DE102023000047A1 - Electrical device with a permanent magnet drive and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Main claim: EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive and vehicle characterized in that at least one electric coil (5) fastened to a frame (9) is located centrally between at least two permanent magnets (1) with the same poles, which are opposite one another and are simultaneously driven by the electric coil (5), and the poles (6) of the electric coil (5) and the poles (2) of the magnets (1) are opposite one another even during the reciprocating, repetitive parallel movement (25), and the magnets (1) are fastened to lateral, parallel movable holders (12), wherein the holders (12) are designed by inverted voltage pulses (29) as lateral, parallel gear elements (58) of a gear device (50) towards the poles (6) of the electric coil (5) and away from it again, aligned in parallel with one another on the pole side, and in the dead centers (17, 18) the poles (2) of the magnets (1) are aligned with the poles (6) of the electric coil (5). mutually approaching to within a few tenths of a millimeter, and the movements can be transmitted by a further gear element (58) of a gear device (50), wherein the drive (30) is capable of oscillation by means of at least one spring (23) and can be expanded by an extension (38,45), whereby the driving force is increased.

Description

The combination of at least one magnet arrangement with bevelled, pole-side components and a gear device of a kinematics in the form of at least one preferably used gear parallelogram, and the use of at least one spring results in an electromagnetic, oscillating, pole-side direct drive according to the invention, wherein a fixed electrical coil directly drives at least two permanent magnets belonging to a movable gear parallelogram and attached to a movable holder on each of its pole sides, in which simultaneously driving and repelling magnetic forces or lines of force act alternately on the poles of the permanent magnets attached to articulated, parallel movable holders next to the poles of the electrical coil by means of inverted voltage pulses, and thus force the movable holders as lateral parts of a gear parallelogram of a kinematics, with the permanent magnets attached to them, to a repeatedly repeating, back and forth, part-circular, parallel driving movement, which is transmitted via further gear elements such as a Crank gears, etc. can be used for driving. In this case, both the opposite poles of the permanent magnets with the same name and the alternating poles of the electrical coil are permanently opposite each other during each back and forth part-circular movement due to inverted voltage pulses, even during the back and forth movement. A device for mass balancing prevents vibrations from occurring here. A stop device can also slow down or stop the kinematics in the dead centers. For example, a rubber profile or an additional spring can be used for this. The gear parallelogram can consist of at least two laterally arranged holders that move in parallel, each with a lower bearing and an upper joint and at least one upper joint rod that connects the two holders parallel to, for example, a horizontal frame. However, it can also be provided that the holder with bearing and at least one spring attached to the holder are replaced by at least two leaf springs that also move back and forth due to inverted voltage pulses in the electrical coil as part of a preferably used gear parallelogram. The invention relates to an electromagnetic drive, wherein at least one fixed electrical coil mounted on a frame with an alternating, repeatedly reversed voltage surge on its pole sides simultaneously drives at least two permanent magnets of the same name, mounted on movably mounted holders of a kinematic system and opposite one another, on a movable and preferably used gear parallelogram of a kinematic system, back and forth until the alternating, repeatedly repeated inverted voltage surges are switched off. The electric drive according to the invention is characterized in that at least two permanent magnets are driven simultaneously by magnetic forces, starting from at least one fixed electric coil, by alternating and reversed repeating voltage pulses, which then, by inverted voltage pulses, carry out a back and forth, parallel, part-circular and oscillating movement together with the holders on a gear parallelogram of a kinematics, which can be used to drive a work device via at least one further articulated rod. The lower two pivot points of the bearings of the side holders of the gear parallelogram can be implemented by bearings on a frame, while the two upper pivot points of the gear parallelogram can be implemented as joints. An upper articulated rod of the gear parallelogram can be implemented parallel to an exemplary horizontal frame.

The alternating and reversed voltage surges of the electrical coil result in a parallel oscillating movement of the holders with the permanent magnets attached to them, which is repeated whenever the polarity of the electrical voltage surges is reversed. The dead points of the parallel movement are characterized by the fact that the pole faces of the magnets alternately contact the pole faces of the electrical coil, and the holders with the magnets form the lateral sides of a parallelogram. At the dead points of the movement, the driving voltage surges and currents are inverted. The permanent magnets driven by the electrical coil are attached to at least two movably mounted holders of a gear device with a preferably used movement parallelogram of kinematics in such a way that when at least two magnets are used, each magnet receives a magnetic force component at the same time. For example, a magnet attached further to the left in the side view receives an attractive magnetic force component and the magnet attached further to the right receives a repulsive magnetic force component at the same time, whereby when the voltage surge is reversed, the magnetic forces also change their sign. An electric coil is arranged in the middle between at least two permanent magnets facing each other, arranged laterally on the pole sides of the electric coil, in such a way that its pole sides are always directed towards the poles of the permanent magnets when energized, both in a starting position and during the back and forth movement of the permanent magnets. This alignment of the magnetic poles of the electric coil and the permanent magnets, towards each other on the pole side, is achieved by, for example, a gear parallelogram. a kinematics to which the permanent magnets are attached to holders. The driving fixed electrical coil, from which corresponding magnetic lines act simultaneously on the movably mounted permanent magnets through voltage pulses, is arranged between at least two permanent magnets attached to holders and moved in such a way that the magnetic lines of the electrical coil act simultaneously and also during the driven movement on each of the at least two permanent magnets attached to holders and thus drive a gear element. By reversing the polarity of the electrical coil, both attractive and repulsive magnetic forces act alternately on each of the at least two permanent magnets arranged next to the poles of the coil on the permanent magnets mounted on the pole side next to the electrical coil, so that inverted voltage pulses result in a back and forth, always reversed parallel movement of the holders, which can be accelerated further by asynchronous voltage pulses, whereby a uniform speed of the holder movement can be achieved by synchronous voltage pulses using signals from at least one limit switch. At the reversal points or dead points of the movement, the electrical voltage is inverted by information from a limit switch on which the kinematics acts. When a voltage surge occurs in the electrical coil, the magnetic lines parallel to one pole side of the electrical coil drive the permanent magnets arranged next to it on a mounted holder away from the coil, while at the same time on the opposite side a permanent magnet on a mounted holder is attracted to the electrical coil. This results in a parallel movement of the holders, which moves a holder with at least one magnet on one side of the coil further away from the electrical coil, while the magnetic forces pull the opposite holder with at least one magnet on the other side of the coil towards itself. Inverted voltage pulses and at least one spring create an oscillating, constantly repeating back and forth movement.

An efficient electromagnetic drive can be achieved through the advantageous parallel, simultaneous and direct force acting on both sides on the permanent magnets when a voltage surge occurs in the electrical coil. All of the holders arranged in parallel and moving in parallel on which the permanent magnets are attached are connected to one another with an articulated rod, even in a further development of the drive according to the invention, so that the holders represent parallel gear elements of a kinematic system which are attached on one side to bearings or joints on a frame.

An articulated rod which connects the at least two parallel holders can be arranged parallel to a frame which supports the electrical coil. The at least two movable holders are lateral, parallel parts of a gear device which, via a further articulated rod, passes on the forces and movements which occur to a mass balancing device, to a working machine or to a pump or to a working device or to a gearbox, etc. The holders and the associated bearings can be replaced by at least two parallel leaf springs which are arranged laterally and clamped on one side, with the permanent magnets attached to the leaf springs. The movably mounted holders or the leaf springs with the permanent magnets attached to them are part of a kinematic system. The gear parallelogram, for its part, is characterized by at least two lateral holders or leaf springs which move in parallel and have at least two bearings which are attached to a frame, as well as by an articulated rod which can be arranged parallel to a frame and which also has at least two joints and which drives the mechanical parts. Forces and movements are passed on by means of a further joint rod to a mass balancing device, a crank mechanism, a pump, a working device, a vehicle gearbox, etc. The permanent magnets attached to holders carry out a partially circular movement simultaneously and in parallel on a gear parallelogram, whereby the driven permanent magnets alternately approach and move away from the poles of the electrical coil using inverted voltage pulses, and when stationary and also during movement, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are permanently aligned with the changing magnetic poles of the electrical coil. According to the invention, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are arranged opposite each other with the same name, so that, for example, permanent magnets are positioned opposite each other with their north pole.

Because the holders are connected to each other by a parallel gear parallelogram, alternating, constantly repeating voltage pulses result in synchronous or, depending on an electrical control, asynchronous reciprocating, constantly repeating, part-circular movements of the gear parallelogram with the magnets attached to it, which can be used to drive a working device. At least one spring makes the kinematics with at least one gear parallelogram and at least two holders capable of oscillation, with at least one switch sensing the end positions in the dead centers of the reciprocating movement and sending synchronous voltage pulses directly to the electrical coil and also using electronics and an externally influenced control to accelerate and brake the movements. Asynchronous voltage pulses are sent to the electrical coil via an amplifier circuit, whereby the kinematics are accelerated or decelerated. A joint rod attached to the holders transfers the mechanical energy to a crank wheel of a crank mechanism and can drive a mechanical device, a working machine or a vehicle, a pump, etc. from there.

