DE1575005C

DE1575005C - Split gear in planetary design

Info

Publication number: DE1575005C
Authority: DE
Inventors: H. Dipl.-Ing.; Heidrich Günther; 8000 München Barwig

Description

1 21 2

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verzweigungsgetriebe in laufende Zentralrad ausreichend elastisch abzustützen Planetenbauweise mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ab- ■■ ,.vermag. ■/;;■ .■·■■.. ■/, ■ '■■£. ■< 'V':^.. ;;:■-^;: :■-/The invention relates to a split gear in a running central wheel to be sufficiently elastically supported planetary design with a device for ab- ■■,. ■ / ;; ■ . ■ · ■■ .. ■ /, ■ '■■ £. ■ <'V': ^ .. ;;: ■ - ^; :: ■ - /

Stützung des ungelagerten, gelenkig oder elastisch mit Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch ge-Support of the unsupported, articulated or elastic with The object is thereby achieved according to the invention

dem sein Drehmoment aufnehmenden Teil verbun- löst, daß das Stützglied in Abhängigkeit von demthe part absorbing its torque connected solves that the support member depending on the

denen, umlaufenden äußeren Zentralrades, das von 5 Drehmoment anheb- und absenkbar ist und einethose, revolving outer central wheel, which can be raised and lowered by 5 torque and one

wenigstens einem Stützglied der am Getriebegehäuse Rolle aufweist. Die Rolle stellt sicher, daß das äußerehas at least one support member on the gear housing role. The role ensures that the outer

gelagerten Abstützvorrichtung elastisch unterstützt ist. umlaufende Zentralrad nicht nur im Stillstand, son-supported support device is elastically supported. revolving central gear not only at a standstill, but

Bei Verzweigungsgetrieben in Planetenbauweise ist dem auch bei anfahrender Maschine elastisch abzur Verwirklichung des selbsttätigen Lastausgleichs gestützt wird, ohne daß die Reibungsverluste oder die das äußere Zentralrad ungelagert und gelenkig oder io Geräuschbildung unerträglich hoch werden. Andererelastisch mit dem sein Drehmoment aufnehmenden seits wird durch das Merkmal, daß das Stützglied in Teil derart verbunden, daß das Zentralrad radiale Abhängigkeit von dem Drehmoment anheb- und ab-Einstellbewegungen ausführen kann. Bei der Dreh- senkbar ist, erreicht, daß das äußere umlaufende momentenübertragung erfolgt die radiale Einstellung Zentralrad ausschließlich bei nicht ausreichendem bzw. Zentrierung des äußeren Zentralrades unter der 15 Drehmoment abgestützt wird: Sobald das Dreh-Wirkung der aus der Drehmomentenübertragung moment und damit die Drehzahl einen genügend resultierenden radialen Zahnkräfte. Da beim Anfah- großen Wert erreicht haben, wird die Einwirkung des ren solcher Getriebe und vielfach auch im Teillast- Stützgliedes auf das äußere umlaufende Zentralrad bereich die auftretenden radialen Zahnkräfte wegen beendet. Da sich unter diesen Umständen in den vorder kleinen zu übertragenden Drehmomente nicht 20 wiegend bedeutsamen Betriebsbereichen das Stützausreichen, das äußere Zentralrad in eine zentrische glied der Abstützvorrichtung nicht mit dem Zentral-Stellung zur Getriebeachse anzuheben oder es in rad in Berührung befindet, sind die den Getriebedieser zentrischen Stellung zu halten, treten bei diesen wirkungsgrad verschlechternden und die Geräusch-Betriebszuständen ungünstige Zahneingriffsverhält- entwicklung begünstigenden Einflüsse ausgeschaltet, nisse zwischen den Verzahnungen des äußeren Zen- 25 Es ist andererseits bekannt (deutsche Patentschrift tralrades und den Planetenrädern auf, die zu un- 506 592), zwecks Verhütung der Riefenbildung in ruhigem Getriebelauf, großer Geräuschentwicklung Wälzlagern stillstehender Maschinen die Tragteile des und erhöhtem Verschleiß an den Verzahnungen füh- Lagers durch Anheben des umlaufenden Teils zu entren können. Dabei wirkt sich insbesondere bei größe- lasten oder den umlaufenden Teil an dem Lagerteil ren Planetengetrieben das dort beachtliche Gewicht 30 festzuklemmen. Diese Entlastung kann hier auch mit des äußeren Zentralrades einschließlich der sich Hilfe einer hydraulisch betätigten Abstützvorrichtung auf diesem abstützenden Teile besonders nachteilig erfolgen, bei der beispielsweise unter Zwischenschalaus. rung von Rollen ein mit dem Tragteil des Lagers starrIn the case of split gear units in planetary design, this must also be elastically dismantled when the machine starts up Realization of the automatic load balancing is supported without the friction losses or the the outer central wheel is unsupported and articulated or the noise becomes unbearably high. Other elastic with its torque-absorbing hand is through the feature that the support member in Part connected in such a way that the central wheel increases and decreases radial adjustment movements as a function of the torque can perform. With the rotary lowering it is achieved that the outer circumferential torque transmission takes place, the radial adjustment of the central gear takes place only when insufficient or centering of the outer central wheel under the 15 torque is supported: As soon as the turning effect the torque from the torque transmission and thus the speed is sufficient resulting radial tooth forces. Since when starting have reached a large value, the action of the Ren such gear and often in the part-load support member on the outer rotating central gear area due to the occurring radial tooth forces ended. Since under these circumstances in the front Small torques to be transmitted are not sufficient to support 20 predominantly significant operating areas, the outer central wheel in a central member of the support device not with the central position to lift the gear axis or it is in contact with the gear, these are the gear units of this To keep the central position, this deterioration in efficiency and the noise operating states occur unfavorable tooth mesh ratio development favorable influences eliminated, nisse between the teeth of the outer center 25 On the other hand, it is known (German patent tralrades and the planetary gears, which lead to un- 506 592), in order to prevent scoring in smooth running of the gear unit, great noise development, rolling bearings of stationary machines, the supporting parts of the and increased wear on the toothings lead to escape bearing by lifting the rotating part be able. This is particularly effective in the case of large loads or the circumferential part on the bearing part Ren planetary gears to clamp the considerable weight 30 there. This relief can also be used here the outer central wheel including the help of a hydraulically operated support device take place on this supporting parts particularly disadvantageous, for example under the intermediate formwork. tion of roles a rigid with the supporting part of the camp

