DE1123684B - Verfahren zum Verfluessigen von Erdgas - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Verfluessigen von ErdgasInfo
- Publication number
- DE1123684B DE1123684B DEC16053A DEC0016053A DE1123684B DE 1123684 B DE1123684 B DE 1123684B DE C16053 A DEC16053 A DE C16053A DE C0016053 A DEC0016053 A DE C0016053A DE 1123684 B DE1123684 B DE 1123684B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- liquefied
- expanded
- line
- cooled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
- C10G5/06—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0354—Wood
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
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- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/20—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using solidification of components
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/80—Carbon dioxide
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Description
- Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas, welches unter Quellendruck und -temperatur steht, durch Entspannung.
- Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Erdgas, d. h. Gas, das hauptsächlich aus Methan, das etwas Kohlendioxyd, Butan, Propan und Wasser enthält, zu verflüssigen. Erdgas tritt aus gebohrten oder natürlichen Quellen im allgemeinen unter ziemlich hohem Druck aus, beispielsweise unter einem Druck von 175 atü.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren benutzt nun diesen hohen natürlichen Druck des Erdgases zur Verflüssigung und Reinigung des Gases auf wirtschaftliche Art und Weise, so daß fast keine zusätzliche Energie notwendig ist.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas, welches unter Quellendruck und -temperatur steht, besteht darin, daß das Gas in einer ersten Stufe entspannt wird, die dabei infolge der Temperatursenkung kondensierten Verunreinigungen abgeführt werden, das entspannte Gas das von der Quelle kommende Gas kühlt, das Gas sodann in einer zweiten Stufe weiter entspannt und dabei teilweise verflüssigt wird, worauf das verflüssigte Gas abgetrennt und das nicht verflüssigte Gas komprimiert und durch nicht verflüssigtes Gas gekühlt wird und anschließend das komprimierte und gekühlte Gas dem Kreislauf zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Entspannungsstufe zugeführt wird.
- Es ist also für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wesentlich, stufenweise vorzugehen, da der erstrebte Effekt bei einfacher Entspannung nicht in gleichem Maße erreicht wird.
- Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat große wirtschaftliche Bedeutung gewonnen. Erdgas wird heute in großem, sehr schnell zunehmendem Umfang verwendet. Ein wirtschaftlicher Transport ohne die Anlage kostspieliger Rohrleitungen ist nur dann möglich, wenn das Gas ohne oder mit möglichst geringem Kostenaufwand verflüssigt, also sein Raumbedarf auf einen Bruchteil verringert werden kann. Eine derartige Verflüssigung wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auf optimale Art und Weise erreicht.
- Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung wird das Gas in mindestens einer der Entspannungsstufen arbeitsleistend entspannt, weiterhin wird die gewonnene Arbeit zur Kompression des unverflüssigten Gases benutzt; schließlich kann zur Kompression des unverflüssigten Gases zusätzlich Gas arbeitsleistend entspannt werden.
- Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispieles mit Hilfe einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung stellt eine schematische Darstellung einer Verflüssigungsvorrichtung dar.
- Ein Rohr 2 führt Gas unter Druck vom Quellenkopf einer Gasquelle 1 zur beispielsweise schwimmenden Verflüssigungsanlage, die am Pier befestigt ist. 5 ist ein erster Wärmeaustauscher, 6 ein Druckreduzierventil in der Leitung 7, die Gas zum Separator 8 führt. Wasser und andere Kondensate werden aus dem Separator 8 durch die Leitung 9 abgeleitet. Durch Entspannung bei 6 gekühltes Gas gelangt durch die Leitung 10 zum Wärmeaustauscher 5, um dort Gas auf seinem Wege nach 6 zu kühlen. Die Leitung 11 führt das Gas sodann zum zweiten Wärmeaustausches 12, aus dem die Leitung 13 zum Kontaktkessel 14 für Amine führt. CO, und andere Verunreinigungen, die in 14 separiert werden, werden durch die Leitung 15 abgeschieden. Die Leitung 16 führt das Gas zum Trockenturm 17, wo das enthaltene Wasser entfernt wird, und die Leitung 18 führt zum Wärmeaustausches 12 zurück. Die Leitung 19 führt vom Wärmeaustausches 12 zum Turbo-Entspanner 20 auf der Welle 21. Die Leitung 22 führt von dem Entspanner 20 zum Separator 23. Verflüssigtes Gas wird über die Leitung 34 mittels der Pumpe 35 zum Tankschiff weitergeleitet. Noch nicht verflüssigtes Gas gelangt vom Separator 23 durch die Leitung 25 zum Vorkühler 26. Die Leitung 27 führt Gas von dort zur Kompressor-, Zwischenkühler- und Nachkühlervorrichtung 28. Die Leitung 29 leitet Gas von 28 nach 26, und die Leitung 30 führt zurück zur Leitung19 zum erneuten Umlauf mit Gas von der Quelle durch den Turbo-Entspanner 20.