However, it can also be provided that the repetitive back and forth movements of the drive act directly on a pump which, for example, also requires a constantly repetitive back and forth movement for driving and also has a spring. In such a consumer with an internal spring, the spring of the gear device can be omitted. However, several external and internal springs can also be provided which are actuated simultaneously by the magnetic forces and movements. The driving forces and movements can be transmitted directly from at least one articulated rod etc. to, for example, a mass balancing device, a work device, a vehicle gearbox etc. or to a mechanical device. In order to extend the drive path of the driven permanent magnets, both the electrical coil and the permanent magnets provided can be manufactured with a corresponding slope of the pole-side working surfaces. For example, in a preferred design, the electrical coil and the driven permanent magnets each have a trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front. However, it can also be provided that the electrical coil has a rectangular shape with straight pole-side working surfaces in a front view and the driven permanent magnets have a trapezoidal shape with slanted pole-side working surfaces. It can also be provided that the driven permanent magnets have a straight contour with vertical edges in the shape of a rectangle, with the electrical coil then having a pole-side bevelled contour in the shape of a trapezoid in the front view. The bevelled pole-side contour of the electrical coil can be achieved by a V-shaped, asymmetrical structure of the coil wire guide of a coil housing. The three-dimensional shape of the electrical coil and the permanent magnets can also be produced in the form of a cylinder, a cuboid, a truncated pyramid, etc.

At the dead center of the reciprocating holder movement, with the permanent magnets attached to it, a pole-side working surface of the permanent magnets alternately contacts the surface of the fixed electrical coil attached to a frame to within a few tenths of a millimeter, whereby the two permanent magnets always remain parallel to each other even during the movement.

In a preferred middle starting position, at least one spring acts on the kinematics of the reciprocating holders and brings the holders of the gear parallelogram into a middle preferred starting position, for example, after the voltage pulses have been switched off. At least one spring also acts on the holders during the reciprocating movement of the holders, so that an oscillating movement occurs. In a preferred middle starting position, both permanent magnets are the same distance from the electrical coil. By lining up the electrical coil and the gear parallelograms in parallel or in series, the oscillating drive can be expanded, with the forces that can be used for the drive adding up and by means of an electrical coil with a correspondingly large diameter and length, or by means of a large number of electrical coils and permanent magnets with mounted holders arranged one behind the other or in parallel, large mechanical forces can be transferred to a crank gear, a pump, a tool or another gear, etc.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle on which such a drive is held on a frame.

Registration EN 10 2021000 288.1 already has an electric drive in which an electric coil attached to a spring-mounted holder of a gear parallelogram carries out a part-circular, repeating, back-and-forth driven movement by means of synchronous voltage pulses, whereby the movement can be transmitted via a crank gear.

The rotationally symmetrical electrical coil of the GB 1913/8464 A , and the square el. coil of the US 2020/0 127 546 A1 , encompasses the 2 , Sheet 2 of GB 1913 / 8 464 A from the outside, alternately, with each back and forth coil movement, and in contrast to the arrangement according to the invention, two magnets of the same name directed at the pole side of the electrical coil, and then performs a partial circular movement, alternating around a fixed magnet. In order to be able to perform this movement in the first place, the inner diameter of the electrical coil is larger than the outer dimensions of the fixed magnets. Accordingly, the pole-side face of the respective driving magnetic pole of the two fixed, driving magnets is according to the 2 Sheet 2 of the GB 1913 / 8 464 A , and the printed matter, is considerably smaller than the front pole surface of the el. coil. Two magnetic air gaps are in the GB 1913 / 8 464 A only in the dead points of the coil movement, between the Poles of the electric coil and the poles of the external magnets. Due to the overlapping movement process, a magnetic air gap between the electric coil and the fixed magnet disappears immediately after the movement process starts. As a result, and in contrast to the device according to the invention, only one pole-side magnetic surface, the permanent magnet, is directed towards the electric coil, because one side of the electric coil moves alternately over a fixed magnet.

During the pendulum-like movement of the el. coil, the GB 1913/8464 A , and the US 2020 / 0 127 546 A1 , the front pole surfaces of the electric coil are not permanently directed towards the driving front magnetic poles of the fixed permanent magnets, as in the inventive design. Rather, one side of the electric coil, immediately after leaving a middle parking position, encloses a fixed magnet, in order to lay itself completely and in its full length around a fixed magnet during the further course of the movement. See 2 the GB 1913 / 8 464 A . This arrangement results in a loss of the driving magnetic surfaces, which leads to a loss of driving force. In the reciprocating movement of a rectangular electrical coil, the US 2020 / 0 127 546 A1 , the electrical coil permanently surrounds two magnet blocks that are directed against each other on the pole side. In order to be able to carry out this movement in the first place, the inner diameter of the electrical coil is larger than the outer dimensions of the fixed magnets. This arrangement also results in a loss of the driving, magnetically usable, active surfaces, as well as a magnetic stray field that cannot be used for driving. During the back and forth movement of the electrical coil, the US US 2020/0 127 546 A1 , the edges of the front pole faces of the electric coil are permanently directed towards the flux guides of the edges of the encompassed permanent magnets, which also results in a loss of the driving magnetic surfaces, or a loss of the driving force. A gear parallelogram according to the invention is shown in the GB 1913 / 8 464 A , and the US 2020/0 127 546 A1 not disclosed.

Both the arrangement according to the GB 1913 / 8 464 A , as well as the arrangement according to the US 2020/0 127 546 A1 , have a synchronous current supply. Flux guide plates are in the GB 1913 / 8 464 A not recognizable. Due to the fixed magnets arranged within the electrical coil, the alternately encompassed, driving, magnetically usable front surfaces of the magnets are, in contrast to the arrangement according to the invention, considerably smaller than the front pole surfaces of the electrical coil. In addition, the driving force is generated by a strong central magnetic stray field directed in the Z direction of the US 2020 / 0 127 546 A1 weakened.

The provision of a moving electrical coil is not necessary for EN 10 2021 000 288.1 comes with certain disadvantages. Firstly, the service life of the moving supply cables is limited because in working mode they are subjected to constant, changing bending stress, which limits the service life of the necessary cables to the electrical coil. Secondly, the weight of the reciprocating electrical coil and thus the number of turns is also limited by the weight of the moving copper wires, which also limits the achievable magnetic drive forces and thus also the acceleration and speed of the moving parts. However, because the electrical coil is stationary and attached to a frame, in the arrangement according to the invention the cables leading to the electrical coil are no longer moved back and forth, which reduces or completely prevents the mechanical stresses that occur in the supply cables of the electrical coil and advantageously increases the fatigue strength of the supply cables. Whereas with a stationary electric coil mounted on a frame, the bending stress in the cables and the weight of the electric coil no longer play a role in the accelerated back and forth movement of the holder.

By attaching the stationary electrical coil to a frame according to the invention, the electrical coil can advantageously be equipped with many coil windings, since the weight of the electrical coil no longer plays a role in the acceleration of the moving parts when the reciprocating driven holders of the gear parallelogram move, i.e. the electrical coil can be increased or lengthened in terms of weight, wire diameter, winding diameter and coil length etc. and energized with a correspondingly high electrical voltage. Depending on the existing voltage and current strength, the magnetic drive forces emanating from the electrical coil to the permanent magnets can be increased by many coil windings, which is advantageous compared to a moving electrical coil.

A further problem with previous applications for the reciprocating movement is that the corresponding bearing of the moving parts is carried out by a specific, encompassing bearing, whereas with the device according to the invention a common deep groove ball bearing or a leaf spring can be used with little effort. Further advantages of the patent application arise from the disadvantages of electromagnetic drives cited in the literature.

The object of the present invention is therefore to create an oscillating electric drive in which at least one driving electric coil is stationary and the cables therefore no longer move back and forth and the buckling stresses in the supply cables no longer occur, thus extending the service life of the drive. A further object of the invention is to construct an electric coil and the driven permanent magnets in such a way that the highest possible driving force can be achieved with a part-circular movement of the reciprocating guided permanent magnets. The electric coil and the permanent magnets should exert the highest possible driving acceleration on the reciprocating movement of a gear device of the kinematics according to the invention, which thus exerts the highest possible power on the work equipment to be driven. Furthermore, the weight of the moving parts should be low with the highest possible driving force.

This object is achieved by the electric drive of patent claim 1 and by a vehicle with the features of patent claim 10. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims.

