DE102021113429A1 - Installation and method for processing a substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile device 100 for the preparation of a substrate 13, preferably a riding surface, and a method for the preparation of substrates 13. The mobile device 100 comprises a device carrier 53 with a feed device 21 for receiving the substrate 13 to be cleaned, at least one screening system 23 ; 23', an energy source 54 and at least one conveyor system 25, 27, 28, 29 for transporting the substrate 13. If the substrate 13 to be cleaned is, for example, a riding surface, this wears down over time due to mechanical abrasion and/or entry of organic impurities and must be renewed. As a rule, the renewal is done by removing and disposing of the old substrate 13 and introducing a new substrate 13.Um to process significant parts of the worn substrate 13 so that recycling in a new substrate is possible, it is proposed that- to accommodate the cleaning substrate (13), a floating basin (58) filled with a liquid (59) is provided, so that a suspension (61) of liquid (59) and substrate (13) can be produced within the floating basin, - at least one pump (60) for transporting the suspension (61) from the floating basin (58) to the at least one screening plant (23, 23'), - the screening plant (23; 23') has at least two screens (32, 36), wherein: - the first Screen (32) has a mesh size (W1) which is larger than a mesh size (W2) of the second screen (36). 24) with different particle sizes can be separated and generally reused.

Description

The invention relates to a mobile device for preparing a substrate, preferably a riding surface, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for preparing a substrate.

A riding surface is understood below to mean the footing of a riding arena. A riding surface is therefore an example of a substrate to be cleaned.

A riding arena is a demarcated area where horses are ridden. A distinction is made between natural sites and sites specially designed for riding. In the latter, a distinction is made between grass and sand pitches. Both are available in a wide variety of designs, which differ in structure, material used and purpose. In contrast to the natural arena, which is quickly destroyed by horses' hooves, depending on the weather, a riding arena offers the opportunity to use it with many horses over a longer period of time. In riding arena construction, there are numerous construction options that are suitable for different requirements. Sand is often used as the top layer. The most common structure is the three-layer construction consisting of a substructure, a separating layer and a riding surface.

The substructure usually consists of a water-permeable base layer made of coarse chippings. A separating layer is installed on top of this, which consists of perforated mats, for example. The riding surface is applied to this. This system gets its tread resistance from finely tuned sands or additives such as wood chips, fibers or geotextile fleece pieces. Three-shift courts drain vertically. Excess water is drained into the ground.

As a rule, sand forms the central part of almost all footing mixture variants. Sand is a naturally occurring, unconsolidated sediment composed primarily of mineral grains ranging in size from 0.063 to 2 millimeters. On average, sand is coarser than silt (grain size predominantly 0.002 to 0.063 millimeters) and finer than gravel (grain size predominantly 2 to 63 millimeters). The term "sand" does not depend on the mineral composition. However, most of the sands consist mainly of quartz grains.

The sand used for the riding surface should consist of graded grain sizes from 0.04 mm to 0.95 mm, preferably from graded grain sizes from 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm. Such sands can bind more water and have a higher shear strength and stability than coarse-grained sands.

On the other hand, a grain size in the range mentioned is large enough to prevent the minute grains that settle down over time from forming a water-impermeable horizon in the lower area of the footing. The problem, however, is that the grains of sand are subject to wear and tear over time due to the constant grinding and moving of the horse's hooves in the footing. To put it simply, the finest particles are ground off from the initially larger grains of sand. The higher the proportion of fines with the smallest grains or particles in the riding surface, the greater the risk that this fine proportion will settle down over time and form a water-impermeable horizon. Whether and when the undesirable water-impermeable horizon forms depends on individual boundary conditions such as frequency of use and sand quality. However, if a critical value is exceeded, simple maintenance work, such as mechanical loosening, is no longer sufficient and the worn riding surface must be completely renewed.

The additives introduced into the riding surface, such as shredded fleece or fine fibers, are also subject to wear and tear or become so dirty over time due to the entry of horse manure that superficial cleaning is no longer sufficient and the entire riding surface needs to be renewed.

A worn and/or heavily soiled riding surface is usually replaced by removing and transporting the old surface and installing a new riding surface. Known disposal concepts are based on carrying out a soil analysis with subsequent utilization, for example as embankment material in road construction. If the analysis shows that the riding surface is contaminated by pollutants or is unusable as embankment material due to the entry of horse manure, the only option is usually to store it in a landfill.

Out of DE 196 21 892 A1 discloses a mobile apparatus and method for cleaning play or beach sand, by means of which contaminated sand is washed using water and detergents. In the known device, the sand to be cleaned is first mixed with water to form a suspension and then freed from coarse impurities by means of a single sieve. The suspension, freed from coarse impurities, is divided into two streams with the help of a hydrocyclone system. The one mass flow is the cleaned sand, with the other mass flow around the water with the fine components and the impurities dissolved from the sand. The disadvantage of this method is that the cleaned sand does not have a defined grain size. In addition, the hydrocyclone system is expensive and requires a high drive requirement.

Out of DE 10 2006 062 547 A1 a machine for the treatment of sandy beaches is known. The machine is a mobile vehicle with a crawler chassis. At the front of the vehicle there is a roller-shaped milling machine that picks up the beach sand and conveys it to an endless sieve belt via a vertical conveyor. The contaminated sand is cleaned on the sieve belt. The cleaned sand is then finally transported back onto the beach. The disadvantage of this method is that, in particular, fine contaminants adhering to sand particles cannot be removed from the contaminated sand, or only to an insufficient extent.

