DE10202628A1 - Multi-stable positioning/control device e.g. for bistable relay, includes component with permanent magnetic properties arranged in series with interconnected permanent magnetic part-zones - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-stable adjustment/positioning device has devices (12,14) for preparing a first variable magnetic field and a component (16) with permanent magnetic properties. A receptacle (18) accommodates the permanent magnetic component (16). The component has a series of inter-connected permanent magnetic part-zones (24,26) which are arranged so that both ends (28,30) of the series are magnetically polarized in the same sense.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-stable adjusting device Means for providing a first variable Magnetic field, a component with permanent magnetic properties, a receiving device which receives the component and which provides at least two stable layers for the component, wherein the component by changing the first magnetic field of each one of the stable positions in another of the stable positions is moved.

A bistable actuator of the type mentioned above is known from DE 197 44 396 A1.

The known bistable actuating device relates to a bistable Relay for the high current range.

High currents can be switched in many areas of technology; the power supply from Industrial trucks called, with the continuous currents of 300 A and Peak currents of 1,800 A can occur.

The known relay has a coil and a movable Anchor on by the magnetic flux generated in the coil attracts or falls off, opening resilient contacts or closes. A permanent magnet is arranged in the armature attracted state of the armature closes a magnetic circuit and thus the armature in his even after switching off the coil current Holds position. The one in the well-known bistable relay permanent or permanent magnet used - like all Permanent magnets - one north and one south pole. The bistability the arrangement results from the fact that in one stable Location of the North Pole to a magnetic yoke and in the in another position, the south pole couples to a magnetic yoke. By pulsed energization of the coil becomes a variable Coil magnetic field generated that with sufficient strength Permanent magnets against its holding force of one stable Position can move to the other stable position.

According to DE 197 44 396 A1, current pulses can be used for switching a duration of less than 50 ms may be sufficient. The However, the coil current must be sufficiently large for that in the coil excited magnetic flux the magnetic holding force of the Can overcome permanent magnets. This demand places Minimum dimensions for the electrical system to generate the first variable magnetic field, especially the coil. The The minimum size of the coil in turn means that the weight and the volume of the overall construction certain minimum values exceeds. This applies analogously to the means of provision of the coil current and the means for controlling the coil current.

Although the known solution already in terms of construction volume and Offers weight advantages over permanently energized relays, restrictions result from the demands mentioned with regard to further minimizing the construction volume, the weight, the power consumption and in particular the response behavior of the Relay, d. H. the time delay between a control command for triggering a switching process and releasing the armature a stable position where the magnetic holding force must be overcome.

Against this background, the object of the invention is Specification of an improved multi-stable actuator.

This task is the multistable actuator type mentioned solved in that the permanent magnetic component a series of interconnected has permanent magnetic partial areas which are arranged in such a way that the two ends of the series of the same name magnetic Have polarization. Both ends of the row either have one North pole, or both ends of the row have a south pole on. Such an arrangement is also referred to below "opposite pole arrangement" called.

This advantageously experiences multistable, in particular bistable arrangement already in a weak external magnetic field a comparatively strong magnetic force in one Direction. For example, the row represents a north-north arrangement is the one north pole from the south pole of the outer field attracted, and the other north pole becomes the north pole of the outer one Field repelled. Add up due to the north-north arrangement the acting repulsive and attractive forces. The Stable layers can be created, for example, by soft magnetic Yoke parts or be formed by permanent magnets.

For example, the arrangement is stable Location in which one of the two north poles on its yoke part couples, so the excitation of a comparatively is sufficient weak external magnetic field to this north pole of his Repel yoke part and at the same time the other north pole of To attract the south pole of the external magnetic field. this has in particular an improved response of the Adjustment device as a result, since the previously adhering north pole is repelled from its previous stable position.

In contrast, the one known from DE 197 44 396 A1 Dipole arrangement (north-south) has the disadvantage that the interaction forces of the external magnetic field with the individual poles of the permanent magnetic dipoles are directed in the opposite direction, so that Subtract repulsive and attractive forces. An outside Magnetic field that accelerates one pole works At the same time, it tends to delay the other pole. Because of this property are in the known device Inhomogeneities in the external magnetic field or asymmetries in the Construction of the bistable actuator required to Net force components in a desired direction too produce.

In DE 197 44 396 A1 z. B. exciters and release coils called, which is considered as an example of constructive asymmetries can be. Also the armature containing the permanent magnet is designed asymmetrically in DE 197 44 396 A1.

From these comparisons it follows that the subject of present invention disadvantageous above Limitations of the known solution can be overcome in whole or in part and thus completely solves the task.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the above Row of magnetic names of the same name at both ends of the row Has polarization, at least one Non-permanent magnetic portion that is between two permanent magnetic sections is arranged.

This arrangement creates a certain distance between the magnetic polarizations of the same name inside the Line. Because the magnetic interaction increases with distance decreases, causes the non-permanent magnetic part a weakening of the repulsion between the opposite poles Arrangement of magnetic polarizations of the same name inside the series.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the non-permanent magnetic partial area at least partially. there is soft magnetic material.

As has been shown, the soft magnetic material has the Property, the repulsive forces between the opposite pole At least to reduce the arrangement of the permanent magnets.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that soft magnetic material a single compact volume fills.

