DE14864C - Method and device for cooling and drying air - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The invention aims to cool rooms or objects with cold air, which is produced by a new and peculiar process. This new procedure, which forms the subject of the invention is essentially the following:

It becomes compressed air, which has a lower temperature than the room to be cooled or the objects to be cooled, produced by the fact that at first a high degree of compression in moderately cold air by successive succession of individual compressions without Intermediate expansion is achieved but with simultaneous cooling and then the air through successive succession of the individual expansions, whereby after the. first expansions the still compressed air is brought to such a temperature that it room to be cooled, etc., withdraws heat before it expands still further.

The manner in which the expansion force of the to increase compressed air and thereby a maximum of labor and cold effect to create.

This is achieved by the fact that the still compressed air after it has partially expanded draws heat from the wall of the room to be cooled, etc., and that continues to do so expanding air does work.

The apparatus used to carry out this procedure, which is also the subject of of the invention consists in the connection of a cold room with an air compression machine or with several compressors, and with one or more coolers for cooling the compressed air, a first machine driven by compressed air which comes out of those compressors is used to expand the air and other machines driven by compressed air cause the further expansion of the air; one or more devices are also used, by means of which by absorbing heat from the wall of the cold room the partial air expanded on its way to those other air-driven machines is heated. In this way the air gains expansive force before it goes any further expands.

Only water is used here for cooling the compressed air, and of all Compressors are only used directly by a steam engine or some other motor emotional.

The construction of the apparatus used is from the enclosed To recognize drawing closer.

In the drawing is:

Fig. Ι the front view of the machines, which serve the purposes indicated above;

Fig. 2 of the outline;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the same;

Figure 4 is an end view of the cooler;

Fig. 5 side view;

6 shows a horizontal section through the same;

Fig. 7 details of the connecting tubes;

8 and 9 plan and view of the entire apparatus, schematically the Construction suggestive.

A, Fig. 8 and 9, is the room to be cooled,

B, Fig. Ι, 2, 8 and 9, a steam engine.

C ¹ C ² C ³ air compressors.

E ¹ E ² E ³ expansion machines.

i? ^a i? ² y? ³ cooling reservoirs for compressed air.

i ¹ c ² c ³ etc. taps, by means of which the passage of air through the apparatus is regulated.

p ¹ p ² j> ^% us vv. Tubes.

A ¹ and A ² reservoirs for partially expanded air.

In the example of the application of the invention shown in the drawing, the steam engine B, the compression machine C ³ and the expansion machine E ^{1 are} coupled to the common shaft s ¹ , FIG. 1; likewise the compression machine C ² and the expansion machine E ² to the common shaft s ² and the compression machine C ¹ and the expansion machine E ³ to the common shaft s ³ .

The compression and the outflow from the compression machine C ¹ takes place by the inflow and expansion in the expansion machine E ³ with the aid of the atmospheric air flowing into this compression machine.

The compression of the air in C ² and the outflow from it is effected by the inflow in E ² and the expansion in E ² with the aid of the inflow of the air under the maximum pressure from the former compression apparatus C ¹ . The compression in C ³ 'and the outflow from c ³ takes place through the joint action of the steam in the steam cylinder B and the inflow of the air in E ' and the expansion of the same in E ¹ with the aid of that in C ³ from c ² with the maximum pressure incoming air.

The order of the compressions and expansions, as well as the respective pressure levels and temperatures are as follows in the present example:

The compressor ^C1 draws air from 1,1 ⁰ C. and ι atmospheric pressure from the cooling space A, they are compressed on 0.6385 of its volume, with the pressure on 1.8827 atmospheres and the temperature rises to 56.5 ⁰ C. ; then the air passes into the cooling reservoir Ji ^1, wherein its temperature is lowered to ⁰ C. 21.1; the volume now takes up 0.569s of the original volume at constant pressure. This volume with 1.8827 atmospheres pressure at 21.1 ⁰ C. enters the second compressor, is compressed there to 0.3732 of the original volume, the pressure rises in this case to 3.4188 atmospheres and the temperature at 76.8 ⁰ C . Thus, the air enters the second cooling reservoir JZ ² where it is again cooled to ⁰ C. 21.1 and wherein shrinks in volume to 0.3137 of the original volume. With this volume of less than 3.4188 atm at 21.1 ⁰ C. The air enters the third Compression Machine C. ³