Out of DE 20 2017 104 017 U1 a screening plant installed on a low-loader is known. The material to be screened is first filled into a feed bunker and fed to a screening machine by means of a loading conveyor belt. Analogous to the off DE 10 2006 062 547 A1 known plant, even with this plant adhering to sand particles, fine impurities cannot be removed from the contaminated sand, if at all.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described and to propose a device with which a worn substrate, in particular a worn riding surface, can be renewed inexpensively and in a resource-saving manner while maintaining the quality required for subsequent use.

The object of the invention is also to propose a corresponding method for preparing a substrate.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.

• - einen Vorrichtungsträger mit einer Aufgabeeinrichtung zur Aufnahme von zu reinigendem Substrat,
• - wenigstens eine Siebanlage,
• - eine Energiequelle und
• - wenigstens eine Förderanlage zum Transport des Substrats.

The device according to the invention comprises at least the following assemblies:

• - a device carrier with a feed device for receiving substrate to be cleaned,
• - at least one screening plant,
• - a source of energy and
• - At least one conveyor for transporting the substrate.

The device carrier can be a container platform or the loading area of a truck (lorry) or a truck trailer. The device is mobile overall, so that the preparation of the substrate, for example a riding surface, can be carried out in the area of a riding facility and transport trips to a central large-scale technical facility are unnecessary.

The feed device is a basin that serves as a buffer for the substrate to be filled in and processed and ensures that the substrate is evenly transferred to the downstream first conveyor system. By means of the conveyor system, the screening system is subjected to a preferably continuous, even flow of substrate.

The screening plant is preferably a stacked screen with at least two screens, the mesh size of which becomes smaller from top to bottom, thus enabling the material to be screened to be selected into fractions of different sizes. The sieving is preferably carried out wet

A suitable energy source, preferably a generator integrated into the device, is provided for driving the screens and the conveyor technology and any other driven system units. As an alternative to this, the energy source can also be an interface to an external energy connection, for example an external power connection. The device is preferably driven electrically. However, a mechanical or hydrostatic drive of the entire device or individual assemblies is also possible.

To simplify the work processes, the assemblies are coupled to one another using suitable conveyor systems. In particular, a conveyor system, which is preferably a pump, is provided at least between the feed device and the screening system. Alternatively, however, one or more other conveyor systems, for example screw conveyors, can also be considered.

The basin provided as the feed device is filled with a liquid, which is preferably water, and is referred to below as a floating basin. The liquid contained in the floating basin can contain additives, in particular cleaning additives, for the treatment of the substrate to be processed. The substrate that is filled into the floating tank is preferably actively mixed into a suspension by means of an agitator. Optionally, the suspension but can also be produced passively, i.e. without the support of stirring tools.

A stable grid with a mesh size of approx. 25 mm to 50 mm is preferably provided above the floating basin. The grate is preferably made of metal and is so stable that the substrate can be placed on the grate with a tractor front loader or an excavator shovel, for example, and pressed through the sieve with an excavator or front loader shovel. The screen can consist, for example, of rectangular flat bars with a thickness of 4 mm to 8 mm and a width of 15 mm to 40 mm, the rectangular flat bars forming the grate preferably being arranged vertically. This results on the one hand in a relatively large internal mesh size and on the other hand in a high section modulus in the vertical direction. The grate is used to break up large lumps and to select foreign bodies that are larger than the mesh of the grate. These could be stones or fallen horseshoes, for example. Due to the early selection of such foreign bodies in connection with the introduction of the substrate into the floating basin, downstream conveyor systems, in particular pumps, are protected.

A skimmer is provided below the grate in the floating pool, which is used to skim off floating, light components. These components are also selected at the beginning of the substrate cleaning and do not burden the subsequent pumps and screens.

At least one pump is provided for transporting the suspension from the floating basin to the at least one screening plant. In order to increase the performance of the overall system, two, three or more pumps can also be provided.

The screening plant comprises at least two screens. The first sieve has a mesh width that is larger than the mesh width of the second sieve, so that the substrate to be cleaned can be separated from substrate with different particle sizes depending on the selected mesh widths. In order to achieve reproducible screening results and to enable a presetting adapted to the respective needs, the relevant parameters, in particular the oscillation amplitude (amplitude) and the screening time, are preferably adjustable. The flexible setting of parameters such as amplitude and sieving time allows the degree of sieving to be individually optimized for each substrate.

As already mentioned, the screening plant comprises at least two screens, with the upper screen having a larger mesh size than the lower screen. When using two screens, the substrate placed on the screening plant can be separated into three fractions, namely a first fraction whose particles are larger than the mesh size of the upper screen, and a second fraction whose particles are smaller than the mesh size of the upper screen and larger as the meshes of the bottom sieve and a third fraction whose particles are so small that they can pass through both sieves.

The meshes of the upper and lower screens are coordinated in such a way that the particles that are too large for recycling are separated from the upper screen and those particles that are too small from the lower screen.

• - das erste, obere, Sieb der Siebanlage eine Maschenweite in einem Bereich von 0,25 mm bis 1,5 mm auf und
• - das zweite Sieb eine Maschenweite in einem Bereich von 0,04 mm bis 0,6.