Alternatively, the soft magnetic material is in at least two partial volumes of the non-permanent magnetic Subarea arranged with at least one slide or paramagnetic further sub-area mechanically or adhesive are connected.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before that the amount of the soft magnetic material in Connection with its spatial distribution within the non-permanent magnetic partial area a magnetic adhesion of the two permanent magnetic sections on the non-permanent magnetic partial area.

This has the particular advantage that the permanent magnetic sections each isolated on the Connect the non-permanent magnetic section so that the opposite pole Arrangement of the permanent magnets despite that between them expected repulsive forces due to purely magnetic Interactions are held together without further aids. This Embodiment of the permanent magnetic component is independently of the actuating device according to the invention Viewed invention.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the permanent magnetic sections by at least one inner and / or an outer bracket are mechanically connected.

Because a mechanical clamp requires less mass than for a magnetic coupling through soft magnetic material would be necessary with this solution weight-critical applications, such as in aircraft construction and Space sector. The bracket can alternatively or be provided in addition to magnetic adhesion.

A further embodiment therefore provides that the non-permanent magnetic portion is filled with the substance that the cradle outside of the permanent magnetic component fills (air, gas or liquid).

In this way, the advantages of a mechanical Bracketing with the advantage of a certain distance between the opposite pole arrangement can be combined inside the row. The rejection gets smaller with increasing distance reduces the mechanical load on the bracket caused by this can be dimensioned weaker.

Another embodiment of the invention provides at least a movable magnet, especially a manual one movable permanent magnet as a means for providing the first variable magnetic field.

This can advantageously be a manual non-contact Switching high working currents even if necessary damaged electrical insulation of the working currents.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the Means for providing the first variable magnetic field an electrical current path with at least one Induction loop, in particular a coil, and means for changing of an electric current flowing through the current path exhibit.

In this embodiment, the above advantages occur particularly clear, since it is already a comparative one small electrical current flow is a weak one, but for Switch the actuating device according to the invention sufficient first variable magnetic field generated.

Preferably, the means for changing the through the Current path flowing electrical current a power source and Control means, wherein the control means a first Have control position, the predetermined electric current Strength from the power source in a first direction through the Current path flows, and wherein the control means a second Have control position that an electric current predetermined strength from the power source in a first direction flow in the opposite second direction through the current path lets, and wherein the control means a third control position have an electrical current flow from the power source at least reduced (usually turns off). This Embodiment allows easy control of the switching operations the multi-stable actuator according to the invention, which in this embodiment is a bistable actuator. In the first control position, the component is in a first spent stable position, in the second tax position in the other stable position. In the third tax position the control device usually without power. The component remains in the last position.

Alternatively, it is advantageous if the means for Providing the first variable magnetic field at least one first and a second current path, each with at least one Induction loop (especially coil) and means for Change one flowing through one of the current paths have electrical current. This embodiment represents one Alternative to the above embodiment with comparable advantages, but usually requires more Space for the induction loops (coils).

It is preferred if the means for changing the through each have a current path of flowing electrical current Have current source and control means, the control means have a first control position that an electrical Current of predetermined strength from the current source through the first Current path flows, and wherein the control means a second Have control position that an electric current a given strength flows through the second current path, and a have third control position, the current flow from the Current source at least reduced (usually switches off), the two current paths are each aligned so that the from the current flow through the associated induction loops resulting magnetic fields point in different directions.

Another embodiment provides that each current path several forming an electromagnetic coil Has induction loops.

This embodiment provides the advantage of one with the number the induction loops with finely tunable generation of the first variable magnetic field, to adapt to the various applications and / or holding forces of the used Magnets.

A preferred embodiment provides that at least one Induction loop the cradle with the surrounding the permanent magnetic component.

This arrangement has the advantage that the with first external magnetic field interacting permanent magnet in the Area of greatest field strength of the first variable Magnetic field is arranged.

The receiving device advantageously has a Longitudinal axis, in the direction of which the permanent magnetic component is movable, and that the receiving device further two has circumferential webs that extend in the radial direction extend and have an axial distance from each other, and that the at least one induction loop between the rotating ones Web runs and the cradle externally includes.

With this embodiment, the advantage of one is special compact construction with optimal efficiency of the Interaction between that of the induction loop or the First generated variable magnetic field with the coil Permanent magnets connected. In particular, this can Component be guided inside a coil carrier.

Another embodiment provides that the Receiving device has two cover elements, which Limit the receiving device in the axial direction.

The limitation by means of cover elements results advantageously different structural degrees of freedom, the adaptation the adjusting device according to the invention to various Enable applications. The cover elements can, for example be non-magnetic and seal the cradle if the actuating device according to the invention as a liquid-filled Hydraulic switch is formed. Alternatively or in addition they can be designed as soft magnetic components that define the (stable) positions to which the permanent magnetic component magnetically coupled.

An embodiment of this embodiment sees one with the permanent magnetic component movable plunger in front of itself through a hole in a cover element from the Cradle extends out and in one of the stable positions of the permanent magnetic component actuates an actuating element. This configuration also provides constructive Degrees of freedom in adapting the actuating device according to the invention to different applications.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the Control element two electrically conductive contacts and one with the tappet coupled contact plate, the two electrically conductive contacts in one of the two stable ones Layers of the permanent magnetic component closes and in the other stable position of the component opens.

