DE102023101770A1 - Natural building material board and method for producing a natural building material board - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural building material panel (10) with a core (12) made of a base material (32), wherein the core (12) has a first lateral surface (14), a second lateral surface (16) opposite the first lateral surface (14), and end faces (18). It is provided that the first lateral surface (14) and the second lateral surface (16) are each materially connected to a fiber material (24) and are essentially completely covered by the fiber material (24), wherein the fiber material (24) is designed to absorb tensile stresses.
The invention further relates to a method for producing such a natural building material panel (10).

Description

The invention relates to a natural building material panel and a method for producing such a natural building material panel.

A variety of building material panels are known for drywall construction in buildings. In conventional construction, plasterboard panels, also known as Rigips panels, are widely used. Such plasterboard panels are characterized by their low weight, simple and quick processing and high fire resistance. In addition, compared to solid construction, such plasterboard panels allow for less loss of area by erecting thinner walls. Plasterboard panels are used primarily to produce light, non-load-bearing interior walls, suspended ceilings or sloping roof cladding. Due to the low water/moisture resistance, plasterboard should only be used indoors. In high humidity, the cardboard layer can form a breeding ground for mold. Frequent condensation on the surface promotes the adhesion of microorganisms.

The production of plasterboard takes place in continuous operation on large conveyor systems. After a cardboard feed at the bottom, which forms the visible side of the board with the edge formation, the gypsum slurry is fed in and distributed by calibration rollers with simultaneous cardboard feed at the top, which forms the back of the board. This is followed by a setting line, cutting device and dryer. The cardboard is fed in from rollers. The adhesion between the cardboard and the gypsum is achieved by the setting of the gypsum wetted with the cardboard, which gives the layered building board the desired breaking strength.

The disadvantage of such plasterboards, however, is that they are difficult to dispose of in landfills, are not compostable and can only be fully recycled with a great deal of energy. In addition, plasterboards can lead to a deterioration in the indoor climate, as the equilibrium moisture content of plaster is very low and living spaces therefore become too dry for the air to breathe, which leads to stress for the nasal mucous membranes and bronchi, among other things. Therefore, plasterboards are unsuitable for regulating the humidity in a room.

In order to meet the needs of ecological and sustainable construction, clay building boards are known as an alternative to plasterboard. Clay building boards can absorb and release air humidity in particular and thus contribute specifically to improving the indoor climate. In addition, clay building boards are fully recyclable and/or biodegradable, so clay building boards are particularly preferred in terms of ecological and environmentally friendly construction.

However, clay building boards without reinforcement have a significantly lower breaking strength than plasterboard due to their construction. To improve the breaking strength, clay building boards are known which are reinforced with a reinforcement made of reed mats and straw, coconut fibers or the addition of sawdust for stabilization. Also known are one-sided or two-sided reinforcements made of jute or fiberglass mats, although jute reinforcements have a low rigidity and fiberglass reinforcements are not sustainable in terms of ecological construction. The disadvantage of a clay building board reinforced on one side is that the risk of breakage is only reduced, but damage during handling and installation of the clay building board is still relatively easy. Furthermore, unlike a plasterboard, such a clay building board does not offer a paintable surface, but must also be plastered in order to obtain a surface ready for painting.

The EN 10 2012 100 084 A1 describes a clay building board for cladding and/or for building room boundaries, wherein the clay building board has a cuboid basic shape with a length, a width and a thickness, wherein the thickness is smaller than the length and the width, and wherein the clay building board has a cellular structure with a plurality of cells arranged next to one another, the cell walls of which extend at least in the direction of thickness and are filled with clay building material. The EN 10 2012 100 084 A1 further describes a method for producing such a clay building board, in which a cell structure with a plurality of cells arranged next to one another is provided, into which a clay building material is filled and hardened. The EN 10 2012 100 084 However, this does not solve the problem of the poor bending strength of such a clay building board.

