DE102019201796A1 - Chuck - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a chuck which has a base (1) and a clamping arrangement with at least one first clamping element (10) for clamping a component (100) in a machine tool, the clamping element being adjustable in a first feed direction (Z) on the base is mounted and has at least one clamping piezo element (21) for adjusting the clamping element and / or at least one fixing piezo element (22) for fixing the first clamping element in the first feed direction.

Description

The present invention relates to a chuck and a method for clamping a component in a machine tool as well as a machine tool with the chuck.

One object of an embodiment of the present invention is to improve the clamping of components in machine tools.

This object is achieved by a chuck having the features of claim 1 or a method having the features of claim 10. Claim 9 provides a machine tool with a chuck described here under protection. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a chuck has a one-part or multi-part base and a clamping arrangement with at least one one-part or multi-part clamping element, which in the present case is referred to as the first clamping element and is used to clamp a component in a machine tool, without loss of generality is or is provided, in particular set up.

The component can in particular be a tool, preferably a workpiece, in an embodiment of a gas turbine, and / or have a free-form clamping, in particular outer contour, the machine tool in particular a milling machine. The present invention is particularly suitable for this, in particular because of the clamping and machining conditions that arise in this context.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first tensioning element is mounted on the base so as to be adjustable in a (without restricting generality) (infeed) direction, linearly in one embodiment. As a result, in one embodiment, space can be made available for receiving the component or the component can advantageously be inserted into the chuck and then clamped in it.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first tensioning element has at least one piezo element (referred to here as a “tensioning piezo element”), with the aid of which the tensioning element can be adjusted, in particular displaced, in the first feed direction or which is provided for this purpose, in particular set up or . is used.

In this way, in one embodiment, predetermined clamping forces can advantageously be impressed or exerted on the component and thus the clamping can be improved.

Additionally or alternatively, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the first clamping element has at least one piezo element (referred to here as a “fixing piezo element”), with the aid of which the clamping element is frictionally engaged in the first feed direction, in one embodiment by frictional contact between the fixing Piezo element and the base, can be set, in particular fixed, or which is provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used.

In this way, in one embodiment, the clamping element can advantageously be fixed after an infeed and thus the clamping can be improved.

The two aforementioned aspects are preferably combined with one another. As a result, in one embodiment, the clamping element can first be fed to the component, then fixed in this (contact) position by the fixing piezo element and then a desired or predetermined clamping force can be impressed by the clamping piezo element. Nevertheless, the present invention is not restricted to the combination of both aspects.

In one embodiment, the clamping arrangement has one or more, in one embodiment structurally identical, further clamping elements for clamping the component in the machine tool, the further clamping element (s) each in a feed direction, in one embodiment in the first Feed direction, is / are adjustably mounted on the base and (each) has / have at least one clamping piezo element for adjusting this clamping element and / or at least one fixing piezo element for, in particular frictionally locking, fixing this clamping element in its feed direction.

In a further development, an adjustment axis of the first clamping element, in or along which it can be adjusted or fixed in the first feed direction, and an adjustment axis of the or one or more of the further clamping elements, in or along which it (s) ( each) is / are adjustable or fixable in his / her feed direction, rotated against each other by at most 45 °, in particular at most 30 °, in one embodiment at most 15 °, in particular parallel to each other, and / or offset against each other transversely to the first feed direction.

In this way, free-form surfaces in particular can be particularly advantageously clamped. Clamping can in particular be frictional Fixing or clamping include, in particular be.

In one embodiment, the chuck has a one-part or multi-part, in one embodiment elastic, pretensioning means, which in one embodiment the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping element (s) in the feed direction of the ( respective) tensioning element biases against the component or is provided for this purpose, in particular is set up or used, and / or, in particular for this purpose, has one or more springs.

Additionally or alternatively, the chuck has, in one embodiment, a one-part or multi-part resetting means, in one embodiment a zero blade with one or more run-up bevels, which the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping element (s) ), in one embodiment jointly, against the feed direction of the clamping element, resets away from the component and / or locks the prestressing means, in one embodiment by adjusting, in particular shifting, the restoring means transversely to the feed direction, or provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used becomes.

As a result, in one embodiment, the first or further clamping element can advantageously be delivered to the component, fixed in this position by the fixing piezo element (s) and then clamping the component by the clamping piezo element (s).

In one embodiment, the first tensioning element and / or one or more of the further tensioning element (s) each have a tensioning element and a support element, in one embodiment the (respective) tensioning element being supported by the (respective) tensioning piezo element is adjustable, in particular displaceable, in the feed direction of this clamping element against the (respective) support member and / or, in one embodiment, the (respective) support member is mounted on the base so as to be adjustable in the feed direction of this clamping element and by the (respective) fixing piezo element, in particular frictionally can be determined at the base. Correspondingly, an adjustment of a tensioning element by its tensioning piezo element in its feed direction can include, in particular, a displacement and / or tensioning or tensioning apart of its tensioning and support member in this feed direction.

