DE1058534B - Component for bridges, collapsible halls, armor or the like. - Google Patents

Description

Component for bridges, collapsible halls, armor or the like. The The invention relates to a component for bridges, collapsible halls, armaments Od. Like. That is designed as a square in the side view and at its four Corners by releasable fasteners, such as bolts or the like., With others both alongside as well as above and / or below it arranged similar components or as Support formed end pieces is connected and in which at least the axes the openings which extend towards the straps for connection Take up connecting means serving components, through the intersection of the median lines the straps and end diagonals run.

There are known components that in the side view as isosceles Trapezoid are formed or have a rectangular shape in the side view. The former Components are only connected to one another in such a way that the top chords directly and the lower chords by means of variable length, such as turnbuckles, are interconnected, so that a structure made of such components can also be given a curved outline. Components of the second type are connected to each other as well as one above the other. Thereby are on top of each other arranged components placed one on top of the other and connected to one another by clamps.

With those designed as isosceles trapezoids in the side view Components run the axes of the openings, which are to be connected take up connecting means serving in the direction of the straps of structural elements, through the intersection of the center of gravity of the chords and end diagonals, while at the components forming a rectangle in the side view, the axes of the connection openings lie outside the intersection of the center of gravity of the chords and end diagonals.

The invention is based on the object of creating a component that are combined with the same or similar components to form structures can, which are able to bridge large spans and at the same time also proportionately to accommodate large payloads.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the upper chords and the lower chords are designed in cross section so that the chords are one above the other to be arranged components interlock like a tongue and groove.

It is advantageous if two components are arranged one above the other the median line of the upper chord of the lower structural element with the median line of the The lower chord of the component arranged above it coincides. This is true of both for isosceles trapezoids in the side view as well as in the side view Construction elements forming rectangles. When viewed from the side as isosceles trapezoids formed components with variable length connecting the lower chords It is recommended that the components arranged one above the other be different form long, in such a way that the distance between the axes of the connection openings of the lower chord of one or more adjacent components is the same as the Distance between the axes of the connection openings of the top chord of one or more underneath is arranged, side by side structural elements and only the upper chords of the upper components, as is the case with components that are only connected to one another known, immediately, the lower chords of the respective lower components, however, about To connect length-variable means, such as turnbuckles, indirectly articulated are. The upper chord of each structural element expediently points parallel to one another and faces one another or mutually inclined surfaces, between the equally inclined surfaces of the Grip the lower chord or parts of the lower chord of another component. The top belt however, each component can also be facing away from one another, parallel or against one another have inclined surfaces that of equally inclined surfaces of the lower chord or parts of the lower chord of another structural element are included. It is advantageous if the surfaces of the upper chord that encompass the lower chord or upper chord or parts thereof or lower chord of the component arranged below or above one via the Form a continuous recess over the entire length of the upper belt. The upper and lower straps can be made up of two spaced parallel pipes with closed, z. B. square, rectangular or trapezoidal ; em cross-section be educated. It is best to keep the 2 ear ends in the area where others can be connected to reinforce openings used for files.

It is also useful to use one strap, for example the top strap, each component consists of: white C-profiles; the open sides of which are facing each other, and connecting means arranged one on top of the other at a distance across the profiles to train, which are welded to the other belt, for example the inner belt Diagonal bars, e.g. B. Zohre od. Like. Are connected. The other strap, for example the lower chord, can then consist of a tenth open C-profile or else can also be formed from two L-profiles connected by fasteners. the Diagonal bars attached between the end diagonals, e.g. B. pipes or the like, each Sauelementes are advantageously arranged so that their longitudinal axes coincide with the longitudinal axes the corresponding diagonal bars of the structural elements above or below this structural element be on the same straight line. Further features of the invention emerge in the Description.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically shown. It shows Fig.l a component with in the side view: rapez-shaped Outline shape and connection points for laterally, below or above to be connected Structural elements of similar outline shape, Figure 2 is a side view of a structural element; leicher Outline shape like that of the component according to Fig. 1, the side or from below Component laugh Fig. 1 can be connected.