In a preferred embodiment

• - The first, upper, screen of the screening plant has a mesh size in a range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm and
• - the second sieve has a mesh size in a range from 0.04 mm to 0.6 mm.

Depending on the selected mesh sizes, treated substrate, for example treated riding surface, with a particle size of 0.04 mm to 1.5 mm can thus be separated from the substrate to be cleaned. Practical experience has shown that the grading curve of the reusable sand should be in a range of 0.04 mm to 1.5 mm, depending on the sand used and the requirements. For example, the upper sieve can have a mesh size of 1 mm and the lower sieve has a mesh size of 0.2 mm. Depending on the application, the screens required to achieve the desired grading curve can be used. Additional screens may be required to specifically generate the necessary sand fractions. These are mesh sizes between the sizes mentioned. Up to 5 screens are conceivable.

The two mesh size ranges of upper screen and lower screen and lower screen preferably overlap because the mesh size of the lower screen is 0.04 mm to 0.6 mm and the mesh size of the upper screen is 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm be able. For functional reasons, the meshes of the upper wire are always larger than the meshes of the lower wire. So if the mesh of the top wire has a width of, for example, 0.5 mm, the mesh of the top wire must be larger than 0.5 mm.

It is particularly advantageous that the substrate fraction separated by the two screens has a particle size that is suitable for recycling for example in a prepared riding surface. Experiments have shown that this is the case when the separated fraction contains particles that have a particle size predefined by the sieve selection in a range between 0.04 mm and 1.5 mm. If the sand used in the riding surface is pure quartz sand, for example, then this is optimally suited if its fine grain size is in a grading curve range of 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm. Accordingly, in an application in which the riding surface to be processed essentially consists of such quartz sand, a mesh size of 0.6 mm should be selected for the upper screen and a mesh size of 0.063 mm for the lower screen.

In order to preselect the optimum screen combination for the respective application or for a selected grading curve, the screens are preferably interchangeable. The analysis of the substrate can either be carried out on site before the system is used with a simple analysis device or by an experienced specialist inspecting the substrate. However, since the renewal or preparation of a substrate is usually planned for the long term, a particularly good pre-selection of the parameters to be set can be made by having a substrate sample examined by an appropriate service provider. Since the examination is not time-critical, the sample can, for example, be sent to a laboratory and evaluated there. The exact particle size of the substrate fraction to be selected can then be determined on the basis of the laboratory report. Once the desired particle size has been determined, the suitable screens and other system parameters can then be determined.

In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises at least one first additional screen, which is arranged between the first screen and the second screen. Since the mesh size of the screens basically becomes smaller from the upper screen to the lower screen, the mesh size of the first additional screen is smaller than the mesh size of the first screen and larger than the mesh size of the second screen. The separation of the recyclable substrate is thus carried out by means of three screening processes. The additional screen means that more screening area is available overall and the screening process can be accelerated. Since both the grains selected by the second screen and the grains selected by the first additional screen have a particle size that is within the size range required for recycling, the two fractions initially separated by screening can be recombined after screening. In addition, the separate sieving enables the mass fractions of the two fractions to be determined. Depending on the values determined in this way, fresh sand in the preferably required grain size and/or fresh additional additives can be added in a targeted manner during the subsequent supplementation of the prepared substrate, which, as already explained, is, for example, a riding surface. If the processed substrate is fermentation residues from a biogas plant, it can either be used directly and used to fertilize agricultural soil. Alternatively, it would also be possible to first add or mix the fermentation residues with additives and only then use them.

In a further preferred embodiment, the screening plant comprises at least one additional additional screen, which is arranged downstream of the second screen, viewed in the direction of flow, and has a mesh size that is smaller than the mesh size of the second screen.

Whether only one additional additional screen or several additional additional screens are provided below the second screen depends on the respective application. In any case, the mesh size of the screens becomes increasingly smaller as seen in the direction of flow, so that fractions with different particle sizes, which become smaller from screen to screen, can be selected by means of the individual screens. A sieve for the selection of small plastic particles can be provided and a sieve underneath for even finer nanoparticles.

Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one, preferably several, most preferably all sieves have a drive, preferably a vibration drive. The screening process is supported by driving one or more screens. The drive can be provided, for example, to transmit a vertical throwing motion to the substrate to be screened and thus enable throw screening. The vertical movement can also be superimposed by slight rotary movements. As a result, the components to be screened can be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the screen bottom.

As already mentioned, the screens are preferably interchangeable in order to be able to use the optimal screen combination for the respective application for different applications, in particular for differently structured riding surfaces. In order to exchange a screen in a simple manner, provision can be made, for example, for one or more screens to have a clamping ring attachment. The selection of the respectively suitable sieve or sieve combination is preferably made after analysis of a substrate sample.

The mobile device preferably includes a pivoting device by means of which the floating pool can be moved, preferably hydraulically, from a transport position into a working position. In particular when the mobile device is installed on a truck or truck trailer, the floating pool can be accommodated in the transport position in a space-saving manner for transport trips to the places of use. Furthermore, the set-up times for setting up and dismantling the mobile system are reduced. The swiveling floating pool is preferably attached in the area of the rear of the vehicle, so that the floating pool, which is swiveled from the transport position into the working position, is arranged immediately behind the vehicle after swiveling out and is easily accessible from three sides.