The EN 10 2016 006 550 A1 describes a method and a device for producing a fiber-reinforced building board from a material mixture with reinforcing fibers inserted on one or both sides, so that cover layers made of fiber-reinforced material mixture are created on one or both sides. The fibers are not rolled out of a prefabricated surface layer, but are fed into the material mixture as individual fibers via a fiber layer or pile layer. The EN 10 2016 006 550 A1 However, the building board described does not form a paintable surface.

From the DE 20 2012 001 245 U1 A building board made of several layers of corrugated cardboard is known, in which the cavities in the cardboard are filled with clay and/or sand. This creates a building board that has a spreadable surface, but the filler is not bound and can escape through leaks or cuts in the building board.

The invention is based on the object of providing a natural building material panel which has a higher fracture stability than the natural building material panels known from the prior art and overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and is 100% compostable and recyclable.

The object is achieved by a natural building material panel with a core made of a base material, wherein the core has a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface opposite the first lateral surface, and end faces. According to the invention, the first lateral surface and the second lateral surface are each bonded to a fiber material and are essentially completely covered by the fiber material, wherein the fiber material is designed to absorb tensile stresses.

In this context, a natural building material board is understood to mean a building material board that is 100% recyclable and completely compostable or biodegradable. Such a natural building material board is also referred to in the prior art as a clay building board, whereby the natural building material board can contain not only clay but also other naturally degradable materials such as clay, sand, plant fibers, starch, casein, bioplastics, cellulose and similar materials. The natural building material board according to the invention with a core made of a base material and a cover layer on both sides made of a fiber material that is suitable for absorbing tensile stresses makes it possible to significantly increase the breaking strength of the natural building material board compared to natural building material boards known from the prior art. When loaded in a first direction, in which the first fiber material is put under tension and the second fiber material is relieved, the first fiber material absorbs tensile stresses and prevents the natural building material board from breaking. The second fiber material absorbs forces that are exerted on the natural building material board from a second direction opposite to the first direction. In addition, the essentially complete coverage of the base material enables a paintable surface, so that the natural building material board does not need to be additionally plastered before it can be painted. Furthermore, the absence of an additional covering layer increases the permeability to air humidity, which means that the natural building material board can absorb air humidity when the air humidity is high, especially when the air humidity is more than 60%, and release it again when the air humidity is low, especially when the air humidity is less than 40%. This can prevent mold formation due to high air humidity and moisture condensing on cold bridges.

In addition, such a natural building material board offers increased fire protection compared to a plasterboard board, since in the event of a fire the moisture inside the base material first evaporates and then the base material is "fired" and turns into a ceramic form. Since the amount of moisture in such a natural building material board is higher than in a plasterboard board and energy can also be absorbed for the conversion into the ceramic "fired" form, such a natural building material board lasts significantly longer in the event of a fire than a plasterboard board. This makes it possible to use such a natural building material board to meet fire protection requirements that cannot be met with plasterboard boards.

In addition, such a natural building material panel can be produced with low energy consumption, since the drying of the base material can take place without external drying agents or drying ovens and drying is possible exclusively by solar thermal energy.

Furthermore, such a natural building material board can be disposed of easily and inexpensively, as the natural building material board does not have to be disposed of in a landfill, but new natural building material boards can be made from the waste. This makes a 100% circular economy possible for such natural building material boards, which further supports the basic idea of ecological and sustainable construction.

The features listed in the dependent claims enable advantageous improvements and further developments of the natural building material panel mentioned in the independent claim.

In a preferred embodiment of the natural building material panel, the base material comprises at least one mineral base material. Mineral base materials are particularly suitable for meeting the requirements for the necessary strength, the ability to store air humidity and the requirements for the sustainability of such a natural building material panel.

It is preferred if the mineral base material comprises loam and/or clay. Loam and clay are building materials that are inexpensive and easy to obtain. To produce such a natural building material panel, clay and clay can be easily pressed into a mold and processed into a natural building material panel using simple means. The composition of loam, clay and other components can vary depending on the source used for the raw material.