Fig.3 is a side view of a component, the side or from can be connected below to the component according to FIG. 2, FIG. 4 a partial plan view on the left end of a component according to FIGS. 1 to 3, for example ies Component according to Fig. 1, seen in the direction of arrow IV, Fig. 5 is a partial plan view on the right end of a component according to FIGS. 1 to 3, for example 3es Component according to FIG. 1, seen in the direction of arrow V, FIG. 6 is a partial side view a structure composed of several structural elements, FIG. 7 a partial plan view to a connection point z-white components in the direction of arrow VII in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 a section through the point of engagement of the yurt of two arranged one above the other Components according to FIG. 6, sectioned in plane VIII-VIII, FIG. 9 a section by a further embodiment of the point of engagement of the straps two on top of each other arranged components at a section plane VIII-VIII of FIG. 6 corresponding 10 another embodiment of the point of engagement of the straps of two Components arranged one above the other, FIG. 11 a front view of the upper chord of a component with an inserted running board, FIG. 12 is a front view of a Component whose diagonals are arranged transversely to the direction of extension of the straps There are corrugated iron strips, Fig. 13 is a section through the diagonal according to Fig. 12 in plane III-1III, FIG. 14 shows a partial side view of two connected one above the other Components, FIG. 15 is a front view of the components arranged one above the other according to Fig. 1-1. 16 shows a front view of the point of engagement of two one above the other arranged components, the straps of which are made from tubes which are approximately rectangular in cross-section 17 is a front view of the engagement point of two superposed Components whose belts consist of tubes with a trapezoidal cross-section, Fig. 18 shows a side view of one of several components having different lengths composite structure with two or three superimposed structural elements, 19 is a side view of another of several different lengths Structural elements composed of structural elements, FIG. 20 shows a side view of one of several structure formed with structural elements connected to one another and one above the other parts protruding beyond the support, FIG. 21 a side view of a supporting structure of several components connected to one another, its inclined ones upper parts are self-supporting, Fig. 22 is a side view of one of various Structural elements formed with lengths that are attached to each other and on top of each other are connected.

The top chord of each component, its cross-sectional shape is different can be designed (Fig. 8 to 10, 15 to 17), is with the lower chord, whose Ou section can also have different shapes, connected by diagonal bars 3, which can consist of pipes, for example. At each end of the upper chords 1, 1 ', 1 "and the lower chords 2, 2 ', 2" in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 3 two parallel tabs 4, 5 and 6, 7, for example by welding. The tabs 4 at one end of the top belt 1 are on the upper chord bars l a, and 1 b arranged on the outside, while the tabs 5, 6, 7 at the other end of the upper chord and the two ends of the lower chord on the inner surfaces the upper and lower chord bars are attached, preferably welded on (Fig. 5). The end diagonal bars 3, the center of gravity of which coincides with the system lines 8, are via the tabs 4, 5, 6, 7 connecting angle plates 9 and 10 to the upper chord or lower chord connected. The other diagonal bars are in the area of the tabs Otherwise attached directly to the upper and lower chord bars via the angle plates 10. The two adjacent upper chord bars are frictionally engaged by tubes 11 tied together.

The tabs 4 and 5 of the upper chord have a bore 12, while the tabs 6 and 7 have two bores 13, 14 and 15, 16, respectively. The bores 12 are used to connect abutting components of the same or different length in the area of the upper chord, the bores 14 and 16 for connecting the upper chord or chords of one or more components to be arranged under the corresponding lower chord, as they are, for. B. Fig. 2 shows. In this component, too, the tabs 4 ″ are fastened on the outside of the upper flange 1 ', the tabs 5', 6 ', 7' on the inside of the upper and lower flange, so that e: for connecting the components according to FIGS 2 it is only necessary to ensure that the axes of the bores 14 and 16 have the same distance as the axes of the bores 12 'so that the two straps of the stacked components can be united by inserting bolts, not shown Bores 14 'and 16' from each other, for example, equal to 2f, the distance between the bores 12 'of the associated upper chord and the distance between the bores 14, 16 of the lower chord of a component to be arranged above is equal to 3 f, and the distance between the bores 12 of the upper chord this component is equal to 4f.