Furthermore, it can be provided that a shredder is arranged in front of the screening plant. The shredder serves in particular to break up lump-like structures contained in the substrate and thus to facilitate the passage of the substrate particles through the sieves.

As an alternative or in addition, tapping screening can also be provided, in which a horizontal circular movement is superimposed by a vertical movement that is triggered by a tapping impulse.

In a further embodiment, at least one cleaning device can be provided to improve the degree of substrate cleanliness. Depending on the cleaning principle selected, the cleaning device can be arranged in front of or behind the screening plant.

The cleaning device can be a sand washing system, an ultrasonic generator or a heat source, for example an infrared radiation source. Particles and dirt adhering to grains of sand can thus be washed off, optionally with the addition of suitable washing additives. Furthermore, the cleaning system can have a disinfecting and/or sterilizing effect on the substrate to be recycled and thus reduce the risk of infections or fungal infestation.

The object according to the invention is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 12.

• - das Bereitstellen einer mobilen Vorrichtung,
• - die Aufnahme des Substrats und Zuführung des Substrats in das mit einer Flüssigkeit gefülltes Floatingbecken der mobilen Vorrichtung,
• - das Herstellen einer Suspension, umfassend das Substrat und die Flüssigkeit,
• - Das Transportieren, vorzugsweise pumpen, der Suspension zu der wenigstens einen Siebanlage und
• - die Separierung von aufbereitetem Substrat mit einer definierten Partikelgröße von vorzugsweise 0,04 mm bis 0,95 mm, höchst vorzugsweise 0,063 mm bis 0,6 mm.

The procedure for preparing substrates includes:

• - the provision of a mobile device,
• - receiving the substrate and feeding the substrate into the liquid-filled floating basin of the mobile device,
• - preparing a suspension comprising the substrate and the liquid,
• - Transporting, preferably pumping, the suspension to the at least one screening plant and
• - the separation of processed substrate with a defined particle size of preferably 0.04 mm to 0.95 mm, most preferably 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm.

What is particularly advantageous about the method according to the invention is that a considerable part of a worn substrate, generally well over 50% in the case of a riding surface, can be processed and reused on site without costly transport trips. Usual riding arenas have a size of approx. 1,000 m ² (all-round riding arenas, dressage) up to 4,000 m ² (jumping arenas). With a usual thickness of the riding surface of approx. 20 cm, a riding arena contains 200 m ³ to 800 m ³ of riding surface material, which, as already explained above, consists largely of sand. Sand, in particular the pure quartz sand often used to manufacture riding surfaces, is a resource that is becoming scarcer and whose recycling contributes to the environmentally desirable conservation of resources. In addition, on-site processing saves transport and disposal costs.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the substrate is comminuted by means of a comminutor before the separation. The shredder is used to break up lumpy structures and facilitates and accelerates the subsequent separation of the substrate into different fractions.

In a further method step, the substrate can be cleaned by means of a cleaning device. Depending on the application, the substrate can be cleaned before separation in the screening plant itself or after the screening plant. For example, the entry of such particles, in particular plastic nanoparticles, into the environment can be reduced by the targeted selection of the smallest particles by means of a corresponding cleaning sieve.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the physical preparation of the substrate is preceded by an analysis. The analysis can be carried out, for example, by taking a soil sample from the riding arena to be renovated and examining it in a laboratory. As a result, the actual quality of the substrate can be determined. Based on the actual quality, target values can be set with regard to the Exercise determine the fractions to be selected and, if necessary, additionally required comminution and / or cleaning processes. On the basis of these target values, the selection of suitable screens and any necessary cleaning equipment is made. Furthermore, the analysis data can be used for the presetting of the system parameters, such as screen drive, crushing intensity, cleaning intensity, etc.

The system according to the invention and the method are not only suitable for cleaning riding surfaces, but also for cleaning other substrates. For example, when operating biogas plants, substrates are sometimes used that have to be cleaned before they are fed into the biogas plant. This can, for example, be residues from the food industry or packaged food with an expired use-by date. Active oxygen can be added to treat the process water or for disinfection. It is particularly advantageous when using the system according to the invention in the environment of a biogas plant that the thermal energy generated by a biogas plant during energy conversion into electricity can be used to heat the process water and the process water can thus be heated very inexpensively.

Further measures improving the invention are presented in more detail below with the description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures.

• 1 zeigt den Aufbau eines Reitplatzes in Dreischicht-Bauweise;
• 2 zeigt einen LKW mit Auflieger-Anhänger und einer darauf angeordneten Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Substraten in Transportstellung in einer ersten Ansicht;
• 3 zeigt den LKW mit Auflieger-Anhänger aus 2 in einer weiteren Ansicht;
• 4 zeigt den LKW aus den 2 und 3 mit der Aufbereitungs-Vorrichtung in Arbeitsstellung in einer ersten Ansicht;
• 5 zeigt den LKW aus 4 in Arbeitsstellung in einer zweiten Ansicht;
• 6 zeigt eine zwei-Sieb-Siebeinrichtung in einer Seitenansicht;
• 7 zeigt die Zwei-Siebeinrichtung aus 6 in einer Explosionsdarstellung;
• 8 zeigt eine alternative Siebanlage mit vier Sieben in einer Seitenansicht;
• 9 zeigt die Siebanlage aus 8 in einer teiltransparenten Darstellung.

