DE1276410B - Forming process for the generation of fission gases - Google Patents

Description

Forming process for generating fission gases The invention relates to a forming process for the generation of fission gases from liquid or gaseous Hydrocarbons or from other vaporizable substances according to a cyclical, regenerative cleavage process with the help of a piston internal combustion engine.

A method with cyclic heating of catalysts is known, in which the heating process is followed by a splitting process to produce a hydrogen-rich gas takes place. In the case of a system that works according to this process the catalysts are in fireproof, brick-lined containers and not inside arranged by internal combustion engines. The combustion energy is not mechanical exploited, the switching cycles are carried out relatively slowly, there are each provided for a few minutes. It is also known to generate fission gases Use piston machines such as compressors. It is here z. B. the heat of compression used to carry out an endothermic cleavage process. Another way To win hot gases under pressure from internal combustion engines, can partially Expansion of the combustion gases in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and subsequent Ejection of the compressed gases happen. The production of synthesis gases in the gasoline engine incomplete combustion is also possible.

The invention is based on the object of a pure cracked gas to gain an endothermic process in a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that in each case Connection to the normally required for the operation of the piston internal combustion engine, The materials to be formed (e.g. hydrocarbons) are made up of a cycle consisting of several cycles in a arranged within the combustion chamber of the piston internal combustion engine, with Forming chamber equipped with heat-storing catalysts are passed after The catalytic converters were previously heated up by the exhaust gases produced during combustion and after releasing the energy contained in them for work performance, the combustion chamber have left, and that the fission gases produced are expelled from the combustion chamber before the actual engine cycle begins again.

The generated fission gases can be controlled by a special Flow outlet to a cracked gas cooling and treatment plant.

So that the generated fission gases get the desired composition, it is necessary to keep the pressure at a certain level during the cleavage keep. There is therefore an adjustable overflow valve behind the cracked gas outlet built-in.

The relationships are explained using the following example: If gasoline is to be split into town gas and the catalyst temperature is fixed (around 750 ° C), the water vapor-carbon ratio and the throughput must be selected so that no soot is formed in the cracked gas occurs. With a normal water vapor-carbon ratio of 2.5: 1, there is now a low methane content of around 2 percent by volume when operating without pressure. The calorific value of the cracked gas obtained in this way is around 2900 kcal / Nms.

To bring the methane content to 18 percent by volume, the pressure held at 30 atm during the cleavage cycles.

An embodiment of a system for carrying out the invention The method is shown in the drawing in FIG. 1 shown.

The catalytic converters 1 are installed between heat-resistant, perforated metal sheets, the cylinder 2 and the cylinder cover 3 of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. The inlet mixture required for the process is controlled via valve 4 and the outlet mixture is controlled via valve 5.

By installing the catalytic converters 1 within the combustion chamber of Internal combustion engines, the heat of combustion of the combustion gases is used to heat up the catalytic converters, followed by a heat-consuming cracking process to undertake. So that the generated fission gases do not mix, the Combustion cycles separated from one another in time with the stroke of the piston.

The combustion air is sucked in through the valve 6, and the hot Combustion gases are fed to the waste heat steam boiler 13 via the valve 7, behind which they escape into the open. The fuel is supplied by the fuel pump 8 and injected through the injection nozzle 9 above the catalyst, so that the Catalyst is heated up during combustion and expansion of the gases. After this the Combustion gases are emitted via valve 7, valve 4 leaves the previous one the example mentioned gasoline-water vapor mixture flow into the cylinder. When it comes into contact with the hot catalytic converter, the gasoline hydrocarbons are released split and a hydrogen- and methane-containing fission gas obtained. Still remaining After splitting, carbon is present as carbon oxide and carbon dioxide. The higher the pressure is maintained during the cracking process, the more methane is in the cracking gas received, d. i.e. when the catalyst temperature remains the same. In urban gas generation a high methane content is desirable. The pressure during the split and when flowing out the split mixture is discharged downstream of the valve 5 through the overflow valve 11 held at a constant level.

The sensible heat of the fission gases is in the heat exchanger 10 transfer the incoming mixture. Via line 12, the fission gases are further Cooling derived. The electric motor 14 is used to start the internal combustion engine.

F i g. 2 shows the P-V diagram of the piston internal combustion engine with built-in Forming chamber.

The numbers 1 to 6 each mean a stroke, i.e. per total cycle three revolutions of the crankshaft.

Strokes 1 to 4 are for the combustion cycle and strokes 5 to 6 are provided for the splitting cycle.

The process sequence is designed so that after starting and warming up the engine is sucked in the combustion air in the first stroke, in the second stroke the combustion air is compressed, in the third stroke the fuel is burned, and in the fourth stroke the exhaust of the combustion gases takes place. In hub 3 and 4 will be The catalytic converter is heated up by the combustion gases, which closes in the fifth stroke fissioning hydrocarbon-water vapor mixture admitted under pressure, in the sixth Stroke, the cracked gas converted on the hot catalyst is pressed out of the cylinder space.

The advantages achieved by the invention are that with a converted, normal piston internal combustion engine a cracked gas is generated, which is independent of the composition of the combustion gases. The generation of fission gas can be done within a few minutes, while with previously known cyclical Procedure longer start-up times are required. By changing the pressure is a Change in the fission gas composition easily possible.

Claims (2)

Claims: 1. Forming process for generating fission gases from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons or from other vaporizable substances according to a cyclical, regenerative cracking process with the help of a piston internal combustion engine, characterized in that in each case following the normal operation the piston internal combustion engine required, consisting of several strokes cycle the substances to be transformed (e.g. hydrocarbons) into one within the combustion chamber the piston internal combustion engine, equipped with heat-storing catalytic converters Forming chamber are conducted after the incineration produced beforehand Exhaust gases heated up the catalytic converters and released the energy they contain have left the combustion chamber for work, and that the fission gases produced be expelled from the combustion chamber before the actual engine cycle starts all over again. 2. Forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure under which the splitting cycle, which is separated in time from the actual engine cycle, takes place, is controlled with the aid of adjustable overflow valves at the splitting gas outlet. Considered publications: German Patent Specifications Nos. 415 214, 389 294, 371378, 171623; German Auslegeschrift No. 1107 879; British Patent No. 131609; Journal »Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik«, 28th year, 1956, issue 3, pages 190 to 195.