In the same way you can follow the lower chord 2 'of the component Fig. 2 connect the upper chord 1 ″ of a component according to Fig.3. The lower chord 2 "of this component has tabs 6" and 7 ", which have only one hole 13" or 15 ", while tabs 6 'and 7' as well as tabs 6 and 7, respectively have two bores 13 'and 14' or 15 'and 16'. The distance between the holes 13 ", 15 "does not necessarily have to be equal to f. The lower chords 2, 2 'reach between the top chord bars 1 a and 1 b of the top chords 1 'and 1 "and are supported by at least one, but preferably two correspondingly designed sheet metal disks 17, which between the connection points are arranged on the tubes connecting the upper chord bars 11 from.

Should only two components according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with each other are arranged and are further components on both sides of these components connected, the lower chords of components connected to each other must be connected to each other be connected in a tensile and compression-proof manner. In the assumed case one would be the per se known connecting means, such as turnbuckles, use the means by the Bores 13 'and 15' of inserted bolts connect the components according to Figure 2. Are three components according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 arranged one above the other, so one would the lower chords of components connected to one another by connecting means Connect positively, which is attached to the belts by means of the bores 13 "and 15" are.

The exemplary embodiment serves to explain these explanations according to Fig. 6. In this two components according to FIGS. 2 and 3 are one above the other connected, and the component of Fig. 2 is with a same component connected in the area of the upper chord. The lower chord 2 'is on the upper chord 1 "of the The component arranged underneath is fastened by bolts 18 and 19. The two Tabs 4 'of the top chord 1' encompass the tabs 5 'of the top chord connected to the left 1 'of the adjacent component, which is also designed, for example, as an end component can be. A bolt 20 is inserted through the four brackets 4 'and 5' and connects thus the upper chords of the two structural elements. The lower chord 2 "is attached to the lower chord 2 'of the component which is adjacent to the component arranged above the lower flange 2 ″ is connected by an adjustable clamping screw 21. For this purpose, the both ends of the clamping screw bolts 22 and 23 inserted through the holes 15 'and 13 "of the tabs 7' and 6" respectively. The hole 16 'of the tab 7' of the left Component is therefore not required in this case.

The partial encompassing of the lower chord of a structural element by the upper chord of an underlying structural element according to the embodiment of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. B. The lower chord 2 'consists of a C-profile which is open at the bottom. The sheet metal disks 17 are welded to the web of the C-profile and to both ends of the flanges of the C-profile. They partially encompass the connecting pipes 11 of the upper flange of the structural element arranged below. The upper flange 1 "consists of two C-sections 1 a and 1 b, the open sides facing each other and positively connected via connecting pipes. 11 The two facing surfaces 37,38 of the flanges of the C-sections 1 a and 1 b comprise partially the opposite surfaces 39, 40 of the flanges of the C-profile of the lower chord 2 '. The diagonals 3 of the structural element arranged below are connected to the two C-profiles 1a and 1b of the upper chord 1 "by welding.

As FIG. 9 shows, the lower chord 2 'can also be formed from L-profiles be, in which the mutually facing inner surfaces 41, 42 on each other faces 43, 44 facing away from the upper flange of the component arranged below forming C-profiles 1 b and 1 a. In this case you have to use the L-profiles 41, 4.2 by pipes 45, angles, sheets or the like. Connect to one another, while the C-profiles I a and 1 b connected by tubes 11 according to the embodiment of FIG are.

Another training option for the interlocking of the lower chord and the upper chord can be seen from FIG. In this case the upper flange surfaces are located 46 and 47 of the upper chord with the surface 48 of the web of the downwardly open C-profile of the lower chord of the upper structural element in one plane. The bent ones Parts of the flanges of the C-profiles of the top flange are then not - as in the previous one Embodiments described - the same length.