The figures show:

• 1 shows the construction of a three-layer riding arena;
• 2 shows a first view of a truck with a semi-trailer and a device arranged thereon for processing substrates in the transport position;
• 3 shows the truck with semi-trailer 2 in another view;
• 4 shows the truck from the 2 and 3 with the processing device in working position in a first view;
• 5 shows off the truck 4 in working position in a second view;
• 6 shows a two-screen screening device in a side view;
• 7 shows the two-screen device 6 in an exploded view;
• 8th shows an alternative screening plant with four screens in a side view;
• 9 shows the screening plant 8th in a partially transparent representation.

The same or similar elements can be provided with the same or similar reference symbols in the following figures. Furthermore, the figures of the drawing, their description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that these features can also be considered individually or that they can be combined to form further combinations that are not described in detail here. The invention also expressly extends to those embodiments which are not given by combinations of features from explicit back references of the claims, with which the disclosed features of the invention can be combined with one another as desired, insofar as this is technically meaningful. The exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures are therefore only of a descriptive nature and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

The terms used below: "upper", "above", "lower", "left" or "right" refer to the arrangement of the system components in the operating mode shown in the drawing.

In 1 a riding arena 10 is shown in a three-layer construction with a base layer 11, a separating layer 12 and a substrate 13 in the form of a riding surface. The riding surface thus forms the footing of the riding arena 10 . Depending on the equestrian discipline for which the riding arena 10 is intended, the structure of the riding arena 10 can vary. For example, a two-layer construction without a separating layer 12 can also be provided.

The base layer 11 is usually formed from coarse gravel 55 with a grain size of about 40 mm and applied to a substrate 14 . In a three-layer structure, the base layer 11 is limited at the top by the separating layer 12. The separating layer 12 is intended to safely separate the base layer 11 and the riding surface from one another and at the same time serves as a fine adjustment and buffer between the two layers. For example, fabric mats, natural lava or a bitumen emulsion can be considered as separating layer materials.

The riding surface forming the footing usually consists of a mixture, the essential component of which is sand 56 . The sand 56 is made up of individual grains with a grain size of approximately 0.05 to 2 mm. The quality and riding properties of a surface are directly related to the selection of the right sand. Important factors are grain size, shape, hardness, Grain size distribution (grading curve) and chemical composition of the sand.

The grading curve is understood as a transition or cumulative curve, by means of which the grain size distribution of a soil, sediment or sedimentary rock can be represented graphically. It is determined by means of a sieve analysis, ie by sieving a sample using sieves with successively decreasing mesh sizes and each mesh size corresponding to a specific grain size.

In the exemplary embodiment, the riding surface consists of quartz sand with a graded grain size of 0.063 to 0.6 mm. The use of coarser grain leads to lower stability and shear strength of the layer. The finer the grain, the more stable the footing.

Especially when it is dry, quartz sand is relatively loose and not stable for horses. In addition, pure quartz sand has a grinding effect on the horse's hoof, which becomes more negative the deeper the horse's hoof sinks into the riding surface. In order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned, such as the horse's hooves sinking into the riding surface, the riding surface usually includes other additives such as wood chips and/or synthetic material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the synthetic material is small-format shredded fleece pieces 57 that have been produced using the tearing process. In the case of fleece pieces 57 produced using the tearing process, the size of the individual pieces varies accordingly, as a rule, between 0.3 mm and 80 mm. Of course, the use of uniformly cut pieces of non-woven fabric, which can have an area of approx. 25 mm×25 mm, for example, is not excluded. Additionally or alternatively, however, fine fibers or carpet residues can also be used.

The fibrous surface of the fleece particles binds sand and moisture. The finer the grain of sand, the better the homogeneity of the mixture.

Years of use wear off sand particles and the proportion of fine particles in the riding surface increases. The fine particles, which are in the nano range in size, settle down. As a result, undesirable compaction and impermeability to water can occur. Furthermore, through continuous use, organic impurities such as horse manure or leaves are introduced into the riding surface. These processes are commonly referred to as riding surface wear.

If a riding surface is so worn that it no longer meets the desired requirements, it is usually removed and replaced with a new riding surface. The entire riding surface located above the base layer 11 or, if present, above the separating layer 12 is first removed from the riding arena 10 . The worn riding surface is usually transported to a landfill and disposed of there or taken to an industrial processing plant and processed there for other purposes. If processing takes place, this processing refers to the coarse screening of the synthetic material. The partially cleaned riding surface material, which essentially consists of sand, can then be used, for example, in road construction for the production of noise protection walls. The insufficient quality and the high transport costs speak against recycling in a new riding surface.

the 2 until 5 show a mobile device 100 according to the invention for processing a substrate 13. The device 100 is arranged on a semi-trailer 15 of a truck (lorry) 16 in the exemplary embodiment shown. As an alternative to this, the installation of the device 100 in a container could also be considered, which in turn can then be transported by truck to a riding arena 10 . What is important is therefore not how the mobility of the device 100 is implemented, but that the device as a whole can be transported in a simple manner.

