DE10343360A1 - Locking and unlocking device for vehicle doors, in particular sliding doors for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a locking and unlocking device for vehicle doors, in particular sliding doors for rail vehicles, with the features of the preamble of claim 1. DOLLAR A Based on the disadvantages of the known prior art, a locking and unlocking device is to be created, which has a low manufacturing and installation effort required and ensures a reliable lock and is suitable for different door designs. DOLLAR A As a solution it is proposed that at least one engagement element is provided at a defined distance from the inside of the door on the inside of the door leaf or the door and opposite to this on the inside of the door frame, a spring-loaded rotary latch 12 is arranged horizontally. The rotary latch 12 has a semicircular or claw-shaped recess 12d and a recess 12d laterally projecting locking portion 12b. On the inside of the door frame, a locking element 13 is movably guided, which is connected to at least one vertically movable rod 14. During the closing movement of the door leaves or the door, the engagement element engages with the recess 12d of the rotary latch 12 and by the Andrückbewegung of the door leaf or the door pivots the rotary latch 12 with its locking portion 12b towards the center of the door opening and takes a parallel to the door leaf extending position one and is in this ...

Description

The The invention relates to a locking and unlocking device for vehicle doors, in particular sliding doors for rail vehicles, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Sliding sliding doors for rail vehicles are already known in various embodiments. all known sliding doors is common that these from the closed position by a transverse or pivoting movement into an opening ready Position and then parallel to the vehicle outer wall in a door opening releasing Position to be moved. In the closed position, the door must be tight the door seal used and locked in this position.

It is already known, the locking devices as rotary latches form, each with a catch in the upper and lower areas arranged the door guide is. The pivotally mounted rotary latches are by means of special Control lever actuated and engage for locking in corresponding catch bolts.

From the AT 392 117 B a locking device for sliding doors is known in which the components used for pivoting the door are also used for locking. The locking elements have on their arms brackets that run in box-shaped guide rails of the door leaf.

From the DE 38 08 390 A1 a door lock for sliding doors is known in which pivotable hooks are arranged on both inner sides of the door frame, which engage in closing the door in abutment on the door leaf.

Also known is ( EP 0 280 677 B1 ) to arrange a vertical axis rotary latch, which are operated only after the closing of the door and interact with a contact surface which is approximately perpendicular to an inclined direction. The rotary bolts are moved by means of a roller and an actuator, the rotary bolt against the door and thus pressed against the force of the seal and lock the door by their shape.

Of the Disadvantage of these known locking systems is that These have a complicated structure and thus in their production and assembly are expensive.

From the DE 101 16 583 A1 is another locking and unlocking device for vehicle doors known. On the inside of the door spring-loaded rotary latch with two opposing functional elements are arranged, wherein the one functional element is engageable in a arranged on the car body vertical drive shaft and the other functional element cooperates with a arranged on the front side of the door edge, vertically movable trained as rollers locking element.

The Arrangement of the movable locking and unlocking of the Inside of the door either requires a door with a relatively wide fold on the back side or a guide of the Door in a greater distance to the vehicle outer wall.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a locking and unlocking device for vehicle doors, in particular sliding doors for rail vehicles, to create that a low manufacturing and assembly costs requires and a reliable Locking guaranteed and for different door designs suitable is.

According to the invention Problem solved by the features specified in claim 1. suitable Embodiments and developments are the subject of claims 2 to 14th

For locking and unlocking, at least one engagement element, preferably a vertically guided roller, is arranged at a defined distance from the inside of the door on the inside of the respective door leaf or door. Opposite this is located on the inside of the door frame, a horizontally arranged spring-loaded rotary latch. This has a semicircular or claw-shaped recess and a recess laterally projecting locking portion. The actual locking element, which is preferably designed as a bracket is movably guided on the inside of the door frame and connected to at least one vertically movable rod. During the closing movement of the door leaves or the door, the engaging element located on the door engages with the recess of the rotary latch. By the pressing movement of the door leaf or the door of the rotary latch pivots with its locking portion in the direction of the center of the door opening and assumes a parallel to the door leaf extending position. By a triggered in the vertical direction movement of the locking element of the rotary latch is locked and thus the door. The rotary latch can be mounted either in a mounted on the inside of the door frame bracket or on the vertical drive or connection wave.

