DE1273103B - Lubricating oil - Google Patents
Lubricating oilInfo
- Publication number
- DE1273103B DE1273103B DEE29165A DEE0029165A DE1273103B DE 1273103 B DE1273103 B DE 1273103B DE E29165 A DEE29165 A DE E29165A DE E0029165 A DEE0029165 A DE E0029165A DE 1273103 B DE1273103 B DE 1273103B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- friction
- oil
- mixture
- metallic contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008041 oiling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001505 inorganic iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
- C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/086—Chromium oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/20—Natural rubber; Natural resins
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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- C10M2207/042—Epoxides
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- C10M2207/044—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms, e.g. furans, dioxolanes
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- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
Int. Cl.:Int. Cl .:
ClOmClOm
Deutsche Kl.: 23 c-1/01 German class: 23 c -1/01
Nummer: 1273 103Number: 1273 103
Aktenzeichen: P 12 73 103.2-43 (E 29165)File number: P 12 73 103.2-43 (E 29165)
Anmeldetag: 22. April 1965 Filing date: April 22, 1965
Auslegetag: 18. Juli 1968Opening day: July 18, 1968
SchmierölLubricating oil
Es gibt viele Fälle, insbesondere unter »Grenzschmierungs«-Bedingungen, wo zwei zu schmierende reibende Oberflächen durch einen sehr dünnen Film von Schmiermittel getrennt sind. In diesen Fällen ist es zweckmäßig, daß sehr wenig Reibung zwischen den sich bewegenden Oberflächen auftritt. Um diese Reibung zu vermindern, ist es üblich, herkömmliche Schmiermittel mit Zusätzen zu verstärken, die als öligkeitsmittel bekannt sind. Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sehr kleine Mengen Jod in einem Schmieröl ungewöhnlich wirksame Öligkeitsmittel sind. Überdies führt diese Verwendung von elementarem Jod in solchen Trägermedien zu bemerkenswerten sekundären Vorteilen, d. h. zu Verbesserungen der Belastungskapazität und der Verschleißfestigkeitseigenschäften. There are many cases, especially under "boundary lubrication" conditions, where two rubbing surfaces to be lubricated by a very thin film are separated from lubricant. In these cases it is desirable to have very little friction between occurs on moving surfaces. To reduce this friction, it is common practice to use conventional Reinforce lubricants with additives known as oiling agents. It has now been found that very small amounts of iodine in a lubricating oil are unusually effective oiling agents. Besides this use of elemental iodine in such carrier media leads to notable secondary ones Advantages, d. H. for improvements in load capacity and wear resistance properties.
So können beispielsweise nur 0,00375 Gewichtsprozent Jod in einem Mineralöl den Reibungskoeffizienten um mehr als 50% verringern. Auch in wäßrigen Schmierölemulsionen wird der Reibungskoeffizient stark herabgesetzt.For example, only 0.00375 percent by weight of iodine in a mineral oil can reduce the coefficient of friction decrease by more than 50%. In aqueous lubricating oil emulsions, too, the coefficient of friction becomes greatly reduced.
Als Schmieröle sind Kohlenwasserstoffe bevorzugt. Diese sollen möglichst 50% gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe und höchstens 50% Aromaten und nicht mehr als 20% an anderen ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Olefinen oder Cycloolefinen, enthalten.Hydrocarbons are preferred as lubricating oils. They are there to no longer contain as 50% saturated hydrocarbons and at most 50% aromatics than 20% of other unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins or cycloolefins.
Neutralöle mit einer Viskosität zwischen 50 SUS bei 37,8°C und 2000 SUS bei 37,8 0C oder Brightstocks mit einer Viskosität zwischen 90 und 300 SUS bei 99°C sind besonders geeignet. Aber auch feste KW-Stoffe können verwendet werden.Neutral oils with a viscosity between 50 SUS at 37.8 ° C and 2000 SUS at 37.8 0 C, or Bright Stocks having a viscosity from 90 to 300 SUS at 99 ° C are particularly suitable. However, solid hydrocarbons can also be used.
