DE1563364A1 - Converter motor with Hall sensor control - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a converter motor, the In star-connected winding phases via an inverter with current gates to a direct current source or to one with Rectifiers formed DC voltage are connected, the strand ends are connected to each other in pairs via a commutation capacitor and the ignition of the Current gates are made depending on the angle of rotation with the help of Hall probes via switching transistors, one of one in the zero branch Square-wave oscillator-fed rectifier bridge lie.

A converter motor of this type has already been proposed, which has a rotary electric winding, the winding phases of which are connected in star and via "a three-phase bridge inverter from six semiconductor current motors are fed by a direct current source. Every electricity gate is here Associated with a Hall probe, the one being Hall voltages via adaptation and flip-flop stages with corresponding amplification be passed on to the switching transistors in the ignition circuit. The Hall probes are made by permanent magnets excited, which are driven by the motor shaft, so that they are cyclically penetrated by the flux and each with a halftone voltage with alternating polarity. This .. hiring device is expensive.

In accordance with the invention, in the case of a Jtromrichtermotor the initially The type of effort described can be significantly reduced in that the switching tranaiators are combined in pairs Winding strands are each assigned a Hall probe in such a way that the bases of the switching transistors assigned to one another

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are connected to each other via the Hall voltage outputs. on In this way, the number of Hall probes can be reduced by half will. The circuit is made in such a way that the emitters of the two associated switching transistors and the one control current feed line of the associated Hallaondes on the one pole of the control power supply source, while the other control power supply line is connected to the other via a resistor Pole of the control power supply source lies. Get by doing this the two transistors generate a bias current flowing through the base and emitter, which allows the threshold voltage to be overcome more easily. The transistors open when the Hall current driven by the voltage of the Hall probes is added to this bias current added with the correct sign. In this way, adaptation and tilting stages for the Hall probes are dispensed with.

On the basis of the drawing, in which several examples of execution are schematically are shown, the invention is explained in more detail; show it:

Fig. 1 shows a vierpulsigeη converter motor with parallel-connected Armature windings,

2 shows such a converter motor with connected in series Armature windings,

3 shows a six-coil converter motor,

4 shows the principle of a speed control for a motor according to Fig. 1,

5 shows the principle of a speed control for a motor according to FIG Fig. 2,

6 shows the course of the Halla voltages as a function of the angle of rotation, the induced voltages and the partial winding currents for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation.

Fig. 1 shows a direct current motor, the armature winding of which is designed as a three-phase winding in a midpoint connection. With 1 and 2 are the partial windings of one phase and with 3 and 4 denotes the partial windings of the other phase. The center point te of phase windings 1, 2 and 3, 4 are connected to one another,

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bo that a winding star is created, which with the positive pole connected to the voltage source. In series with each partial winding 1 to 4 a power gate 5 to 8 is connected. They are parallel to the negative pole of the voltage source. Between the partial windings 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 each have a commutation capacitor 9 resp. 10 locked. So that the capacitors 9 and 10 do not have the assigned Windings can discharge, and diodes 11 to 14 are provided.

The machine has a permanent magnet rotor 15, which carries the poles N and S diametrically opposite one another. The machine can also have a higher number of pole pairs. Instead of the permanent magnet, a preferably stationary excitation winding can be used. The two Hall generators 16 and 17 offset by 90 ° are arranged in the air gap of the machine. They are preferably in the winding axis of the phase windings 1, 2 and 3, 4. The Hall probes 16 and 17 are excited by the magnetic flux of the rotor 15 depending on the angle of rotation so that each of the. "Both Hall probes emit a voltage whose period corresponds to one revolution of the rotor. The Hall voltages of the two Hall generators 16 and 17 are also shifted in phase by 90 ° according to the spatial 90 ° offset, as the diagram in FIG. 6 shows. It was assumed that the Hall voltage is positive (arrow direction) when the rotor flux passes through the Hall probe from the stator to the rotor. In the armature windings 1 to 4, the rotating rotor induces approximately sinusoidal voltages which are phase-shifted according to FIG. 6. The assignment dee Angle-of-rotation-dependent control part to the current gates 5 to θ iet is made so that those two electric gates are always ignited, in which the voltages of the applied DC voltage U ₁ induced in the associated windings are able to hold the counterweight.

The ignition currents are fed to the current gates 5 to 6 8 for the purpose of potential separation between the heavy current and the control part via four pulse converters 18 to 21. The ignition energy is provided with the aid of a right-hand oscillator 22 . Since the ignition, the

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15 t rom to re must be done cyclically, are between the pulse converters 1B to? 1 and the square oscillator 2? iJchalttranaistören? 3 to 26 switched on, each of which is in the zero branch of a rectifier * ', bridge 27 to 30 »so that the switching transistors are penetrated by both the positive a Ls and the negative pulses of the supply oscillator 22 in the same sense * On the secondary side of the pulse converter 16 to 21, the ignition path of the current gates 5 to 8 is connected via a further rectifier bridge 31 to 34 each. The oil converter bridges 31 to 34 rectify the read square-wave pulses of the supply oscillator 22 as soon as one of the switching transistors 23 to 26. is opened so Daii to θ at the * pending Zündetrecken DC voltage for igniting the current gates. 5 '