The combination of a magnet arrangement with kinematics in the form of a gear device and at least one spring results in an oscillating magnetic direct drive, whereby a fixed electrical coil simultaneously drives at least two permanent magnets attached to a holder in parallel. Centrally between two permanent magnets arranged on the poles of the electrical coil, pole-side facing each other, an electrical coil is arranged in such a fixed manner that its poles are always directed towards the poles of the permanent magnets when energized, both in a starting position and during the back and forth movement of the permanent magnets. Advantageously, at least two permanent magnets attached to a holder are driven simultaneously and in parallel by a repeating inverted voltage surge. While one permanent magnet is repelled by inverted voltage pulses, the other permanent magnet is attracted at the same time. By means of further inverted voltage pulses in the respective alternating dead center of the movement, a parallel reciprocating holder or permanent magnet movement of a gear device with two dead centers of the movement is created, which in a preferred design has a gear parallelogram.

At the reversal points or dead points of the movement, the electrical voltage is inverted. The inverted voltage surge causes a parallel, constantly repeating movement of the holders with the permanent magnets attached to them, the dead points of the parallel movement being characterized by the pole faces of the magnets alternately contacting the pole faces of the electrical coil. By arranging a spring and a switch on or in the kinematics or on the parallelogram or in a downstream working device, the arrangement becomes capable of oscillation through synchronous or asynchronous switch actuation of the voltage pulses. In the electrical device according to the invention, the drive comprises at least one fixed electrical coil, the fixed electrical coil simultaneously driving two permanent magnets attached to a movably mounted holder by means of a voltage pulse through attraction and repulsion. The contact surfaces of the electrical coil on the pole side can be beveled or can also be made straight at a right angle. This surface orientation of the electrical coil also depends on the straight or beveled surfaces of the permanent magnets.

Here, the electrical coil attached to a frame can have a correspondingly high number of turns and a long coil cable length, depending on the force to be exerted on the permanent magnets, without this having a negative impact on the weight of the acceleration and therefore on the speed of the reciprocating holder or the holder kinematics with the permanent magnets attached to it, because the electrical coil is attached to a fixed frame and not to the kinematics according to the invention. However, it can also be provided that a number of electrical coils attached to a frame drive a corresponding number of permanent magnets attached to movable holders in parallel or in series. The drive according to the invention also comprises kinematics coordinated with the number of holders driven, which collects the mechanical power that occurs and passes it on, for example, to a crank gear belonging to the drive according to the invention. However, it can also be provided that the mechanical power that occurs Power is transmitted directly without a crank gear, for example, to a reciprocating pump or a mass balancing device, etc. The drive according to the invention also includes at least one spring which is attached to the kinematics of the electric drive according to the invention and which makes the kinematics with the holders and the permanent magnets capable of oscillation, so that the current in the electric coil can be controlled by synchronous voltage pulses through an oscillating kinematics. This spring can also be provided in another working device, for example in a pump, whereby the spring must have a mechanical connection to the drive kinematics. It can also be provided that several gear parallel lelograms are arranged one behind the other or next to each other or one behind the other and next to each other with corresponding electrical coils.

At the dead center of the reciprocating holder movement with the permanent magnets attached to it, the pole-side working surfaces of the permanent magnets alternately contact the surfaces of the electric coil so that both surfaces are parallel. In this case, it is provided that either the electric coil or the driven permanent magnets have a beveled pole-side magnetic surface. It can also be provided that all magnetic poles, i.e. the poles of the electric coil and the poles of the driven permanent magnets, have a beveled surface on the pole side. An electric coil is arranged centrally between two permanent magnets arranged on the pole sides of the electric coil, the pole sides of which are directed towards the poles of the permanent magnets when energized, even during the reciprocating permanent magnet movement.

When a voltage surge occurs in the electrical coil, the magnetic lines on one pole side of the electrical coil simultaneously drive the permanent magnets arranged next to it on a mounted holder away from the coil by repelling them from the magnetic poles of the same name, while parallel and simultaneously on the opposite side at least one permanent magnet on a mounted holder is attracted to the electrical coil. This results in a parallel movement of the holders, which moves a holder with at least one magnet on one side of the coil further away from the electrical coil, while the magnetic forces pull the opposite holder with at least one magnet on the other side of the coil towards itself.

The kinematics according to the invention are characterized by a gear element in the form of a preferably usable gear parallelogram, wherein at least two holders guided on bearings with the permanent magnets attached to them perform a parallel movement and form the sides of a parallelogram. In the event of a voltage surge, at least two holders move parallel on a plane to the respective dead center and back again. The upper side of the parallelogram forms an articulated rod which is also attached to the two holders with joints. The lower side of the parallelogram forms a fixed, unchangeable and immovable section on a frame to which the bearings for the parallel-moving holders are attached. In a preferred design, the pivot points of the parallelogram lie outside the pole-side working surfaces of the electric coil and the permanent magnets. The forces and movements are transmitted to a mass balancing arrangement, a crank gear or to a working device or to a pump, to a vehicle transmission, etc. via a further articulated rod. The gear parallelogram consists of at least two lateral articulated holders, an upper articulated rod with two upper joints and at least two bearings that are attached to a frame. To further drive the movements in, for example, a crank gear, another articulated rod can be used. The electric coil is arranged in the middle between the side parts of the parallelogram or in the middle between the holders, which moves both holders or both permanent magnets on the holders simultaneously and in parallel when a voltage surge occurs. See also the dependent figures and figure descriptions on which the parallel movement of the holders with the corresponding joints for the articulated rod is shown with thin continuous lines.

The drive according to the invention can also be driven by more than two permanent magnets or by more than two holders, which, through inverted voltage pulses, carry out a reciprocating, parallel, partially circular and oscillating, repeatedly repeating reciprocating movement together with the holders on a kinematics which can be used to drive a work tool via at least one articulated rod. The lower two pivot points of the bearings of the side holders of the parallelogram can be implemented, for example, by bearings on a frame, while the two upper pivot points of the gear parallelogram can be implemented as upper joints of the holders and at the same time as lateral joints of an articulated rod that belongs to the kinematics. An upper articulated rod of the gear parallelogram can be implemented parallel to an example horizontal frame. The two parallel side holders represent the two lateral parts of a parallelogram, with the upper pivot points of the joints and the lower two pivot points representing the pivot points of the parallelogram. The two parallel holders and their associated bearings and at least one return spring can be replaced by two leaf springs that can be clamped in a frame and also form a parallelogram with an articulated rod arranged parallel to a frame, whereby the permanent magnets can be arranged on the leaf springs. In the middle between two permanent magnets arranged on the pole sides of the electric coil, with the same poles pointing towards each other, an electric coil is arranged in such a fixed manner that its pole sides are always directed towards the poles of the permanent magnets when energized, both in a starting position and during the back and forth movement of the permanent magnets.

The permanent magnets simultaneously perform a part-circular parallel movement on a parallelogram, with the driven permanent magnets on a part-circular path approaching and moving away from the electrical coil in turn using inverted voltage pulses, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are permanently aligned with the changing magnetic poles of the electrical coil when stationary and during movement. At least one spring attached to a holder returns the kinematics to a middle starting position after the voltage pulses have ended, although the starting position can also be at any other point on the part-circular path. A preferred middle starting position is when all distances between the electrical coil and the permanent magnets are the same. At least one spring acts on a holder on one side while it is attached to a frame on the other side. In a preferred middle starting position, at least one spring acts on the kinematics of the reciprocating holders and brings the holders to a middle starting position, for example, after the voltage pulses have been switched off. During the back and forth movement of the holders, at least one spring acts on the holders, so that an oscillating movement occurs due to intermittent voltage pulses. The starting position can also be set at any other point in the back and forth movement of the holders.

The spring can also be arranged at any other point in the kinematics, in particular it can also be installed in a downstream working device, for example in a pump etc. The dead points of the movement of the holders are mutually present when the permanent magnets on the holders are in contact with the coil surfaces. At the dead points of the movement, the pole-side surfaces are in contact with the pole-side surfaces of the electrical coil at a small distance of a few tenths of a millimeter. The dead point of the movement can be specified by another spring or by a rubber buffer etc. At the dead points of the movement, the driving voltage surges and currents are inverted. In a preferred starting position, both permanent magnets are at the same distance from the electrical coil. A mass balancing device attached to the kinematics prevents the vibrations that arise during the back and forth movement and a crank gear can convert the back and forth parallel drive movement of the two lateral holders of the gear parallelogram into a rotating movement. For example, an additional joint rod is attached to a radius of the crank gear, so that the wheel of the crank gear is set in a rotating motion during the repetitive back and forth movement. The two side holders of the parallelogram can advantageously be replaced by two leaf springs, with the springs being held firmly to a frame. The lower bearings and the holders are then advantageously omitted. In order to operate a pump, etc., the crank gear can be omitted depending on the design of the pump or the driven device.