Thus, in one embodiment, the (each) at least two-part tensioning and support member having tensioning element can initially be delivered to the component, in particular by the biasing means, then the support member can be fixed to the base and then tightening and (fixed) by activating the tensioning piezoelectric element ) Support member against each other and thereby the component (a) are clamped. As a result of this multi-stage clamping, in one embodiment the component can be particularly advantageously inserted into the chuck and then clamped in it.

In one embodiment, the chuck has a one-part or multi-part form-fitting guide, in one embodiment sliding bearing, of the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping elements, in particular its (respective) support member, in the feed direction of the (respective) clamping element on the base and / or the clamping member and support member in the feed direction of the (respective) clamping element on one another.

As a result, in one embodiment, infeed and / or clamping or clamping can be improved, in particular reliability increased, friction reduced and / or forces advantageously supported.

In one embodiment, the piezo-tensioning element of the first tensioning element and / or the piezo-tensioning element of the or one or more of the further tensioning elements (each) is at least partially in a recess of this tensioning element, which is closed on both sides in one embodiment, in particular in a an embodiment closed on one side, recess of the (respective) clamping member and / or of the (respective) support member of this clamping element.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment the fixing piezo element of the first tensioning element and / or the tensioning piezo element of the or one or more of the further tensioning elements is (each) at least partially in a recess of this tensioning element, in particular its opening, which is open on both sides in one embodiment Support member, arranged.

As a result, in one embodiment, the corresponding piezo element can be protected and / or forces can advantageously be supported.

• - Einlegen des Bauteils in das Spannfutter; und
• - Zustellen des ersten Spannelements und/oder des bzw. eines oder mehrerer der weiteren Spannelemente in seiner Zustellrichtung auf das Bauteil zu, in einer Ausführung mithilfe des Vorspannmittels, in einer Weiterbildung durch Verstellen des Rückstellmittels;

wobei

• - das (jeweilige) Spannelement in seiner Zustellrichtung durch sein Spann-Piezoelement, insbesondere sein Spannglied gegen sein Stützglied und/oder auf Basis einer Soll- und/oder Ist-Spannkraft, verspannt wird; und/oder
• - das (jeweilige) Spannelement, insbesondere sein Stützglied, in seiner Zustellrichtung durch sein Festlegungs-Piezoelement, insbesondere reibschlüssig, an der Basis festgelegt wird, in einer Ausführung bevor das (jeweilige) Spannelement in seiner Zustellrichtung durch sein Spann-Piezoelement, insbesondere sein Spannglied gegen sein Stützglied und/oder auf Basis einer Soll- und/oder Ist-Spannkraft, verspannt wird.

In one embodiment, a method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps:

• - Placing the component in the chuck; and
• - Infeed of the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping elements in its infeed direction towards the component, in one embodiment with the aid of the pretensioning means, in a further development by adjusting the restoring means;

in which

• the (respective) tensioning element is tensioned in its feed direction by its tensioning piezo element, in particular its tensioning member against its support member and / or on the basis of a setpoint and / or actual tensioning force; and or
• - the (respective) clamping element, in particular its support member, is fixed in its feed direction by its fixing piezo element, in particular frictionally, on the base, in one embodiment before the (respective) clamping element in its feed direction by its clamping piezo element, in particular its clamping member is clamped against its support member and / or on the basis of a target and / or actual clamping force.

Correspondingly, in one embodiment, the chuck has a control device which, in particular in terms of hardware and / or software, for, in one embodiment, individual, in particular separate or independent, energization of the piezoelectric element and / or piezoelectric element fixing of the first clamping element and / or the or one or more of the further tensioning elements, in particular on the basis of a (predetermined) target tensioning force and / or an actual tensioning force determined in one embodiment by measurement technology and / or with the aid of the tensioning piezo element, is set up or used .

While free-form surfaces in particular can be advantageously clamped in by the individual energizing of the clamping piezo elements of the clamping elements, the fixing piezo elements can be energized together in one embodiment, in particular after a predetermined time after the infeed with the aid of the prestressing means or adjustment of the restoring means or after Detecting a contact using one or more of the clamping piezo elements.

In one embodiment, as already explained, the first tensioning element and / or one or more of the further tensioning elements (each) is frictionally engaged with the aid of the corresponding fixing piezo element, in a further development by frictional contact between this fixing piezo element and the Base, fixed or fixable, in particular fixed or fixable, or the chuck or its fixing piezo element (s) provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used for this purpose.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping elements (in each case) with the aid of the corresponding fixing piezo element is or is positively and / or non-positively locking, in a further development through contact between these fixing elements. Piezo element and the base, fixed or fixable, in particular fixed or fixable, or the chuck or its fixing piezo element (s) provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used for this purpose.

