DE10228169B4 - Device for forming openings in metal sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (1) for forming openings (33, 331-335) in sheets (29), comprising:
- A molding tool (5) which has a forming head (7) at a first end (6) of a shank (51) of the tool (5), wherein the forming head (7) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the shaft (51) is spreadable .
- A mouthpiece (3) from which protrudes the shank of the mold (5) with the first end (6)
- means (21, 22, 23) for pulling the forming head (7) towards the mouthpiece (3), characterized by means (9, 16, 17, 18) for moving a mandrel (9) along the shank (51st) ), wherein the shank (51) of the forming tool (5) has a channel (8) extending in the axial direction of the forming tool (5) in which the mandrel (9) is guided.

Description

The The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for molding of openings in sheets.

Around to achieve a secure fit of rivet nuts in sheets the openings in sheet metal, in which the rivet nuts are attached, with square Edge made so that itself wedge the shaft of the rivet nut into the opening so that it does not twist can. In particular, hexagonal holes are used, the rivet nuts to have a corresponding hexagonal shaft.

The Make appropriate openings in sheet metal usually requires several steps. For example It is known, a cutting tool that protrudes from a mouthpiece, to introduce into a predrilled hole in a sheet, so that the sheet between the mouthpiece and an am located at the front end of the cutting tool cutting head is located. Subsequently that had to be Tool be spread or stabilized by placing in the front A mandrel was inserted at the end of the cutting tool. The cutting tool was then in the direction of the mouthpiece pulled, with the sheet clamped between the cutting head and mouthpiece and is severed. Such a device is for many Applications extremely disadvantageous. For example, this device fails when one side of the Sheet not freely accessible is so that the Mandrel not be inserted into the cutting tool located in the hole can. This can be the case, for example, with mounted body panels be.

The Invention has therefore taken on the task of forming openings in sheets to simplify. This task is already surprising simple manner by a device according to claim 1, and a method according to claim 21 solved. Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective subclaims.

• – ein Formwerkzeug welches einen Formungskopf an einem ersten Ende eines Schaftes des Werkzeugs aufweist, wobei der Formungskopf in einer Richtung im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Schaft verformbar ist,
• – ein Mundstück, aus welchem der Schaft des Formwerkzeugs mit dem ersten Ende herausragt
• – eine Einrichtung zum Ziehen des Formungskopfes in Richtung des Mundstücks, sowie
• – eine Einrichtung zum Bewegen eines Dorns entlang des Schaftes.

Accordingly, an apparatus according to the invention for forming openings in sheets comprises:

• A forming tool having a forming head at a first end of a shank of the tool, the forming head being deformable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the shank,
• - A mouthpiece from which protrudes the shank of the mold with the first end
• - A device for pulling the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece, as well
• A means for moving a spike along the shaft.

The Forming tool is used to form an opening in a pre-drilled opening in a sheet metal inserted, so that during insertion of the mold into the opening the sheet between mouthpiece and forming head is located. When inserting the mold deformed into the opening the forming head is substantially perpendicular in one direction to the shaft, so that this through the pre-drilled opening passes, or so that the outer circumference around the forming head is less than or equal to the diameter of the predrilled hole. Alternatively or in addition can the perimeter around the mold in the undeformed state even less than or equal to the diameter of the opening present in the sheet metal, so that the forming head during insertion does not need to deform into the hole.

Of the Dorn lets himself by means for moving a spike along the shaft move back and forth between two positions, with the mandrel in a first position allows the deformation of the forming head and prevents deformation in a second position. After insertion is the mandrel is positioned so that the Deformation of the forming head is prevented, so that the forming head when pulling in the direction of the mouthpiece, or on the between mouthpiece and forming head sheet remains dimensionally stable and accurate defined opening will be produced. Preferably, the shaft of the molding tool has to an extending in the axial direction of the forming tool Channel on, in which the mandrel is guided. In addition, can the channel may be conically shaped. Is the mandrel in a conically shaped Channel introduced, so be on the walls of the rejuvenating Channels through the mandrel in the radial direction of a growing pressure exercised. This can be suitably adapted Forming tool used for spreading the tool.