- Die durch den Turbo-Entspanner 20 entwickelte Leistung reicht nicht aus, um die in 28 vorhandenen Kompressoren zu betreiben. Die zusätzliche Energie kann durch eine Dampfturbine 31 geliefert werden.
Station A B I C ` D E i F I G H I K Druck, kg/cm2 ..... . . . . 175,8 73,8 70,3 1,03 1,03 l,03 1,03 70,3 70,3 Temperatur, °C ......... -E-26,7 -17,8 -12,2 161,7 -161,7 -161,7 -E-22,8 -E-29,5 -70,6 Wärmeinhalt, Kcal/kg .. 185 1 180 185 103 i 10,6 132 226 ; 214 112 - Die Dampfturbine stellt ein beliebiges geeignetes Mittel zur Versorgung des Kompressors mit notwendiger zusätzlicher Kraft dar. Es können andere Antriebe gleich gut verwendet werden.
- Es kann z. B. Gas mit einem Quellen- oder Ausgangsdruck von 175 kg/cm2 zunächst auf etwa 70,3 kg/cm2 entspannt werden, wobei seine Temperatur fällt und die schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe in einer Separationsanlage entfernt werden. Es wird sodann zu einem Kontaktkessel für Amine und weiter zu einem Trockenturm geleitet, in dem C02, Wasser und andere unerwünschte Bestandteile entfernt werden. Das verbleibende Gas, hauptsächlich Methan, wird durch das erstmalig entspannte Gas vorgekühlt und sodann bei -12,2"C einem Mischventil zugeführt, wo es auf anderes Gas niedriger Temperatur trifft. Das Gemisch durchläuft einen Turbo-Entspanner, in dem es auf atmosphärischen Druck und die atmospärische Verflüssigungstemperatur von -161,7°C entspannt wird. Ein erheblicher Prozentsatz des Methans wird zur Flüssigkeit kondensiert und eine erhebliche Kraft durch den Turbo-Entspanner entwickelt.
- Für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung kann das nicht kondensierte Gas auf 70,3 kg/cm2 komprimiert werden, wenn keine örtliche Verwendung für dieses Niederdruckgas vorgesehen ist, und das kalte Gas kühlt dann vor der Kompression den komprimierten Brennstoff, um Dampf im Kessel 32 für die Versorgung der Turbine 31 zu erzeugen, wird aus 28 durch die Leitung 33 entnommen. Die Dampfleitungen sind nicht dargestellt.
- Geeignete Temperaturen und Drücke in dem System sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt, die sich auf die in der Zeichnung genannten Stationen A bis K beziehen Gasstrom auf etwa -70°C. Das vorgekühlte Gas von 70,3 kg/cm2 wird dem Mischventil oder einem anderen Entspanner zugeführt. Alle durch den Turbo-Entspanner entwickelte Leistung wird den Gaskompressoren zugeleitet. Der Gesamtanfall dieser Leistung jedoch ist geringer als der Gesamtleistungsbedarf für die Kompression. Diese zusätzliche Leistung kann durch eine Dampfturbine oder andere Kraftquelle erzeugt werden, die mit der gleichen Welle gekuppelt ist. Brennstoff zur Erzeugung dieser Leistung kann in einem geeigneten Kompressionsgrad entnommen werden. Etwa ein Sechstel der gesamten Kompressionsleistung wird durch den Turbo-Entspanner geliefert, der Rest wird durch die Dampfturbine erzeugt.
Claims (4)
- PATENTANSPRÜCHE: 1. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas, welches unter Quellendruck und -temperatur steht, durch Entspannung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas in einer ersten Stufe entspannt wird, die dabei infolge der Temperatursenkung kondensierten Verunreinigungen abgeführt werden, das entspannte Gas das von der Quelle kommende Gas kühlt, das Gas sodann in einer zweiten Stufe weiter entspannt und dabei teilweise verflüssigt wird, worauf das verflüssigte Gas abgetrennt und das nicht verflüssigte Gas komprimiert und durch nicht verflüssigtes Gas gekühlt wird und anschließend das komprimierte und gekühlte Gas dem Kreislauf zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Entspannungsstufe zugeführt wird.