In an advantageous further development of the natural building material board, it is provided that the base material comprises plant fibers, starch, casein, bioplastics and/or cellulose in addition to the mineral base material. Plant fibers in the base material can reduce the weight of the building material board, which means that the natural building material board can be made lighter. Starch, casein, bioplastics and/or cellulose can be used as natural adhesives, which increase the flexural strength and compressive strength of the natural building material board and also enable a material-tight bond between the fiber material and the base material of the core by migrating to the surface when the natural building material board dries and there forming a material-tight bond with the fiber material, in particular with the paper, when it dries.

In an advantageous embodiment of the natural building material board, it is provided that the natural building material board is essentially free of a hydraulic binder, in particular free of cement, gypsum, lime or trass. Essentially free is understood to mean a binder content of a maximum of 5%, preferably a maximum of 3%, particularly preferably a maximum of 1%. Ideally, the natural building material board is completely free of a hydraulic binder. Hydraulic binders can increase the strength of a building material board, but can limit or even neutralize the properties of loam or clay with regard to binding air humidity. In addition, hydraulic binders worsen the energy balance, the natural building material board is no longer compostable and the desired advantages of the natural building material board according to the invention are not achieved because hydraulic binders dock onto the ionic bonds of loam or clay and disrupt the crystal structure of the clay or loam material. Hydraulic binders therefore contradict the function of being able to regulate the air humidity in a room and improve the indoor climate via the natural building material board. In addition, hydraulic binders mean that recycling the building material board is complex and complete natural degradation of the building material board is no longer possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the natural building material board, the core has a thickness of at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the total thickness of the natural building material board and the fiber material has a maximum thickness of 10%, preferably a maximum of 5% of the total thickness of the natural building material board. The fiber material has the task of absorbing tensile stresses during handling and installation of the natural building material board and of forming a flat, paintable surface. The function of the natural building material board in terms of strength for a drywall or drywall cladding, insulation and soundproofing is primarily fulfilled by the core of the natural building material board. It is therefore advantageous if the core has at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the total thickness and the cover layers made of the fiber material are designed to be correspondingly thin-walled.

In an advantageous embodiment of the building material board, the core has a thickness of 11.5 - 12 mm or 23 - 24 mm and the cover layers have a thickness of 0.25 - 0.5 mm. This makes it possible to produce natural building material boards that correspond to the standard dimensions for drywalls and interior cladding.

In an advantageous embodiment of the natural building material board, the fiber material is a paper material or cardboard. Due to its fiber structure, paper is particularly suitable for absorbing high tensile stresses even in a thin-walled cover layer. In addition, paper creates a smooth and spreadable surface, so that additional plastering of the natural building material board is not necessary. Cardboard is also suitable for absorbing tensile stresses and forming a flat, spreadable surface, but leads to a thicker layer of fiber material and thus to a thinner core of the natural building material board, which has an adverse effect on the soundproofing and insulation effect as well as the strength of the natural building material board. The stability and flexural rigidity increase with increasing thickness of the paper. Simple paper surfaces can be implemented accordingly cost-effectively. In addition, the fire protection ability decreases with the thickness of the fiber material, since paper and cardboard contain flammable substances. The choice of fibre material can therefore be made depending on the intended use, whereby different natural building material panels can be easily produced by changing the fibre material and adjusting the thickness of the core.

It is particularly preferred if the paper material is provided with a coating, which is at least temporarily resistant to water exposure. Such a coating is understood to mean in particular a coating which maintains the tensile strength of the paper material even when in contact with water for a longer period of time. However, such a coating is not completely impermeable to water vapor in order to maintain the function of the natural building material board to regulate the humidity in a room. Such a coating can be based on starch, in particular corn or potato starch. Alternatively, the starch can also be incorporated into the paper during production, so that no additional coating is necessary.

