DE1136862B - Printing device for data processing machines - Google Patents

Description

Printing devices for data processing machines, preferably for under the control of punch cards standing machines (tabulating machines) with rotating or vertically moving type carriers for printing numbers and letters are well known. The type carriers of these printing devices are divided into digit groups with the letter types assigned to the digit types. For the selection of the Letter types a combination key is required, for example with punched card controlled Printing devices with rotating type wheels is effective in such a way that the first Group of digits (normal hole zone) and then the letter type (over hole zone) within the Group of digits is determined. For reshaping the combination information for setting the type wheels Serve the type wheels assigned magnet-controlled setting mechanisms with selection control for the letter types that initially set the individual type wheels to the appropriate Monitor digits and then use the selection control to make a further partial rotation of the Arrange type wheels for the letter selection. For the setting of the type wheels it is of secondary importance Significance of whether the and Data to be printed are derived from punch cards or as pulses from a memory or totalizer will.

To increase the operating speed of such printing devices, the rest position the type carrier is dispensed with in a basic position and, for example, the surrounding type carrier with their number and letter types, which are divided into groups, from one print position into one moved others.

The object of the invention aims to improve the known printing devices, preferably for those with rotating type wheels with letter types divided into groups of digits and a setting unit with selection control for determining the group of digits and Selection of the letter types assigned to the group of digits.

The object of the invention primarily achieves an increase in the operating speed of the Printing process in which the rotating type wheels move from one printing position to a new one be moved. According to the invention this is achieved in that for the setting of the type wheels two memory known per se, e.g. B. Magnetic core memory, with one of the pressure points of the printing

Printing device
for data processing machines

Applicant:

International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. HE Böhmer, patent attorney,
Böblingen (Württ.), Sindelfinger Str. 66

Claimed priority:
France of November 17, 1959 (No. 810 358)

Christian Martin, Route de la Cagnes-sur-Mer,
Alpes-Maritimes (France),
has been named as the inventor

Device corresponding number of memory locations are provided, of which the first memory the Text to be printed in one line in a form corresponding to the selected combination code takes up and the second memory after taking over the information from the first memory the control the setting mechanisms for the continuous setting of the type wheels from one printing position to another by means of a comparison value calculated by an assigned arithmetic unit between the transferred Specification from the first memory and the previous one in the second memory Type wheel setting accepts the corresponding information.

Here, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the magnets the setting mechanisms for the type wheels from a number corresponding to the number of pressure points controlled by flip-flops, the setting of which depends on the impulses from the storage tank and activated the arithmetic unit as well as a scanning chain and other flip-flops Control circuits. They are also used to determine the letter types within a group of digits Depending on the combination key selected, the flip-flops assigned to the basic numerical values assigned further flip-flops, which according to their setting together with the

209 657/149

Basic values absorbing flip-flops with the assistance of a decryptor the desired Carry out the character wheel setting.

In the case of a printing device with vertically moving type carriers and two setting ors per type carrier Control systems with reverse gear is according to the invention their selection for the movement of the Type carrier determined by the sign of the comparison value determined in the calculator.

The subject matter of the invention is explained in the description with reference to drawings which a printing device with rotating type wheels was chosen as an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show in

Fig. 1 is a section through a point of the printing device,

Fig. 2 a type wheel,

Fig. 3 a and 3 b the circuit diagram and

4 and 5 show the timing of a printing process.

The printing device shown in Fig. 1 corresponds essentially to that by the IBM tabulating machine, Type 407, well-known printing mechanism and contains, in addition to the normal magnet-controlled number setting mechanism an additional selection control for letter printing.

The control magnets are of a known type and are effective either by attraction or by de-excitation. In the example described, magnets which become effective by de-excitation are used. Through a z. B. control exerted on the magnet 10, the armature 11 is released and the selection slide 12 is moved. This rod has different approaches 13 a, 13 b , etc., which interact with the associated armatures 11 and make it possible to arrange the control magnets one behind the other and next to one another. The printing device described comprises a total of one hundred and twenty magnets which are arranged in five rows of twenty-four magnets each. Instead of this arrangement, an arrangement with z. B. step six rows of twenty magnets each.

When moving the selector slide 12, the selector clutch wheel 14 is released, which is through Springs 15 is tensioned and is in operative connection with coupling pawls 16. When the As a result of the clutch wheel 14, the pawl 16 is brought into engagement with one of the grooves in the shaft 17, whereby the shaft 17 and the wheel 14 are briefly coupled to one another. The shaft 17 will driven at variable speed, which will be described in more detail.