Since the device 100 according to the invention is thus fundamentally mobile, the preparation of the riding surface 13 can, for example, take place directly at a riding arena 10, as a result of which the transport costs are minimized.

the 2 and 3 show the semi-trailer 15, which forms the device carrier 53 in the illustrated embodiment. In order to protect the device 100 from the effects of the weather during transport, the semitrailer 15 has a loading space 17 which is surrounded by removable loading space tarpaulins 18 . The device 100 is in the transport state. Any components protruding beyond the loading space 17, such as a floating basin 58 provided as a feed device 21, are in a transport position P1. If necessary, to produce a transport position P1, other components of the device that protrude beyond the loading space 17 can also be folded in, pivoted in, or adjusted or dismantled in some other way.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the device 100 comprises an energy source 54 in the form of a power unit 20, a feed device 21 in the form of a floating basin 58, three screening systems 23 and four conveyor systems 25, 27, 28 and 29 in the form of pumping devices and conveyor belts.

A shredder (not shown) can be provided in the floating basin 58 or downstream of the floating basin 58 . The shredder contains suitable tools in its interior in order to break up lump-like structures contained in the substrate material with them. The dissolving and crumbling of the lumps ensures that the subsequent screening is not hindered by any lumps.

If an additional crusher is provided between the floating basin 58 and the screening system 23, the conveyor system 25 first conveys the suspension 61 to this crusher. After leaving the shredder, the material is further pump pipes that form another conveyor system, to the in the embodiment according to 2 until 5 illustrated three screening plants 23 funded. Such a conveyor system from the shredder to the screening system 23 can also be referred to as a second conveyor system.

In this exemplary embodiment, the screening plants 23 are screening towers in a modular design, each with five screens. Alternatively, screening systems with a different number of screens can also be used, for example screening system 23' with two screens (cf. 6 and 7 ). In any case, however, the selected screening plant comprises at least two screens in order to divide the substrate 13 into three fractions by means of two screens. In the exemplary embodiment, the first screen has 32 (cf. 7 ) a mesh width W1 of 0.6 mm and the second screen 36 (cf. also 7 ) a mesh size of 0.063 mm. Separation into three fractions ensures that both the particles that are too large and those that are too small for recycling can be sorted out. As a result, when using at least two screens, at least one fraction can be selected in a predefined particle size range. Depending on the performance requirements that are placed on the device 100, the device 100 can include one or more screening systems 23 and/or 23'.

the 4 and 5 show the semi-trailer 15 with the device 100 in working position. The loading space tarpaulins 18 have been dismantled. The floating pool 58 has been pivoted by means of a pivoting device 62 from the transport position P1 into a working position P2. The floating basin 58 is filled with a liquid 59, which in the illustrated embodiment is water or water with biodegradable additives. The water is fed to the floating pool 58 via an external water connection or by means of a tank truck. Basically, the cleaning system works in a liquid circulation system and the liquid 59 always remains pumpable. Minor losses only occur due to the entrainment of liquid with the fractions separated by the screening plant, which can be compensated for by refilling the floating tank. The refilling of liquid 59 preferably takes place by means of an automatic filling device provided in the floating basin 58 .

After the solid components have been separated from the remaining liquid in the screening plant 23 from the suspension 61 , this liquid is routed to a return tank 65 . To prepare the sludge fraction remaining after the suspension 61 has passed through the last screen of the filter system 23, a tapering screw, a separation filter or a belt filter can be provided, by means of which the liquid 59 contained in the sludge fraction can be separated from the solid particles. From the return tank 65, the treated liquid is conveyed back into the floating tank 58 either via an overflow or by means of a pump, resulting in a liquid circuit overall.

The substrate 13 is picked up from a riding arena 10 for example with a loading device not shown in the figures, for example a wheel loader with a loading shovel, and poured onto a grate 63 provided on the floating basin 58 . If the riding surface is clumped, it can be pushed through the mesh of the grate 63 with the help of the loading shovel. Here, a rough selection of any larger foreign bodies contained in the riding surface, such as stones or fallen off horseshoes, takes place. The foreign bodies remaining on the grate 63 can be removed from the grate 63 manually or by means of the loading shovel and disposed of.

The floating basin also serves as a buffer store for the loaded substrate 13. The substrate 13 forms a pumpable suspension 61 together with the liquid 59 contained in the floating basin 58. A stirrer can be provided in the floating basin 58 to promote the mixing of liquid 59 and substrate 13.

A skimmer system can be provided to separate the material floating in the floating pool (not shown in the exemplary embodiment). For example, the liquid 59 contained in the floating pool can be set in motion by means of a circulating pump, so that the parts floating on the surface can be fed to the skimmer system and fished off by it.

One or more pumps 60, together with a pump pipe system, form a first conveyor system 25, which supplies the suspension 61 to the screening systems 23 in a flow that is as uniform as possible. In the 2 until 5 the pump pipes, through which the suspension 61 is conveyed from the floating basin 58 to the screening systems 23, are not shown to make the other assemblies easier to see. Each screening plant 23 is preferably assigned a pump 60 . The device 100 with three screening systems 23 provided in the exemplary embodiment shown thus has three pumps 60 . As an alternative to each screening system 23 being assigned a pump 60, provision can also be made for the suspension 61 to be conveyed to a distributor (not shown) by means of a central pump. The distributor then distributes the suspension with the comminuted substrate material to the three screening systems 23 in the form of three conveying streams that are as uniform as possible.

