DE1240967B - Electron emitting electrode for thermionic converters - Google Patents
Electron emitting electrode for thermionic convertersInfo
- Publication number
- DE1240967B DE1240967B DEG37728A DEG0037728A DE1240967B DE 1240967 B DE1240967 B DE 1240967B DE G37728 A DEG37728 A DE G37728A DE G0037728 A DEG0037728 A DE G0037728A DE 1240967 B DE1240967 B DE 1240967B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- uranium carbide
- rhenium
- uranium
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000557769 Iodes Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHES WTWWS PATENTAMTGERMAN WTWWS PATENT OFFICE
AUSLEGESCHRIFT Deutsche Kl.: 21 b - 29/00EXPLORATION PAPER German class: 21b - 29/00
Nummer: 1240 967Number: 1240 967
Aktenzeichen: G 37728 VIII c/21 bFile number: G 37728 VIII c / 21 b
1 240 967 Anmeldetag: 11.Mai 19631 240 967 filing date: May 11, 1963
Auslegetag: 24. Mai 1967Opened on: May 24, 1967
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Elektronen emittierende Elektrode für thermionische Wandler in Form eines metall-keramischen Körpers, der Urancarbid enthält. The invention relates to an electron-emitting electrode for thermionic converters in the form of a metal-ceramic body containing uranium carbide.
Eine Ausbildungsart der thermionischen Wandler weist eine Edelgasplasmadiode auf, deren Elektronenemissionselement ein spaltbares Material umfaßt, so daß das Edelgasplasma durch Spaltproduktionisation erzeugt wird. Die Masse des spaltbaren Mate-One embodiment of the thermionic transducer has a noble gas plasma diode, the electron emission element of which comprises a fissile material so that the noble gas plasma by fission production is produced. The mass of the fissile material
Is in der Diode oder einer Kombination solcher •ioden kann hinreichend groß gemacht werden, um die Spaltungskettenreaktion aufrechtzuerhalten und idurch die Wärme für eine Umwandlung in elek-. Ische Energie zu erzeugen.Is in the diode or a combination of such • iodes can be made large enough to to maintain the cleavage chain reaction and by the heat for a conversion into elec- To generate energy.
Das Emissionsmaterial für eine derartige Einrichtung muß fähig sein, eine angemessene Elektronenzufuhr bei der Arbeitstemperatur zu bewirken, muß chemisch und mechanisch stabil sein und schließlich eine hohe Oberflächendichte an exponiertem spaltbarem Material haben.The emissive material for such a device must be capable of adequate electron delivery To effect at the working temperature must be chemically and mechanically stable and ultimately have a high surface density of exposed fissile material.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein Elektronen emittierendes Element für thermionische Wandler zu schaffen, das diese Kombination wesentlicher Merkmale in hohem Grad aufweist und sich so besonders für Edelgasplasmadioden der vorgenannten Art eignet.The object of the invention is to provide an electron-emitting element for thermionic converters to create that this combination of essential characteristics has a high degree and is so special suitable for noble gas plasma diodes of the aforementioned type.
Urancarbid hat zwei der für das Elektronenemissionselement wesentlichen Eigenschaften, nämlich die Fähigkeit, Elektronen zu liefern, und eine hohe Dichte von spaltbarem Material, weist jedoch selbst eine ungenügende mechanische Festigkeit auf, und da es sich um einen keramischen Stoff handelt, verträgt es starke Temperaturschwankungen schlecht.Uranium carbide has two of the properties essential to the electron emission element, viz the ability to donate electrons, and a high density of fissile material, however, exhibits itself insufficient mechanical strength, and since it is a ceramic material, tolerates there are sharp temperature fluctuations bad.
Ein Elektronenemissionselement, das die vorgenannten notwendigen Eigenschaften besitzt, kann durch eine Mischung von entsprechend ausgewählten Metallen mit Urancarbid zu einem »Cermet«, also einem metall-keramischen Erzeugnis, gebildet werden. Die Auswahl an Metallen ist dabei äußerst begrenzt, da Urancarbid bei hohen Temperaturen ziemlich chemisch aktiv ist. Das Metall darf jedoch weder bei der Herstellung noch während des Betriebs mit dem Urancarbid eine Wechselwirkung eingehen.An electron emission element having the aforementioned necessary properties can by mixing appropriately selected metals with uranium carbide to form a »cermet«, ie a metal-ceramic product. The choice of metals is extremely limited, because uranium carbide is quite chemically active at high temperatures. However, the metal must neither interact with the uranium carbide during production.