Auch synthetische Schmieröle, wie Ester-, PoIysiloxan-, Carbonat-, Formal-, Polyglykolöle oder Gemische derselben, werden verwendet. Das Jod (Jodkristall) kann auch in verschlossene Systeme eingebracht werden. Hierbei ist das Gas des Systems das Trägermedium. Diese letztere Anwendung ist von Bedeutung zur Schmierung von Raketen oder Geschoßsystemen, wo die reibenden Oberflächen verschlossen werden können und das zirkulierende Jod die notwendige Schmierung liefert.Synthetic lubricating oils such as ester, polysiloxane, Carbonate, formal, polyglycol oils or mixtures thereof are used. The iodine (iodine crystal) can also be introduced into closed systems. Here the gas of the system is that Carrier medium. This latter application is important for the lubrication of rockets or missile systems, where the rubbing surfaces can be occluded and the circulating iodine provides the necessary lubrication.
Wäßrige Lösungen, die Jod enthalten, sind wirksame Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten. Da Jod bekanntlich mit Titan, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen, reagiert, eignen sich diese Lösungen zur spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Titan.Aqueous solutions containing iodine are effective metalworking fluids. Since iodine is well known reacts with titanium, especially at higher temperatures, these solutions are suitable for machining Machining of titanium.
Zweckmäßige wäßrige Metallbearbeitungslösungen, die Jod enthalten, sind:Appropriate aqueous metalworking solutions that contain iodine are:
1. Jod allein, gelöst in Wasser.1. Iodine alone dissolved in water.
2. Jod in Kombination mit anorganischen Jodiden, wie KJ, gelöst in Wasser.2. Iodine in combination with inorganic iodides, such as KI, dissolved in water.
Anmelder:Applicant:
Esso Research and Engineering Company,Esso Research and Engineering Company,
Elizabeth, N. J. (V. St. A.)Elizabeth, N. J. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:Representative:
Dr. K. Th. Hegel, Patentanwalt,Dr. K. Th. Hegel, patent attorney,
2000 Hamburg 50, Große Bergstr. 2232000 Hamburg 50, Große Bergstr. 223
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Michael J. Furey, Berkeley Heights, N. J.Michael J. Furey, Berkeley Heights, N. J.
3. Komplexe von Jod mit Verbindungen mit mehreren Hydroxylgruppen, gelöst in Wasser. Zu Verbindungen mit mehreren Hydroxylgruppen gehören Stärken, Amylose, Amylopectin, Sorbite, Polyäthylenglykole und alle anderen Verbindungen, die eine beträchtliche Anzahl von OH-Gruppen enthalten (Polyole sind gegenüber Glykolen bevorzugt).3. Complexes of iodine with compounds with several hydroxyl groups, dissolved in water. to Compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups include starches, amylose, amylopectin, sorbitol, Polyethylene glycols and all other compounds that contain a considerable number of OH groups (polyols are preferred over glycols).
4. Kombinationen der oben angegebenen.4. Combinations of the above.
Auch andere Zusätze können in alle obigen Lösungen eingebracht werden. Dazu gehören Korrosionsinhibitoren (ζ. Β. Nitrite, Chromate, Phosphate, Imidazoline, Sulfonate, Amine), Netzmittel, Verdickungsmittel und Farbstoffe. Gemeinsame Lösungsmittel, wie Alkohole oder Äther, können ebenfalls eingebracht werden.Other additives can also be incorporated into all of the above solutions. These include corrosion inhibitors (ζ. Β. Nitrites, chromates, phosphates, imidazolines, sulfonates, amines), wetting agents, thickeners and dyes. Common solvents, such as alcohols or ethers, can also be used be introduced.
