DE1426917C

DE1426917C - Power generation system

Info

Publication number: DE1426917C
Authority: DE
Inventors: John William Glastonbury Conn Larson (V St A)
Original assignee: United Aircraft Corp
Current assignee: RTX Corp
Publication date: 1972-08-31

Description

Der Grundprozeß einer Krafterzeugungsanlage mit einem magneto-hydrodynamischen Generator ist an Hand der Fig. 2 und 3 erläutert.The basic process of a power generation system with a magneto-hydrodynamic generator is explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein geschlossenes Leitungssystem 11 der Anlage, und Fig. 3 ist das Enthalpie-Entropie-Diagramm derselben.Fig. 2 shows a closed line system 11 of the plant, and FIG. 3 is the enthalpy-entropy diagram of the same.

Gemäß Fig. 2 wird Hitze durch Konvektion entweder direkt oder indirekt von der Heizvorrichtung 12 dem Arbeitsmittel zugeführt. Als Arbeitsmittel kann irgendein Strömungsmittel verwendet werden, iu welches im flüssigen Zustand elektrisch leitend ist. Das Arbeitsmittel wird durch das geschlossene Leitungssystem 11 geleitet und ist eine Flüssigkeit an der Stelle / und eine Zweiphasenmischung aus Flüssigkeit und Dampf mit verhältnismäßig geringem Dampfanteil an der Stellet. Das Arbeitsmittel verläßt die Heizvorrichtung 12 mit verhältnismäßig niedriger Geschwindigkeit und wird in einer thermodynamischen Expansion auf eine hohe Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, wenn es durch eine konvergierende-divergierende Düse der Beschleunigungsvorrichtung 14 in einem adiabatischen Vorgang zu dem Zustand an der Stelle B gelangt, der einen statischen thermodynamischen Zustand darstellt. Das Arbeitsmittel ist an dieser Stelle eine Mischung aus Flüssigkeitstropfen und gesättigtem Dampf. Das Arbeitsmittel wird sodann in eine Vorrichtung zum Erhöhen des Flüssigkeitsanteils 16 Zentrifugalkräften oder anderen Kräften unterworfen, um zwei unterschiedliche Strömungen zu erhalten, die sich in ihrem Flüssigkeitsgehalt unterscheiden. Die Mischung hat an der Stelle C eine hohe Geschwindigkeit und ist flüssigkeitsreich, d. h. niederwertiger als an der Stelle D, und die Mischung an der Stelle D hat ebenfalls eine hohe Geschwindigkeit, ist jedoch dampfreich, d. h. ist höherwertiger als im Zustand an der Stelle C. Die kinetische Energie der dampfreichen Mischung an der Stelle D wird in einem Unterschall- oder Überschalldiffusor 18 in potentielle Energie umgewandelt. Die Verdampfungswärme des Dampfanteiles der Mischung wird dann durch die Wärmeentnahmevorrichtung 20 entfernt. Das Kondensat wird nunmehr durch eine Düse 22 zurückgeführt und in dem Mischer 24, der von der Injektor- oder Ejektorbauart sein kann, mit der flüssigkeitsreichen Mischung des Zustandes an der Stelle C gemischt. Die Masse, der Impuls und die Energie bleiben während des Mischvorganges erhalten. Das Strömungsmittel ist nun in dem Zustand an der Stelle//, der auf den Mischvorgang folgt. Ein Teil der kinetischen Energie des gemischten Arbeitsmittelstromes wird nunmehr in potentielle Energie umgewandelt, um den restlichen Dampf in dem Überschalldiffusor 26 zu kondensieren. Der größte Anteil der verbleibenden kinetischen Energie des nunmehr flüssigen Arbeitsmittels wird in einem magneto-hydrodynamischen Generator 30 in elektrische Energie umgewandelt. In dem Arbeitsmittel wird ein genügender Betrag kinetischer Energie zurückgehalten für die Umwandlung in Druck, um den Druck an der Stelle/ zu erreichen. Die Umwandlung kinetischer in elektrische Energie in dem magneto-hydrodynamischen Generator 30 wird dadurch erreicht, daß das Arbeitsmittel in der Leitung 27 durch ein von dem Magneten 29 erzeugtes Magnetfeld geleitet wird, welches normal zur Bewegungsrichtung des Arbeitsmittels liegt.According to FIG. 2, heat is supplied by convection either directly or indirectly from the heating device 12 to the working medium. Any fluid which is electrically conductive in the liquid state can be used as the working medium. The working medium is passed through the closed line system 11 and is a liquid at the point / and a two-phase mixture of liquid and steam with a relatively low proportion of vapor at the point. The working medium leaves the heating device 12 at a relatively low speed and is accelerated in a thermodynamic expansion to a high speed when it reaches the state at the point B in an adiabatic process through a converging-diverging nozzle of the acceleration device 14, which is a static thermodynamic State represents. The working medium at this point is a mixture of liquid droplets and saturated steam. The working medium is then subjected to a device for increasing the proportion of liquid 16 centrifugal forces or other forces in order to obtain two different flows which differ in their liquid content. The mixture at point C has a high velocity and is rich in liquid, that is to say inferior in quality than at point D, and the mixture at point D also has a high velocity, but is rich in steam, that is to say is of higher quality than in the state at point C. The kinetic energy of the vapor-rich mixture at point D is converted into potential energy in a subsonic or supersonic diffuser 18. The heat of vaporization of the vapor portion of the mixture is then removed by the heat extraction device 20. The condensate is now returned through a nozzle 22 and mixed with the liquid-rich mixture of the state at point C in the mixer 24, which may be of the injector or ejector type. The mass, the momentum and the energy are retained during the mixing process. The fluid is now in the state at // that follows the mixing process. Part of the kinetic energy of the mixed working medium flow is now converted into potential energy in order to condense the remaining steam in the supersonic diffuser 26. Most of the remaining kinetic energy of the now liquid working medium is converted into electrical energy in a magneto-hydrodynamic generator 30. A sufficient amount of kinetic energy is retained in the working medium for the conversion into pressure to achieve the pressure at the point /. The conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy in the magneto-hydrodynamic generator 30 is achieved in that the working medium in the line 27 is passed through a magnetic field generated by the magnet 29, which is normal to the direction of movement of the working medium.

