DE102020002272A1 - Hybrid building - Google Patents

Abstract

Hybrid building (1) according to Figure 1 comprising a sandwich panel ceiling (O; 7), a window side (R; 6) made of a vertical sandwich panel wall (6) with a recess (10.1) for a window (10), two vertical sandwich panels -Side walls (S; 6), a horizontal base plate (5) made of reinforced concrete, which is connected to the metal supports (2) with suspensions (5.2), an entrance side (O; 6) made of a sandwich panel wall (6) with a Recess (5.1) for an entrance door and a supporting framework, comprising four vertical concrete columns (4) each with a metal core and at the ends (i) each with a lower perforated cube (4.1) made of metal, each with a receiving hole (4.1.1) in each of the four vertical walls and a receiving hole (4.1.3) in the lower horizontal wall and (ii) each with an upper perforated cube (4.2) made of metal, each with a receiving hole (4.2.1) in each of the four vertical walls and a receiving hole (4.2.2) in the upper horizontal wall and four arranged in a rectangle, connected to the lower cuboid holes (4.1), free of mechanical stress peaks and four metal supports (3) arranged in a rectangle, connected to the upper cuboid holes (4.2) and free from mechanical stress peaks; as well as its use.

Description

The present invention relates to hybrid buildings that are ready for occupancy or can be set up immediately on site.

In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the hybrid building for the production of all types of buildings

State of the art

From the American patent application US 2001/0047628 A1 For example, transportable modular units made of steel and a method for assembling these units into structures on site are known in order to create buildings with living and working spaces that are non-flammable and resistant to unhealthy contamination as well as strong winds and other environmental conditions. Each module unit is essentially completely prefabricated and finished in order to enable immediate occupancy and predetermined use.

From the translation DE 603 14 454 T2 of the European patent specification 1 579 087 B1 a modular assembly with a skeleton shell is known, which is oriented so that it defines the walls of a room or rooms. The structural units form the interconnected rooms of a building when they are stacked in a vertical and horizontal row. It is essential that for the precise localization of a module or a part thereof vertically above another module, each module is provided with a downwardly extending installation flange on the circumference of its base. In addition, each module is also provided with an outer roof covering of load-bearing formwork, which is lined with an edge of cold-formed lightweight steel up to but not quite the outer periphery of the top of the module. The edge has a first portion that overlaps over the top of the side and end walls of the module and a second portion that overlaps over the outer edge of the formwork so that a surrounding set-up recess is formed between the first and second portions of the edges into which the installation flange of a vertically adjacent module can be precisely inserted.

From the German utility model DE 20 2017 107 660 U1 a building module with a cuboid housing which forms a floor, a ceiling, two side walls and two end walls is known, a door and a window being arranged in the housing. The housing consists of a monolithic tubular body made of a concrete material. The four pipe walls form the floor, the ceiling and the side walls. The door and the window are arranged in the end walls. The concrete active ingredient contains pores as well as porous mineral material such as expanded clay or pumice stone distributed in the concrete active ingredient.

From the international patent application WO 2009/061702 A1 a modular building construction system is known which comprises a plurality of modular building construction units having a predetermined length, width and height which essentially correspond to those of standard shipping containers. The modular building construction units are configured in such a way that they can be placed on a foundation at specific distances from one another. They have exterior surfaces, some of which serve as molds for poured concrete. The building construction system also includes reinforcement between and above the modular building construction units. The concrete that is poured over the reinforcement means forms some exterior surfaces of the modular building construction units, with the concrete and reinforcement forming a monolithic reinforced support structure for the modular building construction system.

From the American patent application US 2012/2255710 a building system for housing electronic devices is known. The building system includes a building stack that includes a modular instrumentation assembly with an internal room configuration configured to house electronic devices, power distribution equipment, power filtering equipment, an uninterruptible power supply, a modular cooling unit that includes an air conditioner, and a water cooling unit.

From the American patents US 9,068,340 B2 and US 9,593,478 B2 methods and devices are known which facilitate the construction of a building using prefabricated structural units. The building units each include a horizontal upper outer surface and a plurality of vertical wall surfaces, with at least some of the prefabricated building units having at least one hollow column formwork structure. The prefabricated structural units are lowered onto an existing base on a construction site. A first floor of the building is created by placing several prefabricated building units side by side on the base. Structural stock material is applied to fill the column formwork structures and create structural columns that are connected to the structural deck. Structural stock material is applied to the horizontal top exterior surfaces of the adjacent prefabricated building units to create a single structural deck over the prefabricated building units.

From the American patent US 9,366,020 B2 a modular unit connection system is known for joining a plurality of box-shaped modular units to form a single-story or multi-story housing. The modular building units have elongated hollow structural frame members at their vertical corners and four substantially perpendicular vertical side walls extending between the vertical corner members. The vertical corner elements lie within the planes formed by the side walls of the modular units. Their vertical corner elements and their adjoining side walls are in contact with no significant distance between them. The modular units can be connected at their vertical corner elements with flat connecting plates. Threaded tie rods may extend through the hollow vertical corner members and may be coupled to tie rods that extend through the hollow vertical corner members of vertically oriented modular units.

From the European patent application EP 3 034 707 A1 a modular building system is known that comprises the horizontal or vertical coupling or superposition of prefabricated components made of reinforced concrete in order to create living spaces.

However, the previously known building modules and the buildings made from them leave behind in terms of flexibility and variability of their application, their weight, which is a strongly limiting factor, the safe statics, fire protection, soundproofing, ease of maintenance, the possibility of adding air conditioning and the complete equipment from the factory left a lot to be desired.

Object of the present invention

The present invention was therefore based on the object of providing hybrid buildings that can be easily manufactured in series, are particularly light compared to the prior art and yet can be safely stacked up to several floors without additional load-bearing structures, soundproofing at the highest level between the individual hybrid building sub-units and the floors, have a fire resistance class of the highest standard, are particularly easy to maintain, allow easy addition of air conditioning and are fully equipped with cabling, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpeting and fully equipped bathrooms ex works Place can be set up directly.

Solution according to the invention

Accordingly, the hybrid building was found according to independent claim 1, which is referred to below as “hybrid building according to the invention”. Advantageous embodiments of the hybrid building according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims 2 to 25.

In addition, the use of the hybrid building according to the invention was found in accordance with claim 26 which is hereinafter referred to as “use according to the invention”. Advantageous uses according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims 27 and 28.

Advantages of the invention

With regard to the prior art, it was surprising and not foreseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object on which the present invention was based could be achieved with the aid of the hybrid building according to the invention and its use according to the invention.

In particular, it was surprising that the hybrid buildings according to the invention could easily be produced in series, particularly easily compared to modules of the prior art and yet safely built up to several floors without additional load-bearing structures, soundproofing at the highest level between the individual hybrid buildings -Subunits and the floors and a fire resistance class of the highest standard, were particularly easy to maintain, simple equipment with air conditioning, elevators and other building services facilities and fully equipped with cabling, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpets and fully equipped bathrooms ex works or could be set up directly on site.

Further advantages emerge from the description below.