The Locking element, the strap, is with its curved section in one on the inside of the door frame fixed bracket rotatable on a horizontally arranged Shaft mounted, such that the opening of the bracket in Towards the door leaf shows. One of the two legs of the bracket, preferably the upper, has one towards the opening of the temple directed angling, on which a roll rotates on a horizontal is mounted wave arranged. At least the upper leg is with a vertically movable rod in connection. The coat hanger is defined by a hinged to the bracket tension spring in a defined Location kept. In an arrangement of a multiple locking are the individual hangers over to the Legs hinged, vertically aligned rods movable together connected. The movement of the rotary latch in the clockwise direction is through limits a stop provided on the holder.

is the rotary latch on the vertical drive or connecting shaft stored, it is hinged to this a tension spring, with the Bracket of the bracket connected is. That at the door or the door leaf arranged engagement element, e.g. a role is in a designated Retained bracket.

The activity the vertically movable rod and thus the Locking clip, can by a separate drive or by the reaction force of the drive for the transverse and longitudinal displacement the door or door leaves are triggered. In the latter variant is on the rotatable housing of the Drive motor attached to a segment plate, whose rotational movement through two stops is limited. On the segment plate engages a pull rod, the transmits the rotational movement to a spring-loaded pivoting lever, which in its axis of rotation is rigidly connected to a shaft. At the bottom At the end of the shaft is a lever attached to at least one horizontally arranged coupling rod communicates with the a in the upper region of the car body (door frame) arranged pivot plate is articulated. At another pivot point of the pivot plate is the rod is coupled with the first locking bracket stands and this and the subsequently arranged in the locked or unlocked position emotional.

is the sliding door with a double-winged Door equipped, so two coupling rods are hinged to the lever attached to the vertical shaft, the above each a pivot plate with the associated vertical rod in Connection stand.

The attacks for limiting the rotational movement of the segment plate, which at this hinged drawbar and associated with this pivoting lever are mounted on a plate or a support element. Thereby a compact and space-saving arrangement is achieved.

In Another embodiment of the invention is also a possibility for one Manual emergency release over provided at least one Bowden cable. This is in the upper area of the door frame arranged a spring-loaded pivot lever. Offset to the axis of rotation of the pivot lever is pivotally attached to this a curved tab. At the protruding end of the tab is a vertically guided bolt arranged in operative connection with another spring-loaded, hinged lever stands. This one serves as a horizontal guide Recess on and two congruent slots as a vertical guide, wherein the bolt in the oblong holes slidably guided is. The associated with the drawbar pivot lever has at its opposite to the articulation point of the drawbar End of a semicircular or claw-shaped recess with the held in the vertical guidance Bolt is engaged.

Either the functional elements for the emergency release, the pivot lever to which the Bowden cable hinged is, and the lever with the vertical and horizontal guidance, as also the for the locking / unlocking competent pivot lever, are common on a plate or a support element assembled.

to Decoupling of the emergency release is the lever with the vertical and horizontal guidance with a vertically downwardly directed shaft, which lies in the pivot of this lever. The shaft is in communication with a spring-loaded rotary magnet in the voltage-loaded Condition the lever is moved counterclockwise and thereby the bolt disengaged with the claw-shaped Recess of the pivot lever passes.

The Locking and unlocking device can be used both for single-leaf and double-leaf sliding sliding doors be and guaranteed a high level of functional reliability. It is also advantageous that this only a small installation space in the area of the car body takes up and the individual assemblies according to the principle as a modular system cost-effective can be produced.