A cleaning device in the form of a high-performance ultrasonic generator can be attached to one or more conveyor systems. The high frequencies of an ultrasonic device cause water vibrations that act like tiny brushes. In addition, the ultrasound creates microscopic bubbles on hard surfaces, which collapse again immediately after they form. This removes the dirt from the surface without damaging it.

The sieving is wet sieving, in which the substrate is placed on the top sieve as a suspension. An additional water spray nozzle can be provided above the top screen, which supports the screening process in addition to the screen movement. The components required for the washing system, such as pumps, tanks, filters, etc., are also integrated into the mobile device 100 . When using a semi-trailer in accordance with the 2 until 5 In the exemplary embodiments illustrated, there is, for example, a sufficiently large free space 64 in the front area of the loading space 17, which space can be used for additional units of the device 100. However, the free space 64 can also be used to transport auxiliary tools that are carried along, which are required, for example, for filling the floating pool 58 or for processing the riding arena. The auxiliary tools can therefore also be mobile machines such as a grader or a small wheel loader.

The structure and operation of the screening plant 23 is described below in connection with the 6 until 9 explained.

As a result, the screening systems 23 separate the substrate 13 into five fractions, of which the second fraction 37 and the fourth fraction 45 have a particle size of 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm and are therefore suitable for reuse in the riding surface to be newly applied to the riding arena 10.

The uppermost sieve 32 of the sieve system 23 with the mesh size W1 of 0.6 mm selects all particles that cannot pass through the sieve mesh. These particles are essentially the fleece pieces 57 contained in the riding surface with a size of more than 0.6 mm. The first fraction 33 selected by the upper screen passes through an outlet 34 to a third conveyor system 27 and from there into a collection bag 51.

The second fraction 37 and the fourth fraction 45 are fed via two outlet openings to a fourth conveyor system 28 and from there to a fifth conveyor system 29, which deposits or piles up the prepared substrate 24 laterally next to the semi-trailer 15. This prepared substrate 24 forms the basic component of the new riding surface to be applied to the riding arena 10 .

The lowest sieve 48 has a mesh width W4 of less than 0.063 mm and separates the third fraction 41 from the fifth fraction 49. The particles of the third fraction 41 are already smaller than 0.063 mm and are therefore too small for the size range predefined for this application for recycling from 0.063mm to 0.6mm. Depending on the mesh size of the fourth sieve, the particles of the fifth fraction 49 are even smaller than those of the third fraction 41 and can be referred to as nanoparticles. Separating fractions 41 and 49 enables the disposal concept to be optimized by allowing the very small nanoparticles to be disposed of separately from fraction 41.

the 6 and 7 show the structure and the mode of operation of a screening plant 23' with two screens. The screening plant 23 'is like that in the 2 until 5 shown screening plant 23 can be used in the device 100 according to the invention. The screening plant 23' has a modular structure and comprises a first module 31, a second module 35 and a third module 39. Between the first module 31 and the second module 35 is the first screen 32 with a mesh size W1 of 0.6 mm. Between the second module 35 and the third module 39 is the second screen 36 with a mesh size W2 of 0.063 mm. The modules 31, 35 and 39 are held together by clamping rings 30. A first fraction 33 with particles larger than 0.6 mm is separated through a first outlet 34 . Through the second outlet 38, the second fraction 37, which is the in the case of a riding surface, a reusable portion of a substrate 13 with a particle size of 0.63 mm to 0.6 mm is selected. A third fraction, which is formed by all the fine and nanoparticles contained in the substrate 13 with a maximum size of 0.063 mm, is separated through the third outlet 42 contained in the third module 39 .

The modules 31, 35 and 39 are fixed by clamping rings 30. In the unstressed state of the clamping rings 30, the outlet openings can be aligned as desired. When constructing the system, they can thus be adjusted in a simple manner in such a way that the separated fractions 33, 37 and 41 are fed to the respective conveyor systems provided.

A screen drive 50 is arranged below the second screen 36, which transmits a vibration movement to the screens 33 and 36 and thus accelerates the screening.

the 7 and 8th show one of the in the 2 until 5 contained screening plants 23 in detail. The structure of the screening plant 23 is based on the same basic modular principle as the structure of the screening plant 23'. In contrast to the screening plant 23', however, the screening plant has two additional modules and thus two additional screens. The first additional module, namely the additional module 43, is located between the modules 31 and 35 and includes a first additional screen 44 with a mesh size W3 of 0.25 mm. A fourth fraction 45 with a particle size of 0.25 mm to 0.6 mm is thus separated via the additional screen 44 . Both this fraction 45 and the fraction 37 separated by the next following sieve 36 have a particle size suitable for reuse in the size range of 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm predefined for this exemplary embodiment. Since with an optimized riding surface it is not only the particle size that matters, but also the particle size distribution (grading curve), the device 100 can have means for determining the mass, for example a suitable weighing device, so that when the riding surface is later renewed by adding Sand with the preferably required grain size can optimize the grading curve.

A second additional module 47 with a further additional screen 48 is arranged below the second screen 36 and thus below the third module 39 . The additional screen 48 has a mesh size W4 of 0.03 mm and separates a fraction 49 with the smallest nanoparticles. The sieves 36 and 48 thus separate all particles that are smaller than 0.063 mm and are therefore unsuitable for reuse in a renewed riding surface.