Detailed description of the invention

• - mindestens eine horizontale Sandwichpaneel-Decke einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90,
• - mindestens eine Rückseite oder Fensterseite aus mindestens einer vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90 mit mindestens einer Aussparung für mindestens ein Fenster,
• - mindestens zwei vertikale Sandwichpaneel-Seitenwände einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90,
• - mindestens eine horizontale Bodenplatte aus bewehrtem Beton, insbesondere mit Stahl bewehrtem StB-Beton, die mit Aufhängungen, die vorzugsweise aus Metall bestehen, mit den nachstehend beschriebenen unteren Metallträgern verbunden ist,
• - mindestens eine Vorderseite oder Eingangsseite aus mindestens einer vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30 vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90 mit mindestens einer Aussparung für mindestens eine Eingangstür und
• - mindestens einem tragenden Grundgerüst, das den gedachten Kanten mindestens eines rechteckigen Quaders folgt.

The hybrid building according to the invention is constructed at least from steel parts, reinforced concrete parts, lightweight concrete parts and flame-retardant, sound and heat-insulating sandwich panels and comprises at least

• - at least one horizontal sandwich panel ceiling of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90,
• - At least one rear or window side from at least one vertical Sandwich panel wall of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90 with at least one recess for at least one window,
• - at least two vertical sandwich panel side walls of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90,
• - at least one horizontal floor slab made of reinforced concrete, in particular reinforced concrete with steel-reinforced concrete, which is connected to the lower metal girders described below by suspensions, which are preferably made of metal,
• - At least one front or entrance side made of at least one vertical sandwich panel wall of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90 with at least one recess for at least one entrance door and
• - At least one supporting framework that follows the imaginary edges of at least one rectangular parallelepiped.

• - mindestens vier vertikale Betonsäulen mit jeweils mindestens einem Metallkern und an den Enden (i) mit jeweils einem unteren Lochquader aus Metall mit jeweils mindestens einem Aufnahmeloch in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der unteren horizontalen Wand und (ii) mit jeweils einem oberen Lochquader aus Metall mit jeweils mindestens einem Aufnahmeloch in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand sowie
• - mindestens vier in mindestens einem Rechteck oder Quadrat angeordneten, mit den unteren Lochquadern verbundenen, von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freien, mehrteiligen, unteren horizontalen Metallträgern und
• - mindestens vier in mindestens einem deckungsgleichen Rechteck oder Quadrat angeordneten, mit den oberen Lochquadern verbundenen, von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freien, mehrteiligen, oberen horizontalen Metallträgern.

The at least one supporting framework comprises at least

• - at least four vertical concrete columns each with at least one metal core and at the ends (i) each with a lower metal cube with at least one receiving hole in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the lower horizontal wall and (ii) with one each top perforated metal cube with at least one receiving hole in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the upper horizontal wall as well
• - at least four, arranged in at least one rectangle or square, connected to the lower cuboid holes, free of mechanical stress peaks, multi-part, lower horizontal metal supports and
• - at least four, arranged in at least one congruent rectangle or square, connected to the upper perforated cuboids, free of mechanical stress peaks, multi-part, upper horizontal metal supports.

In the hybrid buildings according to the invention, the sandwich panel side walls and the associated upper and lower metal girders are clad with a side wall cladding of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90. In addition, apart from the recesses for the doors and the associated upper and lower metal supports, the front or entry sides are clad with interior wall cladding of a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90. Furthermore, apart from the recesses for the windows and the associated upper and lower metal supports, the rear or window sides are covered with flame-retardant, decorative and weather-resistant external facades of a fire resistance class of at least 60, in particular at least 90.

The upper and lower metal supports preferably have a U-profile.

Preferably, the upper and lower metal supports each consist of a middle part and two shorter side parts, the connections between the middle part and the side parts being at the points where the mechanical stress peaks would occur in a one-piece metal support.

Corridor plate supports made of metal, which are used to support corridor plates, are preferably attached to the lower cuboid holes of the front or entrance side. Elastic parts for cushioning steps can be arranged between the corridor slab supports and the corridor slabs. In the area of the recesses for the entrance doors, the corridor slabs are flush with the horizontal floor slabs made of reinforced concrete. The abutting surfaces can be provided with a cushioning, flexible covering.

The metal for the load-bearing basic structure is preferably selected from the group consisting of steel, chrome steel, molybdenum steel, V2 A steel and V4 A steel.

In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid buildings according to the invention are already equipped at the factory or on site with a sanitary area separated from the rest of the room by vertical sandwich panel walls. The sanitary area preferably includes at least one wash basin, a shower cubicle, at least one toilet with a water tank and a supply and ventilation shaft with supply lines, in particular for electricity, fiber optic lines, telephone lines, drinking water and waste water.

In a further preferred embodiment, the horizontal base plate is covered with a covering that dampens the footfall sound. An example of such a covering is a carpet.

It is a particular advantage of the hybrid buildings according to the invention that they can be joined together horizontally and / or vertically by means of customary and known connecting devices which are inserted into the receiving holes of the perforated cuboid. Such connecting devices are used, for example, for the safe joining of shipping containers.

The other essential components of the hybrid building according to the invention are at least one type and in particular at least two types of sandwich panels.

In general, the sandwich panels comprise at least one first and at least one second cover layer, between which at least one mineral fiber layer is arranged, which is composed of at least one type of mineral fiber.

The sandwich panels preferably have an impact sound insulation RW of 33 dB to 37 dB. Depending on where they are used, sandwich panels of fire resistance classes are made F30 (fire retardant), F 60 (highly fire retardant), F90 (fire retardant) and F120 (highly fire retardant) are used. Their weight is preferably 15 kg / m ² to 40 kg / m ² , more preferably 20 kg / m ² to 35 kg / m ² and in particular 20 kg / m ² to 30 kg per m ² . Their heat transfer coefficient U is preferably 0.6 W / m ² K to 0.5 W / m ² K, preferably 0.7 W / m ² K to 0.45 W / m ² K and in particular 0.8 W / m ² K to 0.42 W / m ² K.

The mineral fibers in the mineral fiber layer can be web-oriented and have a specific weight of preferably 100 kg / m ³ to 200 kg / m ³ , preferably 110 kg / m ³ to 180 kg / m ³ and in particular 120 kg / m ³ to 180 kg / m ³ have.

The at least one mineral fiber layer is preferably traversed by channels which run parallel to the cover layers. Alternatively or additionally, the mineral fiber layer is traversed by channels that run vertically to the outer layers. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer comprises depressions and / or depressions.

In a further embodiment, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be traversed by channels which run orthogonally to the parallel channels listed above.

Preferably, the at least one mineral fiber layer made of mineral fibers selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum silicate zirconium wool, high temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers , Yttrium oxide ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, and silicon boride nitride carbide fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, quartz fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, single crystal fibers (whiskers), polycrystalline fibers, slag fibers and nanotube fibers as well as their mixtures.

The mineral fibers are preferably in the form of wool, papers, fleeces, dry felts, wet felts, plates, filling materials and molding compounds.

In a preferred embodiment, the mineral fibers in the at least one mineral fiber layer can be connected with at least one high-temperature-resistant binder. Alternatively or in addition, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to the inside of at least one cover layer with at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binding agent or adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to at least one further mineral fiber layer with at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binding agent or adhesive.

The high-temperature-resistant binders are thermally stable at temperatures> 300 ° C., preferably> 500 ° C. and in particular> 800 ° C. and do not decompose and also do not emit any toxic gases. Examples of suitable high-temperature-resistant binders are lime, gypsum, clays, water glasses, cements and silicones filled with inorganic fillers such as cristobalite.