The invention will be described below on a Example will be explained in more detail. In the accompanying drawing show

1 a double-leaf sliding door in built-in and closed state, as a plan view,

2 arranged on the door frame locking and unlocking mechanism with associated drive for the sliding door according to 1 , as a front view in perspective,

3 the detail "X" according to 2 in an enlarged view,

4 a further embodiment of a door frame arranged on the locking element as a simplified exploded view and

5 The detail "Y" according to 2 in an enlarged view.

The double-wing sliding door closing the door opening consists of two door leaves 1a and 1b whose outer sides in the closed state with the vehicle outer wall forms a plane. The door leaves 1a . 1b are mounted in the upper part on roller carriage, each in a curved roller guide 2a and 2 B , are guided ( 1 ). To the transverse and longitudinal displacement of the door leaves are at these, in the upper and lower areas, racks 3a and 3b fastened, which are formed with curved initial sections and swivel gears 4a and 4b engage. Furthermore, located at the top of the car body on a base plate 5 mounted drive unit 6 consisting of a horizontally arranged DC motor 6a , by means of two bevel gear 6b . 6c and a toothed belt transmission 6d an opposite movement on the connecting shafts with the pulleys 6e . 6f generated. Through the toothed belt transmission 6d is the drive torque from the pulleys 6e . 6f the bevel gear 6b . 6c each with tension rollers 7 on the synchronizing discs of the upper swivel gear 4a . 4b transfer. The tension rollers are located on a tensioning device, which is attached to the base plate 5 is attached. The two bevel gearboxes 6b . 6c are connected to each other via a coupling. The transmission of torque from the DC motor 6a to the gear shaft is done by a feather key connection. The motor housing is thereby rotatable about its axis.

The synchronously working swivel gear, which moves on the respective vertical connecting shafts 8a . 8b are stored, each arranged in a housing. The connection waves 8a . 8b If necessary, are adapted via articulated joints of the outer wall contour of the vehicle.

The swivel gearbox 4a . 4b are in the closed state of the door leaves in an approximately parallel to the vehicle longitudinal center axis starting position. In this is the support roller of the swivel gear 4a . 4b in the radius of the curved start portion of the rack 3a . 3b at. By the rotation of the rack 3a . 3b engaged drive pinion of the rotary gear 4a . 4b The drive pinion moves along the curved start section and presses the respective door leaf 1a . 1b transverse to the axis of the opposite support roller from the side wall level out in the displacement position for the subsequent longitudinal displacement of the door leaf. This will be a swivel gear 4a about the vertical axis in the clockwise direction by a rotation angle of about 90 ° pivoted to a stop and the other swivel gear 4b in the opposite direction. The rotational movement of the drive pinion is thus converted into a translational movement transversely and longitudinally to the vehicle longitudinal central axis and thereby the respective door leaf 1a . 1b out of the side wall level and at the same time slightly moved in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal displacement of the door leaves 1a . 1b parallel to the vehicle outer wall, until the complete release of the door opening is, by the further rotational movement of the with the straight portion of the rack 3a . 3b engaged pinion of the swivel gear 4a . 4b reached. In known manner, the door leaves 1a . 1b attached to roller carriages in stationary fixed to the car body curved roller guides 2a . 2 B guided. The above-explained manner of the transverse and longitudinal displacement of the door leaves is from the DE 101 16 580 A1 known.