In order to extend the drive path, in a preferred embodiment, both the fixed electric coil attached to a frame and the permanent magnets driven by it have a trapezoidal shape in the side view, which is visible in the front view and is beveled on the respective pole-side working surfaces, whereby the electric coil or the driven permanent magnets can also take on a rectangular shape in the front view. The electric coil and the permanent magnets driven by it can be manufactured in a three-dimensional form, for example in a cylindrical, cuboid or truncated cone shape, each with beveled pole-side working surfaces. The geometric shape of the pole-side working surfaces of the permanent magnets follows the shape of the pole-side working surfaces of the electric coil. When a voltage surge occurs in the electrical coil, the parallel magnetic lines on one pole side push the permanent magnets arranged next to it on a mounted holder away from the coil, while at the same time on the opposite side a permanent magnet on a mounted holder is attracted to the electrical coil. Inverted, repeatedly repeating voltage pulses and at least one spring result in a back and forth oscillating movement of the holders with the permanent magnets. Each time the polarity of the electrical coil is reversed at the respective dead center of the back and forth movement, the direction of the corresponding forces on the respective holder also changes and the holder turns around and changes direction of movement. The advantageous parallel and direct bilateral force effect of the magnetic lines when a voltage surge occurs in the electrical coil results in an efficient electromagnetic drive. Particularly in the case of an electrical drive with an electrical coil attached to a frame, large attractive and repulsive mechanical forces can be achieved by having a large number of windings around a coil core and a correspondingly high electrical voltage. Trigger forces that can be used to further drive permanent magnets on a holder. Depending on the back and forth movement of the permanent magnets from dead center to dead center, the pole-side working or magnetic surfaces of the electric coil can be made beveled or straight, whereby the pole-side surfaces of the permanent magnets can then be made alternately beveled or straight in a front view. The electrical coil is located in the middle between two permanent magnets attached to holders, whereby in a preferred starting position the distances between each pole-side surface of the electrical coil and each pole-side surface of permanent magnets are the same. At the dead centers of the movement, the slanted pole-side surface of the permanent magnets alternately and repeatedly contacts the respective slanted pole-side surface of the electrical coil, only to reverse again at the next dead center. The electrical coil is attached to a frame and is powered by cables that are also attached there. Attaching the electrical coil to a frame results in a number of advantages. Firstly, the weight of the electrical coil no longer plays a role in the back and forth holder movement with the permanent magnets attached there, since only the holder mass and the permanent magnet mass are accelerated during the back and forth movement. The important number of turns and the length of the coil wire can thus be adapted to the available power. This means that a high electrical voltage can also be used. The electrical supply of the cables to the electrical coil is now no longer subject to buckling stress, which increases the service life of the supply cables. By using a large, fixed driving coil, this can be advantageously operated with a high electrical voltage for a high number of windings and for a long cable length and with corresponding electrical currents, because the prerequisite for winding with a correspondingly long electrical coil with a corresponding wire cross-section is met by using an electrical coil fixed on a frame. By using a correspondingly large electrical coil, very large mechanical forces can be transferred to the joint rod of a kinematic system or a gear parallelogram. In another variant of the coil geometry, the electrical coil can be manufactured rectangular in the front view without sloping pole-side surfaces, whereby the pole-side surfaces of the driven permanent magnets can be manufactured with corresponding pole-side bevels.

At least one spring enables the kinematics to oscillate with at least one gear device and at least two holders, with at least one switch sensing the end positions in the dead centers of the reciprocating movement and communicating this to electronics and an amplifier circuit, which then sends synchronous or, to accelerate the movement and to decelerate the movement, asynchronous voltage pulses to the electrical coil, accelerating or decelerating the kinematics. At the dead centers, the driven pole-side surfaces of the permanent magnets approach the pole-side surfaces of the electrical coil to within a few tenths of a millimeter. The inverted voltage surges required for the operation of the reciprocating holder movement are provided in synchronous operation by at least one switch that is switched by the movement parallelogram via corresponding mechanical or electrical relays of an electronic system. If the back and forth movement is to be accelerated or decelerated, corresponding asynchronous voltage pulses are sent to the electrical coil via an electrical amplifier circuit or via adjustable electronics.

The pole-side working surfaces of the permanent magnets attached to a holder lie opposite the pole-side working surfaces of the electrical coil when the device is at rest in a rest position, i.e. in a preferred middle starting position, and also when the holders with the permanent magnets are moving. These pole-side surfaces of the permanent magnets can have a bevelled or a straight, vertical pole-side surface, depending on the shape of the pole-side surfaces of the electrical coil. See the dependent figures. The magnetic poles of the magnets attached to holders lie opposite each other with magnetic poles of the same name. For example, a north pole of one permanent magnet lies opposite another north pole of a second permanent magnet. When the drive is expanded with several electrical coils, several holders and several permanent magnets, the magnetic poles of the driven electrical coils also lie opposite each other with the same pole side. Several magnets can also be attached to a holder. For example, a holder can be divided in the middle by a web in order to attach the magnets to it. The pole-side shape of the working surface of the permanent magnets follows the pole-side shape of the driving poles of the electric coil. Even if the patented drive is expanded, leaf springs can also be used instead of the moving holders.

The movably mounted holder comprises, for example, as a side part of a parallelogram, a bearing on its underside with which the holder is held to a frame. On its upper output side, the holder has a joint for parallel connection to an articulated rod. In the event of a voltage surge, both holders move parallel on a plane up to the respective dead center on the driving pole-side coil surfaces and back again. Each holder can carry several permanent magnets which can be attached, for example, to a middle web of the holder. Of course, other types of attachment of the permanent magnets to the holders are also possible. However, it can also be provided that a holder or a holder replaced by a leaf spring has a bearing on its holder ends, for example a roller groove bearing. Also, instead of the roller lenrillenlager a plain bearing can be used that can replace a joint.

The drive can be further expanded or extended by arranging the described magnet arrangement in series, one behind the other, or in parallel, using several electric coils and mounted permanent magnets, for example on an X-axis or on an X and an axis offset parallel to it. With this expansion, it is advantageous that each holder moved within the drive with the magnets attached to it can be driven by two electric coils at the same time. See corresponding examples in the dependent figures and figure descriptions. However, it can also be provided that several electric coils with corresponding holders are arranged in parallel and in series. A serial arrangement can also be combined with a parallel arrangement. In this arrangement, several electric coils are distributed with holders. When expanded, i.e. when the drive is extended with several electric coils, several holders and several permanent magnets, the magnetic poles of the driven electric coils with the same name are opposite each other.

Advantageously, the electric drive with a corresponding large fixed electric coil simultaneously drives at least two permanent magnets attached and mounted on a movable holder by means of intermittent voltage pulses on each of its two pole-side side surfaces, which are thereby forced into a reciprocating driving movement, wherein the driven permanent magnets are attached to corresponding mounted holders which are connected to one another by kinematics and can thus drive a crank gear or a mechanical device.

Another advantage is that the electric drive, consisting of at least one fixed electric coil and at least two holders with permanent magnets, is capable of oscillation through the use of at least one spring, so that the back and forth oscillating movement of the permanent or gear kinematics allows the electric drive to control itself independently in synchronism with the movement without any further external intervention, whereby with the appropriate mechanical or electrical relays the drive can supply itself with current or voltage pulses in the end positions in synchronism with the movement through switch signals.

By using at least one electrical coil that is permanently mounted on a frame, this can advantageously be made large in both diameter and coil length in accordance with the available electrical voltage and electrical current, whereby the driving force on the moving magnets is increased and this increase is not accompanied by an additional loss of acceleration of the moving parts of the gear kinematics because the electrical coil is permanently mounted on a frame and no longer plays a role in the accelerated movement of the gear device. The increased driving force is achieved by a high number of windings, which is associated with a correspondingly high cable length of the copper windings.

Through a direct, low-effort conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy through repulsion and attraction of the opposing magnetic poles without additional iron circuits, the losses associated with iron circuits, etc. are advantageously avoided.

By directly and easily converting electrical energy into mechanical energy through repulsion and attraction, the Maxwell tensile stresses that occur on the tooth flanks and have a braking effect are advantageously avoided.

The electric drive with a correspondingly large fixed electric coil drives a gear device through repetitive back and forth movements without moving cables and without spark transfers. Cable breaks and wear of current-carrying parts such as carbon brushes etc. are advantageously avoided.

Direct and low-effort synchronous control of the required voltage pulses through the back and forth oscillating movement of the system of moving magnet-carrying holders, which is capable of oscillation by at least one spring.