As a molding compound, the at least one mineral fiber layer is preferably in the form of egg cartons, corrugated cardboard and folded papers. These can in turn be used in combination with papers, fleeces, plates and / or felts made of mineral fibers.

The thickness of the at least one mineral fiber layer depends primarily on the clear width between the outer layers. The mineral fiber layer is preferably designed in such a way that it completely fills the clear width at least in places.

The at least one mineral fiber layer is preferably made by mixing isolated mineral fibers and / or filler materials with at least one, in particular one, dispersion, in particular an aqueous dispersion, at least one precursor of at least one, in particular one, of the abovementioned binders or adhesives, shaping the resulting mixtures and Hardening the molded mixture produced.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one mineral fiber layer is produced by impregnating papers, nonwovens, plates and / or felts made of mineral fibers with at least one, in particular one, of the aforementioned dispersion and shapes of the resulting impregnated papers, nonwovens, plates and / or felts .

Preferably, the molding is carried out using the vacuum molding process or the compression molding process. In particular, molding compounds with a particularly large area can be produced with the aid of the compression molding process.

The curing of the molding compounds or the preliminary stage of the binder can be carried out at room temperature in the air or in convection ovens and drying tunnels with hot air, open flames and / or with IR radiation.

The sandwich panels according to the invention can have a 3-cornered, 4-cornered, 5-cornered, 6-cornered, 7-cornered, 8-cornered, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped outline or a 3-cornered, 4-cornered, 5-cornered, 6 -angular, 7-cornered, 8-cornered, star-shaped, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped outline with at least one rounded corner and / or with at least one concave and / or convex edge or a circular, elliptical, oval or kidney-shaped outline. The sandwich panels according to the invention preferably have a four-cornered and in particular a rectangular or square outline.

Depending on the intended use, the sandwich panels can have an area of 10 cm ² to 100 m ² . The 4-cornered, in particular rectangular or square sandwich panels preferably have an area which corresponds to the area of a cabin wall or room wall. At least one of the at least two cover surfaces can be covered with at least one, in particular one, full-surface or partial-surface decorative and / or functional coating, such as foils, woods, glass, lacquers, textiles and / or light-emitting plastic sheets. In this regard, there are practically no limits to sandwich panels as long as the fire resistance does not suffer.

The panel systems from Wenker GmbH & Co. KG, Ahaus, Germany, are particularly preferred.

The external dimensions of the hybrid buildings according to the invention can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The respective hybrid buildings according to the invention or their subunits preferably have a side length of 2 m to 25 m, preferably 2.5 to 20 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 20 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 15 m and in particular 4 m on the outside up to 10 m. The front sides or entrance sides and the rear sides or window sides preferably have a length of 2 m to 15 m, preferably 2.5 m to 12 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 10 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 8 m and on the outside in particular 3.5 m to 6 m. They preferably have a height of 2.2 m to 4 m, preferably 2.3 to 3.5 m and in particular 2.3 to 3 m on the outside.

Likewise, the inside of the floor area can vary widely and be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The inner floor area is preferably 10 m ² to 200 m ² , more preferably 12 m ² to 100 m ² , particularly preferably 14 m ² to 50 m ² and in particular 15 m ² to 30 m ² .

A hybrid building according to the invention that is particularly advantageous because it can be used in a variety of ways has an outside width of 3.5 m, an outside length of 6 m, an outside height of 2.8 m and an inside floor area of 20 m ² .

According to the invention, the hybrid buildings are used to erect aboveground and underground buildings.

The hybrid buildings can be hotels, motels, residential buildings, old people's homes, schools, lecture rooms, computer rooms, office buildings, restaurants, kitchens, shops of all kinds, prisons, warehouses, hospitals and clinics with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units, doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, operating theaters , Diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms and rooms for medical and other waste, buildings for protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields as well as buildings for research and development with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms.

This list is intended to clarify the large number of possible uses according to the invention and does not limit the use according to the invention.

It is a particular advantage of the use according to the invention that the hybrid buildings according to the invention with elevators, escalators, cellars, underground garages, stairwells, locks, security doors, air conditioning systems, rooms and structures for building technology, vestibules, entrance halls, concierge boxes, sprinkler systems, transmission systems, fitness rooms, saunas and swimming pools can be equipped.

In the following, the hybrid buildings according to the invention are based on the 1 until 5 explained in more detail. the 1 until 5 schematically show the construction principle of the hybrid building according to the invention, which can advantageously be varied and expanded without departing from the scope of the invention. Because the construction principle and the functions of the components are explained schematically, the 1 until 5 not to scale and also do not limit the invention.

• 1 die Draufsicht auf das Grundgerüst eines erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1 von dessen Vorderseite V oder Rückseite R her gesehen;
• 2 die Draufsicht auf die mit dem Sandwichpaneel 6 verschlossene Seitenwand S des erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1;
• 3 die Draufsicht auf die Oberseite O des erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1 mit der Decke aus einem Sandwichpaneel 7;
• 4 die Draufsicht auf den Grundriss zweier seitlich aneinandergrenzender erfindungsgemäßer Hybridgebäude 1 und
• 5 die Draufsicht auf den Querschnitt eines zweistöckigen Gebäudes aus vier miteinander verbundenen erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäuden 1 mit den Angaben der Brandschutzklassen und der Trittschalldämpfung.

Show it

• 1 the top view of the basic structure of a hybrid building according to the invention 1 from its front V or back R. seen here;
• 2 the top view of the one with the sandwich panel 6th closed side wall S. of the hybrid building according to the invention 1 ;
• 3 the top view of the top O of the hybrid building according to the invention 1 with the ceiling made of a sandwich panel 7th ;
• 4th the top view of the floor plan of two laterally adjoining hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 and
• 5 the plan view of the cross section of a two-story building made of four hybrid buildings according to the invention connected to one another 1 with the details of the fire protection classes and the impact sound absorption.

F30

Feuerwiderstandsklasse „feuerhemmend“

F90

Feuerwiderstandsklasse „feuerbeständig“

O

Ansicht von oben, Sandwichpaneel-Decke

R

Ansicht von der offenen Rückseite (Fensterseite)

S

Seitenansicht, Sandwichpaneel-Seitenwand

TS

Trittschalldämmung RW

V

Ansicht von der offenen Vorderseite (Eingangsseite)

1

Hybridgebäude

2

Von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freier, mehrteiliger, unterer horizontaler Metallträger

2.1

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung im Metallträger 2

2.2

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung eines Endes des Metallträgers 2 mit dem unteren Lochquader 4.1.1

3

Von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freier, mehrteiliger, oberer horizontaler Metallträger

3.1

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung im Metallträger 3

3.2

plattenförmige Flanschverbindung eines Endes des Metallträgers 3 mit dem oberen Lochquader 4.2.1

4

Viereckige Betonsäule mit Metallkern

4.1

Unterer Lochquader mit jeweils einem Aufnahmeloch 4.1.1 in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der unteren horizontalen Wand (verdeckt)

4.1.1

Aufnahmeloch in einer vertikalen Wand von 4.1

4.1.2

Korridorplattenauflage

4.1.3

Trittdämpfung

4.2

Oberer Lochquader mit jeweils einem Aufnahmeloch 4.1.2 in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand

4.2.1

Aufnahmeloch in einer vertikalen Wand von 4.2

4.2.2

Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand von 4.2

5

Horizontale Bodenplatte aus bewehrtem Beton (StB-Beton)

5.1

Aussparung für die Eingangstür in das Hybridgebäude 1

5.2

Aufhängung für die Bodenplatte 5

6

Vertikale Sandwichpaneel-Wand

6.1

Untere Auflagefläche der vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand 6 auf der horizontalen Bodenplatte 5

6.2

Auflagefläche der horizontalen Sandwichpaneel-Decke 7 auf dem oberen Ende der vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand 6

7

Horizontale Sandwichpaneel-Decke

8

Seitenwandverkleidung

9

Korridorbodenplatte, Korridor

9.1

Stoßfläche Korridorbodenplatte 9/horizontale Bodenplatte 5

10

Fenster

10.1

Aussparung für das Fenster 10

11

Außenfassade, Innenwandverkleidungen

12

Sanitärbereich

13

Versorgungs- und Belüftungsschacht

13.1

Versorgungsleitungen

14

Toilette

14.1

Wasserkasten

15

Waschbecken

16

Duschkabine

16.1

Falttür (Duschkabine 16)

17

Falttür (Sanitärbereich 12)

18

Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Stockwerken

19

Unterlegplatte

In the 1 until 5 the reference symbols have the following meaning:

F30

Fire resistance class "fire retardant"

F90

Fire resistance class "fire-resistant"

O

Top view, sandwich panel ceiling

R.

View from the open rear (window side)

S.

Side view, sandwich panel side wall

TS

Impact sound insulation RW

V

View from the open front (entrance side)

1

Hybrid building

2

Multi-part, lower horizontal metal support, free of mechanical stress peaks

2.1

Plate-shaped flange connection in the metal support 2

2.2

Plate-shaped flange connection of one end of the metal support 2 with the lower perforated cuboid 4.1.1

3

Multi-part, upper horizontal metal support free of mechanical stress peaks

3.1

Plate-shaped flange connection in the metal support 3

3.2

plate-shaped flange connection of one end of the metal support 3 with the upper hole block 4.2.1

4th

Square concrete column with a metal core

4.1

Lower perforated cuboid with one receiving hole 4.1.1 in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the lower horizontal wall (covered)

4.1.1

Receiving hole in a vertical wall of 4.1

4.1.2

Corridor slab pad

4.1.3

Cushioning

4.2

Upper perforated cuboid with one receiving hole 4.1.2 in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the upper horizontal wall

4.2.1

Receiving hole in a vertical wall of 4.2

4.2.2

Receiving hole in the upper horizontal wall of 4.2

5

Horizontal floor slab made of reinforced concrete (StB concrete)

5.1

Recess for the entrance door to the hybrid building 1

5.2

Suspension for the base plate 5

6th

Vertical sandwich panel wall

6.1

Lower support surface of the vertical sandwich panel wall 6 on the horizontal base plate 5

6.2

Support surface of the horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7 on the upper end of the vertical sandwich panel wall 6

7th

Horizontal sandwich panel ceiling

8th

Side wall cladding

9

Corridor floor slab, corridor

9.1

Corridor floor slab 9 / horizontal floor slab 5

10

window

10.1

Cutout for the window 10

11

Exterior facade, interior wall cladding

12th

Sanitary area

13th

Supply and ventilation shaft

13.1

Supply lines

14th

Toilet

14.1

Water tank

15th

sink

16

Shower cubicle

16.1

Folding door (shower cabin 16)

17th

Folding door (sanitary area 12)

18th

Space between two floors

19th

Washer

Detailed explanation of Figures 1 to 5

Figures 1 to 3

The hybrid building according to the invention 1 had a rectangular base area of 21 m ² with a 3.5 m wide front or entrance side V , a 3.5 m wide rear or window side R. and two 6 m long side walls S. . The specified dimensions refer to the outside of the hybrid building 1 . The bottom plate 5 consisted of reinforced concrete (StB-Beton) and was with suspensions 5.2 In the basic structure of four 3-part lower horizontal metal beams that are free from mechanical stress peaks 2 anchored. The height of the hybrid building according to the invention 1 was 2.7 m on the outside, the framework for the sandwich panel ceiling O was also made of four 3-part upper metal girders that are free from mechanical stress peaks 3 educated.

As a metal carrier 2 ; 3 Eight U-profile metal beams made of steel were used. They each consisted of a longer central part and two shorter side parts or arms, which were connected by plate-shaped flange connections 2.1 ; 3.1 attached to the middle part. The flange connections 2.1 ; 3.1 were in the area of the mechanical stress peaks that would occur with a one-piece metal carrier of the same length. Through the flange connections 2.1 ; 3.1 the effect was that such voltage peaks were reduced or no longer occurred. The plate-shaped flanges 2.1 ; 3.1 were attached to each other by riveted joints.

The two ends of each metal beam 2 ; 3 were on a total of eight perforated cuboids (four lower perforated cuboids 4.1 and four upper blocks of holes 4.2 ) attached. The fastenings were made by riveting or screw connections between the plate-shaped flange connections 2.2 ; 3.2 at the ends of the metal beams 2 ; 3 and the respective associated vertical walls of the perforated cuboid 4.1 ; 4.2 with the assigned receiving holes 4.1.1 ; 4.2.1 manufactured.

The perforated cuboids 4.1 ; 4.2 were at the top and bottom of the four square concrete pillars 4th . with metal core. Your respective three other vertical walls 4.1 ; 4.2 had further receiving holes 4.1.1 ; 4.1.2 on. These were used to connect with other hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 . In the horizontal undersides of the four lower blocks of holes 4.1 there were also mounting holes 4.1.1 . These were used to accommodate connecting devices to underlying hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 of a lower floor in a building. The connecting devices were with shims 19th equipped so that there is a space between the floors 18th found. In the horizontal upper sides of the four upper blocks of holes 4.2 there were also mounting holes 4.2.1 , the inclusion of connecting devices to overlying hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 on a higher floor in a building. These connecting devices were also with shims 19th equipped so that there is a space between the floors 18th found. The spaces in between 18th had a ventilating and insulating effect.

On the two hole blocks 4.1 the front or entry side V were corridor slab pads 4.2.1 fastened from steel. These were with shock absorption 4.1.3 equipped, the vibrations of the corridor floor slab 9 muffled. The corridor floor slab 9 poked in the recess 5.1 for the entrance door along the joint surface 9.1 to the horizontal base plate 5 . The abutment surface 9.1 was provided with a shock-absorbing, sealing, flexible pad.

The front V was with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6th with a recess 5.1 disguised for the front door. The backside R. was also with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6th with a recess 10.1 for the window 10 locked. The two side walls S. were closed with full-surface vertical sandwich panel walls. The horizontal ceiling O was supported by a horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7th educated. The horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7th lay on the supporting surfaces 6.2 on the tops of the vertical sandwich panel walls 6th on. The vertical sandwich panel walls 6th butted with their lower bearing surfaces 6.1 on the horizontal base plate 5 on.

The sandwich panels described below were preferred as sandwich panels 1P used. The panel systems from Wenker GmbH & Co. KG, Ahaus, Germany, were used with particular preference.