For locking and unlocking the door leaves 1a . 1b are the required locking elements 9 . 10 on the outer vertical longitudinal sides of the respective closing edges, as in 2 you can see. The complete structure of the arranged on the inside of the door frame latch is in 2 shown. On the inside of the door leaves 1a . 1b there is at least one vertically guided roll 9 in a holder 9a , in a defined distance to the inside of the door leaf 1a is held. A corresponding door leaf cutout with a roll 9 is in 4 shown. The actual locking element 10 is arranged opposite to the inside of the door frame and as a single part in 3 shown. On the inside of the door frame is a bracket 11 attached, which is a rear recess 11a owns, within the vertical connecting shaft 8a or 8b runs in 3 not shown. At the left, protruding section 11b the holder 11 is a spring-loaded rotary latch or a latch 12 swivel horizontally bar around the axis of rotation 12a stored. The pivoting movement of the rotary latch 12 to the outside is through a stop 11c limited. The rotary latch 12 has a protruding locking body or section 12b and opposite to this a nose 12c that has a semicircular or claw-shaped recess 12d limit. The claw-shaped recess 12d encloses during the locking process on the inside of the door leaf 1a arranged roll 9 , The locking section 12b is much longer than the nose 12c , In the 3 not to be seen tension spring for the rotary latch 12 is at the rear section of the bracket 11 mounted and ensures that in the unlocked state of the rotary latch 12 against the attack 11c is pivoted and is in a ready for the subsequent locking process ready position. For final locking of the respective door leaf in the closed position, is on the bracket 11 a locking bracket 13 arranged. This one is with its curved section 13a in a lateral section 11d the holder 11 by means of a horizontal bolt 13b pivoted. The upper leg 13c of the temple 13 has at its front end a downward bending 13d , by means of a bolt 13e a mobile role 13f is stored, the bolt 13e via a lever arm 13g pivotally with a vertically arranged locking bar 14 connected is. On the lower leg 13h of the locking bracket 13 is a tension spring 13i hooked up with the bracket 11 connected is. To lock the door leaf in the closed position (in this is the locking portion 12b of the rotary latch 12 in a position parallel to the door leaf), by the spring force of the tension spring 13i the locking bracket 13 around its axis of rotation 13b pivoted, causing the role 13f immediately before the locking section 12b of the rotary latch 12 is moved and arrested. This locking process can additionally by the triggered movement of the locking rod 14 , towards the bottom, are supported.

A release of the lock, so unlocking, is only then reached again when actuated by the locking rod 14 in the opposite direction, upwards, the locking bar 13 is pivoted in the clockwise direction to the starting position and the rotary latch 12 by a pivoting movement to the outside (clockwise) easily from the area of the locking bracket 14 can be moved out.

At the front end of the lower leg 13h of the locking bracket 13 There are two holes on a common axis 13j , for receiving a bolt for fixing a rod for transmitting the vertical movement for locking and unlocking on a further locking element.

A further embodiment variant of a locking element for a multiple locking, which is preferably used in single-leaf sliding sliding doors, is in 4 shown. The door leaf or the door 1 also has on the inside, lying on a common longitudinal axis, vertically arranged rollers 9 in one on the door leaf 1 attached bracket 9a are stored. Opposite these are located in the area of the inside of the door frame spring-loaded rotary latch 12 and with these cooperating locking straps 13 , The rotary latches are freely pivotable in the corresponding vertical distances on the vertical connecting shaft 8th stored for the transmission of the drive movement from the upper to the lower pivot gear. In the 4 is only a locking element 10a shown and the connecting shaft 8th is indicated only by a dashed line. In a holder 15 , which is attached to the inside of the door frame, is on a horizontally arranged bolt 13b a spring-loaded locking bracket 13 pivoted. The upper leg of the locking bracket 13 of the locking element 10a , which is first in the order from the top to the bottom, is analogous to the embodiment of FIG 3 with a locking bar 14 connected. The lower leg is over a vertical bar 16 with the upper leg of the subsequent locking bracket 13 connected. All other temples 13 are above appropriate bars 16 connected with each other. In the 4 For reasons of clarity, not all components have been provided with reference numerals, since these are already used for identical components in 3 are indicated.

The operation of the lock is identical in both variants. During the closing movement of the door or the door leaves passes the located on the inside of the door, vertically guided role 9 in engagement with the semicircular or claw-shaped recess 12d of the rotary latch 12 , Due to the guidance-related pressing movement of the door in the direction of the closing edge of the rotary latch 12 further, counterclockwise or in the direction of the center of the door opening, pivoted. This is the role 13f of the locking bracket 13 in touching contact with the upper surface of the locking portion 12b and rolls on this. The locking section 12b gets into the opening of the bow 13 pivoted. After reaching a position parallel to the door or door leaf of the locking bracket 13 by the applied spring force around its axis of rotation 13b panned down and the roll 13f arrives immediately before the locking section 12b , In this state, the final locking position is reached.

The required actuating elements for the locking and unlocking including a manually releasable emergency release and a decoupling of the emergency release are on a below the base plate 5 arranged mounting plate 17 mounted, the not shown spacers on the base plate 5 is attached ( 2 and 5 ).