The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the figure description and/or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the specified combination but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the invention.

• Die 1 zeigt in einer systematischen Vorderansicht einen erfindungsmäßigen Antrieb mit einem Getriebeparallelogramm mit vier Gelenkpunkten, sowie eine befestigte mittige el. Spule die Permanentmagnete auf einem Getriebeparallelogramm antreibt.Sowohl die el. Spule als auch die angetriebenen Permanentmagnete weisen abgeschrägte Magnetpolflächen auf. Antreibende Magnetlinien sind in der 1 eingezeichnet.
• Die 2 zeigt wie die 1 in einer systematischen Vorderansicht ein erfindungsmäßiges Getriebeparallelogramms mit vier Gelenkpunkten , jedoch mit zwei auf einem Rahmen befestigten, rechteckigen, mittigen el. Spulen mit geraden Magnetpolflächen sowie abgeschrägte Magnetpolflächen der Permanentmagnete.
• Auch die 3 zeigt in einer systematischen Vorderansicht einen erfindungsmäßigen Antrieb mit einer teilweisen Erweiterung durch eine weitere mittige el. Spule und mit einem Getriebeparallelogramm mit vier Gelenkpunkten sowie mit einer feststehenden el. Spule mit abgeschrägten Magnetpolflächen sowie mit geraden Magnetpolflächen der angetriebenen Permanentmagnete.
• Die 4 zeigt in einer systematischen Zeichnung eine Vorderansicht eines Getriebeparallelogramm als Teil einer Kinematik des erfindungsmäßigen Antriebes jedoch ohne mittige el. Spule.
• Die 5 zeigt zwei, in den Figuren verwendeten möglichen geometrische Formen der el. Spulen , wobei in der Mitte der 5 untereinander dargestellte Vorderansichten der el. Spule die seilichen polseitigen Arbeitsflächen der el. Spule oben mit abgeschrägten und darunter mit geraden polseitigen Arbeitsflächen dargestellt sind. In einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung kann die el. Spule eine zylinderartige bzw. eine quaderartige bzw. eine kegelstumpfartige Form etc. aufweisen.
• Die 6 zeigt einen Halter, wobei zwei Halter die parallelen seitlichen Teile eines Getriebeparallelogramms bilden.

Further advantages, features and combinations of features and details of the invention emerge from the claims of the following description of preferred embodiments and from drawings in which identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with identical reference numerals. Shown are:

• The 1 shows in a systematic front view an inventive drive with a gear parallelogram with four articulation points, as well as a fixed central electrical coil the permanent magnets on a gear pa rallelogram. Both the electric coil and the driven permanent magnets have bevelled magnetic pole surfaces. Driving magnetic lines are in the 1 marked.
• The 2 shows how the 1 in a systematic front view of an inventive gear parallelogram with four articulation points, but with two rectangular, central electrical coils with straight magnetic pole surfaces and bevelled magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets attached to a frame.
• Also the 3 shows in a systematic front view a drive according to the invention with a partial extension by an additional central electric coil and with a gear parallelogram with four articulation points as well as with a fixed electric coil with bevelled magnetic pole surfaces and with straight magnetic pole surfaces of the driven permanent magnets.
• The 4 shows in a systematic drawing a front view of a gear parallelogram as part of a kinematics of the inventive drive but without a central electrical coil.
• The 5 shows two possible geometric shapes of the el. coils used in the figures, where in the middle of the 5 Front views of the electric coil shown one below the other, the side pole-side working surfaces of the electric coil are shown with beveled working surfaces at the top and with straight pole-side working surfaces below. In a three-dimensional representation, the electric coil can have a cylindrical, cuboid, truncated cone shape, etc.
• The 6 shows a holder, where two holders form the parallel lateral parts of a transmission parallelogram.

The 1 shows in a systematic front view a drive 30 according to the invention with a gear parallelogram 15 according to the invention with four articulation points 4, whereby the gear parallelogram 15 of a kinematics 11 with the two holders 12 and the permanent magnets 1 with the magnetic poles 2 moves back and forth 25 in the electrical coil 5 when a voltage pulse 29 is applied. The holders 12 are mounted on the bearings 13 at the lower end. The gear parallelogram 15 consists of the two lateral holders 12, an articulated rod 21 parallel to the frame horizontally with the two upper joints 22 and at least two bearings 13 which are attached to a frame 9. A further articulated rod 34 can be used to drive the movements of a crank gear 14 arranged next to it, for example. The four pivot points 4 of the gear parallelogram 15 are identified by the reference number 4.

In a preferred embodiment, and in order to extend the working path of the holder 12, pole-side bevels are made on the contours 40 of the pole-side working surfaces 35 of the electrical coil 5 and the permanent magnets 2. The two parallel holders 12 in the 2 represent the two lateral sections of a gear parallelogram 15, whereby the upper pivot points 4 of the joints 22 and the two lower pivot points 4 represent the bearings 13 of the holders 12, which move in parallel. An upper articulated rod 21 is attached in an articulated manner parallel to a horizontal line of a frame 9 at the upper ends of the holder 12 and also belongs to the gear parallelogram 15. The magnetic lines of force 3 shown press the gear parallelogram 15 to the right, which is illustrated by the direction of movement of the movement arrow 24, whereby a crank gear 14, a working machine 26, a working device 27 or a pump 28 etc. or a vehicle 49 can be driven by a further articulated rod 34. The electromagnetic drive 30 is located in a preferred middle starting position 16 between the lower 17 and the upper dead center 18 of the parallel movement of the lateral holders 12 of the gear parallelogram 15 and is just in the 1 in the direction of the positive X-axis in direction 24. The gear parallelogram 15 is thus accelerated back and forth from a preferred middle starting position 16 to the dead centers 17 and 18 by inverted voltage pulses 29 using magnetic forces.

In the middle of the 1 an electrical coil 5 with slanted pole-side surfaces 35 is shown, which is fastened to a frame 9, and which has bevelled, pole-side working surfaces 35 with a bevelled coil contour 40. To the right and left of the pole sides 35 of the electrical coil 5, two holders 12 with permanent magnets fastened to them are shown, which repeatedly move the gear parallelogram 15 back and forth when inverted voltage pulses 29 are received, and which each also have a bevelled pole-side working surface 42. The electrical coil 5 is fastened to a frame 9. The two pole-side working surfaces 35 of the electrical coil 5 have a bevelled contour 40 according to the invention in the front view. The pole-side working surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1 also have a bevelled pole-side contour 37 according to the invention in the front view. A beveled magnetic surface on the opposite side of the holder 12, which is not used for driving, is marked with the reference number 43. In a three-dimensional representation, both the electrical coils 5 of the devices according to the invention and the permanent magnets 1 can take on a rectangular shape, a cylindrical shape, a truncated pyramid shape or other geometric shapes with the bevels of the pole-side working surfaces shown in the front view. A device for mass compensation 52, not shown here, prevents vibrations that occur here. A stop device 53, also not shown, can also slow down or stop the kinematics in the dead centers. For example, a rubber profile or an additional spring can be used for this purpose. The permanent magnets 1 attached to the holders 12 face each other with magnetic poles 2 of the same name on the pole side, according to the invention with two north poles 2. Even during the parallel holder movement due to inverted voltage pulses 29 with the permanent magnets 1 attached to them, the magnetic pole surfaces 35 of the electrical coil 5 and the magnetic pole surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1 face each other 20 - that is, they only change their relative pole-side position slightly even during their movement. Starting from the middle of the 1 on a frame 9 fixed electrical coil 5, there is an inverted and repeating voltage pulse in the electrical coil 29 to the right of the electrical coil 5 through inhomogeneous lines of force 3 of the magnets 1 a repulsive force component and to the left of the electrical coil 5 an attractive force component on the respective magnets 1 on the holders 12 of the motion parallelogram 15. In the 1 At the top left and top right, a limit switch 44 is shown in each of the two dead points 17 and 18 of the movement, which is actuated by the gear parallelogram 15 in each end position 17 and 18 of the reciprocating repetitive movement, and which sends synchronous inverted voltage pulses 29 via a circuit into the electrical coil 5. In the 1 the magnetic poles of the electric coil 5 are marked with the reference symbol 6, while the inhomogeneous magnetic field of the electric coil 5 is marked with the reference symbol 7. In order to attach the permanent magnets 1 to the holders 12, the respective permanent magnet 1 is split in the middle and attached to a middle web 48 of the holder 12. This creates the permanent magnets 1,31 and 1,32 which are attached back to back to the holders 12 on the continuous middle web 48. The continuous web 48 of the holder 12 also connects the upper and lower parts of the holder 12. Bottom left in the 1 A double-acting helical spring 23 is attached to the lower part of the holder 12, which makes the gear parallelogram 15 with the joint rods 21, 34, the holders 12 and the corresponding joints 22 and the bearings 13 capable of oscillation, and brings the drive into a middle starting position 16 after the voltage pulses 29 are switched off. Of course, other types of springs can also be used at other geometric locations of the kinematics 11. The cables that lead to the electric coil 5 are marked with the reference number 8.