The side walls S. were each with a vertical side wall cladding 8th made of rigid sheet steel, used as a partition and fire protection wall to adjacent hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 served (cf. 4th ).

The back or window side R. , ie the outside of the hybrid building according to the invention 1 , was equipped with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades. The front or entry side V , ie the side facing the corridor, was covered with decorative, flame-retardant interior wall cladding 11 covered.

The hybrid building according to the invention 1 could be expanded as required due to its simple and standardized, statically particularly stable structure. For example, larger hybrid buildings could 1 by using more square concrete pillars 4th With a metal core and additional, multi-part, lower and upper metal supports free of mechanical stress peaks 2 ; 3 are produced, which could be used in many ways. In particular, multi-storey buildings could be erected quickly and safely. Another particular advantage was that the hybrid building according to the invention 1 could be equipped ex works so that they could be set up without any problems or even ready for occupancy.

In this way it was not only possible to build hotels, motels, residential buildings, old people's homes, schools, office buildings, prisons and warehouses with and without elevator shafts, but also hospitals with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units, doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment such as To set up X-ray machines and CT and MRT machines, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms, rooms for medical and other waste as well as buildings for research and development with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Figure 4

The hybrid building according to the invention shown in the floor plan 1 were like with the 3 and 4th explained in more detail. They were already factory-fitted with a recess 5.1 for the entrance door and a recess 10.1 for a window 10 equipped, so that these standardized components in a simple manner in the front V and the back R. the hybrid building 1 could be used. Also, they were factory set with a plumbing area 12th equipped of a wash basin 15th , a toilet 14th with a water tank 14.1 , a supply and ventilation shaft 13th with supply lines 13.1 , one with a folding door 16.1 lockable shower cubicle 16 and using the folding door 17th could be separated from the living area or functional area. The walls of the sanitary area consisted of vertical sandwich panel walls 6th . The outer sides were covered with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades 11 equipped. On the front side V , ie the entrance side to the corridor 9 the interior walls were covered with decorative and flame-retardant interior wall cladding.

The two hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 were in the same way with other identical hybrid buildings 1 connected both horizontally and vertically. On the opposite side of the corridor 9 were also a structurally identical row of hybrid buildings 1 built. In this way, a three-story building could be built in a short time and furnished according to the desired function.

So were the hybrid buildings of the invention 1 Set up as hotel rooms, hotel rooms, nursing homes, nursing rooms, sick rooms, treatment rooms, doctor's rooms, isolation rooms for quarantine purposes, security rooms, shelters, rooms shielded from electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields, computer rooms or offices.

Figure 5

The security concept for a two-story hybrid building according to the invention made up of four hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 included sandwich panel ceilings 7th , vertical sandwich panel walls 6th with external facades 11 and floor panels 5 the fire resistance class F90 as well as adjacent vertical partition walls made of sandwich panel walls 6th and sidewall coverings 8th the fire resistance class F30 . The floor panels 5 Sandwich panel ceilings were equipped with impact sound-absorbing coverings so that the impact sound insulation RW was ≤50 dB, preferably ≤ 40 dB. The sandwich panel ceilings 7th had a sound insulation of ≤ 60 dB.

If necessary, the safety concept could be reinforced by using identical components with higher fire resistance classes such as F120 and F180. The sound insulation was also achieved through the use of appropriate sandwich panel walls 6th , Sandwich panel ceilings 7th and coverings are reinforced. It was also without further possible to strengthen the protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields without the basic construction of the hybrid building according to the invention 1 to change.

Detailed description of sandwich panels that can be used according to the invention

• 6 die Draufsicht auf die Oberfläche eines rechteckigen Sandwichpaneels 1P;
• 7 die Draufsicht auf die Oberfläche eines scheibenförmigen Sandwichpaneels 1P;
• 8 die Draufsicht auf die Kanten 1.5P der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P mit der umlaufenden Profilschiene 1.3P;
• 9 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine „einfache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration 2.6aP hat;
• 10 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine „doppelte Eierkarton“ Konfiguration 2.6bP hat, wobei sich zwischen den „Eierkartons“ 2.6P ein Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P befindet;
• 11 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine „dreifache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration 2.6cP hat und die Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P eine vollflächige Beschichtung 3P haben;
• 12 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine „fünffache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration 2.6dP hat;
• 13 die Draufsicht von oben auf eine „Eierkarton“-Konfiguration 2.6P mit 4-eckigen Pyramiden 2.6.1P und Auflageflächen 2.6.2P;
• 14 die Draufsicht auf eine „Eierkarton“-Konfiguration mit kegelstumpfförmigen Pyramiden 2.6.1P und Auflageflächen 2.6.2P mit kreisrundem Umriss;
• 15 Die Draufsicht auf eine „Eierkarton“-Konfiguration 2.6P mit Pyramiden 2.6.1P mit 6-eckigem Grundriss und 6-eckigen Auflageflächen 2.6.2P;
• 16 die perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts aus einer „Wellblech“-Konfiguration 2.6P; 2.8P der Mineralfaserschicht 2P; 2.1P;
• 17 Draufsicht auf eine Mineralfaserschicht 2P mit unterschiedlich geformten Vertiefungen und Mulden 2.9P;
• 18 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P; 2.1P drei Lagen von gefaltetem Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P mit zwei Zwischenlagen Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P und jeweils einer Lage Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P auf der Innenseite der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P hat;
• 19 die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P mit zwei Lagen von speziell gefaltetem Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P, die durch ein Mineralfaservlies 2.11P voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die zwei Lagen 2.7P; 2.71P orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sind.

In the following, the preferred sandwich panels 1Panhand the 6th until 19th explained in more detail. the 6th until 19th are intended to schematically illustrate various possibilities for the construction of sandwich panels. the 6th until 19th therefore do not need to be true to scale and neither do they limit the invention. It show the

• 6th the top view of the surface of a rectangular sandwich panel 1P ;
• 7th the top view of the surface of a disk-shaped sandwich panel 1P ;
• 8th the top view of the edges 1.5P of the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P with the circumferential profile rail 1.3P ;
• 9 the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P wherein the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "simple egg carton" configuration 2.6aP;
• 10 the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P wherein the mineral fiber layer 2P a "double egg carton" configuration 2.6bP has, with a mineral fiber paper between the "egg cartons" 2.6P 2.7P is located;
• 11 the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P wherein the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "triple egg carton" configuration 2.6cP and the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P a full-surface coating 3P to have;
• 12th the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P wherein the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "five-up egg carton" configuration 2.6dP;
• 13th the top view of an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P with 4-cornered pyramids 2.6.1P and support surfaces 2.6.2P ;
• 14th the top view of an "egg carton" configuration with frustoconical pyramids 2.6.1P and support surfaces 2.6.2P with a circular outline;
• 15th The top view of an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P with pyramids 2.6.1P with hexagonal floor plan and hexagonal support surfaces 2.6.2P ;
• 16 the perspective view of a section from a "corrugated sheet" configuration 2.6P; 2.8P of the mineral fiber layer 2P ; 2.1P ;
• 17th Top view of a mineral fiber layer 2P with differently shaped depressions and hollows 2.9P ;
• 18th the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P wherein the mineral fiber layer 2P ; 2.1P three layers of folded mineral fiber paper 2.7P ; 2.7.1P with two intermediate layers of mineral fiber paper 2.7P ; 2.7.1P and one layer of mineral fiber paper each 2.7P ; 2.7.1P on the inside of the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P Has;
• 19th the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P with two layers of specially folded mineral fiber paper 2.7P ; 2.7.1P covered by a mineral fiber fleece 2.11P are separated from each other, the two layers 2.7P ; 2.71P are arranged orthogonally to one another.

