DE10313231B4 - High-strength fabrics for end ballistic protection and wear protection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of materials science and to high-strength planar structures for the protection of vehicles and people. The aim of the invention is to provide high-strength planar structures which are characterized in that the planar structure is only destroyed in the immediate vicinity of an impact. This aim is achieved by a high-strength planar structure that consists of individual elements that give, applied to a backing material, the high-strength planar structure. The individual elements have the shape of regular pyramids and tetrahedrons or irregular pentahedrons and/or hexahedrons and/or the individual elements consist of combined and interlinked shapes (compound shapes) of regular pyramids and tetrahedrons or irregular pentahedrons and/or hexahedrons. The aim is also achieved by a method which is characterized in that individual elements and/or shapes (compound shapes) combined from such individual elements and interlinked are combined to give a planar structure and are non-positively linked with a backing material at least on one side.

Description

The Invention relates to the fields of materials science, the ceramics, the materials for Protective armor and for wear stresses and concerns high strength fabrics for end ballistic Protection, for example for the Protection of vehicles and people, and for wear protection, for example, for use in crushers, mills, chutes and pipes.

to Securing of persons, vehicles and facilities in the military and also in the civilian area is a construction for security the corresponding object according to the specific threat designed. The survivability so protected Objects can by the use of protective armor made of bulletproof material elevated become. Since the retention capacity of such Protective armor essentially of the surface hardness of the protective surfaces of Armor elements depends So far, special steels with high hardness and appropriately tuned toughness, but also used ceramic materials.

From the DE 198 56 597 A1 . DE 34 26 457 C1 and from US Pat. No. 6,332,390 B1 Ballistic protective armor known, which consist of a backing material and applied tiles. These bullet-resistant sheet materials are bullet-resistant sheet-like structures with a textile laminate (backing material) onto which ceramic boards are adhesively bonded to one another in a form-fitting manner. This material composite should, with the lowest possible weight, make shots, especially of hard core projectiles with high speeds and thus high impact energy, ineffective. The bullet's energy at the bullet point is broken down in the west by the destruction of the affected tile.

If in many cases Steel despite the heavy weight for the armor against projectiles Application, so essentially because of the hardness and elasticity of steel only minor damage occur on the tank material, so the following hits in the distance held by only a few millimeters to the previous hit turn can be.

at However, this is completely different for ceramic materials. Here it is indeed possible, the first hit by a thinner one Protective layer of very low weight compared to steel too hold, but destroyed every hit in the ceramic material a relatively large area, so that the next one Hits with security can only be held when he is on an independent of the first struck piece of ceramic, i. separately applied ceramic piece incident. The fact leads in that ceramic elements, in particular individual tiles are used have to, at a small projectile distance the protective effect is not too to lose. The vote of the plate size is therefore usually after the possible Hit distance, which results in smaller tile dimensions. Thereby another problem arises, namely, how the tile arrangement must be so that the inevitably existing narrow column between the tiles as weak points of the total protective layer as possible protected can be.

In the mosaic arrangement of ceramic tiles, it is therefore only because of the edge problem despite a known arrangement in the manner of a composite masonry ( DE 34 26 457 A1 ) still necessary to use a higher thickness and thus a higher weight. As a result, the problem of the edge weakness can be reduced, but a completely equal holding performance with respect to the protective effects of the tiles at the edges is not achieved.

Also in the area of wear protection arise areas of application for Protective armor, such as against impact stress or sliding wear. high Wear exposed Plates or fittings in canals, containers Classifiers, hotter Cyclones, mills or breakers indicate particularly strong abrasion phenomena the edges of the touching Tiles. The stability of the wear armor depends accordingly primarily from the edge stability what a higher density the lining has the consequence.

From the EP 0 967 453 A1 For example, a flexible, impact or impact resistant composite material is known that has a butt side that is impact resistant and that the contiguous panels of the composite have a completely blunt edge. Furthermore, a layered flexible material is present, which has a high resistance to local deformation.

After DE 39 40 623 A1 is an armor element for a ballistic armor plate assembly is known in which the bombardment surface is raised to the outside, so that a deflection of a projectile impinging on the bombardment surface takes place.

According to the US 3,523,057 A For example, a flexible armored plate is known that has a flexible matrix having a plurality of spherical elements in its interior.

In the US 5 736 474 A a multi-structural ballistic material is described which is constructed of several layers of ballistically woven or unwoven material, wherein one of the inner layers contains geometric elements.

Another protective element is in the US Pat. No. 4,538,301 A. or in the US Pat. No. 3,867,239 A described. Thereafter, the element consists of a flexible material, on which various geometric elements are arranged and fixed.