The 2 shows how the 1 in a systematic front view of an inventive gear parallelogram 15 of a kinematics 11 with four articulation points 4, but in contrast to the 1 with two rectangular electrical coils 5 mounted on a frame 9, whereby the gear parallelogram 15 of a kinematics 11 with the two holders 12 and the permanent magnets 1 moves back and forth 25 parallel to each other in response to a voltage pulse 29. For this purpose, the holders 12 are mounted on the lower bearings 13 and are connected to the upper joints 22 in the upper part of the 2 attached to a joint rod 21. The motion parallelogram 15 is accelerated by magnetic forces from a preferred middle starting position 16 to the dead points 17 and 18 by inverted voltage pulses 29. The current drive direction, which results from the pole-side fixing of the magnets 1 with the magnetic poles 2 and the electric coil 5 with the magnetic poles 6, is marked with the reference number 24 and points in the direction of the positive X-axis. The stationary electric coils 5 are in the 2 no longer like in the 1 equipped with bevelled pole-side working surfaces 35 but have two rectangular straight pole-side surfaces 10 of the coil contour 41. In addition, in the 2 two electrical coils 5 drive the gear parallelogram 15 with permanent magnets 1 attached thereto, which already constitutes an extended drive for a further extension 45 of the drive 30 of the invention. So that the electrical coils 5 cannot move, they are attached to a frame 9. In the 2 Two rectangular electrical coils 5 with straight pole-side working surfaces 10 are shown, which drive the permanent magnets 1 attached to holders 12 with corresponding voltage pulses 29. In this regard, the two electrical coils 5 with straight pole-side magnetic surfaces 10 have a straight rectangular contour 41 visible in the front view. So that the magnetic surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1, which are also bevelled on the pole side, can be placed on the pole-side magnetic surfaces 10 of the electrical coils 5, the pole-side working or magnetic surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1 are also bevelled in the front view or have a bevelled contour 37. Also in the 2 the pole-side surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1 were bevelled in order to extend the working path of the holders 12 with the permanent magnets 1 or 1,31 and 1,32. In order to increase the driving force, one can see in the 2 particularly good is the second, further right-hand electrical coil 5, with which a further extension 45 of the drive 30 can be carried out. The holder 12 further to the right has a double-sided magnetic drive.

The corresponding forces transmitted by the joint rods 21 and 34 can be transmitted to a crank mechanism 14, a working machine 26, a working device 27 or a pump 28 etc. or can be used to drive a vehicle 49. The permanent magnets 1 attached to the holders 12 are each arranged next to the electrical coil 5 with magnetic poles 2 of the same name on the pole side in the 1 with two north poles 2 facing each other 20 . Even during the holder movement with the permanent magnets 1 attached to it, the straight magnetic pole surfaces 10 of the electric coil and the magnetic working or pole surfaces 42 of the permanent magnets 1 face each other 20. Pole-side working surfaces 43 that are not used for driving have the reference number 43 . In a three-dimensional representation, the electric coil 5 of the drive according to the invention can take on a rectangular shape, a cylindrical shape, a truncated pyramid shape, etc. with the bevels of the pole-side working surfaces shown in the front view. The opposite pole-side working surfaces of the permanent magnets follow the working surfaces of the electric coil and accordingly have the same surface area or the same area as the electric coil.

Bottom left is also in the 2 a double-acting helical spring 23 is attached to the lower part of the holder 12, which makes the gear parallelogram 15 with the joint rods 21, 34, the holders 12 and the corresponding two upper joints 22 and the two lower bearings 13 capable of oscillation, and brings the kinematics 11 of the inventive drive 30 into a middle starting position 16 after the voltage pulses 29 have been switched off. Of course, other types of springs can also be used at other geometric locations of the kinematics 11. The cables leading to the electrical coil 5 are in the 2 not shown for reasons of space. As in the 1 The permanent magnets 1 are split in the middle so that they can be attached to the middle bar 48 of the holder 12. The division of the permanent magnets 1 creates the individual partial magnets 1,32 and 1,31. Also in the 2 the permanent magnets 1 are opposite each other pole-wise 20, even during the back and forth movement of the holders 12. A device for mass compensation 52, not shown here, prevents vibrations from occurring. A stop device 53, also not shown, can also slow down or stop the kinematics in the dead points. For example, a rubber profile or an additional spring can be used for this purpose.

Also the 3 shows in a front view a drive 30 according to the invention with a partial extension 45 by a further electric coil 5 and with an inventive gear parallelogram 15 with four articulation points 4, whereby this parallelogram 15 of a kinematics 11 with the two holders 12 and the permanent magnets 1 moves back and forth 25 in the electric coil 5 with the alternating magnetic poles 6 when a voltage pulse 29 is applied. At the lower end of the holders 12, these are guided with the bearings 13. In order to extend the working path of the holder 12, pole-side bevels were made on the contour 40 of the pole-side surfaces 35 of the electric coil 5, while the pole-side contour 36 of the permanent magnets 1 has a rectangular or a straight contour 36 in the front view and in the side view. The two parallel holders 12 in the 3 represent the two lateral sections of a gear parallelogram 15, whereby the upper pivot points 4 of the joints 22 and the two lower pivot points 4 represent the bearings 13 of the holder 12, which move parallel and are also parallel to one another in the preferred rest position 16 or in a middle preferred starting position 16. An upper articulated rod 21 is also articulated parallel to a horizontal line of a frame 9 at the upper ends of the holder 12, horizontally attached and also belongs to the gear parallelogram 15. The magnetic lines of force press the movement parallelogram 15 to the right, which is illustrated by the direction of movement of the movement arrow 24, whereby a further articulated rod 34 between the gear parallelogram 15 and a crank gear 14, a work machine 26, a work tool 27 or a pump 28, etc. or a vehicle 49 can be driven by corresponding magnetic forces. The electromagnetic drive 30 is located in a preferred middle starting position 16 between the lower 17 and the upper dead center 18 of the parallel movement of the lateral holders 12 of the gear parallelogram 15. In this way, the motion parallelogram 15 is accelerated by inverted voltage pulses 29 from a preferred middle starting position 16 to the dead centers 17 and 18 in a repeatedly repeated back and forth movement 25. A device for mass compensation 52, not shown here, prevents vibrations occurring in this case. A stop device 53, also not shown, can also brake or stop the kinematics 11 in the dead centers 17 and 18. For example, a rubber profile or an additional spring can be used for this purpose. In the middle of the systematic 3 a cut electrical coil 5 with inclined pole-side surfaces 35 is shown, which is attached to a frame 9, and the beveled, pole-side working surfaces 35 with a beveled coil contour 40 on To the right and left of the pole sides 35 of the electric coil 5, two holders 12 with permanent magnets 1 fastened thereto are shown, which move the gear parallelogram 15 back and forth in the case of inverted voltage pulses 29 and which have straight pole-side working surfaces 39, whereby the opposite sides of the permanent magnets 1 which do not have any working functions have the reference number 46.

On the left edge of the picture, a part of an electric coil 5 can be seen, which belongs to an advantageous serial extension 45 of the drive 30 shown. A frame on which the electric coils 5 are attached has the reference number 9, while the cable that leads to the electric coil 5 has the reference number 8.

Like in the 1 and in the 2 the permanent magnets 1 are split in the middle so that they can be attached to the middle web 48 of the holder 12. The division of the permanent magnets 1 creates the individual partial magnets 1.32 and 1.31.

The 4 shows in a systematic drawing a front view of a kinematics 11 with a gear parallelogram 15 and a crank gear 14 as a component of a drive 30 according to the invention. The two parallel outer sides of the gear parallelogram 15 represent the two parallel lateral holders 12, which are mounted on the bearings 13 and held on a frame 9, and rotate about the pivot points 4 of the bearings 13. The upper, horizontal joint rod 21 can also be arranged parallel to a frame 9 and can also move back and forth at the upper pivot points 4 about the joints 22. The joints 22 carry out a part-circular movement 25 through electromagnetic forces. A further joint rod 34 transmits the movements of the holders 12 or the joint rod 21 to a downstream crank gear 14.

On the right side of the 4 a part of a crank gear 14 is shown.

Starting from a preferred starting position 16, the gear parallelogram 15 according to the invention moves back and forth from a bottom dead center 17 to a top dead center 18. The directions of movement 25 of the upper articulation points 22 of the gear parallelogram 15 are shown in the 4 marked with arrows.

