DE103441C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE103441C DE103441C DENDAT103441D DE103441DA DE103441C DE 103441 C DE103441 C DE 103441C DE NDAT103441 D DENDAT103441 D DE NDAT103441D DE 103441D A DE103441D A DE 103441DA DE 103441 C DE103441 C DE 103441C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- neodymium
- glass
- oxide
- iron oxide
- color
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002798 neodymium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002123 erbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erbium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Neodymium Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003441 erbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003444 neodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000722 Didymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000224487 Didymium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001206 Neodymium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 neodymium peroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
Um gewöhnliches Glas, welches infolge eines geringen Eisengehaltes eine grünliche (Eisenoxydul) oder gelbliche (Eisenoxyd) Färbung besitzt, zu entfärben, wurden bislang vorzugsweise die Oxyde von Mangan, Arsen und Antimon verwendet; Selenverbindungen eignen sich für bessere Glassorten als Entfärbungsmittel , vertheuern aber wegen ihres hohen Preises die Erzeugnisse erheblich. Durch Versuche wurde festgestellt, dafs auch Neodymoxyd und Erbiumoxyd, welche nur wenig Cer oder Praseodym enthalten und in technisch reiner Beschaffenheit einen wohlfeilen Handelsartikel bilden, zur Entfärbung von Glas vortheilhaft verwendet werden können.Ordinary glass, which due to its low iron content, has a greenish (iron oxide) or yellowish (iron oxide) color, to decolorize, have so far been preferred the oxides of manganese, arsenic, and antimony used; Selenium compounds are suitable are in favor of better types of glass as decolorizing agents, but are more expensive because of their high level Price the products considerably. Experiments have shown that neodymium oxide is also and erbium oxide, which contain only a little cerium or praseodymium and, in technically pure quality, an inexpensive article of commerce form, can be used advantageously for discoloration of glass.
Die Oxyde oder deren Salze, die beim Glühen Oxyde (Superoxyde) hinterlassen, werden entweder dem Glassatze oder der fertigen Schmelze zugesetzt.The oxides or their salts that leave behind oxides (super oxides) when glowing become added either to the glass set or to the finished melt.
Der Vorgang der Entfärbung ist folgender:The process of decolorization is as follows:
Neodym- und Erbiumoxyd färben das Glas rosenroth (Didym färbt es blau). Rosenroth ist die Complementärfarbe zu dem Blaugrün der Eisenoxydulgläser. Enthält das Neodym oder Erbium, wie es technisch gewonnen wird, noch kleine Mengen Cer und Praseodym, so wird die Farbe des weifsen Glases blafs purpurroth. Dieses ist aber die Complementärfarbe zum Hellgelb des eisenoxydhaltigen Glases. Hierbei ist zu bemerken, dafs auch letzteres infolge des reducirendenEinflusses der Flammengase stets Oxydul enthält. Andererseits bildet das durch Glühen irgend einer Neodymverbindung gebildete Neodymsuperoxyd ein energisches Oxydationsmittel, durch welches ein Theil von vorhandenem Eisenoxydul zu Oxyd oxydirt wird, wodurch stets die gewünschte hellgrüne Farbe entsteht.Neodymium and erbium oxide color the glass rose-red (Didymium colors it blue). Rosenroth is the complementary color to the blue-green of the iron oxide glass. Contains the neodymium or erbium, as it is technically obtained, also small amounts of cerium and praseodymium, like that the color of the white glass becomes pale purple. But this is the complementary color to the light yellow of the glass containing iron oxide. It should be noted here that the latter is also true always contains oxide due to the reducing influence of the flame gases. On the other hand, educates the neodymium peroxide formed by the glow of any neodymium compound is an energetic oxidizing agent by which a part of the existing iron oxide is oxidized to oxide, whereby the desired is always the desired light green color arises.
Ist ein Glas demnach im Wesentlichen eisenoxydhaltig, so benutzt man ein Neodymsalz (z. B. das Carbonat oder Sulfat) als Entfärbungsmittel, ist es eisenoxydulhaltig, so wird das durch Glühen erhaltene, an Neodymsuperoxyd reiche Oxyd oder Erbiumoxyd verwendet. Auf diese Weise umgeht man den Einflufs der den käuflichen Neodym- und Erbinpräparaten anhaftenden kleinen Mengen von Cer und Praseodym. If a glass essentially contains iron oxide, a neodymium salt is used (e.g. the carbonate or sulphate) as a decolorizing agent, if it contains iron oxide, it will Oxide or erbium oxide rich in neodymium superoxide obtained by annealing is used. on in this way one circumvents the influence of the neodymium and hereditary preparations that are available for sale small amounts of cerium and praseodymium.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE103441C true DE103441C (en) |
Family
ID=373929
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DENDAT103441D Active DE103441C (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE103441C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009055067A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-22 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Method for controlling internal combustion engine, involves operating internal combustion engine temporarily in operating mode, where particles emitted by internal combustion engine are stored in particle filter in operating mode |
-
0
- DE DENDAT103441D patent/DE103441C/de active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009055067A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-22 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Method for controlling internal combustion engine, involves operating internal combustion engine temporarily in operating mode, where particles emitted by internal combustion engine are stored in particle filter in operating mode |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE103441C (en) | ||
| US2281076A (en) | Method of making reflecting glass | |
| US1995952A (en) | Method of fining glass and batch therefor | |
| DE636776C (en) | Process for the pretreatment of starting materials containing vanadium | |
| DE401172C (en) | Process for the production of iron chromium alloys | |
| US2473958A (en) | Black glass and method of making | |
| DE162607C (en) | ||
| SU1539172A1 (en) | Method of producing lead-containing glass | |
| AT316957B (en) | White enamel for sheet steel with a low titanium dioxide content | |
| DE421153C (en) | Process for the production of ferro-tungsten or ferro-molybdenum | |
| DE709334C (en) | Glass that can be stained red by copper or copper compounds | |
| DE445660C (en) | Process for the production of colored glasses containing boric acid | |
| US1629648A (en) | Glass composition | |
| DE283204C (en) | ||
| DE657538C (en) | Process for producing white opaque emails | |
| DE490490C (en) | Process for the production of usable titanium iron alloys in the liquid state | |
| AT160613B (en) | Process for the production of enamels. | |
| Newton | Metallic gold and ruby glass | |
| DE707609C (en) | Method of making amber colored glass | |
| DE511945C (en) | Process for the production of morganita-like pink spinels | |
| DE102004034783A1 (en) | Infrared-absorbing blue-flame mixture | |
| DE476849C (en) | Process for the production of a colored Portland cement | |
| DE723060C (en) | Manufacture of blue pigments | |
| DE645048C (en) | Process for removing the color from transparent or shimmering glasses or from glass-like materials | |
| DE707051C (en) | Procedure for the transmission of emails |