The switching transistor gates are now controlled cyclically with the help of the Hall generators 16 and 17 depending on the angle of rotation »whereby in contrast to the older proposal, not every switching eietor 23 to 26 is assigned a Hall generator, but it two switching transistors are assigned to each Hall generator, always the winding pairs assigned to tinea. The two switching transistors 23 and 24 are aleo of the Hall generator 16 and the Hall generator 17, the two switching transceiver doors 25 and 26 assigned. The bases of the two associated switching transistors 23 and 24 or 25 and 26 are connected to one another via the Hall voltage outputs of Hall generators 16 and 17. Furthermore, the emitters of the two associated switching transistors are connected to one another and are located together with the ! a Steueretromzuleltung of the assigned Hall generator the one (negative) pole of the control power supply, while the other control power supply has a resistor each 35 or 36 is connected to the other (positive) pole of the control power supply source. By appropriate dimensioning of the resistors 35 and 36 can be connected via the base-emitter path the switching transistor gates 23 and 24 or 25 and 26 flowing bias current can be set. There is thus the possibility of using ι a relatively low level of the Hall voltage, the threshold voltage of the transistors 23 to 26 to overcome. Through the over the ^ Resistors 35 and 36 impressed basie emitter current can the

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Switching transistors connected directly to the hall electrodes are going to allow you to make the complex adjustments and Pulse shaping stages can be dispensed with. This results in a considerable saving in electronic means compared to the older ones Execution a.

In Fig. 6'a output voltages U ^ .., - and U ^ ₁ "of the two Hall generators 16 and 17 and the induced voltages ej to e in the individual partial windings. shown in association with the angular position of the magnetic flux la rotor. Below this, the stray flux in the winding phases 1 to 4 or current gates 5 to 8 is shown in the same relationship. In the rotor position shown in FIG. 1, the Hal! Generator 16 emits a voltage Uj ₁₁ ^ which is added to the voltage of the bias current of the switching transistor 23 so that it is permeable and the pulses coming from the oscillator 22 allow the pulse converter 18 to pass. The rectified ignition voltage is thus present at the ignition path of the strorator 5. The current gate 5 is thus permeable and current can flow through the weighing branch 3. Through the other pole of the permeability magnet rotor, the Hall generator 17 emits a voltage of opposite polarity, oil © adds to the bias voltage of the switching transistor 26, so that the current gate 8 is also open and current flows through the winding phase 2. The flow lengths of the two winding branches 2 and 3 add up geometrically. If the north pole of the rotor has exceeded the vertical position, the magnetic flux through the Hall generator 16 changes the direction north, so that the latter now emits a voltage, of course, of opposite polarity in the opposite direction. As a result, the switching transistor 23 is blocked and the holding transistor 24 is opened. When the current 6 becomes conductive, the capacitor 9 is discharged and blocks the current gate 5 * Ss, the partial windings 2 and 4 now carry current. Then, the current gate is ignited 7 and thus the current gate 8 (duröh capacitor 10) brought sum Delete '' It fütesn a & wa di © Teilwiatelragen 4 wau. 1 stream. With further Drefeuüg dta runner itfirä torch opening of the Stromtores 5 the Stromtor 6 golSecfct * bo that g®mlS Figo Sa now "the Teilwiolclungen 1 wad 3 Steom 'fUferea * AnsöhlidSend

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If the current flows from part winding 1 to part winding 2, eo that finally the partial windings 3 and 2 current again to lead. With the next round of the runner, repeat the process.

The power supply can take place both from batteries and from an alternating current network, which is denoted by 37 is. The alternating voltage for supplying the winding strands 1 to 4 is rectified via a rectifier bridge 38. The control current is obtained via a transformer 39 and a rectifier 40. The rectified voltage ÜV, can both serve to supply the Hall generator arrangements and also to supply the oscillator 22. Instead of strobe gates transistor transistors can also be used as switching valves. However, when feeding from a normal alternating current network, Use of current gates no intermediate transformer. When using ^ The use of transistors requires one over which the entire motor power must be fed to generate the voltage to the level required for the transistors. To ensure that there is no longer any ignition voltage at the power gate to be extinguished at the moment of extinguishing, it can be useful to that in the zero branch of the bridges 27 to 30 each have a differentiating element 41 to 44 is arranged.

FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement in which the individual winding branches 1 to 4 are not connected in parallel to the voltage source, but in series. The same parts are provided with the same reference numbers as in FIG. In the Läul'eretstellung shown in FIG. 6, the Hall generator 16 emits a positive voltage and the Hall generator 17 emits a negative voltage in accordance with FIG that a current flows from the positive pole of the voltage source via current gate 5, partial winding 3, partial winding 2 and current gate 8 to the negative pole of the voltage source. As with the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1, aleo partial windings 3 and 2 carry current. If the rotor flux is in a vertical position, the current flowing through the winding 3 commutates to the winding 4, as shown in FIG

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because now the partial windings? wniS 4: Hronfuhrmi. With further rotation of the rotor 15, the partial windings 4 are! and 1.3 and finally the Teilwieklungen 3 * 2 again excited.