The permanent magnets 1 are mounted on the holders 12 and are driven by a central electrical coil 5 (not shown here). 4 at least one spring 23. Two springs 23 are shown which act on the holder 12, make the drive 30 capable of oscillation, and bring the drive 30 into a middle starting position 16 after the voltage pulses 29 have been switched off.

In particular, the springs 23 and the holders 12 as well as the lower bearings 13 can each be replaced by a leaf spring 47, so that the drive 30 can continue to oscillate accordingly. In this arrangement, the permanent magnets 1 can then be mounted on the leaf springs 47 which are driven back and forth.

The 5 shows two possible geometric shapes of the el. coil 5 used in the figures, where in the middle of the 5 Front views of the electric coil 5 shown one below the other with a rectangular outer contour and a trapezoidal outer contour can be seen. In the upper middle front view of the electric coil 5, an electric coil 5 with two beveled pole-side working surfaces 35 visible in the front view, each with a side view, can be seen, with the side views being visible to the right and left of the middle front view. The upper electric coil 5 has a trapezoidal beveled contour 40 on the pole side in the front view, with a beveled contour 40 of the electric coil being attainable by a V-shaped, asymmetrical structure of the coil wire guide of a coil housing. The electric coil 5 can of course also be manufactured in other geometric shapes, whereby either the electric coil 5 in a front view has two beveled pole-side sides 35 or the magnets 1 have two beveled pole-side sides 42 or the electric coil 5 and the magnets 1 have two beveled pole-side sides, whereby the drive path is increased. Of course, all other coil shapes and magnet shapes with beveled pole-side working surfaces are also possible. For example, a cylindrical or cuboid shape etc. can be used.

The alternating magnetic poles of the electric coil 5 are marked with the reference symbol 6. In the lower part of the 5 an electric coil 5 with a rectangular contour 41 in the front view can be seen, the side views of the pole-side end faces 10 of which can also be seen to the right and left of the front view in a side view with the magnetic poles 6. Both coil designs are attached to a frame 9.

The 6 shows in a systematic drawing a holder 12, where two holders 12 form the parallel lateral parts of a gear parallelogram 15 according to the invention. 6 A front view of the holder 12 is shown, while on the right side of the 6 a side view of the holder 12. On the left side of the 6 There is a permanent magnet in an additional rectangular cutout net 1 which is cut into two parts 31 and 32 for assembly, which can be attached individually to the prepared holder surface 33. For example, the individual magnets 31 and 32 are glued to the middle web 48 of the holder 12. The mounting location of the individual magnets 31 and 32 is marked with arrows on the middle web 48. In the 6 Both partial magnets 31 and 32 have a bevelled pole-side contour 37 in a front view. The installation location of the guide bearings 13, which can be fitted into a lower hole in the holder 13, is also marked with an arrow. The upper two joints 22 are part of a gear parallelogram and can also be provided by the joint rod 21. The holders 12 with the guide bearing 13 and at least one return spring 23 can also be replaced by a leaf spring 47 clamped in the frame 9. The cut-apart or split magnets 31 and 32 are also marked with 1,31 and 1,32 in the 1 the 2 and the 3 vThe poles of the cut-apart permanent magnets 31 and 32 are marked with the reference symbol 2.

1

Generic term for driven permanent magnets which are mounted on holders (12) mounted on one side or on leaf springs (47) clamped on one side and move back and forth on an inventive gear parallelogram (15) of a gear device (50) driven by the alternating magnetic field (29) of a fixed electric coil (5); In order to be able to mount the permanent magnets (1) on holders (12) or on leaf springs (47), they can be used cut apart in the middle. The magnets (1) can therefore be composed of the two partial magnets (31) and (32). See also 6 ; The poles (6) of the permanent magnets (1) are directed, according to the invention, by a gear parallelogram (15) to the magnetic poles (6) of the fixed electric coil (5) both when stationary and during their movement (25);

2

magnetic pole or working surface of the driven permanent magnet (1);

3

inhomogeneous field of the permanent magnet (1);

4

upper and lower pivot points of the holder (12) which, with a joint rod (21), the lateral parallel holders (13) and the lateral parallel leaf springs (47), forms a gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention, wherein the lower bearings (13) are fastened, for example, to a frame (9), and the upper bearings (22) can move freely;

5

fixed electrical coil attached to a frame (9), the alternating magnetic poles (6) of which are permanently aligned with the moving poles (2) of the magnets (1) even during the back and forth movement -- the pole-side working surfaces of the electrical coil (5) can be made straight (10) or bevelled (35) - a pole-side bevelled working surface (35) of the electrical coil (5) can be achieved by an asymmetrical V-shaped form of the electrical coil (5);

6

magnetic alternating pole of the fixed electric coil (5) which is also referred to as working surface in the dependent documents;

7

inhomogeneous magnetic field of the electrical coil (5);

8th

Cable of the electric coil (5);

9

Frame for fastening the stationary electrical coil (5) and the bearings (13) of the holder (12) of the kinematics (11) or frame (9) for clamping the leaf springs (47) on one side - the frame (9) can lie parallel to an articulated rod (21) as the basis of a gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention;

10

pole-side straight magnet or working surface of a fixed electrical coil (5);

11

Kinematics (general term) - kinematics includes various gear elements (58) such as at least one gear parallelogram (15) with at least two upper joints (22) and at least two lower bearings (13), at least one joint rod (21) and one joint rod (34) for transmitting the drive forces, a crank gear (14), at least two holders (12 etc.;

12

Holder as a gear element (58) on which the driven permanent magnets (1) are fastened, as lateral parts of a gear parallelogram (15) of a gear device (50), wherein two parallel, lateral holders of a gear parallelogram (15) move back and forth in parallel -- the at least two holders (12) or the leaf springs (47) are fastened with their lower pivot points (4) or with their lower bearings (13) on a frame (9) and form the lateral parallel parts of a gear parallelogram (15); The holders (12) as well as at least one spring (23) and the bearings (13) can be replaced by two lateral, parallel leaf springs (47);

13

lower fastening bearing of the holder (12) -- or lower pivot points (4) of the inventive gear parallelogram (15) -- the lower two pivot points (4) of the lower fastening bearings are held on a frame (9), while the upper two joints (22) or the upper pivot points (4) form a gear parallelogram (15) and can move freely -- the upper joints (22) or the lower bearings (13) can also be implemented as sliding or roller bearings.

14

Crank gear as a gear element (58) of a driven kinematics (11);

15

Gear parallelogram according to the invention as part of a gear device (50) or a kinematics (11) - driven in a repetitive back and forth movement by the permanent magnets (1) fastened to at least two lateral parallel holders (12) or to at least two lateral parallel leaf springs (47) of the gear parallelogram (15) or by at least one stationary electrical coil (5) - the gear parallelogram has at least four pivot points (4) which can be implemented by bearings (13) or joints (22) - a drive (30) can include several driven gear parallelograms (15) arranged one behind the other and/or in parallel - the base of the gear parallelogram (15) is formed by at least two lower sliding or roller bearings (13) fastened to a frame (9) - while the upper bearings or joints (22) of the gear parallelogram (15) can move freely be able to move;

16

Starting position of the kinematics - this can preferably be vertical - in the middle of the working path but also at any point of the working path of the holder (12) or the leaf springs (47) - the starting position (16) can be fixed by at least one spring (23);

17

bottom dead center of the movement in the front view of the 1 , 2 and 3 right;

18

top dead center of the movement in the front view of the 1 , 2 and 3 Left;

19

uniform distance between the permanent magnets (1) and the electrical coil (5);

20

opposing magnetic poles (6) of the electric coil (5) and the poles (2) of the permanent magnets (1), wherein the magnetic poles (6) of the electric coil (5) and the magnetic poles (2) of the permanent magnets (1) also face each other during the reciprocating, part-circular parallel movement;

21

upper joint rod of the gear parallelogram - can be arranged parallel to a frame or to the horizontal in the figures - at its ends the joint rod has a joint (22) or a roller or a sliding bearing which can move freely;

22

upper two joints or sliding or roller bearings of the joint rod (21) and upper pivot points (4) of the holder (12) or the gear parallelogram (15) or the flat steel spring (47) which can move freely in space;

23

Spring for pushing the reciprocating holders (12) back to a basic position and for causing the drive to oscillate back and forth;

24

current direction of movement of the upper joint rod (21) when the electric coil (5) is energized;

25

reciprocating, repeatedly repeating movement of the gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention with the lateral parallel holders (12) or with the lateral parallel leaf springs (47) when the coil (5) is energized by inverted voltage pulses (29) of the electrical coil (5);

26

work machine, work vehicle etc;

27

Work equipment (generic term) includes pump, vehicle, mechanical device etc.;