Here the volume is compressed to 0.1335 of the original volume, the pressure rises to 11.4 atmospheres and the temperature to 144.1 ° C. The air enters the third cooler i? ³ , where it is cooled again to 21.1 ° C., while at the same time the volume is reduced to 0.0941 of the original volume and the pressure remains the same. The air then enters the first expansion machine E ¹ , where the pressure drops from 11.4 atmospheres to 5 atmospheres and the volume is increased to 0.168 806 of the original volume, while at the same time the temperature drops to 41.6 ° C.

In this state the air enters the tubes H ¹ h ¹ , which are located inside the cooling space, extracts heat from the tube walls and absorbs this heat, so that the temperature of the air of - 41.6 ° C. - 4, 4 ⁰ C. rises, so it is still 5.5 ° C. lower than the temperature of the air in the cold room, and the latter is therefore also cooled down. In this way through the tubes H ¹ h ^x the volume increases from 0.168806 to 0.19583 of the original volume introduced in C. From the ZT reservoir? the latter volume enters the second expansion machine at a temperature of -4.4 ° C. and 5 atmospheres pressure, in which the pressure drops to 2.25 atmospheres and the volume increases to 0.3449 of the volume originally placed in i ¹ ; the temperature drops again to -60.1 ° C. The air then passes through the second series of tubes IPA ³ , where the temperature of the air rises again to -4.4 ° C and the volume to 0.4352 of the original volume brought in c ^{1 increases.} This volume finally enters the last expansion machine E ³ , where the pressure drops back to the original pressure of ι atmosphere, and the volume becomes 0.776 of the original volume, while the temperature drops again to -60.1 ° C.

In this state the air exits the outlet pipe H ³ into the room A to be cooled. In this pipe the air temperature rises to the above-mentioned level, so that no mist can arise when it emerges.

Incidentally, this tube IP can also be connected to a reservoir like the other tubes H ¹ H ^ ; The compressor C ¹ then takes the necessary air from this reservoir, so that a closed stream of air circulates through the whole apparatus.

The above-mentioned compression and expansion ratios and so on correspond to Dimensions given by the drawing. It goes without saying that all numbers are merely examples to explain the invention. Both the dimensions of the different Cylinders and so on, as well as their number

can be changed depending on the size of the room to be cooled and the temperature achieved will.

Neither is there any mention of the construction of the compression and expansion machines Requirement made.

In the drawing are so-called Clayton air compressors for the compressors, and for the expansion machines called Bucheyes, automatic machines, were adopted. To However, any other type of compression and expansion machine can also be used to get voted; What is essential are the proportions of their sizes to one another and their connection the same with the cooling apparatus, thereby producing their peculiar effect will.

The expansion machines are, as can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, arranged inside the cooling space, while the compressors, the cooling apparatus and the motor B are located outside the same.

Room A. has a protruding, overhanging chamber that houses the expansion machines. In this way, the loss of cold due to radiation into the open air is avoided and all cold generated is used to cool the air in A.

As already noted, the cooling devices are of a special construction, as shown in FIG. 4 to 7 emerges.

A housing takes in the air to be cooled; are inside the case two sets of horizontal tubes 2 and 3 attached, which cross each other at right angles. They all open into the walls of 1 and are to be described in more detail below Way connected with each other.

Cold water now enters at the bottom through the bifurcating tube 4 into both sets of tubes and flows through them 5 ^x in a zigzag from bottom to top due to the arrangement of the connecting pieces, and exits the tubes through the outflow tube 6 common to both sets.