From the DE 199 39 533 A1 Furthermore, a protective construction in sandwich construction is known, in which a ballistic protective material between two cover layers is arranged and from the DE 32 28 264 A1 For example, a bulletproof multilayer material is known in which bodies are embedded in a synthetic resin layer and applied to a carrier layer.

According to the AT 410 142 B a device for protecting body parts from penetrating objects is constructed from a carrier layer, on which an energy-absorbing layer, a further layer and subsequently protective plates are arranged.

The armor according to the DE 1 952 759 A It consists of a support structure made of a deformable, tough material, on which an almost continuous covering of repeating platelets is arranged, which can adapt to the deformations of the support structure.

In summary can be said that numerous solutions for ballistic protective armor are known, which embedded in a flexible material, a protective material have, which constructed from a variety of geometric shapes is.

The The object of the invention is high-strength fabrics for the specify end-ballistic protection and wear protection in which only in the immediate vicinity of a projectile impact or a local one wear the destruction of the sheet he follows.

The The object is achieved by the invention specified in the claims. Trainings are Subject of the dependent claims.

The high-strength invention sheet for end ballistic Protection and wear protection consists of individual bodies, the, to a plane body assembled and attached to a backing material, the high strength sheet result, with the single bodies the shape of pyramids and tetrahedrons or pentahedrons and / or hexahedra and / or composites composed thereof.

advantageously, is the areal Body completely or partially from a backing material surround.

Furthermore advantageously, the individual bodies and / or the flat bodies composed of them consist wholly or partly of ceramic and / or metallic materials, and particularly advantageously of ceramic materials, such as SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , Al ₂ O ₃ , of metallic materials, such as hard metals , higher-strength steel, such as V2A steel, ST 52-3 or ceramic-metal composites.

Farther advantageously, a flat body consists of 5 pyramids and 4 Tetrahedrons, repeated several times and alternately as a composite conversely assembled, form the flat body.

The sheet has on the top and bottom in each case a substantially flat surface on that except the columns between the individual bodies has no further defects. The flatness of the surfaces to The top and bottom depends mainly on the application, the also curved and / or arched Require surfaces can.

Also Advantageously, the connection of the individual bodies is non-positively, by Gluing, welding, Soldering or realized by brackets.

From It is also advantageous if the individual bodies and / or the composite thereof composite body Dimensions of 5 to 200 mm edge length, more advantageously Dimensions of 10 to 100 mm edge length.

And it is also advantageous if in the case of columns between the surfaces and / or Edges of the single body and / or the flat body composed thereof by an adhesive or a lot or a tissue filled are.

With the solution according to the invention, it is possible to achieve an improved armor for end ballistic protection and / or wear protection whose destruction occurs by Geschosseinwirkung or wear only in the immediate vicinity of the projectile caliber or the wear and thus has improved resistance to multiple bombardment or permanent wear , This succeeds according to the invention by the reduction of the individual bodies, which on the one hand has the disadvantage of a high number of vials Chen compared to the projectile or wear has, according to the invention but still achieved an improved bullet-resistant or wear-inhibiting effect. This advantage is achieved by reducing the weaknesses of such a composite surface, which existed in the prior art, and / or were no longer arranged directly in the direction of impact of the projectiles or the wear.

This Advantage also applies to the area of wear protection to, in the first place an impact stress of the armor is present.

By the solution according to the invention is next the improved adaptability of the fabric to irregular shapes also achieved a reduction in specific gravity, without the Deteriorate protective effect; on the contrary, it will even be in many cases achieved an improved protective effect.

With the solution according to the invention is the critical edge stability and edge hardness of the fabric on the holding power to the backing material and possibly another flat Material and hardness of the material of the fabric each partially or completely reduced.

at the solution according to the invention have the single body of the fabric in each case only one connection to the backing material and / or to a other flat Material on and then turned back together made a complete sheet. It should be between the individual bodies of the fabric one possible complete form-fitting Contact their planes and / or edges exist. In the case of gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies or the composite body composed of these are completely filled. The Filling can be an adhesive or a solder or a tissue. The column between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies or composite composites thereof are advantageously between 0.1 and 10 mm wide, with smaller dimensions of single body or the composite body also lower gap dimensions are present.

Under The term "backing material" used in the context of this invention becomes a material understood, on the single body or the composite composites are attached or that the single bodies or completely or partially surrounds the composite composites. in the Traps of end-ballistic protection are the backing material advantageously to fibrous tissue shaped body and in the case of wear protection advantageously to metals, for example in the form of sheets. The use of metal sheets as backing material for the end ballistic Protection, as well as the use of fiber fabric moldings as Backing material in wear protection is also possible.

