DE1050865B - Switch arrangement - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTER 1 050

ANMEtDETAG:

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF
EDITORIAL:

ISSUE OF
PATENT LETTER:

VKf JL UOU OUU

class 21c 42/03

INTERNAT. KL. H 02 C

JANUARY 31, 1956

FEBRUARY 19, 1959

DECEMBER 6, 1962

DIVERS FROM

EDITORIAL

(E 11888 VIII d / 21 c)

The invention relates to a switch arrangement in switching stations of networks for transport and for Distribution of electrical energy, the switching stations at least one group of busbars to which several, in particular multi-phase branches or lines (meshed Networks, radial networks, etc.) are connected.

In particular, the switch assemblies according to the invention in the forming, coupling and Isolation points of the networks circuits are carried out, both arbitrary circuits, especially for coupling the single or multiple busbars with the various lines or devices, such as transformers, expansion joints etc., as well as automatic circuits to switch off volatile or permanent faults.

The problems with operational circuits and with the elimination of volatile and permanent Malfunctions occur in the switching stations are generally caused by circuit breakers solved, which are in series on the various branches. These switches are not for normal Power designed, but must flow corresponding to the substantially higher, the short-circuit Be designed performance, which requires a considerable effort for the establishment of the switching stations.

This effort can be reduced considerably if a switch arrangement of the type mentioned above according to the invention is designed in such a way that on the one hand it protects against single or multi-phase Faults a multi-phase circuit breaker with high switching capacity, which between the busbars and earth is connected and under the influence of a particular on each phase separately acting protective device comes into action, and that the switch arrangement on the other hand at each branch or each line switching means has relatively low switching capacity, the the line in the event of operational switching or permanent malfunctions in conjunction with the circuit breaker switch off.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be seen in the fact that several switches are less Switching capacity arranged in series with the feeders together with their usual disconnectors and that the protective device is on the circuit breaker and one in series with it Disconnector acts.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention can be seen in the fact that the means for switching off individual branches or lines from a series disconnect switch arrangement arranged on the individual lines

Patented for:

Electricity de France, Service National,
Paris

Claimed priority:
France 3 February 1955

Leon Cabänes and Charles Dietsch, Paris,
have been named as inventors

switch and in a shunt to these lying Isolating switches exist, so that in the event of an operating circuit or a permanent fault, the circuit breaker acts as a series switch for the line in question.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the circuit breaker with Earth is connected via switching busbars, which are separated from the main busbars and connected to earth are connected via an earthing switch, which can be used in the event of operational switching or a permanent fault is open.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in that for elimination a fleeting fault in a line, the line

35. at both ends by simultaneously closing the two circuit breakers arranged at the ends is grounded and that in a switch arrangement with at least two groups of busbars between the two groups together with

Disconnectors an automatic circuit breaker is arranged, which is used in operating circuits or a Fault fulfills the same task as the usual circuit breakers in series.

Further details and advantages of the invention

emerge from the following description of several exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this shows

Fig. 1 zwisehen a single-pole circuit diagram of an arrangement of two switching stations with circuit breakers their busbars and earth according to the invention,

Fig. 2 also in a single-pole schematic representation with more details a switching station which is equipped with switching means according to FIG. 1,

209 726 / S78

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Fig. 3 in a three-pole circuit diagram, a switching station with two groups of busbars, the are provided with switching means according to the invention,

4 shows a circuit diagram corresponding to FIG. 3, but in which the same circuit breaker is used Groups of busbars is assigned,

FIG. 5 shows, schematically, the one assigned by two groups of busbars to a station and associated therewith Disconnector and circuit breaker formed arrangement according to another embodiment,

FIG. 6 shows, for part of the same circuit diagram, an interruption process in the event of a permanent fault, and FIG

7 is a single-pole circuit diagram of a switching station, the circuit breaker in series as well as one between busbars and earth having lying circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the invention.

To illustrate the principle of the invention, two switching stations I and II are shown in 'FIG. 1, which have two groups of busbars. A line L connects the bus bars. Different lines, such as L ₁ , L ₂ , are connected to each switching station and lead to other switching stations, not shown.

