), along which the movements of the valves and the organs connected to them take place _e 6. reducing valve according to claim 1 and following, characterized by a shut-off and opening device, ζ.Β, a valve (v ^) that connects the reference pressure chamber (P ^) connects with the surrounding atmosphere. 7. reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet chamber (P-z) with a T-shaped exhaust nozzle is connected, which cancels the impulse effects that occur when this chamber is working. 0098U / 1111