This configuration represents a powerful bistable Relay for switching high currents with improved Responsiveness ready with reduced weight and volume.

Another embodiment is characterized in that a extending part of the outside of the receiving device Ram the contact plate over a first resilient Element leads resiliently movable.

In other words, the contact plate is axial slidably mounted on the plunger and by the resilient Element preloaded in the direction of contact. This configuration also enables the setting of reproducible contact forces in the case of a spread of the magnetic properties of the permanent magnetic component as well as with dimensional tolerances of the various individual components of the actuator according to the invention.

It is preferred if there is a movement of the ram Direction of the contacts spring loaded onto the contact plate transfers to the contacts and one Further movement of the plunger in this direction after placing the Contact plate by changing the length of the elastic Element added with the contact plate resting on the contacts becomes. This embodiment has that in the previous paragraph mentioned advantages in particular.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the Tappet when changing the permanent magnetic component to the stable position in which the contact opens with a second one resilient element is moved away from the contacts.

This embodiment enables a reliable opening of the Contacts even with a non-positive or non-positive connection of the plunger with the permanent magnetic component.

It is also advantageous if the plunger at the end that extends within the cradle, is designed permanently magnetic or soft magnetic and magnetic coupled to the permanent magnetic component.

This embodiment has the advantage that the second spring elastic element is dispensable or smaller can be dimensioned.

Another embodiment provides that at least one the cover elements at least partially made of soft magnetic Material exists.

This embodiment has the advantage that Cover element forms a yoke part and consequently a magnetic Coupling of the permanent magnetic component allowed, whereby a stable location is provided in a simple manner.

Preferably has at least one cover element soft magnetic pole piece element, which in the Receiving device protrudes.

This embodiment enables a reduction in so-called harmful air gap, d. H. the distance between the permanent magnetic component that is stable in one Location, to the element of the other stable location, from which has a strong magnetic interaction with the permanent magnetic component. In this way, the for Switching the permanent magnetic component required force and thus the required magnetic field strength, respectively Excitation current, can be further reduced.

Another embodiment provides that the Recording device with the cover elements a liquid-filled Working cylinder forms in which the permanent magnetic component acts as a displacement piston, which is a hydraulic actuator actuated.

With this embodiment there are various advantages connected. On the one hand, this embodiment, in particular Use of strong permanent magnets in hydraulic circuits be used. A liquid filling further reduces also in other applications when switching the Noises occurring in the permanent magnetic component.

Another embodiment provides that third spring-elastic elements that make up the permanent magnetic component spring-elastic latching in the event of a weak or missing magnetic field hold in a stable position.

This embodiment initially provides an alternative for the Provision of stable layers of the permanent magnetic component in the receiving device by means of magnetic coupling. The third resilient elements can be added Application with magnetic couplings the coupling strength in the stable locations increase if a special application does this should require. Alternatively, you can use the magnetic Coupling with soft iron cover (yokes) also replace what at weight-critical applications is advantageous.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the permanent magnetic areas of the permanent magnetic Contain rare earths in addition to iron (for example Neodymium and boron).

It is understood that the above and the Features to be explained below not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used alone without the scope of the to leave the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention are in the drawing are shown and are described in more detail in the following description explained. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the actuating device according to the invention;

FIG. 2a magnetic interactions when joining a particularly advantageous embodiment of the permanent-magnetic component;

FIG. 2b shows magnetic interactions as they occur in the assembled state of this advantageous embodiment;

Fig. 3 the first high-repellent, then attracting course of the force on approaching of a permanent magnet to a composite of an opposite polarity arranged permanent magnet with a soft-magnetic intermediate section;

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the permanent-magnetic member, wherein the opposite poles arranged permanent magnets of the permanent magnetic member are held together by an external mechanical clip;

5 shows a further embodiment of the permanent-magnetic member having an inner mechanical clamp.

Fig. 6 is a bonded connection of the permanent magnetic fields of the permanent magnetic component as well as an optionally present non-magnetic support;

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the mechanical brackets of Figure 4 in conjunction with an intermediate region which separates the two permanent magnetic fields of the permanent magnetic component.

Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the permanent-magnetic component in which the permanent magnetic portions magnetically coupling each to an individual magnetic portion which is connected by a diamagnetic or paramagnetic intermediate portion with the other soft magnetic portion.

Fig. 9 shows an arrangement of the soft magnetic portions are embedded in a plastic matrix, and which can be used for the magnetic coupling of the opposite poles oriented permanent magnetic portions of the permanent-magnetic component;

Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the adjusting device of the invention with an electromagnetic generation of the first variable magnetic field in an embodiment of a bistable relay for switching currents;

FIG. 11 shows an equivalent diagram of the circuit for generating the first variable magnetic field in the actuating device of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an alternative to the electromagnetic generation of the first alternating magnetic field;

FIG. 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an embodiment of FIG 12 to the corresponding circuit for generating the first alternating magnetic field.

FIG. 14 is high a detailed exemplary embodiment of a bistable actuator according to the invention in the embodiment as a bistable relay circuit flows;

Fig. 15 shows an alternative embodiment of the object of Fig. 14;

FIG. 16 is the essential difference between the two aforementioned embodiments in prominent form;

Figure 17a is a further embodiment of a positioning device according to the invention with a pole shoe for reducing the harmful air gap.