The movement of the wheel 14 is transmitted to the intermediate wheel 18 and via this to the actual one Transfer type wheel 19.

The printing device works in such a way that the imprint takes place during the rotation of the type wheel. Several print controls are provided in order to increase the number of characters to be printed in accordance with the hole combinations used, for example. In the example explained, the pressure control can take place in accordance with the code used at four different times (N, 12, 11, 0) and thus enables four different characters to be printed with one setting of the clutch wheel 14.

The pressure control initially comprises a series of writing magnets 10, only a few of which are shown are. In the example chosen, these magnets are effective in de-energizing them. Furthermore is a second row of control magnets 20 is provided, which is similar to the magnets 10 by their Armature 21 act on a slide 22, which moves when released by the corresponding magnets 20 and thus the associated cam disk 23 is released. Under the train of the springs 24 takes place Coupling connection between pawl 25 and shaft 26 for driving the cam disk 23, which is a half turn. The cams of the disc press against the projection 27, so that the attached Type wheel executes a lifting movement to the right. This hub can become completely different Points in time take place depending on the point in time at which the control of the corresponding magnet 20 is done. Each of these points in time corresponds to a different position of the type wheel 19 and thus the imprint of another sign. During the lifting movement of the type wheel 19 to the right, this tends to known to rotate in a direction opposite to normal rotation, whereby the rotary movement of the type wheel is slowed down. At the same time the movement of the drive shaft 17 slowed down during the entire printing time, so that the airspeed of the Type wheel 19 is as low as possible and comes to a standstill during printing.

Fig. 2 shows an example of a type wheel constructed according to the IBM code with the corresponding Distribution of the type characters. This code applies to cards with twelve rows of holes showing the code numbers Wear 12 and 11 and 0 to 9. The numbers are through the rows of holes 0 to 9, the letters A to I through perforations 1 to 9 in connection with a perforation 12, the letters J to R. through holes 1 to 9 in connection with a hole 11 and the letters S to Z through Perforations 2 to 9 shown in connection with a perforation 0. The recording of special characters takes place with other combinations that are not explained in detail here.

The type wheel 19 is divided into twelve sections 1 to 12, specifically the numbers 1 to 9 correspond to the numbers, the printing of which the corresponding section allows. The zero is contained in section 10. Each sector is divided into four zones 0, 11, 12, N according to the punch card recording system used as an example. The arrow 38 shows the direction of rotation of the wheel.

The operation of the printing device according to FIG. 1 is most clearly shown in connection with the Diagram of FIG. 4, in which the IBM code is used as an example for the encryption and that indicates the times for the control of the magnets 10 or 20. The selected code offers forty-eight options, which correspond to the number of type symbols on the type wheel (Fig. 2).

The diagram (Fig. 4) is corresponding to the uniform rotation in three hundred and sixty index points divided up. The arrows 29 indicate the different points in time of the code at which Controls for the magnets 10 can occur. Depending on the point in time of this control, this leads Type wheel 19 (Fig. 1) from one to twelve twelfth of a revolution. Printing takes place at the end of the Rotational movement of the wheel 19, d. H. during the

the last twelfth of a rotation that the type wheel 19 must go through.

The arrows 30 (FIG. 4) also indicate the different times at which the magnets 20 are assigned Controls can take place. These times correspond to the selected IBM key the zone information for letter types. The actual printing process (i.e. the stroke movement of the type wheel 19 under the action of the cam 23) takes place later, depending on the point in time which the control of the magnets 20 takes place, as indicated by the arrows 31. The arrow 32 finally shows the stop position and end position of the type wheels. This stop is made by the Lever 33 (Fig. 1) under the action of a cam, not shown. The lever 33 causes the return the selection slide 12 in the area of the teeth 34 of the clutch wheel 14, so that this stopped will. According to the selected code, twelve teeth 34 are provided so that the wheel 14 in twelve different positions can be brought to a standstill. Since the wheel 14 with the type wheel 19 is in a fixed tooth connection, the type wheel 19 is also stopped.

The cam 23, like the wheel 14, is brought to a standstill under the action of the lever 35. Pawls 36, 37 are pawls that control the return movements of the wheels 14 or of the cam 23 counteract.

As already mentioned, the type wheel shown in FIG. 2, for example, can have twelve different types Positions are stopped, and that it moves when released by at least one twelfth one turn. If it z. B. is stopped at the beginning of section 2, one of the characters of the Section 2 can be printed by turning the type wheel to select one twelfth of a turn is moved on. In this case the type wheel is at the end of the printing process at the beginning of the Section 3. The imprint of a character in any sector results in the type wheel being attached to the At the beginning of the following section.