In one embodiment, as already explained, the first tensioning element and / or the one or more of the further tensioning elements (in each case) on the basis of a, in particular, predetermined, target and / or one, in a further development, metrologically and / or or the actual clamping force determined with the aid of the clamping piezo element, in particular a comparison between setpoint and actual force, clamped or the control device is set up or used for this purpose.

In one embodiment, in a further development, the tensioning force applied to the first tensioning element and / or one or more of the further tensioning elements is regulated (force), in particular by a corresponding energization of the tensioning piezoelectric element tensioning this tensioning element, or is the control device set up for this.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, an (actual) clamping force applied to the first clamping element and / or one or more of the further clamping elements is determined on the basis of an energization of the piezoelectric element clamping this clamping element or the control device is set up for this.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, energization of the piezoelectric tensioning element tensioning the first tensioning element and / or one or more of the piezoelectric tensioning elements tensioning the further tensioning elements is regulated individually or specifically in a tensioning element.

In particular, in one embodiment, by regulating the energization of the piezoelectric element or elements, conclusions can be drawn about the applied clamping force and, in a further development, individual clamping forces can be applied to the component for each clamping element.

In this way, in one embodiment, in particular in combination, an advantageous, in particular more gentle clamping and / or processing of, in particular sensitive, components can be ensured.

• 1 einen Teil eines Spannfutters beim Einspannen eines Bauteils in einer Werkzeugmaschine nach einer Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
• 2 den Teil des Spannfutters bei eingespanntem Bauteil.

Further advantageous developments of the present invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description preferred versions. This shows, partly schematically:

• 1 a part of a chuck when clamping a component in a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
• 2 the part of the chuck when the component is clamped.

1 shows part of a chuck when clamping a component 100 in a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention in a section.

The chuck has a base 1 and a clamping arrangement with a plurality of structurally identical clamping elements for clamping the component, of which in partial section the 1 three clamping elements 10 , 10 ' , 10 " are shown.

The clamping elements 10-10 " each have a tendon 11 and a support member 12th on, the tendon 11 by a clamping piezo element 21st in an in 1 horizontal infeed direction Z against the support member 12th adjustable and the support member 12th in turn adjustable in this feed direction at the base 1 stored and by a fixing piezo element 22nd can be frictionally fixed in the feed direction.

In the 1 Adjustment axes indicated by dash-dotted lines A , A ', A " the clamping elements 10-10 " are opposite to each other at right angles to the infeed direction Z offset parallel to each other.

The chuck has a multi-part prestressing means in the form of springs 31 for pre-tensioning the tensioning elements 10-10 " against the component 100 in the delivery direction Z and a return means in the form of a null sword 32 for common resetting of the clamping elements 10-10 " of the component 100 away against the infeed direction Z and for locking the biasing means 31 by adjusting the return means 32 across the infeed direction Z (i.e. vertical in 1 ) on.

The support members 12th are each through a plain bearing 62 form-fitting in the infeed direction Z at the base 1 guided, the tendons 11 each by a plain bearing 61 form-fitting in the infeed direction Z on the respective support member 12th .

The clamping piezo elements 21st are each partially in a recess of the respective clamping element that is closed on both sides 10 , 10 ' or. 10 " , namely in a recess closed on one side 41 of its tendon 11 and a recess closed on one side 42 of its support member 12th arranged.

The fixing piezo elements 22nd are each in a recess open on both sides 43 of the respective support member 12th arranged.

The chuck has a control device 50 for individual energization of the clamping piezo elements 21st and for the common or individual energization of the fixing piezo elements 22nd the clamping elements 10-10 " based on a target and / or actual clamping force.

• Nach einem Einlegen des Bauteils 100 in das Spannfutter werden zunächst durch ein in 1 durch einen vertikalen Bewegungspfeil angedeutetes Verstellen des Nullschwertes 32 die Federn 31 entriegelt, so dass diese die Spannelemente 10-10" in der Zustellrichtung an die Freiform-Außen-Spannkontur des Bauteils 100 anstellen.

In the sequence of figures 1 → 2 is a method for clamping the component 100 by means of the chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention:

• After inserting the component 100 are first inserted into the chuck by an in 1 Adjustment of the zero sword indicated by a vertical movement arrow 32 the feathers 31 unlocked so that these the clamping elements 10-10 " in the infeed direction to the free-form outer clamping contour of the component 100 hire.

After a predetermined time and / or a corresponding (initial) contact force has been detected by the clamping piezo elements 21st energizes the control 50 the fixing piezo elements 22nd , which thereby the (support members 12th the) clamping elements 10-10 " in the delivery direction Z frictionally determine what is in 2 is indicated by vertical double arrows.