In Schmierölen wird das Jod in Mengen von 0,0001 bis 0,99, vorzugsweise 0,001 bis 0,90 Gewichtsprozent, in wäßrigen Emulsionen in Mengen von 0,0001 bis 5, beispielsweise 0,001 bis 3 Gewichtsprozent, zugesetzt.In lubricating oils, the iodine is used in amounts of 0.0001 to 0.99, preferably 0.001 to 0.90 percent by weight, in aqueous emulsions in amounts of 0.0001 to 5, for example 0.001 to 3 percent by weight.
Die Messungen erfolgten mit einer Vorrichtung, beschrieben in einer Publikation mit dem Titel »Metallic Contact and Friction between Sliding Surfaces« von M. J. F u r e y auf der 1960 Joint ASLE-ASME Lubrication Conference, am 19. Oktober 1960 in Boston, Mass., veröffentlicht in den ASLE Transactions, Bd. 4, Nr. 1, S. 1 bis 11, April 1961, oder in der USA.-Patentschrift 3 129 580.The measurements were made with a device described in a publication entitled "Metallic Contact and Friction between Sliding Surfaces" by M. J. F u r e y at the 1960 Joint ASLE-ASME Lubrication Conference, October 19, 1960 in Boston, Mass., Published in the ASLE Transactions, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-11, April 1961, or U.S. Patent 3,129,580.
Die Vorrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus einer fixierten Metallkugel, die gegen einen rotierenden Stahlzylinder belastet wird. Das Ausmaß des metallischen Kontaktes wird durch Messung sowohl des sofortigen als auch des durchschnittlichen elektrischen Widerstands zwischen den zwei OberflächenThe device consists essentially of a fixed metal ball which is rotating against a Steel cylinder is loaded. The extent of metallic contact is determined by measuring both the instantaneous as well as the average electrical resistance between the two surfaces
809 570/492809 570/492
bestimmt. Er wird als Prozent der Zeit ausgedrückt, in der metallischer Kontakt in einer gegebenen Zeitspanne auftritt. Die Reibung zwischen der Kugel und dem Zylinder wird gleichzeitig mit dem Kontakt aufgezeichnet. Dies wird als Reibungskoeffizient angegeben, welcher das Verhältnis von Reibungskraft zur Belastung ist. Es wurde gefunden, daß im allgemeinen eine gute Beziehung zwischen dem auf diese Weise gemessenen metallischen Kontakt und dem Ausmaß an auftretender Oberflächenschädigung vorliegt.certainly. It is expressed as a percentage of the time metallic contact is in a given amount of time occurs. The friction between the ball and the cylinder is recorded simultaneously with the contact. This is given as the coefficient of friction, which is the ratio of frictional force is a burden. It has been found that in general there is a good relationship between this Metallic contact measured in a manner and the extent of surface damage occurring.
Die Bewertungen der Zubereitungen wurden unter den folgenden Bedingungen durchgeführt, falls nichts anderes angegeben ist:The evaluations of the preparations were carried out under the following conditions, if nothing other information is given:
System AISI 52100 StahlSystem AISI 52100 steel
Kugel von 12,7 mm (V2 Zoll)
Durchmesser auf Zylinder
von 44,45 mm (l3/4Zoll)
Durchmesser12.7 mm (V2 inch) diameter ball on cylinder
of 44.45 mm (l 3/4 in)
diameter
Belastung 240 g (3849 kg/cm2 bzw.Load 240 g (3849 kg / cm 2 resp.
54 700 psi mittlerer Hertzdruck) 54 700 psi mean hertz pressure)
Geschwindigkeit ... 240 UpM (56 cm/sec Gleitgeschwindigkeit) Speed ... 240 rpm (56 cm / sec sliding speed)
Zeit 32 MinutenTime 32 minutes
Temperatur 25,00C.Temperature 25.0 0 C.