According to the invention, circuit breakers A or B with a high switching capacity are arranged between the busbars and earth, which are normally switched off, but which automatically come into operation in the event of a fault under the action of suitable protective devices to switch off the fault.

In the event of a fault, as shown at M for the line L , one of the circuit breakers or, preferably, both circuit breakers A and B , which are arranged at the ends of the line or the disturbed section, can be activated automatically.

In the following, the case is dealt with in which the circuit breakers A and B can also carry out the operational switching by means of changeover switches and / or disconnectors, i.e. they are no longer shunted to earth, but in series with the lines.

Fig. 2 shows a single switching station with its busbar / and the power or automatic switch I 'according to the invention. It is assumed that three lines L ₁ , L ₂ , L _{3 are connected} to the bus bars. The usual disconnectors SRS ₁ , SRS ₂ , SRS _{3 are} provided for the lines.

The circuit breaker Γ is connected on the one hand to the busbars / via a bridging disconnector SR and on the other hand to earth, preferably via switching busbars J _1n and an earthing disconnector ST .

The circuit breakers I 'are multi-phase, in a three-phase network so three-phase, but are single-phase, namely from the disturbed Phase, triggered.

During normal operation, as shown in dashed lines, the switches I ', SRS ₁ , SRS ₂ , SRS ₃ and ST are closed, while the isolating switch SR is open. The closing process of this switch is controlled by a protective device of any type, the z. B. has current transformers Ti and voltage transformers Tp , which interact with relays 1, 2, 3. The protective device triggers switches SR and I '.

Under the action of the protective device, the single circuit breaker I 'eliminates faults, at least fleeting interference, in a manner described below.

In the event of a continuous fault, the interfering current in the line changes immediately after the busbars have been short-circuited using the bypass switch SR. In the case of a volatile fault, this current becomes zero, whereas in the case of a continuous fault, a non-negligible part of this current remains. This can be used to display the continuous character of the fault and activate a special trip, not shown, which is switched on together with the disconnector SR . The relay prevents the immediate opening of the circuit breaker I 'and closes the bridging disconnector SRD of the faulty power supply unit.

_{Shunt disconnectors 57XO 1} J ₁₁ STSD ₂ , SRD ₃ are used for operating circuits, ie to connect the circuit breaker in series with one of the lines . In this case, the auxiliary or switching busbars J _{m are} separated from earth, ie the earthing disconnector ST is opened.

In this way you have the option of using a single circuit breaker to have both one To ensure protection against permanent and volatile errors as well as to carry out all normal operating circuits.

The various switching operations to be carried out are in particular the following:

a) Undervoltage in a circuit (idle or under load),

b) switching off a circuit,

c) Switching on a circuit either with a clutch operation or with a loop formation,

d) Switching a circuit from one busbar group to another (if there are several groups of busbars),

e) disconnection of a single-phase volatile earth fault,

f) Shutting down a volatile two- or three-phase fault,

g) Shutdown of a permanent earth fault, h) Shutdown of a permanent two- or three-phase Disturbance.

Process a) takes place by closing the disconnector SRS corresponding to the relevant circuit and the relevant busbars.

The process b) comprises the opening of the earthing switch St - the closing of the bridging disconnector SR of those busbars from which the relevant circuit is to be disconnected - the closing of the corresponding disconnector SRD so that the line with the busbars via the busbar / _m , the circuit breaker I 'and the circuit breaker SR is connected - the opening of the circuit breaker SRS, which can actually be opened because at this moment there is no longer any voltage at its contacts - opening of the circuit breaker I' ■ - opening of the corresponding circuit breaker SRD - opening of the circuit breaker SR - Finally, the switches I 'and ST are closed again, whereupon the initial state is restored.

It can be shown in the same way that the switching process c) after checking the synchronism of the power supply units to be coupled or to be connected to a loop by closing one of the

Disconnector sets SRS can make, which are connected in series in the circuit. According to a modification, the coupling or the loop formation can be carried out with the aid of the circuit breaker Γ.

¹ Likewise, switching process d) can be traced back to processes a) and b), as can be easily demonstrated.

The switching process e). takes place by closing the bypass circuit breaker SR of the busbar of the relevant phase, whereupon the circuit breaker I 'is opened immediately; These two 'switching operations are automatically controlled by the protective devices of the circuit in which the fault occurs (i.e. by relays 1, 2, 3) - automatic opening of the bypass circuit breaker of the, busbars - and closing of the circuit breaker Γ.