P

„Zum Sandwichpaneel gehörend“

1P

Sandwichpaneel

1.1P

Erste Deckschicht

1.2P

Zweite Deckschicht

1.3P

Umlaufende U-Profilschiene mit T-förmigem Querschnitt

1.3.1P

Arme des „T“

1.4P

Umlaufende Öffnung zwischen den Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P

1.5P

Kanten der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P

2P

Mineralfaserschicht

2.1P

Mineralfasern

2.2P

Kanäle, die parallel zu den Deckschichten 1; 1.2 verlaufen

2.3P

Kanäle, die orthogonal zu den parallelen Kanälen 2.2 verlaufen

2.4P

Kanäle, die vertikal zu den Deckschichten 1; 1.2 verlaufen

2.5P

Hochtemperaturbeständiges Bindemittel, hochtemperaturbeständiger Kleber

2.5.1P

Vorstufe des Bindemittels 2.5

2.6P

„Eierkarton“-Konfiguration

2.6aP

„einfache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration

2.6bP

„doppelte Eierkarton“-Konfiguration

2.6cP

„dreifache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration

2.6dP

„fünffache Eierkarton“-Konfiguration

2.6.1P

Pyramide

2.6.2P

Auflagefläche, Kontaktfläche

2.7P

Mineralfaserpapier

2.7.1P

Gefaltetes Mineralfaserpapier 2.7

2.8P

„Wellblech“-Konfiguration

2.9P

Vertiefung, Mulde

2.10P

„Wellpappe“ Konfiguration

2.10.1P

Hohlsteg

2.11P

Mineralfaservlies

3P

Vollflächige oder teilflächige Beschichtung

The following are the 6th until 19th described in detail by way of example. In the 6th until 19th the reference symbols have the following meaning:

P.

"Belonging to the sandwich panel"

1P

Sandwich panel

1.1P

First top layer

1.2P

Second top layer

1.3P

All-round U-profile rail with T-shaped cross-section

1.3.1P

Arms of the "T"

1.4P

Circumferential opening between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P

1.5P

Edges of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P

2P

Mineral fiber layer

2.1P

Mineral fibers

2.2P

Channels parallel to the cover layers 1; 1.2 run

2.3P

Channels that run orthogonally to the parallel channels 2.2

2.4P

Channels that are vertical to the cover layers 1; 1.2 run

2.5P

High temperature resistant binder, high temperature resistant adhesive

2.5.1P

Pre-stage of the binder 2.5

2.6P

"Egg carton" configuration

2.6aP

"Simple egg carton" configuration

2.6bP

"Double egg carton" configuration

2.6cP

"Triple egg carton" configuration

2.6dP

"Five-fold egg carton" configuration

2.6.1P

pyramid

2.6.2P

Support surface, contact surface

2.7P

Mineral fiber paper

2.7.1P

Folded mineral fiber paper 2.7

2.8P

"Corrugated iron" configuration

2.9P

Depression, hollow

2.10P

"Corrugated" configuration

2.10.1P

Hollow web

2.11P

Mineral fiber fleece

3P

Full or partial coating

Detailed explanation of FIGS. 6 to 19

Figures 6, 7 and 8

The sandwich panel 1P the 6th had the dimensions 2.5 mx 6 mx 30 mm. The top layer visible in the top view 1.1P and the invisible top layer 1.2P consisted of 2.5 mm thick, anodized aluminum sheet. The top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P had a full-surface colored paintwork 3P with a decorative element 3P on. The circumferential opening between the cover layers 1.1P ; 1.2P was closed with a circumferential U-profile rail made of anodized aluminum, which consisted of four parts. In an advantageous embodiment, the four parts had the U-profile rail 1.3P a T-shaped cross-section so that the arms 1.3.1P of the "T" flush with the edges of the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P hit.

The sandwich panel 1Pder 7th had the shape of a disk with a diameter of 1 m and a total thickness of 30 mm. The top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P also consisted of 2.5 mm thick, anodized aluminum sheet. The circumferential opening 1.4P was with two semicircular U-profile rails 1.3P ; 1.3.1P closed from anodized aluminum sheet.

the 8th shows a plan view on the edge side of the embodiments of the sandwich panels 1Pder described above 6th and 7th .

The sandwich panels 1P were excellent as walls, ceilings and doors in the hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figures 9 and 13

The production of the sandwich panel 1P according to FIG 9 was carried out by separating the fibers of high-temperature glass wool from alkali-resistant AR glass containing zirconium dioxide and micronized by fine grinding in a ball mill. The micronized AR glass fibers were with an aqueous suspension 2.5.1P made into a paste with slow-setting cement, so that a dough-like mass with a solids composition of 80% by weight of AR glass fibers and 20% by weight of cement resulted. The dough-like mass was pressed in a molding press with gas outlets, stamps with a corresponding profile and a square stamp area of 1 m ² at 50 ° C. to give sheet-like molding compositions with an “egg carton” configuration. The pyramids 2.6.1P according to the 13th had a 4-cornered base area measuring 4 mm x 4 mm and a 4-cornered contact area 2.6.2P dimensions of 2 mm x 2 mm and were spaced 2 mm apart. The thickness of the cement-bonded AR glass fiber layers was 2 mm. The plate-shaped molding compounds 2P ; 2.6P were fully cured in air at room temperature for several days.

It got two square facings 1.1P ; 1.2P an area of 8 m ² made of 1 mm thick, degreased, hot-dip aluminized sheet. The contact areas 2.6.2P of four AR glass fiber layers 2P ; 2.6P were made with a high-temperature-resistant glass-to-metal adhesive that hardens at room temperature 2.5P coated on a ceramic basis and first on the square top layer 1.1P laid on, after which the top layer 1.2P was placed congruently on the 4 AR glass fiber layers. This resulted in the mineral fiber layer 2 ; 2.6aP ("Simple egg carton" configuration) channels 2.2P that are parallel to the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P ran and channels 2.3P that are orthogonal to the parallel channels 2.2P passed.

After the high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive has fully cured 2.5P became the circumferential opening 1.4P between the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P all around with four appropriately dimensioned U-profile rails 1.3P ; 1.3.1P with T-shaped cross-section (cf. 6th until 8th ) closed by inserting the U-profile into the circumferential opening 1.4P Pushed in until the arms of the "T" are flush with the edges 1.5P Top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P completed.

In another version, appropriately dimensioned U-profile rails were used 1.3P without a T-shaped cross-section 1.3.1P used, the clamp-shaped over the surrounding edges 1.5P were pushed. This had the advantage that the mineral fiber layer 2P was no longer contacted at their edges. In the following, these U-profile rails were always used 1.3P used

The U-profile rails 1.3P had openings for pressure equalization with the environment.

