DE1041609B - Nuclear reactor with gas cooling - Google Patents
Nuclear reactor with gas coolingInfo
- Publication number
- DE1041609B DE1041609B DEB45731A DEB0045731A DE1041609B DE 1041609 B DE1041609 B DE 1041609B DE B45731 A DEB45731 A DE B45731A DE B0045731 A DEB0045731 A DE B0045731A DE 1041609 B DE1041609 B DE 1041609B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- nuclear reactor
- cooling
- gas
- gas cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/07—Pebble-bed reactors; Reactors with granular fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/28—Fuel elements with fissile or breeder material in solid form within a non-active casing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
Bei den üblicherweise verwendeten Reaktoren mit festen Spaltstoffen haben die Spaltstoffelemente vorzugsweise die Form von zylindrischen Stäben oder von Platten. Sie werden durch mechanische Hilfsmittel an einen bestimmten Ort der Reaktionszone gebracht, und nach Erschöpfung des Spaltstoffes werden diese Spaltstoffelemente mittels besonderer Schleusenvorrichtungen als Ganzes aus dem Reaktor entfernt. Eine kontinuierliche Erneuerung des Spaltstoffes ist also bei solchen Anlagen noch nicht durchführbar.In the commonly used reactors with solid fissile materials, the fissile material elements preferably have the shape of cylindrical rods or plates. You will be through mechanical aids brought to a certain place in the reaction zone, and after exhaustion of the fissile material these fissile material elements are removed from the reactor as a whole by means of special sluice devices removed. A continuous renewal of the fissile material is not yet in such systems feasible.
Reaktoren mit flüssigen Betriebsstoffen erfordern entweder die Lösung oder Suspension der Spalt- oder Brutstoffe in flüssigen Metallen oder in schwerem Wasser. Solche homogenen Reaktoren sind wegen der teueren Materialien, die bei ihrem Aufbau und Betrieb verwendet werden müssen, bis heute noch nicht wirtschaftlich ausnutzbar.Reactors with liquid operating materials require either the solution or suspension of the fission or Breeding material in liquid metals or in heavy water. Such homogeneous reactors are because of expensive materials that have to be used in their construction and operation, not to this day economically exploitable.
Zur Ermöglichung einer kontinuierlichen Erneuerung des festen Spaltstoffes und einer kontinuierliehen Entnahme des erschöpften Spaltstoffee ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, dem in chemischer Verbindung, Legierung oder Mischung vorliegenden Spaltstoff die Gestalt von kleinen Formkörpern, z. B. Kugeln, Zylindern, Hohlkugeln oder Hohlzylindern, zu geben. Ein mit solchem Schüttgut beschickter Reaktor kann mit Einrichtungen, z. B. Schütte!rosten, Schnecken od. dgl., versehen werden, die es ermöglichen, die kleinen Formkörper nach ihrer Erschöpfung an Spaltstoff wieder zu entfernen, wodurch eine kontinuierliche Entladung des Reaktors ermöglicht wird, bei der immer nur relativ kleine Mengen von radioaktiven Substanzen anfallen.To enable a continuous renewal of the solid fissile material and a continuous one Removal of the exhausted fissile material has already been proposed, which in chemical combination, Alloy or mixture present fissile material the shape of small shaped bodies, z. B. Spheres, cylinders, hollow spheres or hollow cylinders. A reactor charged with such bulk material can with facilities such. B. Schütte! Rust, Or snails of fissile material to be removed again, which enables continuous discharge of the reactor in which only relatively small amounts of radioactive substances are produced.
Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß die Leistung derartiger Reaktoren — es sind sowohl solche mit Gas- wie auch solche mit Flüssigkeitskühlung bekanntgeworden — stark schwankt. Hierfür sind als Ursache zwei Umstände erkannt worden. Durch das Kühlmittel wird nämlich die Reaktorfüllung mehr oder minder heftig hochgeschleudert, so daß der gegenseitige Abstand der Formkörper und damit der Wärmeübergang auf das Kühlmittel dauernd wechselt. Außerdem schwankt bei Gaskühlung der Druckabfall des Kühlgases in der Schüttung sehr erheblich und ist darüber hinaus im Durchschnitt so groß, daß die für das Kühlgas benötigte Umwälzleistung einen wesentlichen Teil der erzeugten elektrischen Bruttoleistung ausmacht.It has now been shown that the performance of such reactors - there are both those with gas as also those with liquid cooling become known - fluctuates strongly. There are two reasons for this Circumstances have been recognized. The reactor filling is namely more or less due to the coolant violently thrown up, so that the mutual distance between the moldings and thus the heat transfer constantly changes to the coolant. In addition, the pressure drop of the cooling gas fluctuates with gas cooling in the pouring is very considerable and, moreover, is so large on average that the for the Cooling gas required circulating power a substantial part of the generated gross electrical power matters.