Zur Vermeidung dieser durch das Eigengewicht des verbundener Wellenflansch sich auf dem Stützglied äußeren Zentralrades bedingten ungünstigen Zahnein- 35 der Abstützvorrichtung abstützt. Bei dieser bekannten griffsverhältnisse ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, das Vorrichtung soll zwar auch die schädliche Wirkung äußere Zentralrad mit einer sein Eigengewicht ganz des Eigengewichts eines umlaufenden Maschinenteils oder teilweise aufnehmenden Abstützvorrichtung ab- mit Hilfe einer Abstützvorrichtung ausgeschaltet werzustützen. Bei einem bekannten Planetengetriebe mit den. Diese bekannte Vorrichtung enthält aber nicht feststehendem äußerem Zentralrad ist zu diesem 40 das für die vorliegende Erfindung wesentliche Merk-Zweck eine auf das Zentralradeigengewicht ab- mal, daß es gerade auch auf eine Abstützung des umgestimmte, das Zentralrad untergreifende Druckfeder ■ laufenden äußeren Zentralrades in Teillastbereichen vorgesehen, die sich am Gehäuseboden abstützt. Diese der Maschine bzw. des Getriebes ankommt,
bekannte Abstützvorrichtung ist jedoch zur Zentral- Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Stützglied mechanisch, radäbstützung bei Verzweigungsgetrieben in Planeten- 45 hydraulisch oder pneumatisch betätigbar,
bauweise, deren äußeres Zentralrad umläuft, nicht Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfingeeignet. Es ist zwar schon versucht worden, die Ab- dung steht das Stützglied über einen Kolben mit dem Stützung umlaufender Zentralräder mittels einer ela- Schmierkreislauf in Verbindung. Auf diese Weise stisch, z. B. durch Federn gelagerten Rolle, die beim wird ohne zusätzliche Mittel das Merkmal der Erfin-Umlauf des Zentralrades auf einer am Außenumfang .50 dung erfüllt, daß das Stützglied in Abhängigkeit von des Zentralrades befindlichen Führungsbahn abrollt, dem Drehmoment anheb- und absenkbar ist.
herbeizuführen, aber diese Versuche haben zu keiner Außerdem empfiehlt es sich, die Vorrichtung befriedigenden Lösung geführt, da hierbei während zum Betätigen des Stützgliedes zum Zweck der Abdes gesamten Betriebes die Abstützrolle mit verhält- Stützung des Zentralrades gegen einen Anschlag zu nismäßig großer Drehzahl umläuft und dadurch große 55 fahren und außer der Rückholfeder eine zweite Feder Lagerreibungsverluste auftreten, die zu einer erheb- zur elastischen Abstützung des Stützgliedes vorzulichen Verschlechterung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades sehen.In order to avoid these unfavorable teeth in the support device caused by the dead weight of the connected shaft flange being supported on the support member of the outer central wheel. In this known grip ratio, it has already been proposed that the device should also support the harmful effect of the outer central wheel with a supporting device that is entirely the weight of a rotating machine part or partially absorbing its own weight - with the help of a supporting device. In a known planetary gear with the. However, this known device does not contain a fixed outer central wheel. The main purpose of the present invention is to focus on the central wheel's own weight, so that it also relies on a support for the retuned compression spring, which engages under the central wheel, in partial load ranges provided, which is supported on the housing base. This arrives at the machine or the gearbox,
known support device is, however, for the central purpose, the support member is mechanically, wheel support in split gears in planetary 45 hydraulically or pneumatically actuated,
construction, the outer central wheel revolves, not suitable for a preferred embodiment of the invention. Attempts have already been made, the support is connected to the support member via a piston with the support of revolving central gears by means of an ela lubrication circuit. In this way stically, z. B. by springs mounted role, which is without additional funds the feature of the inven-tion of the central wheel on an outer circumference .50 meets that the support member rolls depending on the central wheel located guide track, the torque can be raised and lowered.
to bring about, but these attempts did not lead to any. In addition, it is advisable to use the device as a satisfactory solution, since during this operation the support roller with the support of the central wheel against a stop revolves at too high a speed and thus during the actuation of the support member for the purpose of the entire operation large 55 drive and apart from the return spring, a second spring bearing friction losses occur, which lead to a considerable deterioration in the overall efficiency in order to provide elastic support for the support member.