The sandwich panels 1P This type of construction was significantly lighter than sandwich panels of the same construction that were completely filled with glass wool. In addition, they showed excellent sound and thermal insulation. They were fire-retardant and were not destroyed by red heat. Thus, they were excellent as components for the hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figures 10 and 14

The manufacture of the sandwich panel 1P the 10 was done by as with 9 described square, 1 m ² plate-shaped molding compounds with an “egg carton” configuration 2.6P. The plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P ; 2.6.1P differed from those of the 9 only by the fact that instead of the pyramids 2.P with a square floor plan according to the 13th Pyramids 2.6.1P with a circular floor plan but of a comparable size according to the 14th were used. The four plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P ; 2.6.1P were like at 9 written on with the surface of the two cover layers 1.1P ; 1.2P firmly connected. Then were on the free contact surfaces 2.6.2P of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P ; 2.6.1P Fleece 2.7P made of polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool with a high temperature resistant inorganic glass adhesive 2.5P glued. This was followed by the other top layer 1.1P or 1.2P with the four other plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P ; 2.6.1P on the other side of the fleece 2.7P glued so that the raised contact surfaces 2.6.2P of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P ; 2.6.1P facing each other. Last was the circumferential opening 1.4P between the edges 1.5P of the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P as in example 9 closed with U-profile rails.

A sandwich panel resulted 1P with a mineral fiber layer 2P a “double egg carton” configuration 2.6P with a thickness of about 6 mm, which was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with glass wool. The sandwich panel 1P had excellent sound and thermal insulation and was still fire-retardant even when it was red heat. Sandwich panels 1P this type of construction were therefore excellent as components for the hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figures 11 and 15

The sandwich panel 1P the 11 was made by following as at 9 described plate-shaped molding compositions 2.6P made with an "egg carton" configuration. These differ from the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P the 9 and the 10 just by having pyramids 2.6.1P with a hexagonal floor plan and hexagonal contact surfaces 2.6.2P according to the 15th were used. There were three layers of this plate-shaped molding compound 2.6P in the in the 11 superimposed in the manner shown, so that a “triple egg carton” configuration 2.6cP as a mineral fiber layer 2P resulted. The circumferential opening 1.5P became like at 9 described with circumferential U-profile rails 1.3P locked. This was followed by the outer surfaces of the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P with a coating 3P Coated from a powder coating that is heat-resistant up to 250 ° C.

The sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of about 10 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with rock wool. This sandwich panel too 1P had excellent sound and thermal insulation and was fire-retardant even when the coating burned down or charred. So was the sandwich panel 1P excellent as a component for the hybrid building according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figures 12 and 15

The sandwich panel 1P the 12th became like with the 9 described prepared by five layers of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P with the "egg carton" configuration, as in the 12th shown, superimposed so that a "five-fold egg carton" configuration 2.6dP resulted.

The sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of about 14 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with rock wool. This sandwich panel too 1P had excellent sound and thermal insulation and was fire-retardant even in red heat and did not deform. So was the sandwich panel 1P excellent as a component for the hybrid building according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figure 16

The sandwich panel 1P the 16 was made by first starting with the 9 described dough-shaped mass plate-shaped molding compositions 2.8P made with a "corrugated iron" configuration. The parallel bars 2.10.1P were spaced 4 mm apart and were 8 mm high. Their wall thickness was 2 mm. The contact areas 2.6.2P were 4 mm wide. The channels 2.2P in the webs had a maximum clear width of 6 mm.

A layer of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.8P were using the top layers 1.1P and 1.2P with a high-temperature-resistant glass-metal adhesive on the contact surfaces 2.6.2P glued. The circumferential opening 1.5P between the top layers 1.1P ; 1.2P became like with the 9 described closed with U-profile rails.

The resulting sandwich panel 1 had a total thickness of about 10 mm. It was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool. The sound insulation, thermal insulation and fire retardancy were excellent. So was the sandwich panel 1P excellent as a component for the hybrid building according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figure 17

the 17th shows a mineral fiber layer 2P who have favourited differently shaped depressions and hollows 2.9P contained. The mineral fiber layer 2P had a maximum layer thickness of 4 mm. The maximum depth of the pits and hollows 2.9P was 3 mm. The mineral fiber layer 2P was made by compression molding from the at 9 dough-like mass described.

One with this mineral fiber layer 2 manufactured sandwich panel 1P it had the same excellent properties as described above.

Figure 18

The sandwich panel 1P the 18th was made by making paper webs 2.7P made of high temperature resistant polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool with the 9 suspension described 2.5.1P impregnated, so that an aluminum oxide wool with a solids content of 90% by weight of aluminum oxide and 10% by weight of cement resulted. The impregnated paper webs 2.7P were folded when wet, so that the distance from the tips to the depressions in the folded paper webs 2.7.1P was 5 mm. The folded impregnated paper webs 2.7.1P were cured in air at room temperature.

Two square, 4 m ² covering layers 1.1P ; 1.2P 1.5 mm thick stainless steel were used to cover the entire surface with the paper webs 2.7P glued. Then it was applied to the paper webs 2.7P on a top layer 1.1P or 1.2P a layer of the hardened, folded paper webs 2.7.1P glued. Paper webs were placed over them again 2.7P and another layer of the hardened, folded paper webs 2.7.1P fixed. Then paper webs were again used 2.7P placed and a third layer of the hardened folded paper webs 2.1 P fixed. Their tips were with the paper webs 2.7P on the other top layer 1.1P or 1.2P glued. A high-temperature-resistant inorganic glass adhesive was used for the bonding 2.5P used.

The sandwich panel 1P was about 20 mm thick and had a mineral fiber layer 2P with a "corrugated cardboard" configuration 2.8P, which was mechanically particularly stable. The weight saving compared to a comparable sandwich panel, the space of which was completely filled with high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide wool, was considerable. The thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire retardancy were excellent. So this sandwich panel was also 1P excellent as a component for the hybrid building according to the invention 1 suitable.

Figure 19

The sandwich panel of the 19th was made by making paper webs 2.7P made of high temperature resistant aluminum oxide wool and folded with a 1.5 mm thick top layer 1.1P or 1.2P made of stainless steel by means of a high-temperature-resistant inorganic glass-metal adhesive 2.5P glued. The free sides of the folded paper webs 2.7.1P were made with mineral fiber fleeces 2.11P glued from aluminum silicate wool. On the mineral fiber fleece 2.11P was again folded paper webs 2.7.1P laid and glued so that their channels 2.3P orthogonal to the channels 2.2P the first layer of folded paper webs 2.7.1P were arranged. Last were the free sides of these folded paper webs 2.7.1P with the other top layer 1.1P or 1.2P glued, and the surrounding opening 1.5P was as described above with U-profile rails 1.3P closed all round.