Alternatively, the fiber material is provided as a fabric, whereby the fabric has a maximum elongation in the tensile direction of 1%, preferably 0.5%, particularly preferably 0.2% under a tensile load of 100 Newtons. Preferred materials in this context are fabrics made of cotton, hemp or linen, which, like paper or cardboard, are suitable for absorbing tensile stresses in a thin-walled covering layer and thus protecting the natural building material panel from damage, in particular from breakage, during handling and installation of the natural building material panel. In addition, linen, cotton or hemp can be used to create surfaces that are ready to paint and have a light texture. Such a surface can be perceived as a particularly high-quality surface due to its light texture. In addition, cotton, linen or hemp are suitable for enabling moisture exchange between the room air and the moisture in the core of the natural building material panel and can thus contribute to improving the indoor climate.

Because the core is covered on both sides by a fiber material, the natural building material board has a flexural tensile strength of at least 1.2 N/mm ² parallel and at least 3.4 N/mm ² in a material test according to DIN EN 520. Furthermore, the natural building material board has a tensile strength in the transverse direction of at least 0.5 N/mm ² and in the longitudinal direction of at least 0.9 N/mm ^2. The mechanical load-bearing capacity of such a natural building material board is therefore lower than that of a plasterboard, but has a sufficiently high mechanical breaking strength for a wide range of applications to enable easy installation and to permanently withstand a typical load profile for such a natural building material board.

In an advantageous design of the building material board, the building material board is chamfered at its edges. The chamfers make it easier to fill a gap between two adjacent natural building material boards during installation, which means that the transitions between two or more natural building material boards can be designed favorably for larger areas that cannot be covered by a single natural building material board. This creates a natural building material board that no longer has to be plastered over the entire surface, but only needs to be filled at the joint. This makes the installation of such a natural building material board easier. Furthermore, the working time for interior work with such a natural building material board can be reduced.

• - Bereitstellen einer ersten Lage des Fasermaterials,
• - Auftragen des Kerns aus dem Grundmaterial auf die erste Lage des Fasermaterials, wobei die erste Lage des Fasermaterials im Wesentlichen vollständig abgedeckt wird und eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der ersten Lage des Fasermaterials und dem Kern des Grundmaterials hergestellt wird,
• - Auftragen einer zweiten Lage des Fasermaterials auf die der ersten Lage des Fasermaterials abgewandte Mantelfläche des Kerns, wobei der Kern des Grundmaterials im Wesentlichen vollständig durch die zweite Lage des Fasermaterials abgedeckt wird und eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Lage des Fasermaterials und dem Kern des Grundmaterials hergestellt wird.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing such a natural building material panel, the method comprising the following steps:

• - Providing a first layer of the fibre material,
• - applying the core of the base material to the first layer of the fibre material, whereby the first layer of the fibre material is essentially completely covered and a material bond is created between the first layer of the fibre material and the core of the base material,
• - Applying a second layer of the fiber material to the outer surface of the core facing away from the first layer of the fiber material, wherein the core of the base material is essentially completely covered by the second layer of the fiber material and a material-locking connection is produced between the second layer of the fiber material and the core of the base material.

Such a process enables a natural building material panel to be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner, which is less susceptible to damage, particularly breakage, than natural building material panels known from the state of the art. In addition, such a natural building material panel can be produced with little energy consumption, since the drying of the base material can take place without external drying agents or drying ovens and drying is possible exclusively using solar thermal energy.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the first layer of the fiber material is placed in a mold or forms a mold onto which the base material of the core is applied, the base material being moistened in order to produce an earth-moist to pasty mass which is filled into the mold. An earth-moist mass is understood to mean a mass which can be mechanically compacted in a simple manner, while a mushy mass cannot be compacted, or at least can only be compacted with additional means and/or process steps. By placing the fiber material in a mold and then pouring the base material into this mold, a natural building material panel can be produced in a simple manner in which the fiber material completely covers the outer surface of the core. In particular, moistening the base material can make filling the mold easier, so that the mold is completely filled, even in the corners and on the edges, and a natural building material panel that is essentially homogeneous in terms of material thickness and material properties can be produced.

A further improvement to the process involves compacting the base material after it has been filled into the mold. Compacting the material increases the compressive strength of the natural building material board. Furthermore, the amount of machinery, electricity and water required for production can be reduced. Compacting the base material also makes drying easier, so that less energy is needed during the drying process.

Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous that the side of the core facing away from the mold is smoothed or milled to the correct dimensions before the second layer of fiber material is applied to the core. This creates a flat surface on both sides of the natural building material board, so that the natural building material board can be installed in any orientation. In addition, smoothing the core makes it easier to apply the second layer of fiber material. This creates a natural building material board that has a high level of flatness on both sides and can therefore be installed in any position.

In an alternative embodiment of the method for producing the natural building material panel, the base material of the core is applied to the first layer of the fiber material using a 3D printing process. A 3D printing process enables control of the amount of base material used for the core of the natural building material panel. Furthermore, a 3D printing process enables different layers with different materials for the core of the natural building material panel, which can be formed as sandwich layers or monolithic.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method for producing the natural building material board, an adhesive is applied to the first layer of the fiber material, to the base material of the core and/or to the second layer of the fiber material in order to form a material-fit connection between the fiber material and the core of the natural building material board. An adhesive, in particular an adhesive based on casein, cellulose or starch, can be used to form a stable material-fit connection between the core and the fiber material of the natural building material board. This makes it possible to achieve a material-fit connection between the base material of the core and the fiber material of the cover layers, which is also completely biodegradable. This supports the basic idea of creating a natural building material board that is 100% recyclable or completely compostable in a natural way without releasing toxins.

• - Herstellen eines Kerns aus dem Grundmaterial der Naturbaustoffplatte in einem Strangpressverfahren,
• - Auftragen eines Klebstoffs auf eine erste Mantelfläche des Kerns,
• - Aufkleben einer ersten Lage des Fasermaterials auf die erste Mantelfläche des Kerns,
• - Auftragen eines Klebstoffs auf eine zweite Mantelfläche des Kerns,
• - Aufkleben einer zweiten Lage des Fasermaterials auf den Kern, wobei die zweite Lage des Fasermaterials größer als die zweite Mantelfläche des Kerns ist und an den Kanten der Naturbaustoffplatte jeweils über den Kern hervorsteht, und die zweite Lage des Fasermaterials an den Kanten des Kerns derart umgeschlagen wird, dass der Kern vollständig vom Fasermaterial ummantelt wird.

Alternatively, a process for producing such a natural building material panel is provided, which comprises the following work steps:

• - Manufacturing a core from the base material of the natural building board in an extrusion process,
• - Applying an adhesive to a first surface of the core,
• - Bonding a first layer of the fibre material onto the first surface of the core,
• - Applying an adhesive to a second surface of the core,
• - Bonding a second layer of the fibre material onto the core, wherein the second layer of the fibre material is larger than the second surface area of the core and protrudes beyond the core at the edges of the natural building material panel, and the second layer of the fibre material is folded over at the edges of the core in such a way that the core is completely covered by the fibre material.

The various embodiments of the invention mentioned in this application can be advantageously combined with one another, unless stated otherwise in individual cases.

• 1 ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Naturbaustoffplatte;
• 2 ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Naturbaustoffplatte;
• 3 ein Anlagenkonzept zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Naturbaustoffplatte;
• 4 ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Naturbaustoffplatte; und
• 5 ein Ablaufdiagramm für ein alternatives Herstellverfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Naturbaustoffplatte.

The invention is explained below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

• 1 a preferred embodiment of a natural building material panel according to the invention;
• 2 a further preferred embodiment of a natural building material panel according to the invention;
• 3 a plant concept for producing a natural building material panel according to the invention;
• 4 a flow chart for the production of a natural building material panel according to the invention; and
• 5 a flow chart for an alternative manufacturing process for producing a natural building material panel according to the invention.