Eine Lösung mit einem Gehalt von 0,75 Gewichtsprozent Jod wurde durch Zugabe von elementarem Jod zu einem lösungsmittelextrahierten, paraffinischen Neutralmineralöl mit einer Viskosität von 100 SUS bei 37,80C und Mischen bei Raumtemperatur hergestellt. Die erhaltene Mischung war klar mit einer dunklen Bernsteinfärbung. Ein Teil dieser Mischung wurde beiseite gesetzt, und der Rest wurde verdünnt, um ein Gemisch mit einer Konzentration von 0,075 Gewichtsprozent Jod zu ergeben. Die letztere Mischung wurde weiter in der gleichen Weise verdünnt und identisch wie die erste Mischung behandelt. Diese Arbeitsweise wurde durchgeführt, bis fünf Mischungen erhalten waren, welche Konzentrationen von 0,75, 0,075, 0,0075, 0,00375 und 0,00075 Gewichtsprozent Jod enthielten. Die Jodmischungen und die Mineralölbasis allein ohne Zusätze wurden in der Kugel-auf-Zylinder-Vorrichtung bewertet. Die Bewertung erfolgte als Prozent metallischer Kontakt und Reibungskoeffizient. Die Mischungen wurden mit A bis F bezeichnet. Die Durchschnittsergebnisse mehrerer Bewertungen und die Bezeichnungen der besonderen Mischungen sind in der folgenden Tabelle I angegeben.A solution with a content of 0.75 weight percent iodine was prepared by addition of elemental iodine in a solvent extracted paraffinic neutral mineral oil having a viscosity of 100 SUS at 37.8 0 C and mixing at room temperature. The resulting mixture was clear with a dark amber color. A portion of this mixture was set aside and the remainder was diluted to give a mixture having a concentration of 0.075 weight percent iodine. The latter mixture was further diluted in the same manner and treated identically as the first mixture. This procedure was carried out until five mixtures were obtained containing concentrations of 0.75, 0.075, 0.0075, 0.00375 and 0.00075 weight percent iodine. The iodine mixtures and the mineral oil base alone with no additives were evaluated in the ball-on-cylinder device. The evaluation was made as the percentage of metallic contact and the coefficient of friction. The mixtures were designated A through F. The average results of several evaluations and the designations of the particular blends are given in Table I below.
Wirkung von Jod auf den metallischen Kontakt undEffect of iodine on metallic contact and
die Reibungthe friction
5555
metallischerpercent
more metallic
Gewichtsof iodine
Weight
Reibungslicher
Frictional
Wie aus den obigen Daten der Tabelle I zu ersehen ist, hat das Jod eine ausgeprägte Wirkung bei der Verringerung der Reibung bei metallischem Kontakt. Noch bemerkenswerter ist, daß die Wirkung bei einer Konzentration von Jod von nur 0,00375 Gewichtsprozent auftritt. Bei einer Jodkonzentration von 0,0075 Gewichtsprozent liegt eine bedeutende Verringerung des metallischen Kontaktes und eine mehr als 50%ige Verringerung der Reibung vor.As can be seen from the above data in Table I, the iodine has a pronounced effect in reducing the friction with metallic contact. What is even more remarkable is that the effect on a Concentration of iodine of only 0.00375 percent by weight occurs. With an iodine concentration of 0.0075 weight percent is a significant reduction in metallic contact and one more than 50% reduction in friction.