To control the type wheels, two memories 61, 62 must be used, each z. B. Have one hundred and twenty digits when there are one hundred and twenty character wheels. The first memory contains the text of the line to be printed with one hundred and twenty digits, while the second memory 62 denotes is assigned to the magnets 10 (Fig. 1) to be exercised controls. It can be any Act memory, e.g. B. those with magnetic cores. The type of recording can also be any. As an example of a type of recording, seven magnetic cores can be used per position:

Four cores that record binary according to the code 1, 2, 4, 8 and a total of sixteen combinations allow for the recording of digits.

Two cores that also record in binary format according to a conventional code ^ 4 and B to distinguish between digits and letters.

A core C that is used for testing purposes.

The sequence of processes from arrow 39 is analyzed with the aid of the diagram in FIG. 5. The memory 61 currently contains the text of the line to be printed, while memory 62 contains the information which are used to control the magnets 10 (Fig. 1). The latter will be during the cycle times designated by 40 between 10 and 220 ° effective. During the same time will be the magnets 20 (FIG. 1) are also controlled.

After the initiation of the controls for the magnets 10 and 20, the memories 61 and 62 are available are available for the preparation of the processes relating to the printing of the following line. This takes place in three time segments, which are designated in Fig. 5 with 41, 42, 43 and during which the following processes take place:

ίο a) Transfer of the content of memory 61 to Memory 62.

b) Transmission of the text of the next new line to be printed to memory 61.

c) Comparison of the contents of the memory 61 and 62 and derivation of the new information for the

the magnets 10 to be exercised controls.
First time segment: As already mentioned, after a sign of a corrected segment has been printed, the type wheel moves to the beginning of the next

ao section. If the controls exercised at time 40 are correct, the content of the Memory 61 for each position the section that has carried out a printing process, and therefore also the section at the beginning of which the standstill occurred (since this is the next). A transfer from memory 61 to memory 62 is only provided for rationalization purposes, so it is always the same Elements can be assigned the same functions. This is not an enforcement order, and it would be possible, without going beyond the scope of the invention, to proceed differently, i. h., while one of two revolutions of the memory 62 to display the state of the print wheels at the end of the previous cycle and memory 62 to define the new line to be printed.

Second time segment: Since the memory 61 is now available, it can in a manner known per se record the text of the new line to be printed.

Third time period: It is assumed that for a given print position the character that is currently has been printed, is a character of section 2 and that the new character to be printed to the following Section, d. H. Section 3, heard. In this case, the character wheel was used at the beginning of the Section 3 stopped. Within the printing process for a character in this section, the type wheel moves a twelfth of a turn. The difference 1 of the movement of section 2 according to section 3 defines the distance that the type wheel rotates for the following printing process (this distance is expressed in twelfths of a turn).

The same applies if the characters to be printed belong to sections 4, 5, 6 ... 11, 12. The difference 7 from section 2 to section 9 defines the distance that the character wheel for rotates the imprint of a character from section 9.

Control circuits FIGS. 3 a and 3 b: The magnetic core memory provided in the exemplary embodiment and the memory-to-memory transfer circuit are known per se. The description the control circuits are therefore used to calculate the route for setting the type wheel as well as the actual control of the type wheels and the pressure control. These operations are through the lines 44, 45 (Fig. 3 a)

positive voltages supplied via cams 46, 47, 48 as well as from the positive voltages which are alternately fed to the lines 49 and 50 at a relatively high frequency, effective.

The positive voltage fed to lines 44 and 45 is fed to unit 53 via mixer circuit 52 and line 51. The latter generates a single pulse of relatively short duration at its output 55, which sets the scanning chain 54 in motion. This can be of any known type and progresses from one stage to the next, but this progression is synchronized with the application of the line 49 with positive voltage pulses. The lines 56, 56a ... 56 «-l, 56η are switched over to a positive voltage and thus successively prepare the coincidence circuit 57 ... 57 n, 58 ... 58n, 59 ... 59«, 60 ... 60k before. The scan chain 54 is constructed to allow the scanning of as many locations in the memories 61 and 62 as the printing device has type wheels.

Since the memories are of a known type, they are in the circuit diagram only represented by block symbols. The connected lines 63 are used for recording their number of kernels used to represent a digit or a letter. The seven Lines 64 deliver read pulses.