For process f), the same sequence of switching operations applies as above, but in the event of a two-phase fault the bridging disconnectors SR of the busbars corresponding to the two phases and, in the case of a three-phase fault, the three bridging disconnectors SR of the busbars.

For process g), ie for a malfunction recognized as permanent, the switching takes place as in process), but the disconnector SRS is also opened to disconnect the disrupted circuit.

In most cases, if the type of malfunction is not known, proceed as for a volatile malfunction for this process g), that is, proceed with the three circuits of process e) and then carry out the following circuits: automatic closing of the bridging disconnector SR of the faulty phase of the busbars with the help of the protective devices - Closing the bridging disconnector SRD of the faulty power supply unit and earthing using the earthing disconnector ST - - Opening the disconnector SRS connected in series of the faulty power supply unit - Opening the circuit breaker I '- Opening the bridging disconnector SR the busbars - closing of the circuit breaker I '(the line remains earthed in this case).

However, the total number of circuits can be reduced. The three circuits of process e) are not necessary if means are available which determine the permanent nature of the fault, prevent the immediate opening of the circuit breaker I 'and close the disconnector SRD.

As mentioned above, a non-negligible part of the current remains in the case of a permanent disturbance, which can be used to display the permanent nature of the disturbance. This current can be used to operate a special relay, not shown, which is switched on at the moment the disconnector SR closes. This relay prevents the immediate opening of the circuit breaker I 'and closes the bridging disconnector SRD of the faulty power supply unit. After that, only the last four of the above-mentioned circuits are carried out.

For process h), the same applies with regard to process g) as what was said above about process f) was said with regard to process e).

By means of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 or a corresponding arrangement, all in the Switching operations that occur in practice can be carried out with the help of a single circuit breaker on request will.

To facilitate understanding of the invention, FIGS. 3 and 4 show two three-pole circuit diagrams the same reference numbers.

Fig. 3 shows the general arrangement of a switching station with two busbar groups J ₁ , J ₂ and power supply units (two in the example shown), which can be connected as desired to one or the other of the busbar groups.

As FIG. 3 shows, the power or automatic switches I 'are multi-pole, namely three-pole in a three-phase network, but are single-pole controlled, e.g. B. with the help of contacts who can be triggered independently of each other in the corresponding phases (i.e. individually in the or the phases in which faults occur).

Fig. 4 shows a modification of the preceding circuit arrangement in which only a single circuit breaker is used for both busbar groups together. However, this latter solution can have the disadvantage compared to the previous one that operational switching cannot be carried out at the same time on power supply units which are connected to two busbar groups which are not synchronized and not otherwise coupled. The solution also requires certain interlocks for the automatic switching processes corresponding to the disconnection of simultaneous disturbances. An additional connection with disconnectors SRM is provided for the coupling and decoupling of the two busbar groups.

Numerous other modifications are of course possible which are based on the same general principle based on the use of a circuit breaker that is not connected in series with the outgoing lines is, but is shunted to the busbars or the lines to earth.

According to another embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, which relates to switching stations with at least two busbar groups Jα, J _B , a circuit breaker for coupling the busbar groups is provided in addition to the above circuit breakers. In certain cases this switch fulfills the same task as the usual series-connected circuit breakers, but automatically disconnects the two busbar groups in the event of a fault.

The above-mentioned circuit breakers, denoted here by Ιχ, Iß, are combined with disconnectors or short- circuiters SRA, SRB . These circuit breakers and disconnectors controlled by suitable protective relays can switch off temporary single-phase, two-phase or three-phase faults (whereby the circuit breakers, as mentioned above, are multi-pole switches with single-pole control, i.e. switches that can only be triggered in the phase or phases in which faults occur).

In addition, a circuit breaker D is connected between the two busbar groups J ^, Jg , which is also multi-pole and is controlled single-pole. The switch can optionally be located between disconnectors SD .

In addition, disconnectors are connected between the busbars and the lines L ₁ , L ₂ ... L _n so that you can use the circuit breaker D either for operational switching within the station or for the shutdown of continuous disturbances by operating the disconnector.