1 shows a preferred embodiment of a natural building material panel 10 according to the invention for a non-load-bearing wall for the interior construction of a building. The natural building material panel 10 comprises a core 12 made of a base material 32. The core 12 has a first outer surface 14, a second outer surface 16 opposite the first outer surface 14, and end surfaces 18. The first outer surface 14 of the core 12 is covered in a material-locking manner with a first cover layer 20 made of a fiber material 24, in particular with a first cover layer 20 made of a paper 26 or a cardboard 28. The second outer surface 16 of the core 12 is covered in a material-locking manner with a second cover layer 22 made of a fiber material 24, in particular with a second cover layer 22 made of a paper 26 or a cardboard 28. The material bond between the base material 32 of the core 12 and the fiber material 24 of the cover layers 20 can be made by an adhesive, in particular by a biodegradable adhesive based on starch, casein or cellulose. The fiber material 24 of the cover layers 20, 22 is designed to absorb tensile stresses in order to increase the stability of the natural building material panel 10 and in particular to avoid damage during handling or assembly of the natural building material panel 10.

The base material 32 comprises at least one mineral base material 34, preferably a mixture of several mineral base materials 34, in particular loam 36 and/or clay 38. The base material 32 can also comprise sand 40, plant fibers 42, starch, casein, bioplastics and/or cellulose. In particular, the plant fibers 42 or the bioplastics can form a reinforcement 30 in the base material 32 of the core 12 of the natural building material panel 10.

The core 12 of the natural building material panel 10 preferably has a thickness D _K of at least 80%, preferably of at least 90% of the total thickness D _G of the natural building material panel 10. The fiber material 24 of the cover layers 20, 22 preferably has a maximum thickness D _F of 10%, preferably of a maximum of 5%, of the total thickness D _G of the natural building material panel 10.

The paper material 26 or the cardboard 28 of the fiber material 24 of the cover layers 20, 22 is preferably provided with a coating 44 which is at least temporarily resistant to the effects of water. A starch-based coating 44, for example made of pea starch or potato starch, can provide temporary resistance to water. In this case, the water is drained into the mineral base material 32 faster than the tensile strength of the paper is significantly reduced under the influence of water.

Alternatively, at least one cover layer 20, 22 can also be made of a material 64. Materials 64 that can be used are, in particular, materials 64 based on linen 66, hemp 68 or cotton 70, which due to their fiber structure have a low elongation of significantly less than 1% under a tensile load of 100 N in the dressing.

The natural building material panel 10 is chamfered on its edges 50, 52, 54, 56. This makes it easier to lay the fiber material 24 of the cover layers 20, 22 around the core 12 of the natural building material panel 10 and thus also cover the end faces 18. In addition, the chamfers at the joint between two natural building material panels 10 enable easy filling, which means that the transition area between two natural building material panels 10 can be designed particularly harmoniously.

In 2 An alternative embodiment of a natural building material panel 10 according to the invention is shown. With essentially the same structure as 1 In this embodiment, the core 12 is made from several layers 72, 74, 76 of base material 32, wherein a reinforcement 30, in particular a reinforcement made of plant fibers 42 or a bioplastic, can also be incorporated into the core 12. The different layers 72, 74, 76 are preferably applied to the first cover layer 20 made of a fiber material 24 using a 3D printing process. The different layers 72, 74, 76 can also consist of different materials, so that the core 12 can be individually adapted to the requirements of the customer or the intended purpose.