To trigger the necessary movements for the release immediately before the opening movement of the door leaves or the support for the lock during the closing movement of the door leaves 1a . 1b can the reaction force of the drive motor 6a , whose motor housing is rotatable about its axis, be exploited.

The rotational movement of the housing of the arranged in horizontal mounting position motor 6a is on a segment plate 18 transferred, which is connected to the motor housing. The segment plate 18 is in a lateral recess of the mounting plate 17 is guided and surmounted the mounting plate 17 , The rotational movement of the segment plate 18 is through two on the mounting plate 17 fortified stops 19 limited ( 5 ). At the upwardly projecting portion of the segment plate 18 is a pull rod 20 pivotally attached, the rotational movement of the motor housing on a horizontal lever 21 transfers, the swivel on the mounting plate 17 is attached. The swivel lever 21 is in its axis of rotation with a rigid, vertically downwardly directed shaft 22 connected by means of a torsion spring 28 is curious. At the bottom of the shaft 22 is a lever in the middle 23 attached to the movement of the drawbar 20 over the swivel lever 21 and the wave 22 is transmitted. At the two ends of the lever 23 are horizontally arranged coupling rods 24 and 25 articulated about the rotational movements of the lever 23 be converted into linear movements. The mutually offset coupling rods 24 and 25 run, as in 1 and 2 shown in the region of the outer closing edges of the door frame, are bent at their ends down and rotatably mounted in the upper region of the car body, triangular pivot plates 26 . 27 coupled. At the third pivot point of the pivot plates 26 or 27 are the respective locking bars 14 hinged over which the movement of the locking bracket 13 is triggered.

In the closed state of the door leaves 1a . 1b These are also locked at the two outer closing edges. The rotary latch 12 are in engagement with the rollers arranged on the inside of the door leaves 9 and the locking straps 13 are due to the spring force of the tension springs acting on them 13i pulled down, the rollers 13f are located immediately in front of the locking section 12b the rotary latch 12 , The on the mounting plate 17 fixed pivoting lever 21 is through the torsion spring 28 held in the locked position.

The unlocking is initiated by the door opening command. The commissioning of the DC motor 6a generated drive energy is generated by the bevel gear 6b . 6c , the toothed belt transmission and the swivel gearbox 4a . 4b on the door leaves 1a . 1b attached racks 3a . 3b transfer. The swivel gearbox 4a . 4b generate in conjunction with the outwardly bent portion of the racks 3a . 3b a force acting against the lock, a blockage, due to the locked door leaves. As a result of this blockage, a reaction torque is generated on the DC motor, which causes the housing of the motor 6a turns around the drive axle. This rotational movement is via the segment plate 18 on the drawbar 20 transferred and the pivot lever 21 rotated counterclockwise, overcoming the applied spring force. The rotational movement of the pivot lever 21 is about the vertical wave 22 on the lever 23 transmitted, by its rotational movement counterclockwise the hinged to this coupling rods 24 and 25 perform a linear pulling movement and thereby on the pivot plates 26 and 27 the respective vertical locking bars 14 be raised and the locking straps 13 around its axis of rotation 13b Swing up and the rotary latch 12 or its locking section 12b release. With the now released blockage for the movement of the door leaves 1a . 1b The transverse and subsequent longitudinal displacement of the door leaves is accomplished via the combination of the swivel gear / rack and the drive energy of the motor. This is where the roles come in 9 on the inside of the door out of engagement with the clockwise, by the applied spring force up to the stop 11c rotating rotary latch 12 ,

During the closing process, the locking takes place in the reverse order, with the locking movement primarily by the on the locking bracket 13 applied spring force is achieved.