Diese Mangel werden dadurch behoben, daß den gleichartig gestalteten Formkörpern erfindungsgemäß eine solche Größe und Gestalt gegeben wird, z. B. Kugeln mit einem Mindestdurchmesser von 3 cm oder Zylinder mit einer Mindesthöhe und einem Mindestdurchmesser von 3 cm, so daß diese während des Atomkernreaktor niit GaskühlungThese deficiencies are remedied by the fact that the shaped bodies of the same design according to the invention such a size and shape is given, e.g. B. balls with a minimum diameter of 3 cm or Cylinders with a minimum height and a minimum diameter of 3 cm so that they can be used during the Nuclear reactor with gas cooling
Anmelder:Applicant:
Brown, Boveri & Cie. Aktiengesellschaft, Mannheim-Käfertal, Boveristr. 22Brown, Boveri & Cie. Aktiengesellschaft, Mannheim-Käfertal, Boveristr. 22nd
Dr. Rudolf Schulten, Mannheim,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDr. Rudolf Schulten, Mannheim,
has been named as the inventor
Durchströmens des Kühlgases durch die Schüttung im wesentlichen in Ruhe bleiben, daß der Druckabfall des Kühlgases in der Schüttung definiert, konstant und so gering ist, daß die für das Kühlgas aufzuwendende Umwälzleistung weniger als 30% der erzeugten elektrischen Bruttoleistung beträgt.The flow of the cooling gas through the bed essentially remains at rest that the pressure drop of the cooling gas in the bed is defined, constant and so low that the amount to be expended for the cooling gas Circulation capacity is less than 30% of the generated gross electrical output.
Handelt es sich dabei um einen Brutreaktor, so ist es zweckmäßig, den Brutstoffelementen die gleiche Form und Abmessungen zu geben wie den Spaltstoffelementen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die bestrahlten Elemente, in denen Spaltstoff erzeugt wurde, sogleich als Spaltstoffelemente im gleichen Reaktor weiterzuverwenden; erschöpfte Spaltstoffelemente werden in bekannter Weise kontinuierlich durch geeignete Vorrichtungen dem Reaktor an seiner Unterseite entnommen.If it is a breeding reactor, it is useful to have the same elements as the breeding material To give shape and dimensions like the fissile material elements. This makes it possible to use the irradiated Elements in which fissile material was generated to be used immediately as fissile material elements in the same reactor; exhausted fissile material elements are continuously replaced by suitable ones in a known manner Devices taken from the reactor at its bottom.
Claims (1)
USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 782 158;
britische Patentschrift Nr. 756 014.Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2,782,158;
British Patent No. 756 014.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE568348D BE568348A (en) | 1957-06-07 | ||
DEB45731A DE1041609B (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1957-06-07 | Nuclear reactor with gas cooling |
CH356544D CH356544A (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1958-05-21 | Nuclear reactor with gas cooling |
GB17229/58A GB834978A (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1958-05-29 | Nuclear reactor with gas cooling |
FR1196475D FR1196475A (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1958-05-29 | Gas-cooled atomic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEB45731A DE1041609B (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1957-06-07 | Nuclear reactor with gas cooling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1041609B true DE1041609B (en) | 1958-10-23 |
Family
ID=6967718
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEB45731A Pending DE1041609B (en) | 1957-06-07 | 1957-06-07 | Nuclear reactor with gas cooling |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE568348A (en) |
CH (1) | CH356544A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1041609B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1196475A (en) |
GB (1) | GB834978A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1187744B (en) * | 1958-11-04 | 1965-02-25 | Gen Electric | A fuel element designed for a boiler reactor with a neutron moderating coolant |
DE1191049B (en) * | 1961-03-04 | 1965-04-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Process for achieving a uniform power density in gas-cooled pebble bed high-temperature nuclear reactors |
US4343761A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1982-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Heat transport system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB756014A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1956-08-29 | Westinghouse Electric Int Co | Improvements in or relating to reactors employing nuclear fissionable material |
US2782158A (en) * | 1945-11-02 | 1957-02-19 | John A Wheeler | Neutronic reactor |
-
0
- BE BE568348D patent/BE568348A/xx unknown
-
1957
- 1957-06-07 DE DEB45731A patent/DE1041609B/en active Pending
-
1958
- 1958-05-21 CH CH356544D patent/CH356544A/en unknown
- 1958-05-29 GB GB17229/58A patent/GB834978A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-05-29 FR FR1196475D patent/FR1196475A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2782158A (en) * | 1945-11-02 | 1957-02-19 | John A Wheeler | Neutronic reactor |
GB756014A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1956-08-29 | Westinghouse Electric Int Co | Improvements in or relating to reactors employing nuclear fissionable material |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1187744B (en) * | 1958-11-04 | 1965-02-25 | Gen Electric | A fuel element designed for a boiler reactor with a neutron moderating coolant |
DE1191049B (en) * | 1961-03-04 | 1965-04-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Process for achieving a uniform power density in gas-cooled pebble bed high-temperature nuclear reactors |
US4343761A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1982-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Heat transport system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH356544A (en) | 1961-08-31 |
GB834978A (en) | 1960-05-18 |
BE568348A (en) | |
FR1196475A (en) | 1959-11-24 |
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