By the pressing the means for pulling the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece is the forming head pulled against the sheet, which thereby between mouthpiece and forming head is clamped. By pinching between the forming head and mouthpiece Then the sheet is processed to form the opening. Especially For example, the forming head may include a cutting head mounted thereon Way a hole in the sheet cuts, which in its shape of the border corresponds to the cutting head.

For the subsequent placement it is also of rivet nuts advantageous if the cutting head has a hexagonal border, so that this correspondingly substantially hexagonal openings in sheets cuts.

however are also a variety of other forms of opening conceivable and for certain Applications of advantage. With easy replacement of the mold the device can be so for other forms of openings be set up. Possible are for example cutting heads for cutting slotted holes, octagonal holes, square or rectangular holes or round holes with protruding inwards or outwards Feathers. Furthermore limited the scope of the device is not limited to the cutting edge Forming of openings in sheets. Suitable molds may, for example, the edges of openings working in sheet bending. The formation of openings with the device according to the invention is not just about a cutting or severing edit of openings limited. Rather, by inserting a mold with suitable Forming head and a matching mouthpiece, the edge region of an opening, for example be chamfered, squeezed, or sunk. In particular, too the Dimpeln the border of the hole is possible with the device, wherein a funnel-shaped Edge area around the hole is created, for example, the heads of Sink blind rivets.

One An essential advantage of the device according to the invention is that the Process flow of the Forming openings no longer needs to be interrupted to on the back Of the sheet manually a mandrel, since the introduction of the mandrel by means of Means for moving the spike is made. By the device according to the invention So first is the production of specially shaped openings in one step, in a sense So at the push of a button allows.

In preferred embodiment comprises the means for moving the mandrel further comprises a pull and / or Pusher. Such a device can be so in the device arrange that it essentially on an axis with the mouthpiece and the Forming tool is located and thus the insertion of the forming head in the to be processed sheet metal parts not hindered.

In order to on the side of the mouthpiece with the forming head no further components of the device the insertion the mold are in the way, the pulling and / or pushing device is preferred on the opposite side of the forming head Side of the mouthpiece arranged. In that the Pulling and / or pushing device on the cutting head opposite Side of the mouthpiece In particular, it is possible to form sheets that not accessible from both sides have to be.

The Deformability of the mold can be particularly simple and Preferably be achieved in that the shank of the forming tool Slots extending from the first end of the tool in extend in the axial direction. The axial direction is preferred the direction along which the centering mandrel is moved.

According to one preferred embodiment of Invention, the forming head is constructed in several parts to the deformability to reach. It can the parts of the multi-part forming head in the radial direction arranged the shaft of resiliently movable portions of the shaft be. By such an arrangement, a deformability of the Forming head in the radial direction of the shaft, respectively substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the tool in the opening of the sheet introduced is achieved.

Advantageous are the means for moving a spike along the shaft and the means for drawing the forming head in the direction of mouthpiece fluid-operated to those required for cutting the sheets high forces to be able to provide.

at a preferred embodiment the device comprises the device for pulling the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece a hydraulic Drawbar. By means of such a hydraulic pulling device The high forces required to cut the holes can be easily produce. In particular, the hydraulic pulling device can be hydropneumatic, for example by means of a pneumatically driven further hydraulic piston operate. This is advantageous because compressed air connections in the Usually at most workshops and industrial workplaces available are. Due to the hydropneumatic operation is also a multiple reduction and correspondingly high forces for actuating the Mold achieved. Also the device for moving the thorn may be advantageous because of the advantages of a compressed air operation pneumatic or hydropneumatic reciprocating piston include.

A particularly versatile usability of the device according to the invention can be achieved when the device comprises a hand-held device. With such a handset can be, for example, openings easy to shape in sheets, which for stationary Devices difficult to access are, such as in mounted body panels on vehicles.