Bereits bekannt ist eine Mischung von Urancarbid und Zirkonium. Durch diese Zusammensetzung wird jedoch die Bedingung, bei Arbeitstemperatur eine angemessene Elektronenzufuhr zu bewirken, chemisch und mechanisch stabil zu sein und eine hohe Oberflächendichte an spaltbarem Material zu haben, nicht hinreichend erfüllt.A mixture of uranium carbide and zirconium is already known. Through this composition becomes however, the condition of causing an adequate supply of electrons at the working temperature is chemical and to be mechanically stable and to have a high surface density of fissile material, not sufficiently fulfilled.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Elektronen emittierende Elektrode für themionische Wandler gekennzeichnet
Elektronen emittierende Elektrode
für thermionische WandlerAccording to the invention, an electron-emitting electrode for thermionic converters is characterized as an electron-emitting electrode
for thermionic converters
Anmelder:Applicant:
General Motors Corporation,
Detroit, Mich. (V. St. A.)General Motors Corporation,
Detroit, me. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:Representative:
Dr. W. Müller-Bore und Dipl.-Ing. H. Gralfs,
Patentanwälte, Braunschweig, Am Bürgerpark 8Dr. W. Müller-Bore and Dipl.-Ing. H. Gralfs,
Patent attorneys, Braunschweig, Am Bürgerpark 8
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Robert Franklin Hill, Warren, Mich.;Robert Franklin Hill, Warren, Mich .;
Stan J. Paprocki,Stan J. Paprocki,
Donald Lee Keller, Columbus, Ohio (V. St. A.)Donald Lee Keller, Columbus, Ohio (V. St. A.)
Beanspruchte Priorität:Claimed priority:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 14. Mai 1962 (194 448) - -V. St. v. America May 14, 1962 (194 448) - -
durch einen Urancarbidgehalt von 10 bis 80 Volum a5 prozent und einen Gehalt von 90 bis 20 Volumprozent Rhenium, Wolfram oder einer Rhenium-Wolfram-Legierung. by a uranium carbide content of 10 to 80 volume a 5 percent and a content of 90 to 20 volume percent rhenium, tungsten or a rhenium-tungsten alloy.
Vorzugsweise enthält der metall-keramische Körper annähernd 80 Volumprozent Urancarbid und 20 Volumprozent Rhenium, Wolfram oder Rhenium-Wolfram-Legierung. The metal-ceramic body preferably contains approximately 80 percent by volume of uranium carbide and 20 percent by volume rhenium, tungsten or rhenium-tungsten alloy.
Vorzugsweise weist der metall-keramische Körper weiterhin eine Umhüllung aus Niob auf, und es ist eine dünne Trennschicht aus Rhenium, Wolfram oder Rhenium-Wolfram-Legierung zwischen dem Körper und der Umhüllung vorgesehen.The metal-ceramic body preferably furthermore has a coating made of niobium, and it is a thin separating layer of rhenium, tungsten or rhenium-tungsten alloy between the Body and the envelope provided.
Die Erfindung ist im nachstehenden an Hand der Zeichnung beispielsweise beschrieben und veranschaulicht. The invention is described and illustrated below with reference to the drawing, for example.
In der Zeichnung ist eine gemäß der Erfindung konstruierte Elektronen emittierende Elektrode im Aufriß geschnitten dargestellt; sie liegt in einer schematisch angedeuten Edelgasplasmadiode.In the drawing, an electron-emitting electrode constructed in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG Shown in section; it lies in a schematically indicated noble gas plasma diode.
Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte thermionische Umwandler umfaßt eine hermetisch abgedichtete Hülle 2, die mit einem Edelgas gefüllt ist und zwei elektrische Leiter 4 und 6 aufweist, die durch sie hindurchführen. Der obere Leiter 4 ist an einen Kollektor 8 angeschlossen, dem eine Kühleinrichtung zugeordnet ist. Diese Kühleinrichtung ist als eine Mehrzahl von Wärmeabstrahlrippen 10 dargestellt. Der untere elektrische Leiter 6 ist mit der ElektronenThe thermionic converter shown in the drawing comprises a hermetically sealed envelope 2 which is filled with an inert gas and has two electrical conductors 4 and 6 which pass through it. The upper conductor 4 is connected to a collector 8 to which a cooling device is assigned. This cooling device is shown as a plurality of heat radiation fins 10. The lower electrical conductor 6 is with the electrons
709 587/218709 587/218
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US194448A US3232717A (en) | 1962-05-14 | 1962-05-14 | Uranium monocarbide thermionic emitters |
US423403A US3243292A (en) | 1962-05-14 | 1964-11-05 | Method of making a thermionic device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1240967B true DE1240967B (en) | 1967-05-24 |
Family
ID=26890018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEG37728A Pending DE1240967B (en) | 1962-05-14 | 1963-05-11 | Electron emitting electrode for thermionic converters |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3243292A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1240967B (en) |
GB (1) | GB971531A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022112269A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | Quantum Technologies UG (haftungsbeschränkt) | Quantum computing stack for an NV center based quantum computer and PQC communication of quantum computers |
DE202023100401U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-02-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Deployable quantum computer with means to enable deployment |
DE202023101056U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-21 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Diamond chip for a mobile NV center quantum computer with a cryostat |
DE202023100801U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-29 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Rotating quantum computer based on NV centers for mobile applications |
WO2023170054A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Quantum computer system and method for operating a movable quantum computer |
DE102022004989A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Vehicle with a deployable quantum computer and associated, deployable quantum computer system with protection against transient disruptions in the energy supply |
DE102022105464A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Vehicle with a deployable quantum computer and associated deployable quantum computer system |
DE102024103202A1 (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2024-08-08 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Database-controlled gate control of a quantum computer based on NV centers and strongly and weakly coupled nuclear spins of neighboring atomic nuclei |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1282200B (en) * | 1964-07-03 | 1968-11-07 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Thermionic energy converter |
JP2748729B2 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1998-05-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | Method for producing impregnated cathode assembly |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3091581A (en) * | 1958-03-03 | 1963-05-28 | Martin Marietta Corp | Fissionable fuel capsules and method of manufacturing same |
US2943933A (en) * | 1959-05-21 | 1960-07-05 | Beryllium Corp | Method and apparatus for making isotropic propertied beryllium sheet |
US3168399A (en) * | 1960-05-11 | 1965-02-02 | Mitsubishi Atomic Power Ind | Method of producing circularly cylindrical members of material composed essentially of zirconium and/or niobium |
US3147362A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1964-09-01 | Smith Corp A O | Composite consumable electrode containing emissive compounds and method of manufacture |
US3184840A (en) * | 1962-08-01 | 1965-05-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Methods of making variegated stock |
-
1963
- 1963-05-09 GB GB18455/63A patent/GB971531A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-05-11 DE DEG37728A patent/DE1240967B/en active Pending
-
1964
- 1964-11-05 US US423403A patent/US3243292A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022112269A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | Quantum Technologies UG (haftungsbeschränkt) | Quantum computing stack for an NV center based quantum computer and PQC communication of quantum computers |
DE202023100401U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-02-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Deployable quantum computer with means to enable deployment |
DE202023101056U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-21 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Diamond chip for a mobile NV center quantum computer with a cryostat |
DE202023100801U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-29 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Rotating quantum computer based on NV centers for mobile applications |
DE202023100548U1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-04-04 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Gate control of a quantum computer is based on NV centers and nuclear spins of neighboring nuclei |
WO2023170054A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Quantum computer system and method for operating a movable quantum computer |
DE102023102766A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Gate control of a quantum computer is based on NV centers and nuclear spins of neighboring atomic nuclei |
DE102023100265A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Mobile quantum computer system executing quantum algorithms to increase sensor performance and accelerate sensor data processing |
DE102022004989A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Vehicle with a deployable quantum computer and associated, deployable quantum computer system with protection against transient disruptions in the energy supply |
DE102023105496A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Diamond chip for a mobile NV center quantum computer with a cryostat |
DE102022112677A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Vehicle with a deployable quantum computer and associated deployable quantum computer system |
DE102023102094A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Deployable quantum computer with means to enable deployability |
DE102023104158A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Rotatably mounted quantum computer based on NV centers for mobile applications |
DE102022105464A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Vehicle with a deployable quantum computer and associated deployable quantum computer system |
DE102024103202A1 (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2024-08-08 | Quantum Technologies Gmbh | Database-controlled gate control of a quantum computer based on NV centers and strongly and weakly coupled nuclear spins of neighboring atomic nuclei |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3243292A (en) | 1966-03-29 |
GB971531A (en) | 1964-09-30 |
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