des Getriebes führen. Außerdem traten bei Planeten- Im folgenden soll die Erfindung an Hand der inof the transmission. In addition, the invention is based on the in

getrieben mit einer derartigen Zentralradabstützung den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieledriven with such a Zentralradabstützung the drawings illustrated embodiments

mittels einer elastisch gelagerten Abstützrolle erheb- 60 näher erläutert werden,are explained in greater detail by means of an elastically mounted support roller,

liehe Getriebegeräusche auf. F i g. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein Planeten-borrowed gear noises. F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a planetary

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, für das getriebe mit umlaufendem, geteilt ausgeführtem äuße-The invention has set itself the task, for the transmission with a rotating, split executed outer-

umlaufende äußere Zentralrad eine Abstützvorrich- rem Zentralrad, das von einer hydraulisch betätig-revolving outer central wheel a support device rem central wheel, which is operated by a hydraulically

tung zu schaffen, die keinerlei nachteilige Rückwir- baren Abstützvorrichtung nach dem Vorschlag derto create a device that does not have any disadvantageous reversible support device according to the proposal of the

kungen auf das Verzweigungsgetriebe im Bereich 65 Erfindung unterstützt ist;kungen on the split gear in the area 65 invention is supported;

seiner Betriebsdrehzahl und seines Betriebsdreh- F i g. 2 zeigt im Ausschnitt die Abstützvorrichtungits operating speed and its operating speed F i g. 2 shows the support device in a cutout

moments ausübt, das aber bei stillstehendem und im für das äußere Zentralrad nach Fig. 1 mit zurück-torque exerts, but with a standstill and in the for the outer central wheel according to Fig. 1 with back-

Anfahrbereich befindlichem Getriebe das äußere um- gezogenem Stützglied;The gearbox located in the starting area, the outer pulled support member;

Claims

3 43 4

. F i g. 3 shows the planetary gear according to FIG. 1 in forwarded. For example, the pump 22 and the schematic representation with speed-dependent line 23 part of the lubricating oil supply actuation the support device. -, - - .. · ■ · ■ systems, and one the gearbox with lubricating oil

In the case of the FIG. 1 illustrated planetary gear supply line 26 with a stationary mounted planetary gears 2 and 5 valve 25 connected to it branch line can be connected with the double helical inner Zantral- via the pressure reducing valve 24 to the line 23 rad 1 as well as with the divided outer one . The central gear 3 from the line l9.be in meshing engagement. The two standing hydraulic systems for the fluid pressure medium ring gears of the outer central wheel 3 are connected to the control slide gear clutches by means of a coupling sleeve 4 via the supply of the piston 15 and are connected to one another in an articulated manner, and the clutch is set by the centrifugal governor 20 sleeve 4 is connected to the output shaft 6 via which the same can take place, from the line 23 with flow, if the coupling sleeve 5 has toothed clutches, it is supplied with pressure medium,
in an articulated connection. As long as the