Preferably, the device further comprises a manual actuator, as in For example, a pusher or trigger switch to trigger the device. In particular, the device may be constructed so that in a first position of the actuating device, the means for moving a mandrel along the shaft and in a second position, the means for pulling the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece is triggered. This can be done, for example, by opening and closing valves. For example, in the first position of the actuator compressed air can be passed into a pneumatic lifting cylinder in which a piston is running, which is connected via a push rod with the mandrel. Accordingly, in such an embodiment of the apparatus, the means for moving the mandrel comprises a pneumatic piston connected to the mandrel, the mandrel being pushed into the mold by the pressure exerted on the piston. If the actuator is pushed further into the second position, for example, a further valve can be actuated, which directs compressed air into a further pneumatic cylinder. A pneumatic piston, which runs in this cylinder, can be directly mechanically connected to the molding tool or in particular actuate a hydraulic piston, which presses hydraulic fluid into a further hydraulic cylinder whose piston is mechanically connected to the molding tool.

at such an embodiment So when pressing of the pusher in the first position the mandrel is first moved to the intended position, in which the deformability of the cutting head is suppressed by the mandrel and then withdrawn in the second position or end position of the pusher, so that the Forming head is moved in the direction of the mouthpiece. Of course, the Compressed air valves but also in other ways, for example via suitable Sensors are controlled.

Around after shaping the opening to return the mold to its original position can the means for moving the mandrel along the shaft and / or the device for pulling the forming head has springs, which pull the institutions back to their original positions or -press. The back Move to the starting positions requires compared to forming the openings, for example, the cutting or bending of the sheet, only low effort, so that springs to are generally sufficient. In this way, therefore, too the design effort for a double-sided hydraulic or pneumatic can be avoided.

In order to when retiring of the mold, the means for moving the mandrel along the shank of the mold is not additionally actuated, but relatively To the mold remains at rest, the device can be pulled the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece with the pulling and / or pushing device the means for moving the mandrel along the shank of the mold be mechanically connected with advantage. In this way, the Device for moving the mandrel during retraction together with the mold moves and remains relative to the mold at rest.

• – Einführen eines aufspreizbaren Schneidewerkzeugs, welches an einem ersten Ende einen einen Formungskopf (7), der in einer Richtung im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Schaft (51) verformbar ist, aufweist und zumindest teilweise mit diesem Ende aus einem Mundstück herausragt, in die Öffnung, so daß sich das Blech zwischen dem Formungskopf und dem Mundstück befindet,
• – Bewegen eines Dorns (9) in axialer Richtung entlang des Formwerkzeugs, und,
• – Zurückziehen des Formwerkzeugs, so daß das Blech zwischen Formungskopf und Mundstück geklemmt wird.

The invention provides for solving the problem set in addition to the device according to the invention also a method for forming an opening in a metal sheet according to claim 21, which can be carried out in particular with a device according to the invention. The sheet already has an opening to it. The method comprises the steps:

• Inserting an expandable cutting tool which at a first end comprises a forming head ( 7 ) which is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the shaft ( 51 ) is deformable, and at least partially protrudes with this end of a mouthpiece, in the opening, so that the sheet is located between the forming head and the mouthpiece,
• - moving a thorn ( 9 ) in the axial direction along the mold, and,
• - Retract the mold, so that the sheet is clamped between the forming head and mouthpiece.

Especially For example, the method is suitable, specially shaped openings, such as hexagonal holes to insert the rivet nuts into the sheet, the shape of the opening of the Form of the border of the forming head corresponds.

The However, the process can be done using appropriate forming heads also for chamfering, bending, flanging or for dimpling existing openings be used, even in these cases, the forms of the openings through retreating the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece and the resulting pinching the sheet between forming head and mouthpiece happens.

Preferably, the movement of the mandrel is done by means of a pulling and / or pushing device. In particular, moving the mandrel may include the steps of moving the mandrel from a first to a second position and back again, wherein in a first position, the mandrel allows for deforming the forming head in the radial direction of the shaft and preventing deformation in a second position. Is the Mandrel in the first position, the forming head can be inserted into the opening. Before forming the opening, the mandrel is then moved to the second position and the forming head can no longer deform in the radial direction of the shank, ie substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold, so that a defined shaped opening is created.