Reference List

10

riding arena

11

base course

12

release layer

13

substrate

14

underground

15

semitrailer trailer

16

lorry (truck)

17

hold

18

Cargo area tarpaulin

19

-

20

generator

21

feeder

22

-

23

screening plant (with four screens)

23'

screening plant (with two screens)

24

prepared substrate

25

first conveyor system (from 58 to 23)

26

-

27

third conveyor system (to 51)

28

fourth conveyor system (to 29)

29

fifth conveyor system (to 24)

30

clamping ring

31

first module

32

first sieve

33

first faction

34

first outlet

35

second module

36

second sieve

37

second faction

38

second outlet

39

third module

40

-

41

third faction

42

third outlet

43

first additional module

44

first additional sieve

45

fourth faction

46

-

47

second additional module

48

another additional sieve

49

fifth faction

50

screen drive

51

collection bag

52

-

53

fixture carrier

54

energy source

55

gravel

56

sand

57

fleece piece

58

floating pool

59

liquid

60

pump

61

suspension

62

Swivel device (for 58)

63

Rust (up to 58)

64

free space

65

return basin

100

contraption

P1

transport position

p2

working position

R

flow direction

w1

Width (of 32)

W2

Width (of 36)

W3

Width (of 44)

W4

Width (of 48)

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 19621892 A1 [0010]
• DE 102006062547 A1 [0011, 0012]
• DE 202017104017 U1 [0012]

Claims (15)

Mobile device (100) for processing a substrate (13), preferably a riding surface, comprising a device carrier (53) with a feed device (21) for receiving the substrate (13) to be cleaned, at least one screening system (23; 23'), a Energy source (54) and at least one conveyor system (25, 27, 28, 29) for transporting the substrate (13), characterized in that - for receiving the substrate (13) to be cleaned, a floating basin (58 ) is provided so that a suspension (61) of liquid (59) and substrate (13) can be produced within the floating basin (58), - at least one pump (60) for transporting the suspension (61) from the floating basin (58). the at least one screening system (23, 23') is provided, - the screening system (23; 23') has at least two screens (32, 36), wherein: - the first screen (32) has a mesh width (W1) which is larger is as a mesh size (W2) of the second screen (36), so that from the to be cleaned substrate (13) depending on the selected mesh sizes (W1, W2) prepared substrate (24) with different particle sizes is separable. Mobile device (100) according to claim 1 , characterized in that - the first screen (32) of the screening plant (23, 23') has a mesh size (W1) in a range from 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm and - the second screen (36) has a mesh size ( W2) in a range from 0.04 mm to 0.6, so that from the substrate (13) to be cleaned, depending on the selected mesh sizes (W1, W2), prepared substrate (24) with a particle size of 0.04 mm can be separated up to 1.5 mm. Mobile device (100) according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first sieve (32) has a mesh width (W1) of 0.6 mm and the second sieve (36) has a mesh width (W2) of 0.063 mm, so that the substrate to be cleaned (13) is processed substrate (24) can be separated with a particle size of 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm. Mobile device (100) according to claim 1 until 3 , characterized in that the screening plant (23, 23') is provided between the first screen (32) and the second screen (36) an additional screen (44) whose mesh size (W3) is smaller than the mesh size (W1) of the first screen (32) and is larger than the mesh size (W2) of the second screen (36), so that the substrate (13) to be processed is separated by means of two screening processes. Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the screening plant (23, 23') comprises at least one additional additional screen (48) which, seen in the direction of flow (R), is arranged after the second screen (36) and has a mesh size (W4) which is smaller is than the mesh size (W2). Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 5 characterized in that at least one, preferably several, most preferably all screens (32, 36, 44, 48) has a screen drive (50), preferably a vibration drive. Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that at least one screen (32, 36, 44, 48) is interchangeable. Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 7 characterized in that the device (100) comprises a pivoting device (62) by means of which the floating basin (58) can be moved from a transport position (P1) into a working position (P2). Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that a shredder is arranged in front of the screening plant (23, 23'). Mobile device (100) according to any one of Claims 1 until 9 characterized in that the device (100) has at least one cleaning device for improving the degree of purity of the riding sand. Mobile device (100) according to claim 10 , characterized in that the cleaning device is a sand washing system, an ultrasonic generator or a heat source, for example an infrared radiation source. A method for treating substrates, preferably riding surfaces (13), comprising: - providing a mobile device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 11 , - receiving the substrate (13) and feeding the substrate (13) into the floating tank (58) filled with a liquid (59) of the mobile device (100), - preparing a suspension (61) comprising the substrate (13) and the liquid (59) - transport, preferably pump, the suspension (61) to the at least one screening plant (23, 23'), - separation of prepared substrate (24) with a defined particle size of preferably 0.04 mm to 0.95 mm, most preferably 0.063 mm to 0.6 mm. Process for the preparation of substrates claim 12 , characterized in that the substrate (13) is crushed before the separation by means of a crusher. Process for the preparation of substrates claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that the substrate (13) is cleaned by means of a cleaning device. Process for the preparation of substrates according to one of Claims 12 until 14 , characterized in that before the preparation of a substrate (13) an analysis of a substrate sample is carried out and on the basis of the analysis result a pre-selection of the screens (32, 36, 44, 48) to be used and/or a pre-definition of the system parameters such as Sieve drive, crushing intensity, type of cleaning done.

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