F i g. 4 zeigt eine weitere Krafterzeugungsanlage mit einem magneto-hydrodynamischen Generator 30 mit einer Vorrichtung zum Erhöhen des Flüssigkeitsanteils 16. Es ist ersichtlich, daß diese Krafterzeugungsanlage sich dadurch von der in F i g. 2 dargestellten unterscheidet, daß das gesamte aus der Wärmeentnahmevorrichtung 20 austretende Arbeitsmittel mittels einer Elektropumpe 40 über die Leitung 42 zu der Heizvorrichtung zurückgepumpt wird. Außerdem sind die Düse 22 und der Mischer 24 fortgelassen, so daß die flüssigkeitsreiche Mischung aus der Vorrichtung zum Erhöhen des Flüssigkeitsanteils 16 von der Stelle C direkt in den Überschalldiffusor 26 fließt. Der Vorteil dieser abgeänderten Anordnung gegenüber der Vorrichtung nach F i g. 2 besteht darin, daß sie einen anpassungsfähigeren Betrieb ermöglicht, jedoch auf Kosten einer zusätzlichen Pumpe.F i g. 4 shows a further power generation system with a magneto-hydrodynamic generator 30 with a device for increasing the proportion of liquid 16. It can be seen that this power generation system thereby differs from the one shown in FIG. 2 differs in that the whole of the Heat extraction device 20 exiting working medium by means of an electric pump 40 via the line 42 is pumped back to the heater. Also there are the nozzle 22 and the mixer 24 omitted so that the liquid-rich mixture from the device for increasing the Liquid portion 16 flows from point C directly into the supersonic diffuser 26. The advantage of this modified Arrangement with respect to the device according to FIG. 2 is that it is a more adaptable one Operation enabled, but at the expense of an additional pump.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

Claims

1 2 claims: pickling agent, with a heating device for supplying thermal energy in order to