Fig 17b the influence of the expansion of the specified air gap to magnetic force effects.

Fig. 18 an embodiment of a bistable actuator according to the invention as a magnet-hydraulic positioning device. In addition, details of FIG. 18 show elastic elements as an alternative possibility of defining stable positions for the permanent magnetic component in the receiving device;

Schematically how the inventive principle can be generalized by a bistable actuator for a multi-stable positioning device Fig. 19.

In FIG. 1, numeral 10 denotes an overall view of an exemplary embodiment of a bistable actuating device according to the invention with a first movable magnet 12 and, optionally, a second movable magnet 14 . The movable magnets 12 and 14 can be implemented both as electromagnets and as permanent magnets. They represent means for providing a first variable magnetic field.

A component 16 with permanent magnetic properties can be moved in a holding device 18 between two stable positions. The receiving device 18 has a hollow cylinder 19 and two cover elements 20 , 22 closing the hollow cylinder 19 . In the illustrated embodiment, the two stable layers are realized by the cover elements 20 and 22 made of soft magnetic material. These form yoke parts. The yoke parts can also be designed independently of the lids.

In the position shown, the component 16 with permanent magnetic properties magnetically couples to the soft magnetic cover element 20 .

The component 16 with permanent magnetic properties has a series of interconnected permanent magnetic subregions 24 and 26 which are arranged with opposite poles, so that the two ends 28 and 30 of the series have magnetic polarization of the same name. In other words, the ends 28 and 30 of the row represent either both north poles or both south poles, in the representation north poles. Optionally, the series contains a non-permanent magnetic partial area 32 , which is arranged between the permanent magnetic partial areas 24 and 26 and which connects the two permanent magnetic partial areas 24 and 26 to one another in a fixed position relative to one another, so that the two permanent magnetic partial areas 24 and 26 can only be moved together , In the present case, the permanent magnetic subregions 24 , 26 are formed by massive cylindrical plates made of rare earth magnets, which have no recess. The section 32 is a cylindrical soft iron plate.

The number 34 denotes a plunger with which movements of the component 16 can be transmitted to any control elements, for example to electrical switches. In the position shown, the plunger 34 is firmly connected to one end 30 of the component 16 . The permanent magnetic component 16 thus represents a magnet armature which is slidably movable in the receiving device 18 , which can be lined with a low-friction coating 36 . The plunger is usually non-magnetic.

In an experimental arrangement, the receiving device 18 was realized with an aluminum tube 19 with an outer diameter of 16 mm, an inner diameter of 14 mm and a length of 23 mm. The permanent magnetic sections 24 and 26 were connected by a soft magnetic steel disc with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 8 mm as the section 32 . A low-friction coating on the inner circumference of the tube 19 consisted of a plastic lining with a wall thickness of 1 mm. The cover elements 20 and 22 were realized as soft magnetic steel covers with a thickness of 0.3 mm. Fully cylindrical VACODYM magnets with rare earths as a component and 5 mm width and 12 mm diameter were used as permanent magnetic sections 24 and 26 .

In this arrangement, an adhesive force of the individual magnets against soft magnetic steel of 27.5 N was measured. In the arrangement of FIG. 1, each south pole of the permanent magnetic areas 24 and 26 adhered to the non-permanent magnetic partial area 32 made of soft magnetic material with this holding force. The free north poles at the ends 28 and 30 of the row also had their almost full holding force (27 N), with which they can adhere to one of the cover elements 20 , 22 in a stable position.

Overall, a permanent magnet arrangement with two north poles (or with two south poles) is created as an exemplary embodiment of the component 16 with permanent magnetic properties. This permanent magnet arrangement is characterized in that it is held together only by magnetic force, that is, it does not require any additional connecting elements. The permanent magnetic areas 24 and 26 and the intermediate layer made of soft magnetic steel can be roughly inserted into the receiving device 18 . The permanent magnet arrangement (armature) 24 , 32 , 26 is centered by radial knocking, so that it can be moved easily in the receiving device 18 . The component 16 thus formed, with permanent magnetic properties, then adheres, depending on the starting position, with one of its north poles to one of the cover elements 20 and 22 , in the present case to the cover element 20 . By approaching the north pole of the movable magnet 12 , the permanent magnetic component 16 is repelled by the cover element 20 , since the field lines penetrate the saturated, 0.3 mm thick cover 20 . The permanent magnetic component 16 is then moved into the stable position on the cover element 22 .

By reversing the pole direction of the movable magnet 12 , the component 16 with permanent magnetic properties can be moved back and forth between the cover elements 20 and 22 . The movement can be accelerated if e.g. B. a second movable magnet 14 is used.

In the following, the formation of the magnetic cohesion of the oppositely-arranged arrangement of permanent magnets 24 , 26 , which initially suggests a pure repulsion, is explained in a model.