A reversal of the direction of rotation is known through a pair of confusion mutually assigned ignition channels «are made. In Fig.6b are the assignments of shark voltages in the partial windings induced voltages and the currents flowing through the windings for counterclockwise rotation. The circuit in Fig. 2 has compared to the circuit in Fig. 1 a better efficiency because by connecting two partial windings phase-shifted by 90 ° the counter-ΣΜΚ in the circuit according to FIG. 2 has a lower waviness.

The speed de · Motorft is proportional to the voltage U ₁ . A change in speed can thus be brought about _{by changing the voltage U 1.} Flg. 4 shows the principle of a speed control device for the motor circuit according to FIG. 1 «Identical parts are given the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2. The regulation to constant speed is carried out by comparison of the setpoint and actual value with the aid of a post control 45, which is designed in a manner known per se. For this purpose, the current gates 46 located in the mains supply line are controlled in a manner known per se as a function of the setpoint / actual value differences. The setpoint value can be specified with the aid of a Zener diode 47, for example. This voltage is compared with a voltage proportional to the speed of the motor. For this purpose, the voltages induced in the partial windings 1 to 4 in the non-current-carrying phases can be decoupled via diodes 48 to 51. They are placed on a capacitor 52. The resulting voltage is applied to a bridge consisting of three resistors 53 to 55 from the Zenerdio.de 47.

Fig. 5 shows the corresponding speed control device for the motor in series connection according to Flg. 2, with same parts are provided with the same reference numbers. '. .

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FIG. 3 shows a converter motor in a three-phase circuit. The three-phase winding 56, 57 and 58, which is a rotary

Forming a winding «become In a known width About one Three-phase bridge inverter, which is made up of the current gates 59 When 64 exists, the alternating current network 37 is supplied with direct current via rectifier arrangement 38. The strand ends of the phase windings 56 to 58 are connected to one another in pairs via one commutation capacitor 65 to 67 each. As a runner a permanent magnet rotor 68 is used, which has the N and S has polarity indicated. Here, too, the excitation could be through an excitation winding, which is preferably at rest is arranged to take place. The Hall generators 69 to 71 are offset by 90 ° to the winding axes Rotation of the runner 68 interspersed with the runner field.

The current gates 59 to 64 are in turn controlled cyclically depending on the angle of rotation of the machine. As before, the control takes place via switching transistors 12 to 77, which are located in the zero circle of the rectifiers 78 to 83. Converters 84 to 89 are again used for potential separation. As in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the ignition channels are fed by a square-wave oscillator 22 which supplies the necessary ignition energy. Differentiating elements 90 to 95 are used to ensure that the current gates 61 to 64 receive only a single ignition pulse when they are activated. In this way it is avoided with certainty that no ignition voltage is present after the corresponding power gate has been deleted. The control part is in turn fed from the alternating current network 37 via a transformer 39 and rectifier bridge 4ü.

The associated current ports 61 and 62, 60 and 63, 59 and 64 or their switching transistors 72 and 73, 74 and 75, 76 and 77 are each assigned only one Hall generator 69, 70 and 71. The from Hall voltages emitted by the Hall generators are in phase shifted by 120 °. The control of the current gates 59 to 64 takes place analogously to the circuits in FIGS. 1 and 2. On these A rotary flux is created in which all three windings 56 \) is 58 are involved, the current flow in each case

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let two windings be the same and in the third winding in the opposite direction.

As with the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, through Changing or regulating the input voltage, the speed of the Converter motor can be changed or kept constant.

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Claims (8)

Claims PLA 66/1431 Converter motor, whose star-aligned winding strands are connected to a DC voltage source or to a DC voltage formed with rectifiers via an inverter with current gates, the strand ends being connected to one another in pairs via a commutation capacitor and the ignition of the current gates depending on the angle of rotation with the help of Hall probes via switching transistors (valve transistors ), which lie in the zero branch of a rectifier bridge fed by a Kechteckosziilator, characterized in that the switching transistors of the winding strands combined in pairs are each assigned a Hall probe W , the bases of the switching transistors assigned to one another being connected to one another via the Hall voltage outputs. 2. converter motor according to claim 1, characterized in that that the emitters of the two associated switching transistors and one control current supply line of the associated Hall probe at one pole of the control power supply source, while the other control power supply line is via a resistor is at the other pole of the control power supply source. 3. converter motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that a differentiating element is located in the zero branch of the rectifier bracket. 4. converter motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supply of the inverter is optional takes place via bridge rectifiers from the AC network. 5. converter motor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the rotor is excited by permanent magnets and / or by excitation windings. - 10 009813/0625 PLA 66/1431 6. converter motor according to claim 5 _9, characterized in that the Hallaondes are preferably arranged Ib air gap of the machine. 7. Stromrlchteraotor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized that the Hall probes by magnets, which in a control head rotating with the rotor can be influenced. 8. converter motor according to one of «claims 1 to 7» thereby marked that the Hallsonc Winding axes are arranged, marked that the Hall probes are offset by 90 ° to the - 11 009813/0525 - 'fa-Lee rs side