Diese Wirkungen sind ungewöhnlich groß. So war beispielsweise die durchschnittliche Verringerung der Reibung für Mischungen, welche 0,0075% J°d °^ST mehr enthielten, 89%· Die durchschnittliche Herabsetzung im metallischen Kontakt für die gleichen Öle war etwa 94%·These effects are unusually large. For example, the average reduction in friction for blends containing 0.0075% J ° d ° ^ ST more was 89% The average reduction in metallic contact for the same oils was about 94%
Bekanntlich fallen die Lösungen von Jod im allgemeinen in zwei Klassen, in bernsteinfarbene und violette. Im obigen Beispiel I wurde beobachtet, daß die Mischungen von Jod in dem Mineralöl mit 100 SUS verschiedene Schattierungen von Bernsteinfarbe zeigten. Es wurde beobachtet, daß bei Zubereitung von Jodmischungen in Weißöl die Mischungen eine violette Farbe hatten. Um daher zu bestimmen, ob die Form, in welcher das Jod vorlag, einen Einfluß auf den metallischen Kontakt und auf den Reibungskoeffizienten hatte, wurden Kugel-auf-Zylinder-Prüfungen mit Mischungen von Jod in einem Weißöl durchgeführt, das ein hoch raffiniertes Mineralöl war. Dieses Weißöl hatte eine Viskosität von 100 SUS bei 37,8°C. Die Herstellungsmethode und Bewertung war ähnlich wie die im Beispiel I beschriebene. Weißöl allein ohne Jod oder einem anderen Zusatz wurde als Kontrolle verwendet. Die Mischungen wurden mit G bis M bezeichnet. Die Ergebnisse (Durchschnitt) der Versuche und die Bezeichnung der Mischungen sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle II zusammengefaßt.As is known, the solutions of iodine generally fall into two classes, amber and purple. In Example I above, it was observed that the mixtures of iodine in the mineral oil with 100 SUS showed various shades of amber color. It was observed that upon preparation of iodine mixtures in white oil the mixtures were purple in color. Therefore, to determine whether the form in which the iodine was present has an influence on the metallic contact and on the coefficient of friction had been ball-on-cylinder tests with mixtures of iodine in a white oil which was a highly refined mineral oil. This white oil had a viscosity of 100 SUS 37.8 ° C. The manufacturing method and evaluation were similar to that described in Example I. White oil alone with no iodine or any other additive was used as a control. The mixes were made with G to M designated. The results (average) of the tests and the designation of the mixtures are summarized in Table II below.
Wirkung von Jod auf den metallischen Kontakt und die ReibungEffect of iodine on metallic contact and friction
Grundöl Weißöl(100SUSbei37,8°C)Base oil white oil (100SUS at 37.8 ° C)
Zeit 32 MinutenTime 32 minutes
metallischer
Kontakt-r percent
more metallic
Contact
koeffizientFrictional
coefficient
Gewichtsof iodine
Weight
6060
65 Wie aus der obigen Tabelle II zu ersehen ist, sind die mit Jod in einem Weißöl erhaltenen Ergebnisse sehr gut. Im Durchschnitt vermindert Jod den metallischen Kontakt und die Reibung um etwa 95 bzw. 85 % in diesen Versuchen.65 As can be seen from Table II above, the results obtained with iodine in a white oil are very good. On average, iodine reduces the metallic contact and the friction by about 95 resp. 85% in these attempts.
Um die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Zusätze bei der Verhinderung der Fleckenbildung auf Metall durch Jod zu bestimmen, wurde eine Reihe von vier Mischun-To check the effectiveness of various additives in preventing staining on metal To determine iodine, a series of four mixtures
gen hergestellt. Eine Mischung war das Grundöl von Beispiel I, eine Mischung war das gleiche Grundöl plus 0,85 Gewichtsprozent Jod, und die anderen zwei Mischungen waren das Grundöl plus 0,85 Gewichtsprozent Jod plus 1 Gewichtsprozent jeweils einer Reihe von weiteren Zusätzen. Die zu entscheidende Frage bestand darin, ob diese Verbindungen die Fleckenbildung vermindern würden und, falls sie die Fleckenbildung verminderten, ob sie irgendeine nachteilige Wirkung auf die Fähigkeit des Jods, Kontakt und Reibung herabzusetzen, hätten. Die wie oben beschriebenen Mischungen wurden mit N bis S bezeichnet. Jedes Prüfstück wurde dann in 50 cm3 der Ölmischung für 72 Stunden bei Zimmertemperatur eingetaucht. Bei dieser Prüfung war die Prüfkugel eine AISI - 52100 - Stahl -12,7 - mm - (V2 Zoll) - Prüfkugel, und die Prüfzeit betrug 72 Stunden bei Zimmertemperatur. Die Ergebnisse der Prüfung und die Bezeichnung der Mischungen sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle III zusammengefaßt.gen manufactured. One blend was the base oil of Example I, one blend was the same base oil plus 0.85 weight percent iodine, and the other two blends were the base oil plus 0.85 weight percent iodine plus 1 weight percent each of a number of other additives. The question to be answered was whether these compounds would reduce staining and, if they did reduce staining, whether they would have any adverse effect on the ability of iodine to reduce contact and friction. The mixtures as described above were designated N through S. Each test piece was then immersed in 50 cm 3 of the oil mixture for 72 hours at room temperature. 52100 - - Steel -12.7 - In this test, the test ball was an AISI mm - (V 2 inches) - test sphere, and the test time was 72 hours at room temperature. The results of the test and the names of the mixtures are summarized in Table III below.