In the illustration in FIG. 2a, a partial area 32 , here made of soft magnetic material, adheres to the permanent magnetic partial area 24 . In this arrangement, the permanent-magnetic partial area 24 alone shapes the magnetization of the soft-magnetic partial area 32 here , so that the field lines, of which a single field line 38 is shown by way of example, emerge on the left from the permanent-magnetic area 24 and on the right into the soft-magnetic partial area 32 enter. The right end of this arrangement corresponds to a magnetic south pole. When the magnetic south pole of a further magnetic partial region 26 approaches, the repulsive interaction between the arrangement 24 , 32 and the magnetic partial region 26 initially increases. With further approximation, the magnetic partial area 26 also begins to shape the magnetization of the soft magnetic partial area 32 . The permanent magnetic sub-region 26 impresses its magnetization as the sub-regions of the soft-magnetic sub-region approach larger and larger. On the one hand, this reduces the repulsive interaction of the magnetization of parts of the soft magnetic partial area 32 , which is characterized by the permanent magnet 24 , and at the same time establishes an attractive interaction with the parts of the soft magnetic partial area 32 , the magnetization of which is characterized by the permanent magnetic partial area 26 . When the approach is complete, the state shown in FIG. 2b is established, in which the two permanent magnetic sections 24 and 26 each adhere with their south pole to a north pole induced in the soft magnetic section 32 . The repulsive forces of the south poles, which are oriented with opposite poles in the soft magnetic partial area 32 , are deflected radially outwards or compensated by cohesive forces inherent in the solid, so that the overall stable arrangement shown results.

This structure of a permanent magnetic component for technical applications from magnets with opposite polarity (electrical or permanent magnets), in which the repulsive forces are to a certain extent concentrated in a solid in which the atomic connected forces overcompensate the rejection, comes independent inventive meaning and becomes the basis a divisional application, which may have to be submitted later.

FIG. 3 shows the course of the interaction between the composite 24 , 32 and the permanent-magnetic partial area 26 when merging. The course of the force F from right to left, that is to say increasing with increasing distance, represents a repulsive force which decreases again when falling below a certain minimum distance, changes its sign relatively steeply and thus has an attractive effect. 1 indicates the length of the partial area 32 .

However, the actuating device according to the invention does not have to inevitably from the arrangement described above from two permanent magnetic sections and one in between use the arranged soft magnetic partial area. The formation of a component essential to the invention permanent magnetic properties from a number of interconnected permanent magnetic sub-areas arranged in opposite poles can also be achieved by mechanical or adhesive couplings can be achieved.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a mechanical coupling with the outer brackets 40th The outer brackets 40 are preferably made of a soft magnetic material of high permeability in order to shield the inner magnetic poles, here south-south, from the first variable magnetic field.

FIG. 5 shows a modification of a mechanical clamp, in which an inner clamp 42 holds the two permanent-magnetic subregions 24 and 26 aligned with opposite polarity. The clip 42 can form the plunger 34 .

FIG. 6 illustrates an adhesive coupling of permanent magnetic subregions 24 and 26 with opposite polarity with a layer 44 that is adhesive on both sides. In addition, FIG. 6 illustrates the possibility of changing the magnetic properties of at least one permanent-magnetic partial area 24 or 26 with para- or diamagnetic supports 46 . Such a support 46 can also have the function of damping the mechanical stop of the component 16 with permanent magnetic properties on a cover element 20 or 22 made of soft magnetic material. In the illustration of FIG. 6, 46 is the support of plastic. Depending on the application and goal, however, other materials can also be used, for example non-magnetic soft metals such as lead and brass.

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a mechanical stapling. Shown here is a bracket with an outer bracket 40 which is dimensioned such that a space 48 remains free between the inner magnetic poles of the arrangement which are aligned in the opposite polarity. In other words: in this case, the partial area 32 with non-permanent magnetic properties consists, for example, of the material that the receiving device also fulfills outside the permanent magnetic component, for example air, gas or liquid.

FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a magnetic coupling. While in the magnetic coupling described above a partial area 32 was considered that was made entirely of soft magnetic material, the object of FIG. 8 provides that partial area 32 has two soft magnetic partial areas 50 , 52 , which each have one side coupled to one of the two permanent magnetic subregions 24 and 26 and which are connected to one another by an unilateral connection (for example adhesive) to an intermediate layer made of non-magnetic material 54 .

FIG. 9 shows a distribution of soft iron partial volume 56 in a plastic matrix 58 as a further exemplary embodiment of a magnetically coupling non-permanent magnetic partial area 32 .

Fig. 10 shows a cross-section shown in the coil 60 as an example of an induction loop, a further possibility for providing a first variable magnetic field. The induction loop 60 is excited via connections 62 and 64 with brief current pulses of alternating polarity. Depending on the polarity of the excitation current pulse, the resulting electromagnetic field of the induction loop 60 accelerates the permanent magnetic component 16 from one stable position (cover element 20 ) to the other stable position (cover element 22 ) or vice versa. An actuating element 66 , for example a switch, is opened or closed in a working circuit 68 via the plunger 34 . This representation with a working circuit 68 and a switch 66 corresponds to a bistable relay as an embodiment of the actuating device according to the invention.

Fig. 11 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the excitation circuit. Numeral 60 denotes the induction loop, which is integrated via the connections 62 and 64 in current paths 68 , which also have a current source 70 and means 72 for changing the electrical current flowing through the current path. The means 72 can be implemented as a control means in the form of a multi-position switch which has a first control position which allows an electric current of a predetermined strength to flow from the current source 70 in a first direction through the current path 68 and the induction loop 60 . In a second control position, the current flows through the current path with the induction loop in a second direction opposite to the first direction. In the third control position, the current flow through the current path and the induction loop 60 is at least reduced. In the illustrated embodiment, no current flows in the third switch position.

The exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13 differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10 in that two induction loops / coils 82 , 84 each with their own current paths 86 and 88 via connections 74 and 76 or 78 and 80 with an excitation current from the current source 70 are supplied. In this case, the control means 72 is designed in such a way that it has a first control position which allows an electric current of a predetermined strength to flow from the current source 70 through the current path 86 and a second control position in which the control means 72 has an electrical current of a predetermined strength can flow through the second current path 88 . In a third control position, the current flow from the current source 70 is at least reduced and, if necessary, reduced to zero.

The two current paths are each aligned so that the magnetic fields resulting from the current flow through the associated induction loops have different directions from one another. This can be achieved by appropriate polarity of the connections 74 , 76 and 78 , 80 or by an opposite winding sense of the induction loops 82 and 84 .

The induction loops of the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 13 each surround the receptacle 18 externally, that is to say that they are wound around the receptacle 18 . For this purpose, the receiving device 18 can be designed in such a way that it has a hollow cylinder in which the permanent magnetic component is movably guided, and also two radial webs 87 and 89 , which are axially spaced from one another. The hollow cylinder with the webs 87 , 89 then forms a coil carrier for the windings of the induction loops.

The bistable relay of FIG. 14 has, as a further special feature, a plunger made of non-magnetic material which can move with the permanent magnetic component 16 and which extends through a bore in a cover element, here 22, out of the receiving device 18 and in one of the stable positions of the permanent magnetic Component 16 an actuating element, here a contact plate 90 , actuated.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the plunger 34 is not permanently connected to the permanent magnetic component 16 , but is, when the permanent magnetic component 16 is magnetically moved in the contact direction, entrained by the latter and presses the contact plate 90 onto shunt contacts 92 and 94 . Advantageously, the contact plate 90 on the plunger 34 is guided so that it can move in a spring-elastic manner via a first spring-elastic element 96 . When the permanent magnetic component 16 moves into the stable contact position defined by the cover element 22 , the permanent magnetic component 16 first contacts the plunger 34 , then presses it further to the right until the permanent magnetic component 16 strikes its stable position. Via the first spring-elastic element 96 , this movement of the plunger 34 is transmitted to the contact plate 90 until it rests on the working contacts 92 and 94 . A further movement of the plunger 34 to the right then leads to a change in the length of the first spring-elastic element without the contact plate 90 being moved further or being loaded beyond the spring force. In this way, reproducible contact forces can be set.

When the contact plate 90 is to be lifted again from the contacts 92 and 94 , the first variable magnetic field is changed so that the permanent magnetic component 16 changes to the other stable position, here the cover element 20 . As a result, the plunger 34 and thus the first spring-elastic element 96 and thus the contact plate 90 are relieved of the pressure by the permanent magnetic component 16 . However, since the plunger 34 is not connected to the permanent magnetic component 16 in a positive or non-positive manner in this exemplary embodiment, this pressure relief alone is not sufficient to reliably lift the contact plate 90 from the working contacts 92 and 94 and thus reliably separate the working circuit.

A reliable separation of the working circuit is achieved in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 14 by a second spring-elastic element 98 , which is supported in a housing 100 connected to the receiving device 18 and / or a cover element 20 or 22 , optionally including further components. In the position shown, the second spring-elastic element 98 absorbs energy when the contacts 92 , 94 are closed by the contact plate 90 and releases it when the plunger 34 is relieved of pressure, in order to reliably move the plunger 34 with the contact plate 90 away from the working contacts 92 and 94 , The spring force of element 98 is less than that of element 96 .

FIG. 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a multistable actuating device according to the invention in the form of a bistable relay, similar to that of FIG. 14. An essential difference of this exemplary embodiment from that of FIG. 14 is that the plunger 34 is non-positively connected to the object of FIG. 15 the permanent magnetic component 16 is connected. For example, the end of the plunger 34 , which faces the permanent-magnetic component 16 , has a soft-magnetic element 102 that is firmly connected to the remaining plunger. Due to its magnetic properties, the soft magnetic element magnetically couples to the permanent magnetic component 16 and thus connects the plunger 34 to the permanent magnetic component 16 in a force-locking manner. This non-positive connection has the effect that when the bistable permanent magnetic component 16 is switched into the stable position of the plunger 34 defined by the cover element 20 , the plunger 34 is not only relieved of the contact pressure but is also pulled away from the contacts 92 and 94 by means of the permanent magnetic component 16 . This magnetic coupling thus takes over the function of the second spring-elastic element 98 from FIG. 14, so to speak, so that this second spring-elastic element is generally unnecessary in the embodiment of FIG. 15.

Fig. 16 discloses an enlarged view of a portion of the plunger 34 with a soft magnetic member 102. The plunger 34 advantageously has only one soft magnetic element 102 and is not entirely made of soft magnetic material. If it were made of soft magnetic material, it would also direct the magnetic flux from the permanent magnetic component into the area of contacts 92 and 94 , which could at least result in disruptive force effects. In order to avoid this, the plunger 34 can consist essentially of brass, for example, and can be provided with the soft magnetic element 102 , for example a soft magnetic steel disk, at only one end. The soft magnetic element 102 can, for example, be screwed into the plunger 34 , shrunk into it, soldered into it or glued into it.