Between the C-profiles 1 a and 1 b, whose mutually facing surfaces 37, 38 form a kind of recess, one can - as FIG. 11 shows - insert running piles 49 which rest on the connecting pipes 11 so that the upper flange of the structural elements above is accessible. Instead of diagonals 3 consisting of pipes, corrugated iron strips 50 can also be attached to the upper chord bars 1 a and 1 b and the connecting pipes 11 on the one hand and the downwardly open C-profile of the associated lower chord on the other hand (FIGS. 12 and 13). The use of corrugated iron strips has the advantage that they can be manufactured more cheaply than rigid pipes.

In FIGS. 14 and 15, a connection is next to one another and one above the other arranged components shown in which the lower chords or their tabs only need to have a hole. The upper chords 69 and 70 of the superposed Components consist of two parallel to each other, connected by tubes 71 Belt bars made of tubes 72, 73 with a rectangular cross-section. At both ends of the Upper chord rods and the two ends of each also made of a tube with a rectangular Cross-section of the existing lower chords 74 and 74 'are tabs 75, 76 and 75', 76 ' attached. These tabs are arranged in the same way as the tabs 4, 5, 6, 7 in the Fig. 1 to 3 and connected to one another in the same way by metal sheets. The lower strap tabs 76 and 76 ', however, only have one in the middle at the intersection of the system lines of the lower chord and diagonally arranged hole. To the angle plates that are attached to the flaps of the top chord are attached, and to the flat metal sheets that form the tabs of the associated lower chord connect, as well as to the surfaces of the triangular cross-section having connecting pipes 71 the diagonal bars 3 are welded on.

Components arranged one above the other are united in that the two tabs of the lower chord with the associated tabs of the underneath arranged and the upper chord encompassing the lower chord are connected by a bolt 77, which at the same time the tubes 72, 73 of the upper chord and the tube 74 of the corresponding Penetrates the lower chord.

Of course you can also leave out the tabs 75, 76 or 75 ', 76' the lower chord with the upper chord of the component arranged below Connect directly if you connect at the two ends of each lower chord or upper chord each provides a hole and the belt bars in the area of the holes through washers 78, 79 or 80, 81 reinforced. The connection of the upper chord form the tubes with each other Corresponding tubes can be produced by the tubes 71.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 14, the upper chord and lower chord bars have an approximately rectangular cross-section, so that a lower chord in the upper chord of a is used below the component from above. If you educate against it the tubes of the lower and upper chord with a trapezoidal cross-section, like this As can be seen from FIG. 17, the lower chord must fit into the upper chord of the one below Component are inserted. Again, the bolt holes are in the belt bars reinforced by reinforcement rings 78 'to 81', especially when it comes to Light profiles.