Furthermore, a required for safety reasons manual emergency release is provided. The execution takes place either as an emergency release handle with square detent or as an emergency release button. It is also possible to integrate the external emergency release in the door leaf. A Bowden cable is attached to the emergency control device. The Bowden cables 29 . 30 , one of which is intended for the inside of the door and the other for the outside of the door, are up to the mounting plate 17 guided and in one on the mounting plate 17 attached bracket 31 in guides 32 held and on a spring-loaded pivot lever 33 attached and through this ge stressed. The axis of rotation of the pivot lever 33 is with 33a and the torsion spring with 33b characterized. Offset to the pivot axis 33a is on the pivot lever 33 a curved tab 34 pivotal about the axis of rotation 34a held. Am to the axis of rotation 34a opposite end of the tab 34 is in this a vertically aligned bolt 35 rotatably arranged, in operative connection with another lever 36 stands. The lever 36 is on a shaft forming the vertical axis of rotation 36a rotatable on the mounting plate 17 attached. The lever 36 has one as a horizontal guide 36b serving recess. In the recess bounding the upper and lower portion of the lever 36 there are two congruent slots 36c in which the bolt 35 the tab 34 slidably guided. The two slots 36c thus form a vertical guide for the bolt 35 the tab 34 , The, as already explained, on the mounting plate 17 arranged and with the drawbar 20 in operative connection spring-loaded pivot lever 21 , has at its to the point of articulation of the drawbar 20 opposite end of a semicircular or claw-shaped recess 21a that with the bolt 35 engaged, both during the locked and unlocked state of the lock. To ensure the engagement of the bolt 35 in the recess 21a is on the lever 36 a spring hinged in the 6 not visible.

In addition, a decoupling for the emergency release is provided. This is located at the downwardly extended shaft 36a of the lever 36 a spring-loaded rotary magnet 37 , A decoupling of the emergency release is effected by a signal triggered by the door control, by which the rotary magnet is supplied with voltage and the shaft 36a and with it the lever 36 rotates counterclockwise.

The The mode of operation of the emergency release and the decoupling is the following.

By a manual operation of the emergency handle on the inside or outside of one of the doors on the respective Bowden cable of the pivot lever 33 turned clockwise and thereby the tab 34 moved and in the slots 36c positively driven bolts 35 shifted in the direction indicated by an arrow A. As the bolt 35 with the swivel lever 21 is in engagement this is rotated about its pivot axis counterclockwise and thus on the shaft 22 and the lever 23 the coupling rods 24 and 25 moves, as already explained in detail, the release over the rods 14 trigger.

For decoupling the rotary magnet 37 energized and turns the shaft 36a and with it the lever 36 counterclockwise, causing the bolt 35 out of engagement with the claw-shaped recess 21a of the pivot lever 21 arrives. In this state, the emergency release is decoupled, upon actuation of the emergency release is the pivot lever 21 no longer moving and the locking state remains.

If the emergency release is to be put back into operation, the voltage supply to the rotary magnet 27 interrupted and the lever 36 is returned by the applied spring force back to its original position and thereby passes the bolt 35 again in engagement with the claw-shaped recess 21a of the pivot lever 21 ,

Claims (14)