The sandwich panel 1P was about 22 mm thick and showed a considerable weight saving compared to a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide wool. The sandwich panel 1P was mechanically particularly stable and exhibited excellent thermal insulation, soundproofing and fire resistance. So this sandwich panel was also 1P excellent as a component for the hybrid building according to the invention 1 suitable.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2001/0047628 A1 [0003]
• DE 60314454 T2 [0004]
• EP 1579087 B1 [0004]
• DE 202017107660 U1 [0005]
• WO 2009/061702 A1 [0006]
• US 2012/2255710 [0007]
• US 9068340 B2 [0008]
• US 9593478 B2 [0008]
• US 9366020 B2 [0009]
• EP 3034707 A1 [0010]

Claims (28)

Hybrid building (1) constructed at least from steel parts, reinforced concrete parts, lightweight concrete parts and flame-retardant, sound and heat-insulating sandwich panels, at least comprising - at least one horizontal sandwich panel ceiling (O; 7) with a fire resistance class of at least 30, - at least one rear or window side (R; 6) made of at least one vertical sandwich panel wall (6) of a fire resistance class of at least 30 with at least one recess (10.1) for at least one window (10), - at least two vertical sandwich panel side walls (S; 6) of a fire resistance class of at least 30, - at least one horizontal floor slab (5) made of reinforced concrete, which is connected to the lower metal girders (2) by suspensions (5.2), - At least one front or entrance side (O; 6) made of at least one vertical sandwich panel wall (6) of a fire resistance class of at least 30 with at least one recess (5.1) for at least one entrance door and - At least one supporting framework that follows the imaginary edges of at least one rectangular parallelepiped, at least comprehensively - at least four vertical concrete columns (4) each with at least one metal core and at the ends (i) each with a lower perforated cube (4.1) made of metal with at least one receiving hole (4.1.1) in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole ( 4.1.3) in the lower horizontal wall and (ii) each with an upper perforated cube (4.2) made of metal with at least one receiving hole (4.2.1) in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole (4.2.2) in the upper one horizontal wall as well - At least four, arranged in at least one rectangle or square, connected to the lower perforated cuboids (4.1), free of mechanical stress peaks, multi-part, lower horizontal metal supports (2) and - At least four multi-part, upper horizontal metal supports (3), which are arranged in at least one congruent rectangle or square, connected to the upper perforated cuboids (4.2) and free from mechanical stress peaks. Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the - the sandwich panel side walls (S; 6) and the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are clad with a side wall cladding (8) of a fire resistance class of at least 30, - the front sides or entrance sides (V; 6) except for the recesses (5.1) for the doors and the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are clad with interior wall cladding (11) of a fire resistance class of at least 30 and - the rear or window sides (R; 6) except for the Recesses (10.1) for the windows (10) and the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are covered with external facades (11) of a fire resistance class of at least 60. Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) have a U-profile. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) each consist of a middle part and two shorter side parts, the connections between the middle part and the side parts being at the points where the mechanical stress peaks would occur in a one-piece metal support . Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 4th , characterized in that corridor plate supports (4.1.2) made of metal are attached to the lower perforated cuboids (4.1) of the front or entrance side (V; 6). Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the metal is selected from the group consisting of steel, chrome steel, molybdenum steel, V2 A steel and V4 A steel. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that it is equipped at the factory with a sanitary area (12) separated from the rest of the room by vertical sandwich panel walls (6). Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the sanitary area (12) comprises at least one wash basin (15), a shower cubicle, at least one toilet (14) with a water tank (14.1) and a supply and ventilation shaft (13) with supply lines (13.1). Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that the horizontal base plate (5) is covered with a covering which dampens the impact sound. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that it is connected to at least one further hybrid building (1) by means of connecting devices which are inserted into the receiving holes (4.1.1; 4.1.3; 4.2.1; 4.2.2) of the perforated cuboid (4.1; 4.2), horizontally and / or is joined vertically to form a building. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that the sandwich panels (6; 7), from the group consisting of sandwich panels (1P), each comprising at least one first and at least one second flame-retardant cover layer (1.1P) and (1.2P), which are at a distance from one another are arranged parallel to one another, and at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) is selected from at least one type of mineral fiber (2.1P) between at least two of the outer layers (1.1P; 1.2P). Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) of the sandwich panels (1P) - of channels (2.2P) which run parallel to the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P), and / or - of channels (2.4P), which run vertically to the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P), is traversed, and / or - includes depressions and / or depressions (2.9P). Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 12th , characterized in that the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) is traversed by channels (2.3P) which run orthogonally to the parallel channels (2.2P). Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 13th , characterized in that the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) made of mineral fibers (2.1P) selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum silicate zirconium wool, high temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool , Alumina ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers, yttria ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, and silicon boride nitride carbide fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, a quartz fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, single crystal fibers (whiskers), polycrystalline fibers, and slag fibers. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 14th , characterized in that the mineral fibers (2.1P) are in the form of wool, papers, fleeces, dry felts, wet felts, plates, filling materials and molding compounds. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 15th , characterized in that - the mineral fibers (2.1P) in the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) are connected with at least one high-temperature-resistant binder (2.5P) and / or - the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) with at least one high-temperature-resistant binder (2.5P ) is firmly bonded to the inside of at least one cover layer (1.1P; 1.2P) and / or - its at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) is firmly bonded to at least one further mineral fiber layer (2P) with at least one high-temperature-resistant binder (2.5P). Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that the high-temperature-resistant binders (2.5P) are stable at temperatures> 300 ° C. Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 17 , characterized in that the at least one binder (2.5P) is selected from the group consisting of lime, clays, water glasses, cements and silicones filled with inorganic fillers. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 18th , characterized in that its at least one mineral fiber layer (2) as a molding compound has the shape of egg cartons, corrugated cardboard and folded papers as well as egg cartons, corrugated cardboard and folded papers in combination with papers, fleeces, plates and / or felts made of mineral fibers (2.1P) . Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 19th , characterized in that the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) - by mixing isolated mineral fibers (2.1P) and / or filler materials (2.1P) with at least one dispersion, at least one precursor (2.5.1P) of at least one binder (2.5P) and Forming the resulting mixture (2.1P; 2.5.1P) and hardening the formed mixture (2.1P; 2.5.1P) and / or - by impregnating paper, tiles, plates and / or felts made of mineral fibers (2.1P) with at least one Dispersion of at least one precursor (2.5.1P) of at least one binder (2.5P) and shaping of the resulting impregnated papers, fleeces, plates and / or felts (2.1P; 2.5.1P) and hardening of the shaped impregnated papers, fleeces, plates and / or felts (2.1P; 2.5.1P) can be produced. Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 20 , characterized in that the molding (2.1P) can be carried out using the vacuum molding process or the compression molding process. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 21 , characterized in that the at least two cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P) contain metals and / or metal alloys and / or consist of metals and / or metal alloys. Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 22 , characterized in that the metals and / or metal alloys from the group consisting of iron, steel, stainless steel and light metals and Alloys of iron and of light metals. Hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 23 , characterized in that the sandwich panels (1P) each have a circumferential U-profile rail (1.3P) for covering the circumferential opening (1.4P) between the edges (1.5P) of the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P). Hybrid building (1) according to Claim 24 , characterized in that the circumferential U-profile rail (1.3P) has at least one opening (1.3.1P) for pressure equalization with the environment. Use of the hybrid building (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 25th for erecting above-ground and underground buildings. Use after Claim 26 , characterized in that the hybrid buildings (1) are hotels, motels, residential buildings, old people's homes, schools, lecture rooms, computer rooms, office buildings, restaurants, kitchens, shops of all kinds, prisons, warehouses, hospitals and clinics with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units , Doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, operating rooms, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms, rooms for medical and other waste, buildings for protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields as well as buildings for research and development with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms. Use after Claim 26 or 27 , characterized in that the hybrid building (1) is equipped with elevators, escalators, basement rooms, underground garages, stairwells, locks, security doors, air conditioning systems, rooms and structures for building technology, vestibules, entrance halls, concierge boxes, sprinkler systems, broadcasting systems, fitness rooms, saunas and swimming pools are.

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