Wirkung von Jod und anderen Zusätzen auf Fleckenbildung, metallischen Kontakt und Reibung Grundöl .. Neutrales Mineralöl (100 SUS bei 37,8 0C)Effect of iodine and other additives on staining, metallic contact and friction Base oil .. Neutral mineral oil (100 SUS at 37.8 0 C)
metallischer
Kontaktpercent
more metallic
Contact
koeffizientFrictional
coefficient
O
P
Q
R
SN
O
P.
Q
R.
S.
Mineralöl+ 0,85% Jod
Mischung O + 1 % C18-C18-Olefinoxyd
Mischung O + 1 % Bariumsulfonat
Mischung N + 3 % Cd-naphthenat
Mischung R + 0,85% Jodneutral mineral oil
Mineral oil + 0.85% iodine
Mixture O + 1% C 18 -C 18 olefin oxide
Mixture O + 1% barium sulfonate
Mixture N + 3% Cd-naphthenate
Mixture R + 0.85% iodine
ja
nein
nein
nein
neinno
Yes
no
no
no
no
3
9
0
88
8485
3
9
0
88
84
0,004
0,002
0,002
0,090
0,0500.090
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.090
0.050
Wie aus der obigen Tabelle zu ersehen ist, beseitigten die Zusätze in der Jodmischung die dunklen Flecken vollständig.As can be seen from the table above, the additives in the iodine mixture removed the dark spots Completely.
Um die erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen zu bewerten, wurden die Mischungen D, E und F und I, J und K in einer SAE-Maschine und einem Shell-4-Kugel-E.P.-Test geprüft. Hierbei handelt es sich um in der Schmiermittelindustrie bekannte Prüfungen.In order to evaluate the preparations according to the invention, the mixtures D, E and F and I, J, and K in a SAE machine and a Shell 4-ball E.P. test checked. These are tests known in the lubricant industry.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfungen sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle IV zusammengefaßt.The results of these tests are summarized in Table IV below.
Extremdruckeigenschaften
von Jod enthaltenden MineralölenExtreme pressure properties
mineral oils containing iodine
punktSweat
Point
kapazitätLoad
capacity
punktFeeding
Point
stehenden Metalle beide Aluminium waren. Die Prüfung wurde über einen Belastungsbereich von 240, 960 und 4000 g durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle V angegeben. standing metals were both aluminum. The test was carried out over a load range of 240, 960 and 4000 g carried out. The results of this test are given in Table V below.
Wirkung von Jod auf die SchmierungEffect of iodine on lubrication
von Aluminium-auf-Aluminiumfrom aluminum-on-aluminum
Grundöl WeißölBase oil white oil
Zeit 32 MinutenTime 32 minutes
Kugel-auf-Zylinder-Prüfungen bei 240 UpMBall-on-cylinder tests at 240 rpm
gload
G
im Öl1) H
in the oil 1 )
metallischer
Kontaktpercent
more metallic
Contact
koeffizientFrictional
coefficient
schramme
mmwear and tear
scratch
mm
960
50 4000 45 240
960
50 4000
ja
nein
ja
nein
jano
Yes
no
Yes
no
Yes
39
482)
92
86
8891
39
48 2 )
92
86
88
0,041
l,89a)
0,01
0,12
0,040.09
0.041
l, 89 a )
0.01
0.12
0.04
0,48
0,87
0,63
1,25
0,740.36
0.48
0.87
0.63
1.25
0.74
2) Bei dieser Prüfung trat Kratzen und Klappern auf (übermäßiges Stoßen erklärt wahrscheinlich den metallischen Kontakt von 48%). 2 ) Scratching and rattling occurred in this test (excessive bumping probably explains the 48% metallic contact).