The switching effects to be exerted on the magnets 10 take place under the control of the cam 47. Only the switching of the first point of the scanning chain 54 is described. The operation is carried out in two steps, each of which assumes a positive voltage on line 49 and line 50. Line 49 positive: Line 44 is also positive because cam 47 is closed. With this measure, the scanning chain 54 is first set in motion, whereby line 56 receives positive voltage. The coincidence circuit 65 is prepared at both inputs, therefore the line 66 has a positive voltage and thus ensures a double preparation of the coincidence circuit 57 and applies positive voltage to the line 67 , and depending on the nature of this indication, positive voltage will be applied to some of the lines 64. By branching off the line 66, the coincidence circuits 68 become effective, so that some of the lines 69 also receive positive voltage. These voltages are fed to the flip-flops 70 (FIG. 3 b) so that they are switched over and a positive voltage is applied to the lines 63/1, 63 B and 71.

Thus some of the coincidence circuits 72 become effective, which have a connection to the branch 66 with their second input, whereby it is ensured that a positive voltage is given to some of the lines 63-1, 2, 4, 8, C (FIG. 3a) and is stored again. All of these processes take place in a known manner. The flip-flops 70 switched over during these switching operations are not switched back again until the end of the following time segment.

Line 50 positive: Line 73 is positive so that coincidence circuits 58, 75 and 76 (Fig. 3 a) are prepared. The positive voltage in line 74 (FIG. 3 a) enables reading the first digit of the memory 62 causes. Depending on the information stored in this location, some of the lines 64 and 77 are positive, so that some of the flip-flops 78 (Fig. 3b) are toggled and positive voltage is applied to lines 79. These lines go to you Adding-subtracting work 80, which works according to the type wheel on the basis of the value "12" and via a parallel connection of the line 81 from the cam 47 (Fig. 3 a) is controlled to the

ίο Difference between the numerical specifications of the in the memories 61 and 62 contained information to calculate. If the numeric specification in memory 62 is equal to the value "2" (which indicates that the imprint just effected is a character of the Character wheel section 2 has affected and that the character wheel stopped at the beginning of section 3 is) and the numerical information in memory 61 corresponds to the value »3« (which indicates that the next print must relate to a character from section 3) represents the calculated difference 3-2 = 1 represents the distance by which the type wheel must be turned further, by the corresponding To bring about an imprint.

Lines 82 lead from the adder-subtracter to the coincidence circuits 76 and then to the lines 63 with the reference numerals 1 to C, that is to say to the lines which control the re-entry into the memory. The re-entered value in the first position of the memory 62 is therefore equal to "1" instead of equal to "2" as before. At the end of this re-entry, the flip-flops 70 and 78 (FIG. 3 b) are reset to their initial state. At the same time, the chain 54 is switched on for position 2 in order to repeat the switching operations as for the

second position of the memory 61 and 62 etc. to enable.

The magnets 10 are controlled by the cam 48 (FIG. 3 a), the twelve successive ones Emits pulses, as can be seen from FIG. Each pulse of the cam 48 corresponds to a specific one Position of the type wheels and a certain rotation of the same, takes place accordingly at first impulse a full turn, eleven twelfth of a turn with the second, ten twelfth of a turn Rotation at the third impulse, etc. Since on the one hand this rotation is known and on the other hand the im Storage 62 contained specification values are fixed, the point in time can be determined for each printing point if the type wheel corresponding to this point has to be controlled.

Accordingly, the first pulse of the cam 48 causes a control of the type wheels through which they to Execution of a full revolution, that is twelve twelfths of the rotary movement. All Type wheels, which correspond to the places in memory 62 in which the value indication »12« is recorded, must be controlled accordingly. If during re-entry all in memory 62 are systematically increased by one unit, for example all Values "11" equal "12", so that the next impulse from cam 48 causes the type wheels to be controlled are still those that correspond to 62 digits with the number "12" in the memory.

The cam 48 feeds the line 83, from which a first parallel connection to the mixing circuit 84, for Line 69-1 and leads to the flip-flop circuit 70, which is provided with the reference number 1. Hence this becomes

Toggle switch switched again when line 83 is positive. A second parallel connection of the line 83 leads to the adding-subtracting unit 80 and controls it for the addition. Each coming from the cam 48 pulse causes the start-up of the scan chain 54 and the complete detection of the memory 62. Depending on the queried location of the memory 62 specified value contained some of the flip-flops switch 78 so that at some of the lines 79 positive voltage is present . Each time a value is re-entered, the previous value is increased according to the method described above.