The The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments.

example 1

From ceramic plates of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide 400 irregular pentahedra with dimensions of 30 × 20 × 20 mm ³ (each largest L × W × H) are prepared by means of cutting loops. The shape corresponds to the combination of a regular pyramid and a tetrahedron connected to form a wedge shape, two sides giving the area of a parallelogram, two areas giving the shape of an isosceles triangle and the base area being a square.

These Pentahedra are composed in such a way that opposite the backing material, which an aramid (fiber) shaped body with the dimensions 400 × 400 mm, and the outside of the future sheet each flat surfaces arise. The composite 400 pentahedron cover with their flat sheet to the side Backing material the entire backing material. This sheet structure page is using the backing material by gluing with a two-component resin adhesive force fit connected.

One fabric produced in this way will be in a protective armor for a military vehicle incorporated.

at a vertical projectile action of a hard core projectile of 12.7 mm caliber per bullet maximum of 6 pentahedra, usually but only 2 to 4 pentahedra, only in the immediate vicinity destroyed the bullet point. Due to the overlap the armor plates remains, in contrast to conventional ceramic protective armor, the protective effect obtained immediately adjacent to the bullet point. The maximum destroyed area is 40 × 40 mm, usually but only 20 × 40 mm.

in the In comparison, in a conventional disk array of Plates of size 75 × 75 × 20 mm in the form of a masonry maximum area of 150 × 150 mm, usually 75 × 75 mm destroyed.

at the solution according to the invention is The shot also kept when the bullet hit the edges of it touching Pentahedron meets.

On the other hand is at the conventional Plate assembly of the shot is not held when the bullet on the touching one Plate edges hits. Therefore, in the conventional arrangement, a higher plate thickness of at least 30 mm required to reliably handle the shot what results in a 33% increase in weight.

Example 2

One continuously cast high-strength steel (ST 52-3) with a triangular Cross section is made by oblique Cutting the strand into pyramids with a footprint of 40 × 40 mm and a height processed by 40 mm. From a similar steel strand and following oblique cutting become tetrahedra with a length each of the right angles opposite edges of 40 mm and a height made of 40 mm. There are 200 pyramids with one each Tetrahedron already by soldering with a soft solder frictionally to a composite body connected with each other. The pyramids and tetrahedra become as composite bodies each to 200 pieces arranged in a frame to a flat sheet. The The backing material facing side is covered with the backing material from a steel sheet of quality ST37 of dimensions 400 × 400 mm with a soft solder and appropriate flux with each other connected.

One fabric produced in this way is used as a protective armor for the baffle plate of a hammer crusher incorporated.

at the Abrasionsbeanspruchung on the baffle plate are touching Edges of the armor plates stronger erodes as the plates themselves.

at the solution according to the invention runs the Division due to the arrangement of tetrahedra and pyramids obliquely to the direction of stress, whereby there is a reduced abrasion on the contacting edges, which one to one and a half times longer Duration of use. Due to the solder connection are a replacement the protective plates and a reuse of the safety device possible.

Claims (11)

High-strength fabrics for end-ballistic protection and wear protection, consisting of individual bodies, the, to a plane body assembled and attached to a backing material, the high strength sheet result, with the single bodies the shape of pyramids and tetrahedrons or pentahedrons and / or hexahedra and / or composites composed thereof. sheet according to claim 1, wherein the planar body completely or partially surrounded by a backing material. sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the individual bodies and / or the composite thereof flat body wholly or partly consist of ceramic and / or metallic materials. Sheet material according to claim 3, wherein the ceramic materials SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , Al ₂ O ₃ are used. sheet according to claim 3, wherein as metallic materials hard metals or higher strength steels used are. sheet according to claim 3, wherein the individual bodies and / or the composite thereof flat body made of ceramic-metal composites. sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a planar body of 5 pyramids and 4 Tetrahedrons is repeated several times and each as a composite alternately reversed, forming the flat body. sheet according to claim 1, in which the connection of the individual bodies frictionally, by gluing, welding, Soldering or realized by brackets. sheet according to claim 1, wherein the individual bodies and / or the composite thereof composite body Dimensions of 5 to 200 mm edge length. sheet according to claim 9, wherein the individual bodies and / or the composite thereof composite body Dimensions of 10 to 100 mm edge length. sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the presence of gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies and / or of the flat body composed of these are filled by an adhesive or a solder or a tissue.