In 3 a system concept 80 for producing a natural building material panel 10 according to the invention is shown in a schematic representation. The system concept 80 comprises a mold 48, which is provided at the beginning of the production process of the natural building material panel 10. The system concept 80 comprises a preparation station 82, in which the mold 48 is lined with a first layer 60 of fiber material 24. The system concept 80 further comprises a filling station 84, in which a pasty mass 46 of the base material 32 is filled into the mold 48 and covers the first layer 60 of fiber material 24. Alternatively, the filling can also be carried out in the manner of 3D printing, with a first layer 72 of the base material 32 being filled into the mold 48. The filling of the base material 32 takes long until the layer 72 of the base material 32 on the fiber material 24 has reached a certain thickness. Furthermore, the system concept 80 can comprise a compaction station 86, at which the base material 32 is compacted after being filled into the mold 48 in order to adapt the properties of the natural building material panel 10 to the requirements. The system concept 80 further comprises a drying station 88, at which the base material 32 is dried to form a core 12 of the natural building material panel 10. In a preferred embodiment of the system concept 80, the base material 32 is dried exclusively by solar thermal energy. Alternatively, additional drying agents, in particular radiant heaters or drying ovens, can also be provided in order to dry the base material 32 of the natural building material panel 10 and to form the core 12. The system concept 80 further comprises an application station 90, at which the second layer 62 of the fiber material is applied as a second cover layer 22 to a surface 16 of the core 12 facing away from the mold 48. Both sides of the core 12 are thus covered by a cover layer 20, 22, which is designed to absorb tensile stresses. This can reduce the risk of the natural building material panel 12 breaking during further handling and assembly. The system concept 80 can further comprise a cutting station 92, at which the natural building material panel 10 is cut to its desired shape and size. The system concept 80 also comprises a finishing station 94, at which the quality of the natural building material panel 10 is checked and protruding ends of the fiber material 24 are glued to the end faces 18 of the natural building material panel 10.

In 4 a flow chart for producing a natural building material panel 10 according to the invention is shown. In a first method step <100>, a first layer 60 of the fiber material 24 is provided to form a first cover layer 20. The first layer 60 of the fiber material 24 is preferably placed in a mold 48. In a second method step <110>, a core 12 made of a base material 32 is applied to the first layer 60 of the fiber material 24, the first layer 60 of the fiber material 24 being essentially completely covered by the base material 32 and a material-to-material connection being produced between the first layer 60 of the fiber material 24 and the core 12 made of the base material 32. In a method step <120>, a second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 is applied to the outer surface 16 of the core 12 facing away from the first layer 60. The core 12 made of the base material 32 is essentially completely covered by the second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 and a material-locking connection is produced between the second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 and the core 12 made of the base material 32.

In a process step <105>, an adhesive 58 can be applied to the fiber material 24 in order to form a material-locking connection between the fiber material 24 and the core 12 of the natural building material panel 10. In a process step <115>, the base material 32 can be compacted after being filled into the mold 48 and/or the side of the core 12 facing away from the mold 48 can be smoothed before the second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 is applied to the core 12. Furthermore, in a process step <125>, the natural building material panel 10 can be cut into its final shape and size. In a process step <130>, the edges of the fiber material 24 are glued to the end faces 18 of the natural building material panel 10 and the natural building material panel 10 is subjected to a quality inspection.

Alternatively, the natural building material panel 10 can also be produced in a manufacturing process as in 5 In a process step <200>, a core 12 of the natural building material panel 10 is produced from the base material 32 in an extrusion process. In a process step <210>, an adhesive 58 is applied to a first surface 14 of the core 12 and then, in a process step <220>, a first layer 60 of the fiber material 24 is glued to the first surface 14 of the core 12. In a process step <230>, the natural building material panel 10 is turned over and an adhesive 58 is applied to the second surface 16 of the core 12. In a subsequent process step <240>, a second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 is glued onto the core 12, the second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 being larger than the second surface area 16 of the core 12 and protruding at the edges 50, 52, 54, 56 over the core 12 of the natural building material panel 10. In a further, preferably final process step <250>, the second layer 62 of the fiber material 24 is folded over at the edges 50, 52, 54, 56 of the core 12 in such a way that the core 12 is completely covered by the fiber material 24.

List of reference symbols

10

Natural building material board

12

core

14

first shell surface

16

second lateral surface

18

Frontal area

20

first top layer

22

second top layer

24

Fibre material

26

Paper

28

Cardboard

30

reinforcement

32

Base material

34

mineral raw material

36

Clay

38

Volume

40

sand

42

Plant fiber

44

Coating

46

mushy mass

48

Shape

50

first edge

52

second edge

54

third edge

56

fourth edge

58

Adhesive

60

first layer

62

second layer

64

Material

66

Linen

68

Hemp

70

Cotton

72

first layer

74

second layer

76

third layer

80

Plant concept

82

Preparation station

84

Filling station

86

Compression station

88

Drying station

90

Application station

92

Cutting station

94

Finishing station

100

first procedural step

105

optional process step

110

second process step

115

optional process step

120

third procedural step

125

optional process step

130

fourth procedural step

200

first procedural step

210

second process step

220

third procedural step

230

fourth procedural step

240

fifth procedural step

250

sixth procedural step

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012100084 A1 [0007]
• EN 102012100084 [0007]
• DE 102016006550 A1 [0008]
• DE 202012001245 U1 [0009]