Locking and unlocking device for single or double-leaf vehicle doors, in particular sliding doors for rail vehicles, which is located on the vertical longitudinal side of at least one closing edge and at least one horizontally disposed spring-loaded rotary latch, which cooperates with a movable locking element, characterized in that on the inside of the Door leaf ( 1a . 1b ) or the door ( 1 ) at least one engagement element ( 9 ), at a defined distance to the inside of the door, is arranged and opposite to this on the inside of the door frame of the spring-loaded rotary latch ( 12 ) is arranged horizontally, wherein the rotary latch ( 12 ) a semicircular or claw-shaped recess ( 12d ) and a recess ( 12d ) laterally projecting locking portion ( 12b ), and the locking element ( 13 ) is movably guided on the inside of the door frame and with at least one vertically movable rod ( 14 . 16 ), and during closing movement of the door leaves ( 1a . 1b ) or the door ( 1 ) the engagement element ( 9 ) in engagement with the recess ( 12d ) of the rotary bolt ( 12 ) and by the Andrückbewegung of the door leaf ( 1a . 1b ) or the door ( 1 ) the rotary bolt ( 12 ) with its locking portion ( 12b ) pivots towards the center of the door opening and a parallel to the door leaf ( 1 . 1a . 1b ) extending position and in this by a triggered in the vertical direction movement of the locking element ( 13 ) is locked. Locking and unlocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary latch ( 12 ) in a holder ( 11 ) is mounted, which is fixed to the inside of the door frame. Locking and unlocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary latch ( 12 ) on a vertical drive shaft ( 8th . 8a . 8b ) is stored. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the locking element as a bracket ( 13 ) formed at its bent portion ( 13a ) in a mounted on the inside of the door frame bracket ( 11 . 15 ) rotatable on a horizontally arranged shaft ( 13b ), wherein the opening of the bracket ( 13 ) in the direction of the door leaf ( 1 . 1a . 1b ), and one of the legs ( 13c ) of the bracket ( 13 ) one towards the opening of the bracket ( 13 ) directed bend ( 13d ), on which a roll ( 13f ) rotatable on a horizontally arranged shaft ( 13e ) is stored, and at least the upper leg ( 13c ) with a vertically movable rod ( 14 ) and on the bracket ( 13 ) one with the bracket ( 11 ) connected tension spring ( 13i ) is attached. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in an arrangement of a multiple locking the individual bracket ( 13 ) on the thighs ( 13c . 13h ) hinged, vertically oriented rods ( 14 . 16 ) are movably connected. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the movement of the rotary latch ( 12 ) in a clockwise direction by a stop ( 11c ) is limited. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the on the vertical drive shaft ( 8a . 8b ) mounted rotary bolt ( 12 ) a tension spring ( 13i ) is attached to the bracket ( 15 ) connected is. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the arranged on the door engaging element as a roll ( 9 ) is formed in a vertical guide of a holder ( 9a ) is arranged. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for actuating the vertically movable rod ( 14 ) on the housing of the drive motor ( 6a ) a segment plate ( 18 ) is attached, which performs a rotational movement due to the reaction force of the drive, which by two stops ( 19 . 20 ) is limited, and on the segment plate ( 18 ) a pull rod ( 20 ) is hinged, the rotational movement on a spring-loaded pivot lever ( 21 ) that transmits with a wave ( 22 ) is rigidly connected, at which a lever ( 23 ), which is connected to at least one horizontally arranged coupling rod ( 24 . 25 ) connected to a at the top of the car body (door frame) arranged pivot plate ( 26 . 27 ), which is connected to the rod ( 14 ) connected is. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that when arranging a two-leaf door on the lever ( 23 ) two coupling rods ( 24 . 25 ) are articulated, which in each case via a pivot plate ( 26 . 27 ) with the associated rod ( 14 ) are connected. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the stops ( 19 . 20 ), the drawbar ( 20 ), and the pivot lever ( 21 ) on a plate ( 17 ) or a support element are mounted. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that for manual emergency release via at least one Bowden cable ( 29 . 30 ), this at a arranged in the upper region of the door frame spring-loaded pivot lever ( 33 ) is attached and offset to its axis of rotation ( 33a ) at this one bent tab ( 34 ) is pivotally supported, at whose protruding end a vertically guided bolt ( 35 ), which is operatively connected to another spring-loaded, pivotable lever ( 36 ), one as horizontal leadership ( 36b ) serving recess and two congruent slots ( 36c ) as a vertical guide, wherein the bolt ( 35 ) in the oblong holes ( 36c ) is guided displaceably, and with the tie rod ( 20 ) associated pivot levers ( 21 ) at its to the articulation point of the drawbar ( 20 ) opposite end a semicircular or claw-shaped recess ( 21a ), which with the bolt ( 35 ) is engaged. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on the one hand the functional elements for the emergency release, the pivot lever ( 33 ) and the lever ( 36 ), and on the other hand the responsible for the locking / unlocking pivoting lever ( 21 ) together on a plate ( 17 ) or a support element are mounted. Locking and unlocking device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that for decoupling the emergency release of the lever ( 36 ) in a vertically downwardly directed, the rotary axis forming shaft ( 36a ) rigidly attached and the shaft ( 36a ) with a spring-loaded rotary magnet ( 37 ), wherein in the voltage-loaded state of the rotary magnet ( 37 ) the lever ( 36 ) is movable counterclockwise and thereby the bolt ( 35 ) out of engagement with the claw-shaped recess ( 21a ) of the pivoting lever ( 21 ).