If the flip-flops 78-4 and 78-8 are toggled at the same time according to the value "12", the lines 79-4 and 79-8 are positive at the same time, which ensures a triple preparation of the coincidence circuit 85 and a positive voltage on line 86. This line leads to the coincidence circuits 60 to 60n, which each have the lines 56, 56-1 (not shown) ... 56 η as a second input. A positive voltage is thus applied to the flip-flops 87 to 87 η and all those of these flip-flops are switched over to which 62 digits in the memory correspond to the number 12. In connection with the impulses coming from the cam 88, the magnets 10 for controlling the type wheels are then addressed. By interposing coincidence circuits 90 , only those magnets 10 which correspond to the value “12” contained in memory 62 become effective. A little later, the flip-flops 87 are reset by the incoming pulses of the cam 89.

The control of the magnets 20 for the letter writing (zoning) takes place under the effect of the pulses supplied by the cam 46, which set the scanning chain 54 in motion and in particular control some of the toggle circuits 70 (FIG. 3 b). In particular, the flip-flops 70- / 1 and 70-B are either both in the idle state, or one is in the idle state and the other switched, or both are switched, depending on whether the value of a digit contained in the corresponding location of the memory 61 or corresponds to an alphabetic character. The different possible states of the two flip-flops A, B can be seen in the example for the imprint of the types of section 2 of a type wheel (Fig. 2):

50

A switched, B at rest Imprint of the alphabetical character »S«

A at rest, B switched Print of the alphabetical character »K«

A and B switched Print of the alpha

betic sign »Β«

A and B at rest

Imprint of the number symbol 2

For the printing of the letter types, a special control of the magnets 20 (see Fig. 1) is required each time. necessary, which is brought about as follows:

By connecting the lines 63/4 and 63 B (FIG. 3 b) in parallel with the lines 63 A and 63 B leading to the flip-flops 70/4, 70S , a decoder 97 is addressed, which receives pulses from the cams 94 and at its inputs 95 receives. The closing times of these cams are shown in FIG. The decoder 97 can be of any known type. It always sends a positive voltage to line 98 when the voltages of lines 63/4, 63 B and the voltages supplied by cams 94 and 95 match. Since the line 96 is then also positive (this line comes from the cam 46 in FIG. 3a), the line 99 also receives a positive voltage. This line leads to the coincidence circuits 59 to η (FIG. 3 a), each of which receives a parallel connection from the lines 56, 56-1 (not shown) ... 56 η from the scan chain 54 at its second input. As soon as the decoder 97 (FIG. 3 b) emits a positive voltage, a positive voltage is applied to the flip-flops 100 to 100 η required for the characters to be printed, whereby these flip-flops are switched over. Immediately thereafter, when the pulses are sent from the cam 91 via the coincidence circuits 93, similar to the magnets 10, the magnets 20 necessary for the character are addressed. A little later, pulses come from the cam 92, which reset all of the flip-flops 100 previously switched to their initial state.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Printing device for data processing machines with rotating type wheels, whose number and letter types are subdivided into groups of characters are selected by a magnetically controlled setting mechanism with a selection control for the letter types and in which the type wheels are moved for the printing process from one printing position to a new one, characterized that for setting the type wheels (19) are two per se known memory (61 and 62) are used with the pressure points corresponding number of memory locations, the first of which (61) the text to be printed receives a row for a combination key, and the second Memory (62) controls the setting mechanisms for the continuous setting of the type wheels from one printing position to another by means of a comparison value calculated by an assigned arithmetic unit (80) between the information taken from the first memory and the previous type in the second memory adopts the corresponding information. 2. Printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets (10, 20) of the setting mechanisms for the type wheels are controlled by a number of flip-flops (87 ... 87 η and 100 ... 100 n) corresponding to the number of printing points, whose setting depends on the pulses generated by cams (46, 47, 48) via the memory (61, 62) and the arithmetic unit (80) as well as a scanning chain (54) and other flip-flops (70, 77) activated control circuits. 3. Printing device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for the determination of the types within a group of digits, depending on the combination key selected, the flip-flops (70-1, 2, 4, 8) assigned to the basic digits, further flip-flops (70/4, 70 B) are assigned, 209 657/149 according to their setting together with the flip-flops that record the basic values monitor the final type setting with the assistance of a decoder (97). 4. Printing device according to claim 1 with vertically moving type carriers, in which for a double adjustment or control system with reversing gear is provided for the individual type bars is characterized in that their Selection for the movement of the type carrier in one direction or the other by the sign the comparison value determined in the calculator is determined. Documents considered: German Patent No. 874 081; Swiss Patent No. 235 393; U.S. Patent No. 2687 087. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings