DE1132279B - Petroleum-based heating oil - Google Patents

Description

1NTERNAT.KL. Clog

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

B 63454 IVc / 23 b

REGISTRATION DATE: JULY 29, 1961

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF
EDITORIAL: JUNE 28, 1962

The invention relates to petroleum-based heating oils, which contain a substantial proportion of residual heating oil. This type of heating oil can consist of one Residue obtained from a waxy crude oil can be produced. Usually it is necessary to dilute the residue with a gas oil to obtain a fuel oil whose viscosity complies with the regulations. Heating oils of this type can contain both waxy materials and asphaltenes and their pour points are often too high to be stored at low temperatures can be easily pumped. Some similar fuel oils made from naphthenic crude oils have does not have this disadvantage.

Many additives are known to lower the pour points of lubricating oils and waxy oils Gas oils have an effect, but these additives have no appreciable influence on the pour points of residual heating oils, probably because the latter contain asphaltenes, which are and gas oils are not available. Residual heating oils are much cheaper than lubricating oils and it is undesirable the price, for example by using an expensive additive or additive, which is expensive at the concentration used. The invention relates to heating oils that contain an additive that does not have the disadvantages mentioned.

The fuel oil according to the invention consists essentially of a small proportion of one in one Base oil dissolved additive. A chlorinated mineral wax is used as an additive, preferably Contains 2 to 60%, e.g. 4 to 20 percent by weight, of chlorine, and a heating oil is used as the base oil Petroleum base containing at least a substantial portion of a still residue.

A suitable chlorinated mineral wax is a chlorinated microcrystalline wax. A microcrystalline Wax is a petroleum wax that is produced by dewaxing a vacuum residue during the manufacture of a petroleum-based lubricating oil known as "Bright Stock" is obtained. The microcrystalline wax contains after the separation first a high proportion of oil, z. B. 20 weight percent. This wax will hereinafter referred to as "Bright Stock Gatsch". The oil content can be determined by recrystallization of the bright stock sludge be lowered from a solvent. This recrystallized wax is shown below referred to as "Bright Stock Gatsch recrystallized from solvents in one step". Both a Bright-stock satchel as well as a single-stage solvent recrystallized bright-stock-Gatsch petroleum-based heating oil

Applicant:

The British Petroleum Company Limited, London

Representative: Dr.-Ing. A. ν. Kreisler, patent attorney, Cologne 1, Deichmannhaus

Claimed priority: France of August 1, 1960 (No. 834 653)

Alfred Champagnat, Paris, has been named as the inventor

can be chlorinated and used to produce residual heating oils according to the invention. Other mineral waxes, ζ. B. waxes obtained from shale oils can be used for the production of residual heating oils can be used according to the invention. A chlorinated wax is preferably used, by reacting a mineral wax with elemental chlorine while irradiating the reaction mixture is made with ultraviolet light.

The fuel oil according to the invention preferably contains 0.05 to IVo, e.g. B. about 0.1 to 0.3 percent by weight, of the additive.

Petroleum-based residual heating oils usually contain about 20 to 80 percent by weight of the distillation residue, which is either a residue of the Vacuum distillation or atmospheric distillation can be. Sometimes there are mixtures of both Used residue types. It is also possible to use most petroleum hydrocarbons, ζ. Β. Residues from cracking and reforming processes, to take in the fuel oil, provided that viscosity and flash point of the final mixture comply with the regulations. Often the mixture only contains still bottoms and gas oil, with the exact composition the mixture depends on the crude oil, the type of processing, etc. However, the following are common Mixtures: a) About 50 percent by weight vacuum residue and about 50 percent by weight gas oil and b) about 70 weight percent atmospheric residue and about 30 weight percent gas oil. All these Residual heating oils produce satisfactory pour points if they are used as the base oil in heating oils in accordance with of the invention are used.

209 617/370

Some examples of fuel oils according to the invention are described below. All of these heating oils are made by adding chlorinated waxes made from the same mineral wax. This mineral wax is a single-stage, solvent-recrystallized bright-stock gossip from a Middle Eastern crude oil with the following key figures:

Melting point 8O ⁰ C

Kinematic toughness at

100 ⁰ C 18.9 cSt

Oil content 4.8 percent by weight

By adding 0.1 and 0.2 percent by weight respectively of each additive to this base oil, six mixed heating oils produced. The pour points of these heating oils are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Amount of additive

Additive with 4.75% C1
Additive with 11.4% Cl
Additive with 15% Cl

It contains about 15 percent by weight of normal paraf- 15 without additives fine and about 85 percent by weight branched and cyclic compounds. This wax is going through Chlorinated reaction with elemental chlorine, the reaction mixture being irradiated with ultraviolet light will. Three different reaction times are used to produce three additives:

Pour point, ⁰ C percent by weight 0.1 I 0.2

-12 -9 -12

-12 -18 -18

-3

Example 3

A mixture of 30% Gabon vacuum residue is used as the additional oil and 70% Gabon gas oil used. It has the following key figures:

Up to a chlorine content of

4.75% chlorinated wax, 11.4% chlorinated wax, 15% chlorinated wax.

Each of these products is used as an additive to manufacture used by three mixed heating oils.

example 1

A mixture of 53% of a vacuum residue from Sahara crude oil and 47% by weight is used as the base oil of a gas oil made from Middle Eastern crude oil. The base oil has the following key figures:

Density at 15 ° C 0.889

Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C .. 45.9 cSt

Sulfur content 0.9%

Asphaltene content 0.45%

Pour point -3 ⁰ C

By adding 0.1 and 0.2 percent by weight respectively of each additive to this base oil, six mixed heating oils produced. The pour points of these heating oils are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Density at 15 ° C 0.885

Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C .. 39.7 cSt

Sulfur content 0.70%

Asphaltene content 0.70%

Setting point +3 ⁰ C

Adding 0.1 and 0.2 percent by weight, respectively, of each additive to this base oil becomes six Mixed heating oils produced. The pour points of these heating oils are given in Table 3.

Table 3

Amount of additive

Additive with 4.75% Cl
Additive with 11.4% Cl
Additive with 15% Cl

Without additives

Pour point, ° C percent by weight 0.1 i 0.2

-3 -6 -3

-21 -18 -18

Amount of additive

Additive with 4.75% Cl
Additive with 4% Cl
Additive with 15% Cl

Without additives

Pour point, ⁰ C percent by weight 0.1 0.2

-12 -15 -21

-12 -18 -21

-3

Example 2

A mixture of 29.3 percent by weight Sahara vacuum residue and 22.1 percent by weight is used as the base oil Middle East vacuum residue and 48.6 weight percent Middle East gas oil used. It has the following Key figures:

Density at 15 ⁰ C 0.891

Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C .. 43.6 cSt

Sulfur content 1.43%

Asphaltene content 0.98%

Pour point -3 ° C

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Petroleum-based heating oil with a significant content, e.g. B. 20 to 80 percent by weight, a distillation residue and a small proportion of an additive dissolved therein, characterized in that it contains a chlorinated mineral wax as an additive. 2. Heating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the chlorinated mineral wax contains 2 to 60, in particular 4 to 20 percent by weight, chlorine and preferably in a concentration of 0.05 to I ¹⁰ Zo, in particular 0.1 to 0.3%, based on the total mixture. 3. Heating oil according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the chlorinated mineral wax from a microcrystalline wax, for example a bright stock satchel or a single-stage Bright Stock Gatsch recrystallized from solvents. 4. Heating oil according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that • that the chlorinated wax is through Implementation of a mineral wax with elemental chlorine obtained under the action of ultraviolet light has been.