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: Any line, e.g. B; L ₁ (Fig. 5) after disconnectors S) and one between collective

Circuit breaker I _{D connected} to one or the other busbar and earth as desired

group by double disconnector SA ₁ , SB ₁ (for L ₁ ), shows.

SA ₂ , SB ₂ (for L ₂ ) etc. can be connected. It is this solution that makes the replacement of the in series with noting that one can also with every device connected to the 5 lines or transformers Lei busbars, e.g. B. a power switch unnecessary, the switching capacity of which can move as a result of transformer T (disconnector has become insufficient for the expansion of the network. SAT, SBT). These switches become more volatile for the shutdown

In FIG. 6, for example, it is shown what is going on _{replacing disturbances caused by the circuit breaker I 0} if a permanent disturbance occurs on the line L _n which is located between the busbars and earth. Assume that the line L _n is connected to the busbars J ₈ and has a sufficient switching capacity. connected, so that the disconnector SB _{n is} normally closed (dashed lines) by this solution, while the disconnector SA _n with circuit breakers with three-pole drive is normally open. The coupling of the switching capacity and the drive not circuit breaker D is also normally to be modernized, if it is concluded from the, so that there is a permanent connection between the automatic single-phase or three-phase reunion of the two busbar groups. switching on resulting advantages of the continuity of the

If there is a permanent disturbance on the line L _n during M operation and the increase in stability

occurs, protective relays initially cause the request to be kept closed.

ßung the disconnector SA _n and then immediately the 20 The solution finally made possible by application

opening of the disconnector SB _n . As you can see, the shunt is on existing, in series

then the circuit breaker D in series in the current- switched circuit breaker, the power supply units with a

running, which can be operated from the current source S ₀ to a higher voltage level, provided

the busbars J _B fed by it , to which this stage is not] / 3 times the original

Circuit breaker D, the busbars J _A and over 25 voltage exceeds. As mentioned below,

the circuit breaker SA _{n runs} to the line L _n . only need the new circuit breakers for

The circuit breaker D then opens and switches r ■, c · F ji.l 1 ■ j · 1 ^ ^.

,,. j. ^ö ..., _T. , _T , - times the voltage ■ $ = ■ and no longer the chained one

in the process, the disturbed line L _n from. ] / 3,

Of course, this assumes that the voltage E must be designed at the moment.

on the line L _n occurring disturbance all outgoing 30 which are switched to the production of the switching lines according to the invention on the busbar Jg , medium required disconnectors and automatic as z. B. for the transformer T in Fig. 6 represent switches are designed as follows: is set. If this is not the case, ie if the disconnectors are of the type with outgoing lines on the busbar J _A - faster opening and closing and high levels of inclusion, the switchover to the collective switching capacity must be done J _B take place automatically, before the above precedent to be large that they (without this being indispensable) gears to switch off the fault on the line L _n can interrupt the current which the circuit breaker D begins. if necessary in shunt with the poles of the

The circuit breaker D plays the same role as circuit breaker-switched charging resistors in operational circuits in which the isolating 40 flows through. (Adding such resistors to switch SA ₁ , SB ₁ etc. in a corresponding manner be ¹ - will be done in the proposed circuits by the. 'Presence of the bypass circuit breaker very - it can ultimately also facilitate the disconnection of a, as this facilitates the installation make use of special volatile fault using the liegenden- to ground separation switches unnecessary, which engage in all circuit breakers I ^ or I _8. in this 45 common by the added resistors erFall allowed namely the switch D, the separation will be conducive.)

of the two busbar groups, which means that the circuit breakers, which can have any type of short-circuiting of certain systems that are unknown to them, need, in particular, is avoided (especially transformers T dere if they are with the mentioned bridging high power, which over small impedances with 50 resistance (or a surge arrester) are connected to large energy sources). For this we will see, only for the simple voltage pre- • disconnection, it is sufficient to open the switch D, to be briefly seen, since they are connected in each case between before the phases of the busbars, with which phase and earth. This means e.g. B. the disturbed arrangement is connected through the power switch I _A or I _{ß are} grounded, taking into account the standardization of the voltages. 55 in France that these circuit breakers of the 220-

For the above description, the kV series for networks of 380 kV or the 10 kV

With regard to the circuit diagram of Fig. 2, provided that the series is sufficient for networks with 15 kV,

that the automatic, between busbars and This is an extremely important precaution in all cases

Earth-lying circuit breakers connected in series. As stated above, this can be used for the remodeling

are and are also used for the operational circuits 60 of existing systems, which with

can serve. operated at a higher voltage level

The case is now being investigated in which for them can.

normal operational circuits, but also in series, the structure of such power

Low circuit breakers are provided. switches are considerably simplified, as they are

In certain cases, however, it may expediently not be under tension, so that it be to maintain the series connection of the existing switching in contrast to the power stations lying in series and their circuit breakers switch dielectric only for a very short time to be assigned according to the invention. Are exposed to stresses, and because they are from the

A solution of this kind is shown in Fig. 7, the same reason as above only during the very short one

Series-connected circuit breakers I ₅ (with their 70 duration of the operating circuit, current flows through them

and are therefore not exposed to permanent heating.

The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:

1. In purely technical terms: the protective devices, both for the lines and for the busbars are simplified. The number of Material damage is caused by the sharp reduction in the number of circuit breakers in operation, which can cause disturbances is reduced.

2. With regard to the construction and operating costs, a considerable reduction in the construction costs when building a station with more than two outgoing lines (This saving occurs mainly as a result of the lower price of the switchgear one, which is only intended for a lower voltage and has fewer circuit breakers), also a significant reduction in maintenance costs as a result of the reduction in control procedures.

Even older stations whose circuit breakers have insufficient switching capacity and without any changes can not be used for automatic reclosing, according to the invention also rebuild in an economical way.

Claims (6)

Claims ·. 1. Switch arrangement in switching stations of networks for the transport and distribution of electrical energy, the switching stations having at least one group of busbars to which several, in particular multi-phase branches or lines (meshed networks, radial networks, etc.) are connected, characterized that the switch arrangement has, on the one hand, a multi-phase circuit breaker (Γ) with high switching capacity to protect against single or multi-phase interference, which is connected between the busbars (/) and earth and is under the influence of a protective device (Ti, Tp , 1, 2, 3) comes into operation, and that the switch arrangement, on the other hand, has switching means at each branch or each line with a relatively low switching capacity (S, SRS, SRD) which , in the event of operating circuits or permanent malfunctions in conjunction with the circuit breaker (I '), die Switch off the line. 2. Switch arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that several switches (I _s ; Fig. 7) low switching capacity are arranged together with their usual disconnectors (S) in series with the branches and that the protective device on the circuit breaker (I _D ) and a circuit breaker (5 "J?) in series with it acts. 3. Switch arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for switching off individual branches or lines from: on the individual lines arranged series disconnectors (SRS; Fig. 2 to 4) and in a 'shunt to these lying disconnectors (SRD) exist, so that in the event of an operating circuit or a permanent fault, the circuit breaker for the line concerned acts as a series switch. 4. Switch arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit breaker is connected to earth via switching busbars (/ _m ) which are separated from the main busbars (/) and connected to earth via an earthing switch (ST ; Fig. 2), which is at Operating circuits or in the event of a permanent fault. 5. Switch arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, in particular for transporting energy over long distances, characterized in that to eliminate a volatile disturbance in a line, the line at both ends by simultaneous closing of the two circuit breakers arranged at the ends (A, B ; Fig. 1) is grounded. 6. Switch arrangement according to claim 1 with at least two groups of busbars, characterized in that between the two groups (J _A , J _B ; Fig. 5 and 6) together with disconnectors (SD) an automatic circuit breaker (D) is arranged The usual switching measures for the coupling are permitted during normal operation and the two groups are separated in the event of a malfunction, so that only one busbar group is connected _{to earth through the relevant circuit breaker (I A} , Iß) , with a relay device for each phase of the additional coupling switch (D) causes the earthing circuit breaker (Ι _Λ , I _B ) to respond before actuating the same phase if a fault occurs in the same phase of a line connected to the busbar group. Documents considered: German Patent No. 737 824. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 809 750/377 2.59 (209 726 / Ϊ7Ϊ 11.62)