The tubes 2 and 3 are similar to the fire tubes in locomotive boilers in the wall attached by ι; their mouths are drilled conically. In the mouths of each Two adjacent tubes fit the tapered ends of U-shaped curved ones Tubes 5 *, which have a shoulder 8 at their apex, on which the screw 11 presses.

All screws 11 are in rods q which surround the housing 1 like a grid;

These coolers R ¹ R ¹ R ^{z constructed in this way} are most expediently arranged under the expansion machines in the carriers of the latter, as FIG. 3 shows.

The apparatus through which the cold generated in the expansion machines is transferred to the air in the cooling space A are simple tubes ZT ¹ W ¹ , with which the likewise tubular reservoirs h ¹ A ^{3 are} connected. They must have such a clear width that the expelled, partly expanded air can flow through them with the necessary speed. The length of the tubes is to be made so great that a sufficiently large, cold surface is created so that the air is heated to the desired temperature, or, in other words, sufficient cold is given off to the tube walls.

The tubes H ¹ and H ³ are placed near the ceiling of room A and run parallel to the sides of the same.

What remains is the starting of the whole thing and the handling of the various taps still a few things to note.

In order to start the apparatus, it is necessary to bring the cooling and other reservoirs with To fill air of the required pressure. Ordinary pressure gauges are used for this.

The taps c ^% , c ⁶ and c ¹ are set in such a way that air in the space A can pass through the pipe p ' ⁵ after the compression ^{machine C 3} , and the compressed air from the latter into the cooling reservoir R ³ , and then the Steam engine started. As a result, the compression machine C ^s also begins to work, compresses the air taken from A and pushes it into the reservoir R ^% .

The expansion machine E ^{1 is} driven by this air in R ^s; it takes the air through the tube ρ and pushes it into the cooling tubes H ¹ h, in which the pressure is gradually accumulated. Thereafter, the valves are f i ² and ⁵ provided so, that air through the tube ^and can occur in the compression machine C /, and that the outgoing flow from ^C2 air after ^R.sub.2. The expansion machine E ² drives when the ^{valve 9 is} opened, the compression ^{machine C 2} , the ^{air leaving Zs 2} enters the cooling tubes IP A ² and from these E ^s takes the air necessary for operation.

The compression machine C ^s , which until then has taken the air from A through the tubes / ¹⁵ , is now forced to take the air from R ² by switching the taps £ ⁸ and c ^z , so that now there is air from R ² flows from higher pressure, in ü? ^{2 there is} also a higher pressure.

As a result, a greater weight of air is introduced into E ¹ ; this machine exerts a greater force and pushes the air under higher pressure in Ή ¹ h ^l , i.e. increases the pressure in / z ¹ and thus develops greater force in E ² , which machine in turn expels the air under higher pressure.

bump and in ft? creates a higher pressure. This pressure in P is now great enough to drive E ^s , so the cock c ² in the pipe p ¹¹ , which up to now had conveyed the admission of air through / ¹⁴ to i ² , is closed and c ² takes air from JR ¹ by virtue of the position of the cock c *. At the same time the expansion machine E ^z is set in motion by opening the tap c ^le and the work done by it serves to drive the compression machine C ¹ , which receives the air through the tube p ^l directly from the interior of the cooling space A.

As all the machines are now in motion, the pressure in the reservoirs will rise to a level at which the quantities of air flowing in and out are of constant weight; for since every machine only takes in a certain quantity, which depends on the movement of the inlet slide or valve, it will take less from each reservoir Ji ³ H ¹ h ¹ IP / z ² than it enters these reservoirs, namely to that one Time when the sum of the volumes of air that has passed and that has entered become equal to each other.

By means of secondary tubes J) ¹⁰ J) ¹¹ (each provided with a tap), the air can pass from one compression machine to the other without passing through the cooler. This achieves a higher temperature. This is necessary when the cooling water has a high temperature, which sometimes occurs in pits. Besides tubes / ^12/13, each provided with blades, are provided for directing the air from one machine to another, if a very low temperature is required.

When these secondary tubes are opened, the steam engine B has to do a little more work than usual, i.e. work with full steam. The temperature of the cooling water is assumed ^{to be 15.6 ° C.}

To remove the condensation water from the cooler R , each of them has, as FIGS. 4 and 5 show, a drainage tap at the bottom, namely the condensation water is drawn off after the first compression and before the very last compression is completed.

Finally, the main features and benefits of the whole facility over the previously used machines are mentioned.

You get a high pressure and accordingly a strong expansion and a consequent great cooling without excessive Effort of the working parts. The amount of work required to achieve the compression high pressure is relatively low. You also get gain in strength from expansion and as a result of a strong cooling.

The losses due to the leakage of the pistons, which were previously encountered at high pressure believed to be diminished by the fact that some water flowed into the compression cylinder are completely avoided here, in that only very dry air enters the machine. That the Expansion as well as compression taking place in automatic machines is a Main benefit.

In this system of dynamic cooling, the method is integral expansion left in separate cylinders and fractionelle, d. H. gradual expansion for it substituted.

Claims (3)

P ATENT claims: 1. The method and apparatus for cooling and drying air. The procedure consisting in generating a maximum of compression in a given amount of air through successive succession of individual compressions with simultaneous cooling and the subsequent expansion of the air to the original Pressure by successive individual expansions, with the air flowing through the walls of the conduits and reservoirs or removes heat from the objects, rooms, etc. to be cooled. Of the Apparatus consisting of a series of compressors with interposed refrigerators, in which the air is cooled on its way from one compressor to another; a number of with compressed air driven machines (expansion machines) together with intermediate ones Apparatus for the release of heat, which are located inside the room to be cooled, and in which the air is located reheated on their way from one of these expansion machines to another, a steam engine or some other motor, which is coupled to one of the compressors and has the necessary strength to complete it the performance of the above-mentioned compressed air-driven expansion machines. 2. In the case of the patent claim 1 specified Process the method of removing harmful water vapors from the air by compressing it from the cooled air Condensation water exuding air after the first compression and after the maximum pressure is reached, is withdrawn. 3. In the case of the patent claim 1 specified Process: the connection of a cold room with air compressors, which are outside the expansion machines located inside that cold room are arranged, from where the latter do their work outside the cold room give off and all generated cold is used to cool said room. In the case of the patent claim i. The method mentioned: the connection of the air compressors and coolers with secondary lines through which the air can be passed from one to the other compression machine without being cooled down, whereby one achieves that the compressed air attains a temperature so high that even relatively warm water can serve as a cooling medium.
In the patent claim ι. In connection with the air compressors, devices that extract heat from the cold room and transfer it to the air that is drawn from one machine to another, and secondary lines through which the air can pass from one machine to the other at will, even without passing through these devices can, whereby (if necessary) a very low temperature of the expanded air can be produced.
In the case of the patent claim i. specified method: the heating of the expanded air before it escapes into the air of the cold room by an apparatus consisting of tubes, which is arranged inside the cold room and which prevents the formation of mist when the air escapes, because the latter heats to a temperature which cold air, when mixed with warm, humid air, does not produce fog. In the patent claim ι. specified Process: the connection of two or more expansion machines, which by partially expanded, moving air leaving each preceding expansion machine will. Intermediate reservoirs for storing partially expanded air, in which the pressure of the air is equalized, before the latter is used to operate further expansion machines. The cooler consists of a container for holding air in which two Crowds of horizontal, lying above and next to each other, crossing at right angles Tubes are attached, through which tubes cold water is passed. The way of connecting two adjacent tubes of this cooler by means of a U-shaped Connection tube, which by a screw in the mouths of the to be connected Tubes is pressed. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.