Advantageous The step of moving the spine can also be the step of moving by means of a pneumatically actuated Include facility.

The Steps of moving the spine and retracting the mold can continue to be in response to an actuator, to allow a particularly simple implementation of the method. The process steps can doing advantageously by means of pneumatically or hydropneumatically operated Facilities executed become.

The back Move in the starting position of the mold for a further molding process can be done in an advantageous development by means of suitable springs. For example, you can for this when releasing the actuator Valves open which are the pressure in the pneumatic piston of the facilities drain, so that the the piston counteracting springs, the facilities in their original positions return the parcel.

Next a mere one Prevention of deformation of the forming head, the process can also be designed so that the Step of moving the spike the step of spreading the forming head includes. The spreading takes place preferably in the radial direction of the Shank of the mold. In this way can be beneficial, inter alia the area of the sheet to be machined around the pre - drilled opening in the Enlarge sheet metal.

The Invention will become more apparent below based on preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Same Reference numbers refer to the same or similar parts. Show it:

1 a cross-section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

2A to 2C cross-sectional views of the different phases when cutting shaped openings in sheets,

3A to 3C different phases when cutting a hexagonal opening in view of a sheet,

3D a schematic view of a mold with cutting head,

4A to 4E various possible forms of openings, which can be produced in sheets with the device according to the invention, and

5A to 5C based on cross-sectional views through the head portion of a device according to the invention the process of dimpling of openings in sheets.

The following will be referred to first 1 taken. In 1 is a cross section through a preferred Ausführungsforn of the device according to the invention shown in the whole with 1 is designated.

At a headboard 2 the device 1 is a mouthpiece 3 appropriate. The mouthpiece 3 has an opening 4 on, through which a mold 5 is performed so that a first end 6 of the mold 5 from the mouthpiece 3 protrudes. The mold 5 points to this first end 6 further a forming head 7 which, in this embodiment, a cutting head 70 for cutting through sheets.

The mold 5 also has a cylindrically shaped channel 8th on. In the channel 8th there is a centering pin 9 which is at a front end 91 tapered. The centering pin 9 is also connected to a pulling and / or pushing device, which in this embodiment a pneumatic cylinder 18 and a pneumatic piston 17 includes. These parts are in the back part 12 the device on the opposite side of the cutting head of the mouthpiece. By this arrangement, the cutting head is at the front part 2 the device 1 freely accessible.

The centering pin 9 that with the pneumatic piston 17 over a push rod 16 is connected by means of the pulling and / or pushing device in the direction of the first end 6 , or the cutting head 7 pressed. The parts of the multi-part cutting head 7 are in the radial direction of the shaft 51 deformable attached to this. This is achieved in that the shank is slotted in the axial direction at the front end, whereby shaft sections are defined between the slots, which are elastically deformable in the radial direction. At these sections, a part of the cutting head in the form of a cutting jaw is arranged in each case, so that the cutting head is deformable in the radial direction of the shaft as a whole. When inserting the tool in the pre-drilled Opening in the sheet, the cutting jaws are pressed in the radial direction by the edge of the predrilled opening inward, since the perimeter of the cutting head has a larger diameter than the diameter of the predrilled opening. The cutting head expands again to the original perimeter of the cutting head 7 as soon as it has passed through the sheet during insertion.

The cutting of a sheet is then done by the first end 6 of the mold 5 with the cutting head 70 by means for pulling the cutting head in the direction of the mouthpiece 2 is pulled. In this embodiment, this device comprises a hydraulic piston 21 which is in a hydraulic cylinder 23 running, as well as a mechanical connection element 22 which is the mold 5 with the hydraulic piston 21 combines. The device will inject a hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinder 23 emotional.

In this embodiment of the invention is also the pneumatic cylinder 18 the pulling and / or pushing device mechanically with the hydraulic piston 21 connected. This is a relative movement of the centering mandrel 9 to the mold 5 avoided during the retraction.