How to get from components of the embodiments shown above Structural structures created are shown in FIGS. 18 to 22. 1 are formed with "A", components that are formed according to FIG are, with "B" and components that are designed according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG are marked with "C". You can of course also use corresponding components Use size and shape similar to those of the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 14 and 15 correspond. The end pieces of a structure made up of several structural elements are marked with "D". Clamping devices, regardless of their length, with "E". The examples show that one is able to construct structures of any length and height from building elements arranged side by side and on top of each other, if, apart from the end pieces, one has essentially the same structure, only three components of different lengths produced in a corresponding number for Has available.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Component for bridges, collapsible halls, armor or the like, which is designed as a square in the side view and at its four corners by releasable connecting means, such as bolts or the like .. with others both next to and above and / or similar structural elements arranged under it or end pieces designed as supports and in which at least the axes of the openings, which receive the connecting means serving to connect the structural elements extending in the direction of the straps, run through the intersection of the center lines of the straps and end diagonals, characterized in that that the upper chords (1) and the lower chords (2) are designed in cross section so that the chords of components to be arranged one above the other interlock like a tongue and groove. z. Structural elements according to claim 1, characterized in that when two structural elements are arranged one above the other, the center of gravity of the upper chord (69, 70) of the lower structural element coincides with the center of gravity of the lower chord (74, 74 ') of the structural element arranged above (Figs. 14 to 17). 3. In the side view, constructed as isosceles trapezoids, components according to claim 1 or 2 with variable-length means connecting the lower chords, characterized in that the superposed components have different lengths, in such a way that the distance between the axes of the connection openings (14, 16 and 14 '16') of the lower flange (2, 2 ') of one or more adjacent components is equal to the distance between the axes of the connection openings (12, 12') of the upper flange (1, 1 ') of one or more adjacent components arranged below and that only the upper chords (1 ') of the upper structural elements, as is known in the case of only interconnected structural elements, are directly connected, whereas the lower chords (2 ") of the respective lower structural elements are indirectly articulated by means of variable length, such as turnbuckles (21) (Figs. 1 to 3 and 6) 4. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that indicates that the top chord of each structural element is facing one another, parallel or inclined to one another. Has surfaces (37, 38), between which equally inclined surfaces (39, 40) of the lower chord or parts of the lower chord of another component grip (FIGS. 8, 16 and 17). 5. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper flange of each component has mutually opposite, parallel or mutually inclined surfaces (43,44), which of equally inclined surfaces (41, 42) of the lower flange or parts of the lower chord of another component are included (Fig. 9). 6. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower chord or upper chord or parts thereof comprehensive surfaces of the upper chord or lower chord of the component arranged below or above form a recess extending over the entire length of the upper chord . 7. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper and lower chords each consist of two spaced parallel tubes (72, 73 and 74) with closed, z. B. square, rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section. B. Components according to claim 7, characterized in that the pipe ends are reinforced in the region of the openings used for connecting other parts. 9. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the one belt, for example the top belt, each component consists of two C-profiles (1 a, 1 b), the open sides of which face each other, and transversely to the profiles with spaced-apart connecting means and with the other belt, for example the lower belt, by welded diagonal bars, z. B. pipes (3) or the like. Is connected. 10. Components according to claim 9, characterized in that the other belt, for example the lower belt (2 '), consists of a downwardly open C-profile (Fig. 8 and 10). 11. Components according to claim 9, characterized in that the other chord, for example the lower chord, consists of two L-profiles connected by connecting means (45) (Fig. 9). 12. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the diagonal bars arranged between the end diagonals (3), for. B. tubes or the like., Each component are arranged so that their longitudinal axes with the longitudinal axes of the corresponding diagonal bars (3) of the components are above or below this component on the same straight line (Fig. 14). 13. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the openings of the upper and lower chords (1, 2) in tabs, tabs (4 to 7) or serving for connecting components, variable-length means or end pieces. Like. Are arranged, which are welded to the upper and lower chord profiles. 14. Components according to claim 13, characterized in that the tabs, tabs (4 to 7) or the like arranged at the same end of a belt (1, 2) are connected to one another via flat or angled profiles (9, 10). 15. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that each tab or tab (6, 7) of the lower flange (2) has two bores (13, 14 or 15, 16), of which the upper one (13 or 15) for connecting tension-resistant and compression-resistant length-adjustable tensioning devices, the lower one (14 or 16) for connecting top chords (1 ') of other components under the lower chord (2). 16. Components according to one or more of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that pipes (11) welded to these are provided as connecting means of the upper and lower chord profiles (1, 2). 17. Components according to claim 16, characterized in that at least the connecting pipes (71) of the upper chords (69, 70) have a triangular cross-section and one of the three outer surfaces is welded to the chord profile or profiles, the other two surfaces are welded to diagonal bars (3) ( Fig. 14). 18. Components according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the diagonals consist of corrugated iron strips (50) arranged transversely to the direction of extension of the belts (Figs. 12 and 13). Documents considered: German Patent No. 693 871; German utility model No. 1666 518; Austrian Patent No. 63,959; French Patent Nos. 807 217, 914 519; British Patent No. 630,405; U.S. Patent Nos. 1607,300, 2,329,906.