1. Power generation system with a closed-heating, with an acceleration device for separate management circuit for the work equipment, with the inclusion of the heated ^ work equipment and for a heating device for supplying thermal 5 converting the thermal energy thereof into Energy to heat the working fluid, with kinetic energy, and with a "work withdrawal" Accelerator device for erecting device in order to convert the kinetic energy of the work of the heated working medium and to convert it into another usable energy the thermal energy of the same, being behind the accelerator in kinetic energy, and with a working io a device for increasing the liquid extraction device, around the kinetic energy portion of the mixture of the working medium arranged the working medium in another usable to generate a high-speed liquid, To convert energy, behind the loading and this by the Arbeitsentnahmevorrichschreibungvorrichtung a device for tion is sent through. Such a force-increasing the liquid content of the mixture 15 generating plant is from the USA patent of the working medium is arranged to a high 2151 949 known At this known force velocity Generating liquid and being generating plant are two different types these are used by the working fluid flow system. Serves as a propellant is sent through, thereby marked a liquid with a low boiling point, e.g. B. draws that as a working medium a single 20 water, and as a working medium a liquid with two-phase fluid is used, very high boiling point, e.g. B. Mercury. The which in the heating device (12) for the purpose of BiI propellant must after it has fulfilled its task tion of a liquid-vapor mixture has to be separated again from the working medium, and is evaporated wisely. before the work equipment is

2. Power generation system according to claim 1, 25 extraction device flows. This requires one that is characterized in that the labor, additional structural effort and an effect extraction device cause a magneto-hydrodynamic deterioration.

mix generator (30) forms. The task at hand is to create a force generation

3. To create a power generation system according to claim 1, which has a simpler Aufoder 2, characterized in that the front part shows 30 and enables a higher degree of efficiency light to increase the proportion of liquid.

(16) the mixture 'a heat extraction device - the solution to this task of a power

device (20) comprises to generate the steam of the mixture of the type specified

to cool and to see at least a part of it in the fact that as a working medium a single one to liquefy. 35 two-phase fluid is used, which

4. power generation system according to claim 1 ches in the heating device for the purpose of forming a to 3, characterized in that a device-liquid-vapor mixture partially evaporates tion to split the output flow of the will.

Work extraction device is provided where- The power generation system according to the invention

with some of the liquid to the heating device 40 works advantageously, since nuclei during the expansion

tion (12) and another part of the liquid energy is taken from the working medium and

The waste of static, potential energy is therefore passed to the heat extraction device (20)

will. in the fluid the increase in kinetic

5. power generation system according to claim 1 equals energy, d. i.e. that the fluid is on to 4, characterized in that the heating 45 is accelerated at a high speed, device (12) a closed liquid embodiments of the invention are in the foil metal cycle includes with a pump and with reference to schematic drawings a nuclear reactor and that the device for wrote. It shows

Increasing the proportion of liquid (16) of the Mi F i g. 1 shows an enthalpy-entropy diagram of a

schung the working medium a liquid metal 50 power generation system according to the invention,

circuit with a room radiator and a F i g. 2 the individual parts of a force generation

Pump includes. system with a magneto-hydrodynamic gene-

6. power generation system according to claim 5, rator,

characterized by an airfoil-less Fig. 3 shows an enthalpy-entropy diagram of

Turbopump as a flow conditioning device 55 system according to FIG. 2,

tion. 4 shows a modified power generation system

7. power generation system according to claim 5 with a magneto-hydrodynamic generator, or 6, characterized in that a flow Fig. 1 shows an enthalpy-entropy diagram mungskonditioniervorrichtung, an acceleration for a typical power generation system that no nozzle, a mixing device and has an over-rotating parts, the following sound diffuser being made use of together with the working cycle sections: take-up device are arranged in a housing with circular cross-section axially one behind the other AB = heat supply under constant pressure. BC = adiabatic expansion in a nozzle,

65 CD = heat emission under constant pressure,

DE = adiabatic compression in a dif-

The invention relates to a power generation system fusor and

with a closed circuit for an Ar- EA = decrease in the available work.