In the area of the housing bottom there is a radial tooth housing engaging the gearbox 15 on the outer central wheel 7 the supporting forces carried by the housing 8 a central position of the outer central device flanged. The supporting device is not able to bring it about consists of a support member 12, which vertically supports the central wheel by the support forwardly is stored within the housing 8 and required to bear the weight of the direction carries a fork head 9 at its upper end, in 20 central wheel and the weight portion of the Kuppdem the support roller 10 by means of the bearings 11 rotatable treatment sleeves 4 and 5 to compensate. The one in operation is stored. The support member 12 is shown in its support device located in FIG. 1. Housing 8 formed guide by means of a feather key. In the transmission according to FIG. 3, the support takes place 13 secured against rotation. Below the the support of the central wheel in that the over the cone member 12 vertically displaceably receiving guide wheels 33, 34 at the speed of the outer central stanchion a centrifugal governor 20 driven by a hydraulic wheel is the control means within the housing 8 actable cylinder provided in which the slide 21 is influenced so that the piston 15 over a piston 15 is mounted so as to be vertically displaceable. The support memberl2 acts on the line 19 with flow pressure medium is hit with the piston 15 over the plate. Moved as a result of this exposure springs 14 connected to the lower portion of the 30 of the piston 15 up to its stop Enclose support member concentrically and one- and transmits its adjustment force together on a collar of the support member and on the other hand, pressing the plate spring assembly 14 onto the support member Support on the top of the piston. It also applies to 12. This corresponds to that of the disk spring assembly the support member one of its restoration in which the force exerted the weight of the to be balanced Central wheel releasing position causing rear 35 central wheel and the coupling sleeves. If in control spring 16, which is located between the underside of the case of an increase in performance on the central wheel andie vertical support member guide forming housing engaging radial forces proportional to the rotational and an increase in the number of springs arranged on the support member grow so that they are able to ring 17 extends. The piston 15 to actuate the centering of the central wheel or of the support member 12 receiving cylinder bore 40, the fluid pressure means within of the housing 8 is blocked by means of a cylinder supply to the line 19 and the line 19 ceiling 18 completed, on which a pressure oil line is connected to an outlet. As in Fig. 2 shown 19 is attached, which opens into the cylinder and is, takes place as a result of the constant application of the for supplying the support member 12 acting on the piston with a restoring force by the Pressure oil is used. 45 return spring 16 the return of the piston 15,

In the case of the in FIG. 1 is the representation shown so that the support roller 10 from the clutch piston 15 pressurized and located sleeve 5 lifts off and the outer central wheel completely free in his one border position, in which there is one. Because in the manner described above the hy-support member 12 rotatably mounted support roller 10 which via hydraulic line 19 beforehand to an outlet, e.g. the coupling sleeve provided with toothed couplings 5 50 discharge line 31, is connected, can that with the with the split central gear connected coupling lowering of the piston 15 displaced flow sleeve 4 is supported. In the illustration in FIG. 2 vacuum medium essentially without resistance If the piston 15 is not exposed to any flow pressure medium, the cylinder receiving the piston 15 is admitted, and those carried by the support member 12 flow.

The support roller 10 is located in a retracted 55 The actuation of the support device can be in

the frame of the present invention also pneumatically connected to the central wheel 3 via the coupling sleeve 4

connected coupling sleeve 5 releasing position. table or mechanically. Likewise, the loading

In the case of the FIG. 3, schematically shown, the control slide can be operated manually or with the aid

Management example is on the output shaft 6 a cone of an electromagnet or the like. wheel pair 33, 34, with which a centrifugal force 60

controller 20 is connected, which directly or claims:
Via suitable intermediate links, not shown in detail, acts on a control slide 21, which is the 1st branching gear in planetary design in the hydraulic system and for control with a device to support the flow pressure medium loading of the 65 mounted, articulated or elastic with the support member 12 elastically connected piston torque-absorbing part connected, 15 is used. The flow-revolving outer central wheel, which is driven by pressure medium from a pump 22 via line 23, is attached to the control slide 21 at least one support member of the gearbox

housing-mounted support device is elastically supported, characterized in that that the support member (12) can be raised and lowered depending on the torque and one Has roller (10).

2. Branch transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the support member (12) can be operated mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically.

3. Branch transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that the support member (12) is in communication with the lubrication circuit (19 to 26) via a piston (15) (FIG. 3).

4. branching transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that the support member (12) is connected to the piston (15) via a spring (14), the stroke of which is controlled by a stop in the Housing (8) is limited.

1 sheet of drawings