FIG. 17a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a multistable actuating device according to the invention, which is based on the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. The embodiment of FIG. 17a differs from the subject of FIG. 1 by a pole shoe element 104 , which is connected to one of the cover elements 20 , 22 , here with the cover element 22 , in a magnetically conductive manner. The pole shoe element 104 has the effect that the harmful air gap is reduced to the extent x. The harmful air gap x is the distance of a permanent magnetic region 24 , 26 from its cover element 20 , 22 in the stable position not defined by it. The smaller this harmful air gap, the greater the force exerted by the first variable magnetic field on the permanent magnetic region 26 , with the system parameters otherwise being the same, such as excitation currents, number of windings and flux densities. The use of pole piece elements 104 with variable dimensions thus enables the force effect between the first magnetic variable field and the permanent magnetic region 26 (or, in another arrangement 24 ) to be adjusted in accordance with the respective application, without changing the other parameters or the other geometry the arrangement.

Fig. 17b illustrates the action of force between the pole shoe 104 and the permanent magnet region 26 in dependence on the extent x of the specified air gap.

FIG. 18 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a bistable actuating device according to the invention, which is also based on the subject of FIG. 1. In a departure from the subject of FIG. 1, FIG. 18 does not provide a mechanical tappet 34 . Rather, the subject of FIG. 18 represents a liquid-filled bistable hydraulic or pneumatic switch. In this exemplary embodiment, the permanent magnetic component 16 acts as a kind of displacement piston with which a hydraulic fluid can be displaced from a volume 106 in the receiving device into a hydraulic actuating element 108 . The hydraulic actuating element 108 can contain, for example, a second displacement piston 110 for power transmission, which in turn actuates an actuating element 112 , for example an electrical switch or a hydraulic valve. As a second independent change compared to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the subject of FIG. 18 has third spring-elastic elements 114 , which can be implemented as small metal brackets 116 or spring-elastic rubber or plastic elements 118 . These can be attached, for example, in the interior of the receiving device 18 in such a way that they hold the permanent magnetic component 16 in a predetermined elastic position in a spring-elastic manner.

Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of a multi-stable positioning device can be realized with more than two switching states. The permanent magnetic component 16 is realized here in a circular shape, with the poles lying on circular sections. Here, too, it is essential that the permanent-magnetic subregions 24 and 26 be arranged in opposite poles. In this exemplary embodiment, movable permanent magnets 12 and 14 represent a first variable magnetic field, which can also be provided by other means, for example by induction loops.

In this exemplary embodiment, four rounded, soft-magnetic yoke parts 120 , 122 , 124, and 126 arranged in a star shape define four different stable layers for the rotationally symmetrical permanent-magnetic component 16 . By reversing the polarity of the permanent magnet 14 and bringing the movable magnet 12 closer, for example, the rotationally symmetrical permanent magnetic component 16 can be switched from the stable position defined by the soft iron part 120 to the stable position defined by the soft iron part 122 .

This exemplary embodiment shows the diverse implementation options of the multistable adjusting device according to the invention. With the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, mechanical plungers, for example, can be connected in a similar manner to that described in detail in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments. As a further possibility, a generalization of the two-dimensional representation of FIG. 19 to three dimensions is indicated, which would provide two additional stable layers.

Claims (28)