In the 1 embodiment shown is constructed as a hand-held device. The device 1 is done by means of a manually operated actuator 11 triggered in the manner of a trigger switch. This trigger switch operates as ball valve 13 , as well as a main valve 19 connected. When pushing the trigger switch 11 is initially in a first position of the switch, the ball valve 13 opened, through which compressed air over not in 1 shown channels in a valve head 16 of the pneumatic cylinder 18 is directed. As a result, first the pulling and / or pushing device of the device for moving the mandrel 9 actuated.

By further pushing the trigger switch 11 then becomes the main valve 19 opened and thus compressed air in the main pneumatic cylinder 20 directed. This will be the main pneumatic piston 27 and thus a connected to this hydraulic piston rod 25 emotional. The hydraulic piston rod presses a hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinder 23 , which in turn causes the hydraulic piston 21 is moved. About the mechanical connecting element 22 then becomes the mold 5 pulled so that the cutting head 7 on the mouthpiece 3 too moved.

The feathers 24 and 26 serve to the pneumatic piston 18 and the hydraulic piston 21 to move back to their starting position after a successful hole cutting.

The individual phases of the workflow when creating arbitrarily shaped holes in sheets are again on the basis of 2A to 2C clarified.

The positions of the means for moving the mandrel and the means for pulling the cutting head 70 in the direction of the mouthpiece 2 in 2A correspond to the in 1 shown positions. A sheet 29 is with a hole 31 Mistake. The hole 31 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the cutting head 70 in the undeformed state of the mold 5 is. This allows the front end 6 of the mold 5 in the hole, or the opening 31 Insert, so that the sheet 29 between cutting head 7 and mouthpiece 3 located.

Another phase of the hole cutting process shows 2 B , When operating the trigger switch 11 up to a first position becomes the ball valve 13 opened and compressed air penetrates via valve head 15 in pneumatic cylinders 18 a, whereby the pneumatic piston 17 is moved in the direction of arrow A. The one with the piston 17 over the push rod 16 connected centering mandrel 9 becomes thereby in the channel 8th of the mold 5 in the direction of the cutting head 70 moved to an end position. If the centering pin is in this end position, then the elastically deformable sections of the molding tool lie 5 at the centering pin 9 on, thereby preventing that the sections and thus the cutting jaws arranged thereon can move radially inwards. In this way, a deformation of the cutting head during hole cutting is accordingly prevented.

In 2C another phase of the hole cutting process is shown. The trigger switch 11 is further pulled through to a second position, whereupon the main pneumatic valve 19 is opened. As a result, compressed air flows into pneumatic master cylinder 20 and the main pneumatic piston 27 will work together with the associated hydraulic piston rod 25 pressed in the direction of arrow B. Therefore, the hydraulic fluid volume becomes 28 downsized and hydraulic fluid in hydraulic cylinder 23 pressed. As a result, in turn, the hydraulic cylinder 21 and connected via the mechanical connection element 22 the mold 5 moved in the direction of arrow C. This will make the cutting head 70 towards the mouthpiece 3 pulled out and that between mouthpiece 3 and cutting head 7 located sheet intersected and a corresponding to the outline shape of the cutting head 70 shaped hole 33 in the tin 29 generated.

After the cutting process is triggered by releasing the trigger switch 11 Valves open so that the compressed air from the tire matikzylindern 18 and 20 can escape. Then the pneumatic piston, or the means for moving the mandrel 9 and for pulling the cutting head towards the mouthpiece by relaxing the springs 24 and 26 brought back to their original situation.