x) Versagen in weniger als 5 Sekunden während des Einfahrens. x ) Failure in less than 5 seconds during break-in.
2) Prüfung bei dieser Belastung ohne Schweißen abgebrochen. 2 ) Test terminated at this load without welding.
Die Mischung J wurde in der Kugel-auf-Zylinder-Prüfung bewertet, wobei die miteinander in Berührung Die obigen Werte zeigen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen einen geringen Reibungskoeffizienten und eine geringe Abnutzung in einem Aluminium-auf-Aluminium-System ergeben.Mixture J was used in the ball-on-cylinder test evaluated, the in contact with each other. The above values show that the inventive Preparations have a low coefficient of friction and low wear in an aluminum-on-aluminum system result.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US170249A US3184409A (en) | 1962-01-31 | 1962-01-31 | Hydrocarbon compositions containing iodine as an antifriction agent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1273103B true DE1273103B (en) | 1968-07-18 |
Family
ID=22619155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEE29165A Pending DE1273103B (en) | 1962-01-31 | 1965-04-22 | Lubricating oil |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3184409A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1273103B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1446344A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1102030A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996020264A1 (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1996-07-04 | Genvol Corp. Esteblishment | Method of stabilising motor oil |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3228880A (en) * | 1962-06-12 | 1966-01-11 | Gen Electric | Lubricants containing charge transfer complexes of iodine and aromatic compounds |
US3493506A (en) * | 1966-10-27 | 1970-02-03 | Boeing Co | Metal working and metal cutting lubrication medium and process |
US3499839A (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1970-03-10 | Standard Oil Co | Amine-stabilized iodine-containing lubricants |
US4085056A (en) * | 1977-03-22 | 1978-04-18 | Bray Oil Co. Inc. | Inhibitor composition containing an oligomer oil |
DE3482123D1 (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1990-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | LUBRICANTS FOR METALLONING METAL AND METHOD FOR METALLONING. |
DE3540667C1 (en) * | 1985-11-16 | 1987-04-09 | Continental Gummi Werke Ag | Assembly paste for pneumatic vehicle tires |
JPH0672233B2 (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1994-09-14 | 日本工作油株式会社 | Oily lubricant for cold plastic working of metallic materials |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB189705256A (en) * | 1897-02-26 | 1897-11-27 | Friedrich Wilhelm Klever | A Method of Dissolving Iodine in Mineral Oils. |
GB503313A (en) * | 1939-01-06 | 1939-04-04 | Volkmar Klopfer | A process of stabilizing solutions of iodine and oil |
US2771348A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1956-11-20 | Standard Oil Co | Stabilized cracked petroleum fractions |
US3115467A (en) * | 1953-09-08 | 1963-12-24 | George H Denison | Method of inhibiting irradiation-induced viscosity increase of organic fluids |
-
1962
- 1962-01-31 US US170249A patent/US3184409A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-04-22 DE DEE29165A patent/DE1273103B/en active Pending
- 1965-04-26 GB GB17412/65A patent/GB1102030A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-04-28 FR FR15040A patent/FR1446344A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996020264A1 (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1996-07-04 | Genvol Corp. Esteblishment | Method of stabilising motor oil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1102030A (en) | 1968-02-07 |
US3184409A (en) | 1965-05-18 |
FR1446344A (en) | 1966-07-22 |
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