1. Multi-stable actuator ( 10 ) with
Means ( 12 , 14 , 60 , 82 , 84 ) for providing a first variable magnetic field;
a component ( 16 ) with permanent magnetic properties;
a receiving device ( 18 ) which receives the component ( 16 ) and which provides at least two stable positions for the component ( 16 ), the component ( 16 ) being moved from one stable position to another stable position by changing the first magnetic field .
characterized in that
the component ( 16 ) has a series of interconnected permanent magnetic partial regions ( 24 , 26 ) which are arranged such that the two ends ( 28 , 30 ) of the series have magnetic polarization of the same name. 2. Adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the row has at least one non-permanent magnetic partial area ( 32 ) which is arranged between two permanent magnetic partial areas ( 24 , 26 ). 3. Adjusting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-permanent magnetic portion ( 32 ) consists at least partially of soft magnetic material. 4. Adjusting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the soft magnetic material is a single compact Fills volume. 5. Adjusting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the soft magnetic material is arranged in at least two partial volumes ( 50 , 52 , 56 ) which are mechanically or adhesively connected to at least one dia- or paramagnetic further partial area ( 54 , 58 ). 6. Adjusting device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the amount of soft magnetic material in connection with its spatial distribution within the non-permanent magnetic partial area ( 32 ) has a magnetic adhesion of the two permanent magnetic partial areas ( 24 , 26 ) to the non-permanent magnetic Partial area ( 32 ) causes. 7. Actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two permanent magnetic partial areas ( 24 , 26 ) are mechanically connected by at least one inner ( 42 ) and / or outer ( 40 ) bracket. 8. Adjusting device according to claim 2 and 7, characterized in that the non-permanent magnetic portion ( 32 ) consists of the material that fills the receiving device ( 18 ) outside the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) (air, gas or liquid). 9. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the means for providing the first variable magnetic field have at least one permanent magnet ( 12 , 14 ). 10. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the means ( 12 , 14 , 60 , 82 , 84 ) for providing the first variable magnetic field an electrical current path ( 68 ) with at least one induction loop ( 60 ) and means ( 70 , 72 ) for changing an electric current flowing through the current path. 11. Adjusting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the means ( 70 , 72 ) for changing the electrical current flowing through the current path ( 68 ) have a current source ( 70 ) and control means ( 72 ), the control means ( 72 ) (i ) a first control position which allows an electric current of a predetermined strength to flow from the current source ( 70 ) in a first direction through the current path ( 68 ), (ii) have a second control position which has an electric current of a predetermined strength from the current source ( 70 ) can flow through the current path ( 68 ) in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and (iii) have a third control position which at least reduces an electrical current flow from the current source ( 70 ). 12. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the means ( 12 , 14 , 60 , 82 , 84 ) for providing the first variable magnetic field at least a first ( 86 ) and a second current path ( 88 ) each with at least an induction loop ( 82 , 84 ) and means ( 70 , 72 ) for changing an electrical current flowing through one of the current paths ( 86 , 88 ). 13. Adjusting device according to claim 12, characterized in that the means for changing the electrical current flowing through a current path ( 86 , 88 ) each have a current source ( 70 ) and control means ( 72 ), the control means ( 72 ) (i) having a have a first control position which allows an electric current of a predetermined strength to flow from the current source ( 70 ) through the first current path ( 86 ), (ii) has a second control position which allows an electric current of a predetermined strength to flow through the second current path ( 88 ), and (iii) have a third control position which at least reduces the flow of current from the current source ( 70 ), the two current paths ( 86 , 88 ) each being oriented such that those resulting from the flow of current through the associated induction loops ( 82 , 84 ) Magnetic fields have different directions from each other. 14. Adjusting device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that each current path ( 68 , 86 , 88 ) has a plurality of induction loops ( 60 ) forming an electromagnetic coil. 15. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one induction loop ( 60 , 82 , 84 ) surrounds the receiving device ( 18 ) with the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) externally. 16. Adjusting device according to claim 15, characterized in that the receiving device ( 18 ) has a longitudinal axis, in the direction of which the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) is movable, and in that the receiving device ( 18 ) further has two circumferential webs ( 87 , 89 ), which extend in the radial direction and have an axial distance, and that the at least one induction loop ( 60 , 82 , 84 ) runs between the circumferential webs ( 87 , 89 ). 17. Actuating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving device ( 18 ) has two cover elements ( 20 , 22 ) which limit the receiving device ( 18 ) in the axial direction. 18. Adjusting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a with the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) movable plunger, which extends through a bore in a cover element ( 20 , 22 ) from the receiving device ( 18 ) and in one of the stable positions of the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) actuates an actuating element ( 66 ). 19. Actuating device according to claim 18, characterized in that the adjusting element ( 66 ) has two electrically conductive contacts ( 92 , 94 ) and a contact plate ( 90 ) coupled to the plunger ( 34 ), which has the two electrically conductive contacts ( 92 , 94 ) closes in one of the two stable positions of the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) and opens in the other stable position of the component ( 16 ). 20. Adjusting device according to claim 18, characterized in that an outside of the receiving device ( 18 ) extending part of the plunger ( 34 ) leads the contact plate ( 90 ) via a first spring-elastic element ( 96 ) movable spring-loaded. 21. Adjusting device according to claim 20, characterized in that a movement of the plunger ( 34 ) in the direction of the contacts ( 92 , 94 ) spring-loaded on the contact plate ( 90 ) until the contact plate ( 90 ) is placed on the contacts ( 92 , 94 ) transmits and a further movement of the plunger ( 34 ) in this direction after the contact plate ( 90 ) has been placed on by a change in length of the first resilient element ( 96 ). 22. Adjusting device according to claim 21, characterized in that the plunger ( 34 ) when changing the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) in the stable position in which the contact ( 90 , 92 , 94 ) opens, with a second spring-elastic element ( 98 ) is moved away from the contacts. 23. Adjusting device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the plunger ( 34 ) at the end which extends within the receiving device ( 18 ) is designed permanently magnetic or soft magnetic and magnetically couples to the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ). 24. Adjusting device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that at least one cover element ( 20 , 22 ) consists at least partially of soft magnetic material. 25. Adjusting device according to claim 24, characterized in that at least one cover element ( 20 , 22 ) has a soft magnetic pole piece element ( 104 ) which projects into the receiving device ( 18 ). 26. Adjusting device according to claim 17, characterized in that the receiving device ( 18 ) with the cover elements ( 20 , 22 ) forms a liquid-filled working cylinder, in which the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) acts as a displacement piston which actuates a hydraulic adjusting element ( 108 ). 27. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 to 25 or 26, characterized in that third spring-elastic elements ( 114 ) are provided, which hold the permanent magnetic component ( 16 ) in a stable position in a spring-elastic manner in the event of a weak or missing first magnetic field. 28. Adjusting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnetic Areas next to iron contain rare earths (e.g. iron Neodymium-boron magnets).