Below is on the 3A to 3C Referenced. These figures illustrate in plan view of a sheet the different phases when cutting an arbitrarily shaped hole. By way of example, the method for cutting a hexagonal opening is shown. First, a sheet metal with a predrilled hole 31 provided. In the hole, as in 3A shown is a mold 7 introduced, which cutting jaws 71 . 72 . 73 comprises, which are connected to radially resilient portions of the mold shaft. The main body also contains a channel 8th along which the centering pin 9 is guided and moved. The outer circumference 37 the cutting head has a larger diameter than the pre-drilled opening in the relaxed state of the mold 31 ,

In 3B is the subsequent phase of inserting the tool into the opening 31 shown. By inserting the tool, the cutting jaws 71 . 72 . 73 of the cutting head 70 in the radial direction of the shaft, or of the shaft extending in the axial direction of the channel 8th pressed together. This will be the diameter of the outer perimeter 37 of the cutting head 70 approximately equal to the diameter of the predrilled hole 31 so that the cutting head can be completely inserted. The cutting jaws 71 . 72 . 73 spread after passing through the sheet due to the resilient arrangement again, so that a to 3A similar state, wherein after insertion now the area of the shank of the tool between the mouthpiece and cutting head 70 in the opening 31 plugged.

3C shows the final phase of the log cutting process. By inserting the centering mandrel 9 become the cutting jaws 71 . 72 . 73 of the cutting head 70 prevented from moving resiliently in the radial direction of the channel inwards. Introducing the spine 9 takes place by means of a pulling and / or pushing device. The outer circumference 37 the cutting head now again has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the predrilled hole 31 is. Following the movement of the spine 9 from a first position in which the deformation of the cutting head 70 is enabled by resilient movement of the shaft portions, in a second position in which such a movement in the radial direction is prevented by the mandrel, then the hole is cut by retracting the mold, wherein the sheet between the cutting head 70 and the mouthpiece, not shown, is clamped.

In 3D is a schematic perspective view of a cutting tool 5 shown. The tool 5 has as a basic body a shaft 51 on. At a first end 6 of the tool is the cutting head 7 , which three cutting jaws 71 . 72 and 73 includes. The shaft also has slots between each two adjacent cutting jaws 52 on. Between each two slots are so sections 54 of the shaft 51 defined in the radial direction of the shaft 51 , or the channel extending therein in the axial direction 8th are resiliently movable. At these sections 54 is in each case a part of the multi-part cutting tool in the form of a cutting jaw 71 . 72 or 73 arranged so that the cutting head 70 as a whole also in the radial direction of the shaft 51 is deformable. At the second end 10 The tool is also an annular stop 53 mounted, which together with a counter-stop in the device prevents the tool is pressed out of the device during pressing. The area facing the sheet during hole cutting 81 of the cutting head 70 is also concave, so that upon retraction of the mold first, the cutting edges 80 come into contact with the sheet and cut the sheet by cutting. The mouthpiece may then have, for example, a flat surface facing the sheet metal.

The following refers to the 4A to 4E taken. In these figures, various hole shapes are shown by way of example, which can be produced with correspondingly shaped cutting tools using the device according to the invention. The pre-drilled holes 31 , through which the cutting tool is inserted before spreading, are indicated by dashed lines.

In 4A is a first form of a shaped opening in the form of a hexagonal or hexagonal hole 331 shown. As already mentioned above, such holes are particularly suitable for receiving and fixing rivet nuts with hexagonal shank. To use, for example, rivet nuts with octagonal edge, can also use the device also octagonal holes 332 one of which is exemplified in 4B is shown.

However, such shaped openings can be advantageously used for a variety of other applications. For example, with the device when using a suitable cutting tool and slots 333 he be witnesses as an example in 4C is shown.

4D shows a shaped hole 334 as it may be suitable, inter alia, to attach a connector or electrical switch in the sheet metal can.

In 4E is a molded hole producible with the device according to the invention 335 shown, which is substantially round and an inwardly projecting spring 336 having. Such holes are for example also used for receiving switches, wherein such a switch has a thread with a groove corresponding to the spring and secures the switch against rotation.

In 4E is yet another embodiment 337 an arbitrarily shaped hole shown. The hole 337 is also partially round in shape and has a flattening 338 on. Also, such a shape of a hole can prevent the twisting of threaded components inserted into the hole when the threaded part has a corresponding flattening instead of a groove.

The 5A to 5C show through cross-sectional views through the head 2 the device 1 for forming apertures in sheets, the steps of making dimpled apertures.