28

Pump --when using the drive in a working device (27) or a pump which requires a reciprocating, repetitive movement, the crank gear (14) can be omitted;

29

synchronous and asynchronous voltage pulses which flow into the electrical coil (5) via an amplifier circuit with mechanical or electrical relays;

30

inventive permanent magnet drive;

31

For easier assembly, a cut-apart permanent magnet (31) of a magnet (1) can be used-- in a front view attached to the left side of the holder (12)-- in the 1 in the 2 and in the 3 also marked with 1.31;

32

For easier assembly, a cut-apart permanent magnet (32) of a magnet (1) can be used -- in a front view mounted on the right side of the holder (12) -- in the 1 in the 2 and in the 3 also marked with 1.32;

33

Adhesive or mounting surface for permanent magnets (31) or (32) prepared or attached to holder (12);

34

further joint rod as a transmission element (58) as part of a transmission device (50) which transmits the occurring forces and movements to a mass balancing device (52) or a crank gear (14), etc.;

35

pole-side bevelled magnet or working surface of an electric coil (5) in front view;

36

pole-side straight contour of the driven sides of a permanent magnet (1) in front view;

37

Pole-side bevelled contour of the sides of a permanent magnet (1) in front view;

38

serial or parallel extension or serial and parallel extension of the drive (30) by arranging additional electrical coils (5) and magnets (1) one behind the other and in parallel;

39

pole-side straight magnet or working surface of a permanent magnet (1);

40

in a front view, the pole-side bevelled contour of the electrical coil (5), wherein a bevelled structure of the electrical coil (5) can be achieved by a V-shaped asymmetrical structure of the coil wire guide of the electrical coil (5);

41

straight contour of an electrical coil (5);

42

pole-side bevelled magnetic surface of a permanent magnet (1) in front view;

43

pole-side, in front view, bevelled magnetic surface of a permanent magnet (1) which is not involved in the drive of a gear parallelogram (15);

44

Switch which is actuated by the reciprocating movement (25) of the holder (12) in its end positions (17, 18), wherein synchronous voltage pulses (29) can be fed directly and asynchronous voltage pulses (29) can be fed indirectly via control electronics and an amplifier circuit into the electrical coil (5);

45

further extension or enlargement of the drive (30) according to the invention by, for example, one or more particularly long and large-diameter electrical coils (5) attached to a frame (9) with correspondingly large driven permanent magnets (1) etc.;

46

In the front view, the pole-side surface of a permanent magnet (1) which is not used for work;

47

clamped leaf spring as a gear element (58) - can replace a holder (12) as well as a bearing (13) and a spring (23) and is fastened or clamped on a frame (9), wherein a roller or a sliding bearing for a joint rod (21) is seated at the upper pivot point (4) of the leaf spring (47);

48

central web in the holder (12) which connects the lower part and the upper part of the holder (12) with each other;

49

Vehicle which can be driven by a drive (30) according to the invention;

50

Transmission device (generic term), for example in the form of a transmission parallelogram (15) according to the invention, a kinematic system (11) and further transmission elements (58);

51

further spring as a stop device (53) to stop the reciprocating movements (25) in the dead centers (17,18) of the movement, whereby the stored spring energy can be used again for further reciprocating drive of the gear parallelogram (15);

52

Device for counter-rotating mass balancing as part of an inventive kinematics (11) in order to avoid vibrations -;

53 =

anchor device;

(54)

title of the invention;

(57)

main claim;

58

Gear element as part of a gear device (50) or a gear parallelogram (15), for example holder (12), leaf spring (47), articulated rod (21,34) or crank gear (14) etc.;

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EN 1020210002881 [0010, 0014]
• GB19138464A [0011, 0012, 0013]
• US 20200127546 A1 [0011, 0012, 0013]

Claims (10)

Electrical device with a permanent magnet drive and vehicle, characterized in that at least one electrical coil (5) fastened to a frame (9) is located centrally between at least two permanent magnets (1) of the same pole side, which are opposite one another and are simultaneously driven by the electrical coil (5), and the poles (6) of the electrical coil (5) and the poles (2) of the magnets (1) are opposite one another even during the reciprocating, repetitive parallel movement (25), and the magnets (1) are fastened to lateral, parallel movable holders (12), wherein the holders (12) are guided by inverted voltage pulses (29) as lateral, parallel gear elements (58) of a gear device (50) towards the poles (6) of the electrical coil (5) and away from it again, aligned in parallel with one another on the pole side, and in the dead centers (17, 18) the poles (2) of the magnets (1) are aligned with the poles (6) of the electrical coil. (5) mutually approaching to within a few tenths of a millimeter, and the movements can be transmitted by a further gear element (58) of a gear device (50), wherein the drive (30) is capable of oscillation by at least one spring (23) and can be expanded by an extension (38,45), whereby the driving force is increased. EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 characterized in that both the lateral parallel holders (12) movably fastened to a frame (9) on one side and at least one spring (23) and a lower fastening bearing (13) of the holders (12) can be replaced by at least two leaf springs (47) clamped on one side as lateral, parallel supports of the permanent magnets (1) and lateral gear elements (58) of a gear device (50), whereby the structure of the drive (30) is simplified and the reciprocating movements (25) can be used to drive a work machine (26), a work tool (27), a pump (28) and a vehicle (49), etc. EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 and 2 characterized in that a gear device (50) of a kinematics (12) of a drive (30) according to the invention has a definable number of gear parallelograms (15) with at least two lateral and movably attached parallel holders (12) or with at least two lateral parallel leaf springs (47) clamped on one side, which can be used to drive a work machine (26), a work tool (27), a pump (28) and a vehicle (49), etc., wherein at least two mounted holders (12) or at least two clamped leaf springs (47) form the lateral parallel gear elements (58) of a gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention. EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 until 3 characterized in that both pole sides of at least one fixed electrical coil (5), in a preferred application, have bevelled pole-side working surfaces (35), the permanent magnets (1) fastened and driven on parallel holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) also having bevelled pole-side working surfaces (42) with a bevelled contour (37) in the front view, and as a result the working path of the permanent magnets (1) is extended, and the permanent magnets (1) fastened on holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) approach the alternating poles (6) of the electrical coil (5) to within a few tenths of a millimetre during their back and forth movement (25). EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 until 3 characterized in that both pole sides of at least one fixed electric coil (5) have straight working surfaces (10), the permanent magnets (1) fastened and driven on parallel holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) having bevelled pole-side working surfaces (42) with a bevelled contour (37) in the front view, and the permanent magnets (1) fastened on holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) approach the alternating poles (6) of the electric coil (5) to within a few tenths of a millimetre during their back and forth parallel movement (25). El. device with a permanent magnetic drive according to Claim 1 until 3 characterized in that both pole sides of at least one fixed electric coil (5) have bevelled working surfaces (35), the permanent magnets (1) fastened and driven on parallel holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) having straight pole-side working surfaces (39) with a straight contour (37) in the front view, and bevelled working surfaces (35) of the electric coil can be reached through a V-shaped asymmetrical structure of the coil wire guide of a coil housing, and the permanent magnets (1) fastened on holders (12) or on leaf springs (47) approach the alternating poles (6) of the electric coil (5) to within a few tenths of a millimeter during their back and forth movement (25). EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 until 6 characterized in that at least one switch (44) is actuated by the reciprocating, parallel movement (25) of the holder (12) in its end positions or dead points (17, 18), whereby synchronous and asyn chronous voltage pulses (29) can be fed directly or indirectly via electronics and an amplifier circuit into the electrical coil (5) at the dead points (17,18) of the movement. EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 until 7 characterized in that the vibrations of the driving reciprocating movements (25) of at least one gear parallelogram (15) are compensated by a mass balancing device (52), the kinematics (11) of the reciprocating movements (25) of the gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention being compensated by corresponding opposing masses of a mass balancing device (52), thus ensuring smooth running of the drive (30). EI. Device with a permanent magnet drive according to Claim 1 until 8th characterized in that the reciprocating, repeatedly repeating movements (25) of the gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention each strike a stop device (53) in the form of a further spring (51) at the dead centers (17) and (18) of the movement (25), the potential energy stored by a spring (51) of the stop device (53) being usable again for further driving or for accelerating the gear parallelogram (15) according to the invention, and the permanent magnets (1) fastened to holders (12) or leaf springs (47) approach the poles (6) of the electrical coil (5) to within a few tenths of a millimeter during their reciprocating movement (25). Et. Device with a permanent magnetic drive according to Claim 1 characterized in that a vehicle (49) has a frame (9) with which at least one drive (30) according to the invention and at least one arrangement according to Claim 1 held by fixed electrical coils (5) and movably mounted permanent magnets (1).