- 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas in mindestens einer der Entspannungsstufen arbeitsleistend entspannt wird.
- 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewonnene Arbeit zur Kompression des unverflüssigten Gases benutzt wird.
- 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Kompression des unverflüssigten Gases zusätzlich Gas arbeitsleistend entspannt wird. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 679 145.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US428526A US2940268A (en) | 1954-05-10 | 1954-05-10 | Apparatus for transporting, storing and using natural gas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1123684B true DE1123684B (de) | 1962-02-15 |
Family
ID=23699252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEC16053A Pending DE1123684B (de) | 1954-05-10 | 1954-12-16 | Verfahren zum Verfluessigen von Erdgas |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2940268A (de) |
BE (1) | BE530808A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1123684B (de) |
FR (1) | FR1108798A (de) |
GB (1) | GB788173A (de) |
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GB1084295A (de) * | 1965-06-03 | 1900-01-01 | ||
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CH561620A5 (de) * | 1972-12-11 | 1975-05-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
GB1471404A (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1977-04-27 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Reliquefaction of boil-off gas |
GB1472533A (en) * | 1973-06-27 | 1977-05-04 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Reliquefaction of boil-off gas from a ships cargo of liquefied natural gas |
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US4987932A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-01-29 | Pierson Robert M | Process and apparatus for rapidly filling a pressure vessel with gas |
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US5211021A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1993-05-18 | Pierson Robert M | Apparatus for rapidly filling pressure vessels with gas |
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TW396253B (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 2000-07-01 | Exxon Production Research Co | Improved system for processing, storing, and transporting liquefied natural gas |
FR2767317B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-09-10 | Air Liquide | Procede de conversion d'un debit contenant des hydrocarbures par oxydation partielle |
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US6584781B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2003-07-01 | Enersea Transport, Llc | Methods and apparatus for compressed gas |
US6994104B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2006-02-07 | Enersea Transport, Llc | Modular system for storing gas cylinders |
US6546739B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-04-15 | Exmar Offshore Company | Method and apparatus for offshore LNG regasification |
AU2002365596B2 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2007-08-02 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | CNG fuel storage and delivery systems for natural gas powered vehicles |
US6852175B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2005-02-08 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | High strength marine structures |
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BR0214799B1 (pt) * | 2001-12-14 | 2011-11-16 | instalação flutuante para tratamento de hidrocarbonetos. | |
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US7147124B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2006-12-12 | Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company | Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers |
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AU2007295937A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Woodside Energy Limited | Boil off gas management during ship-to-ship transfer of LNG |
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US20110030391A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Woodside Energy Limited | Mechanical Defrosting During Continuous Regasification of a Cryogenic Fluid Using Ambient Air |
PH12012502068A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2016-09-23 | Excelerate Energy Lp | Systems and methods for treatment of lng cargo tanks |
AU2012216352B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2015-02-12 | Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd | Modular LNG production facility |
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US10710693B2 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2020-07-14 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Fuel tank arrangement of a marine vessel and method of operating a tank container of a marine vessel |
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CN106705569A (zh) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | 一种容积式压缩膨胀制冷的可燃气体液化装置及使用方法 |
SG11201913136XA (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-01-30 | Global Lng Services As | Large scale coastal liquefaction |
DE102017118951B4 (de) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-11-14 | Arianegroup Gmbh | Kühlung einer Abdampfung von Flüssiggas zum Antrieb von Maschinen, Anlagen oder Fahrzeugen |
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US2550886A (en) * | 1947-02-12 | 1951-05-01 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | System for conserving liquefied gases |
US2689461A (en) * | 1948-07-16 | 1954-09-21 | N A Hardin | Method and apparatus for the storage, refrigeration, and transportation of volatile liquids and other fluids |
-
0
- BE BE530808D patent/BE530808A/xx unknown
-
1954
- 1954-05-10 US US428526A patent/US2940268A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1954-07-05 FR FR1108798D patent/FR1108798A/fr not_active Expired
- 1954-12-16 DE DEC16053A patent/DE1123684B/de active Pending
-
1955
- 1955-01-31 GB GB2834/55A patent/GB788173A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2679145A (en) * | 1951-12-08 | 1954-05-25 | Union Stock Yards & Transit Co | Regenerative method and apparatus for liquefying natural gas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US2940268A (en) | 1960-06-14 |
FR1108798A (fr) | 1956-01-17 |
GB788173A (en) | 1957-12-23 |
BE530808A (de) |
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