The forming head 7 of the mold 5 has tapered jaws in this embodiment 74 on. These jaws 74 correspond in shape to a conically shaped depression 41 of the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is in this embodiment by means of a thread 39 at the headboard 2 attached, so that the mouthpiece is easy to change. The mold 5 is also with a ring-shaped stop 53 with a mechanical connecting element 22 which is part of a device for pulling the forming head in the direction of the mouthpiece.

The mold 5 in this exemplary embodiment has one from the second end 10 to the first end 6 of the tool towards tapered channel 8th on. In the channel 8th is a centering pin 9 insertable, which for spreading the mold 5 serves. The shank of the mold is similar to that of 3D shown slotted longitudinally, so that the slotted part of the shaft is resiliently movable in the radial direction and can spread.

In 5A is the mold 5 shown in the unexpanded state, which with the out of the mouthpiece 2 outstanding ending 6 in an opening 31 a sheet is inserted, so that the sheet 29 between the forming head 7 and the mouthpiece 3 located.

After insertion of the mold 5 in the opening 31 is by pressing the device for moving thorn 9 this along the shaft 51 in the tapered channel 8th introduced, whereupon the tool 5 at its first end 6 as based on 5B is shown, spreads.

The mold 5 will then move towards the mouthpiece 3 pulled, so that the sheet 29 between forming head 7 and mouthpiece 3 is clamped. Through the on the mold 5 traction finally exerted, as in 5C shown is the border area 43 of the sheet in the area around the opening 31 bent around so that around the opening 31 around a funnel-shaped recessed area arises. This completes the process of dimpening the opening. After moving the mold back 5 and the centering pin 9 in their initial positions, the mold 5 pulled out of the opening and inserted into another opening for dimpling.

1

contraption for forming openings in sheets

2

headboard

3

mouthpiece

4

Opening in mouthpiece

5

mold

51

shaft of the mold

52

slot

53

attack

54

resilient portions of the shaft 51

6

first End of the mold

7

A former head of the mold

70

cutting head

71, 72, 73

Cutting jaws

74

jaws

8th

Channel in the mold 5

9

centering

91

conical tapered end of the centering mandrel

10

second End of the mold

11

actuator

12

Rear part of the device 1

13

ball valve

15

valve head

16

pushrod

17

pneumatic piston

18

pneumatic cylinder

19

main valve

20

Main pneumatic cylinder

21

hydraulic pistons

22

mechanical connecting element

23

hydraulic cylinders

24

feather

25

Hydraulic piston rod

26

feather

27

Main pneumatic piston

28

Hydraulic fluid volume

29

sheet

31

opening

33

cut-out, arbitrarily shaped hole

37

outside perimeter the cutting head of the spread cutting tool

39

thread

41

conical Depression of the mouthpiece

43

Edge area of the sheet 29 in the area of the opening 31

80

cutting edges

81

concave area of the cutting head

331

cut hexagonal opening

332

cut octagonal opening

333

excised Long hole

334

cut out opening to Recording a connector or switch

335

cut-out opening with inwardly projecting spring

336

feather

337

Cut-out opening with flattening

338

flattening

Claims (30)