The control then energizes 50 the clamping piezo elements 21st so that these are the tendons 11 in the delivery direction Z against the support members 12th clamp and thus the clamping elements 10-10 " in the delivery direction Z clamp or clamp the component.

The controller regulates this 50 the energization of the clamping piezo elements 21st individually on the basis of a specified target clamping force and an actual clamping force that is generated with the help of the clamping piezo elements 21st itself can be recorded, so or in such a way that the actual clamping force deviates as little as possible from the target clamping force.

To release the clamping of the component 100 conversely, the energization of the clamping and fixing piezo elements 21st , 22nd switched off and by pushing back the zero sword 32 the clamping elements 10-10 " against the delivery direction Z put back and the springs 31 thereby locked again.

Although exemplary embodiments were explained in the preceding description, it should be pointed out that a large number of modifications are possible. It should also be pointed out that the exemplary designs are merely examples that are not intended to restrict the scope of protection, the applications and the structure in any way. Rather, the preceding description provides a person skilled in the art with guidelines for the implementation of at least one exemplary embodiment, with various changes, in particular with regard to the function and arrangement of the described components, being able to be made without departing from the scope of protection as it emerges from the claims and these equivalent combinations of features.

List of reference symbols

1

Base

10

first clamping element

10 '; 10 "

further clamping element

11

Tendon

12th

Support member

21st

Clamping piezo element

22nd

Fixing piezo element

31, 32

Spring

41-43

Recess

50

control

61, 62

Plain bearing (guide)

100

Component

A; A '; A "

Adjustment axis

Z

Infeed direction

Claims (10)

A chuck which has a base (1) and a clamping arrangement with at least one first clamping element (10) for clamping a component (100) in a machine tool, the clamping element being mounted on the base so as to be adjustable in a first feed direction (Z) and at least one Tensioning piezo element (21) for adjusting the tensioning element and / or at least one fixing piezo element (22) for fixing the first tensioning element in the first feed direction. The chuck according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the clamping arrangement has at least one further clamping element (10 '; 10 ") for clamping the component in the machine tool, the further clamping element being adjustable in one, in particular the first, feed direction (Z) on the Base is mounted and has at least one clamping piezo element (21) for adjusting the further clamping element and / or at least one fixing piezo element (22) for fixing the further clamping element in this feed direction. The chuck according to the preceding claim, characterized in that an adjustment axis (A) of the first clamping element and an adjustment axis (A '; A ") of the further clamping element offset from one another transversely to the first infeed direction and / or rotated against one another by at most 45 °, in particular parallel to one another are. Chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a pretensioning means (31) for pretensioning the first and / or further clamping element against the component in the feed direction of this clamping element and / or a resetting means (32) for, in particular jointly, resetting the first and / or further clamping element away from the component against the feed direction of this clamping element and / or locking the pretensioning means, in particular by adjusting the restoring means transversely to this feed direction. Clamping chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or further clamping element have a clamping member (11) and a support member (12), the clamping member being adjustable by the clamping piezo element in the feed direction of this clamping element against the support member and / or the support member is mounted on the base so as to be adjustable in the feed direction of this clamping element and can be fixed by the fixing piezo element. Clamping chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a form-fitting guide (61; 62) of the first and / or further clamping element, in particular its support member, in the feed direction of this clamping element on the base and / or the clamping member and support member in the feed direction of this clamping element on one another . Clamping chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piezoelectric element of the first and / or further clamping element is at least partially in a recess (41, 42) of the clamping element, in particular closed on both sides, in particular in a recess (41, 42) of the Tensioning member and / or the support member of this tensioning element, and / or the fixing piezo element of the first and / or further tensioning element is arranged at least partially in a recess (43) of this tensioning element, in particular its support member, which is open on both sides. Chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control device (50) for, in particular individually, energizing the piezoelectric element and / or the piezo-fixing element of the first and / or further clamping element, in particular on the basis of a target and / or actual clamping force . Machine tool with a chuck according to one of the preceding claims for clamping a component. Method for clamping a component (100) in a machine tool by means of a chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps: - inserting the component into the chuck; and - infeed of the first and / or further clamping element (10; 10 '; 10 ") in the infeed direction (Z) of this clamping element towards the component, in particular with the aid of the prestressing means (31), preferably by adjusting the restoring means (32); - the clamping element in this feed direction by its piezoelectric element (21), in particular its clamping member (11) against its support member (12) and / or on the basis of a target and / or actual clamping force, braced and / or; especially beforehand - the clamping element, in particular its support member (12), is fixed in this feed direction by its fixing piezo element (22), in particular in a frictional manner.

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