Claims (16)

Natural building material panel (10), comprising a core (12) made of a base material (32), wherein the core (12) has a first lateral surface (14), a second lateral surface (16) opposite the first lateral surface (14) and end faces (18), characterized in that the first lateral surface (14) and the second lateral surface (16) are each materially connected to a fiber material (24) and are substantially completely covered by the fiber material (24), wherein the fiber material (24) is designed to absorb tensile stresses. Natural building material board (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the base material (32) comprises at least one mineral base material (34). Natural building material board (10) after Claim 2 , characterized in that the mineral base material (34) comprises loam (36) and/or clay (38). Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 2 or 3 , characterized in that the base material (32) comprises, in addition to the mineral base material (34), plant fibers (42), starch, casein, bioplastics and/or cellulose. Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 2 until 4 , characterized in that the natural building material panel (10) is substantially free of a hydraulic binding agent. Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the core has a thickness (D _K ) of at least 80% of the total thickness (D _G ) of the natural building material board (10) and the fiber material (24) each has a maximum thickness (D _F ) of 10% of the total thickness (D _G ) of the natural building material board (10). Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the fiber material (24) is a paper material (26) or a cardboard (28). Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the fiber material (24) is a fabric (64), wherein the fabric (64) has a maximum elongation in the tensile direction of 1% at a tensile load of 100 Newtons. Natural building material board (10) after Claim 7 , characterized in that the paper material (26) is provided with a coating (44) which is at least temporarily resistant to the effects of water. Natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the natural building material panel (10) is chamfered at its edges (50, 52, 54, 56). Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , comprising the following steps: - providing a first layer (60) of the fiber material (24), - applying the core (12) made of the base material (32) to the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24), wherein the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24) is essentially completely covered and a material-fit connection is established between the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24) and the core (12) of the base material (32), - applying a second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) to the lateral surface (16) of the core (12) facing away from the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24), wherein the core (12) of the base material (32) is essentially completely covered by the second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) and a material-fit connection is established between the second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) and the core (12) of the base material (32) is produced. Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to Claim 11 , wherein the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24) is placed in a mold (48) and/or forms a mold (48) onto which the base material (32) of the core (12) is applied, wherein the base material (32) is moistened to produce an earth-moist or mushy mass which is filled into the mold (48). Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to Claim 12 , wherein the base material (32) is compacted after being filled into the mold (48) and/or the side of the core (12) facing away from the mold (48) is smoothed before the second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) is applied to the core (12). Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to Claim 11 or 12 , wherein the base material (32) of the core (12) is applied to the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24) by means of a 3D printing process. Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 11 until 14 , wherein the first layer (60) of the fiber material (24), the base material (32) of the core (12) and/or the second layer (62) of the fiber material rials (24) an adhesive (58) is applied in order to form a material-locking connection between the fibre material (24) and the core (12) of the natural building material panel (10). Method for producing a natural building material panel (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , comprising the following steps: - producing a core (12) from the base material (32) in an extrusion process, - applying an adhesive (58) to the first surface (14) of the core (12), - gluing a first layer (60) of the fiber material (24) to the first surface (14) of the core (12), - applying an adhesive (58) to the second surface (16) of the core (12), - gluing a second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) to the core (12), wherein the second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) is larger than the second surface (16) of the core (12) and protrudes at the edges (50, 52, 54, 56) over the core (12) of the natural building material panel (10), and - the second layer (62) of the fiber material (24) at the edges (50, 52, 54, 56) of the core (12) is folded over such that the core (12) is completely covered by the fibre material (24).

Images