Contraption ( 1 ) for forming openings ( 33 . 331 - 335 ) in sheets ( 29 ), comprising: - a mold ( 5 ) which has a forming head ( 7 ) at a first end ( 6 ) of a shaft ( 51 ) of the tool ( 5 ), wherein the forming head ( 7 ) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the shaft ( 51 ) is expandable, - a mouthpiece ( 3 ), from which the shank of the molding tool ( 5 ) with the first end ( 6 ) stands out - an institution ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) in the direction of the mouthpiece ( 3 ), characterized by a device ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for moving a spike ( 9 ) along the shaft ( 51 ), whereby the shaft ( 51 ) of the forming tool ( 5 ) in the axial direction of the forming tool ( 5 ) extending channel ( 8th ), in which the mandrel ( 9 ) to be led. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel ( 8th ) is conically shaped. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft ( 51 ) of the forming tool ( 5 ) Slots ( 52 ) extending from the first end ( 6 ) of the tool ( 5 ) extend along the axial direction thereof. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forming head ( 7 ) is in several parts. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the parts ( 71 . 72 . 73 ) of the multi-part forming head ( 7 ) in the radial direction of the shaft ( 51 ) resiliently movable sections ( 54 ) of the shaft ( 51 ) are arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the forming head ( 7 ) as a cutting head ( 70 ) is trained. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the cutting head ( 70 ) has a hexagonal border. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pulling and / or pushing device ( 17 . 18 ) on the forming head ( 7 ) opposite side of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) is arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the device ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for moving the spine ( 9 ) and the facility ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) in the direction of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) are pressure-medium-operated. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the device ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) in the direction of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) a hydraulic pulling device ( 21 . 23 ). Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the hydraulic pulling device ( 21 . 23 ) is operated hydropneumatically. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the device ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for spreading the mold a pneumatic reciprocating piston ( 17 ). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the pneumatic lifting piston ( 17 ) via a push rod ( 16 ) with a centering pin ( 9 ) connected is. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the device ( 1 ) comprises a handset. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the device ( 1 ) an actuating device ( 11 ) to trigger. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that in a first position of the actuating device ( 11 ) the facility ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for spreading the expandable mold ( 5 ) and in a second position, the establishment ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) in the direction of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) is pressed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by at least one spring ( 24 . 26 ) to move the device back ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for spreading and / or furnishing ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) after a sheet forming operation in their initial positions. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the device ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) for pulling the forming head ( 7 ) in the direction of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) with the pulling and / or pushing device ( 17 . 18 ) of the institution ( 9 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) for spreading the expandable mold ( 5 ) is mechanically connected. Method of forming an opening ( 33 . 331 - 335 ) in a sheet ( 29 ), which has at least one opening ( 31 ), with a device ( 1 ), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 14, comprising the steps: - introducing a molding tool ( 5 ), which at a first end ( 6 ) of a shaft ( 51 ) a forming head ( 7 ) which is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the shaft ( 51 ) is deformable, and at least partially with this end ( 6 ) from a mouthpiece ( 3 ) protrudes into the opening ( 31 ), so that the sheet ( 29 ) between the forming head ( 7 ) and the mouthpiece ( 3 ), - moving a thorn ( 9 ) in the axial direction along the mold, - retraction of the mold ( 5 ), so that the sheet ( 29 ) between forming head ( 7 ) and mouthpiece ( 3 ) is clamped. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the step of retracting the mold ( 5 ) the step of cutting an opening ( 33 . 331 - 335 ). Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the step of retracting the mold ( 5 ) the step of dimpling the edge region of an opening ( 31 . 33 . 331 - 335 ). Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the step of retracting the mold ( 5 ) the step of chamfering and / or crimping the edge region of an opening ( 31 . 33 . 331 - 335 ). Method according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the movement of a mandrel ( 9 ) in the axial direction along the mold moving the mandrel by means of a pulling and / or pushing device ( 17 . 18 ). Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the movement of a mandrel ( 9 ) in the axial direction along the mold by means of a pulling and / or pushing device ( 17 . 18 ) which happens on the forming head ( 7 ) opposite side of the mouthpiece ( 3 ) is arranged. Method according to one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the step of moving the mandrel ( 9 ) comprises the steps of moving the mandrel from a first to a second position and back again, the mandrel in a first position allowing the forming head to be deformed in the radial direction of the shaft and preventing deformation in a second position. Method according to one of Claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the step of retracting the mold ( 5 ) the step of retracting the mold ( 5 ) by means of a hydraulic pulling device ( 21 . 23 ). Method according to claim 26, characterized in that the hydraulic pulling device ( 21 . 23 ) is operated hydropneumatically. A method according to any one of claims 19 to 27, further comprising the step of moving the mold back ( 5 ) in its starting position. The method of claim 28, wherein the step of retracting by means of at least one tension spring ( 24 . 26 ) is performed. Method according to one of Claims 19 to 29, characterized that the Step of moving the spike the step of spreading the forming head includes.