DE102018207048A1 - A method of improving usage of electrical energy and server equipment that can be deployed in an electrical utility grid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the use of electrical energy that can be provided in an electrical supply network and to a correspondingly set up central server device (4). In the method, state of charge data of electrical energy storage devices (2) are transmitted to a plurality of electric vehicles (1) to the central server device (4). In addition, respective position data indicating locations of the electric vehicles (1) are transmitted to the central server device (4). From the centralized server device (4), a map (5) is generated from the transmitted state of charge data and the transmitted position data, in which the respective locations of the electric vehicles (1) are entered spatially resolved together with a respective state of charge.

Description

The invention relates to a method for improving the use of electrical energy that can be provided in an electrical supply network and to a server device configured to carry out such a method.

Regarding electrical supply, distribution or transport networks, a number of challenges and opportunities are emerging in the future. On the one hand, electric vehicles could contribute to the electric energy consumption to a much greater extent in the future than on the other hand, but on the other hand also provide significant storage capacities for electrical energy via their electrical energy stores, ie batteries, in particular traction batteries. In addition, the increased generation of electrical energy from renewable sources leads to increased levels of electrical energy - unlike conventional fossil and nuclear fuels - no longer being necessarily spatially and temporally consumption-based or correlated with actual consumption or demand or can be produced. This is especially true for wind turbines, since the availability of sufficiently strong and steady winds obviously can not be controlled selectively.

The WO 2013/029 670 A1 describes a method for determining the magnitude of an amount of electrical energy to power chargers for electrically powered vehicles. In this case, a number of electrically driven vehicles located in one area are detected, and by means of this number, the size of a region-specific amount of energy for the provision of at least one charging device in this area is determined. For example, in an area, an amount of energy of 37.5 kWh may be needed if all the vehicles in that area would promptly use a respective charging device to charge their traction batteries. Accordingly, an amount of energy-detecting means reserves this amount of energy for that area, for example, for the next 30 minutes.

From the DE 10 2012 203 121 A1 For example, an energy management system having a network for transmitting electrical energy is known. In it, energy consumption forecasts are created, from which control means determine and implement coupling interventions for network-connected generation devices or control measures for storage systems for system stabilization.

The DE 10 2014 206 381 A1 discloses a control unit for coordinating charging of a plurality of vehicles by a corresponding plurality of charging stations. For this purpose, charging information and network information indicating a target power that is to be removed by the charging processes from an electrical supply network is determined. Based on this, a plurality of charging plans are determined, each of which includes charging power for one of the vehicles with which to charge the battery of the vehicle, a time course of the charging power and a time at which charging is to begin. The loading timetables are transmitted to corresponding charging stations. This is intended to reduce a load on the electrical supply network.

The object of the present invention is to enable an improved use in an electrical supply network of available energy.

This object is achieved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims as well as in the following description and in the drawings.

A method according to the invention serves to improve the utilization in an electrical supply network or distribution network of available electrical energy. In the method, respective charge state data of a respective electrically rechargeable energy store of a plurality of different electric vehicles is transmitted to a central server device. According to the invention, it is provided that respective position data indicating the locations of the electric vehicles are transmitted to the central server device. From the transmitted state of charge data and the transmitted position data, a map is then generated by the central server device in which the respective locations of the electric vehicles are spatially resolved together with a respective state of charge, ie individually.

The electrical supply network can here be, for example, a regional, preferably a nationwide, or even transnational, physical line network for transmitting and distributing electrical energy or electrical power. The supply network may include generating facilities, such as power plants, wind turbines and the like, storage facilities, such as pumped storage and / or other infrastructure and / or switching elements. To the electrical supply network, a plurality of different electrical loads can be connected and / or connected in a conventional manner. In the present case, this includes in particular the Electric vehicles or their rechargeable energy storage, ie batteries, especially traction batteries. The electric vehicles can be connected to a respective vehicle external charging station for energy transfer between the electrical supply network and the energy storage of electric vehicles.

To transmit the position data and the charge state data, the central server device can be connected or connected directly or indirectly by means of one or more respective data connections to the electrical supply network, in particular to the charging stations, and / or to the electric vehicles. The data connection or data transmission for transmitting the position data and / or the charge state data to the central server device can be realized, for example, via the electrical supply network, a completely or partially separate data network, a mobile radio network or the like. The position data, ie the locations of the electric vehicles, can be determined, for example, by means of a satellite-supported position determination system. The charge state data can be determined, for example, by a charge control of the electric vehicles and / or by a respective charge control of the charge stations, in particular measured or read out of the energy stores or a respective battery management system (BMS).

To generate the map, the position data and the charge state data are combined by the central server device, whereby a spatial distribution made by the electric vehicles or their energy storage and provided when connected to the electrical supply network energy and storage capacities made apparent and thus available for other applications, ie is made usable. In the context of the present invention, the map is to be understood in the sense of a map, that is to say a geographical or spatial distribution overview related to the real world. Characterized in that the charge states or state of charge data of the electric vehicles according to their real positions or locations are registered or included in the map, advantageously, an improved resource utilization or distribution can be made possible. Resources in this sense are about a produced and fed into the electrical supply network or feedable electrical energy or power, in the energy storage, ie batteries, electric vehicles already stored electrical energy, a free storage capacity of the batteries of the electric vehicles for receiving additional electrical energy and a thereby, for example, for controlling, regulating and / or stabilizing the electrical supply network usable, control power.

By means of the knowledge generated by the generated map or made available about the current spatial distribution of these resources, for example, production peaks of electrical energy, such as unexpectedly effective wind turbines can be distributed or redirected purposefully into spatial areas in which free storage capacities are provided by the batteries of the electric vehicles or can be provided. Particularly advantageously, the card can not only be statically generated only once, but a change or a time course or a temporal evolution of created at different times such maps can be determined and evaluated. In particular, this temporal development of the card or several corresponding cards, that is to say a corresponding history, can be used profitably, for example, for planning an expansion or adaptation of the electrical supply network, for example for planning corresponding power lines and / or charging stations, since an actual requirement is spatially localized, So spatially resolved, captured in the map or by the map and is particularly vivid and effectively usable.

By continuously or regularly transmitting the state of charge and position data, the map can advantageously be updated at least almost in real time.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention as part of the respective state of charge data stored in the respective energy storage amount of energy and a free storage capacity of the respective energy storage and each vehicle side possible charging and discharging power to the central server device. The possible charging and discharging power indicates the respective electrical power with which the respective energy store is intended to be charged or discharged. By means of this information or information, the charge state data make it possible to determine a central control or regulation of the electrical supply network or a corresponding strategy based on the generated map, which enables improved stability and utilization or load of the electrical supply network in a particularly effective and efficient manner. For example, it can be particularly advantageously avoided that in times and / or areas in which a production or supply of electrical energy beyond a respective current need or consumption, a corresponding excess of electrical energy must be discarded unused. At least some of the charge state data, In particular, a total capacity of the respective energy store and / or the respective vehicle-side charging and discharging power can be transmitted indirectly or implicitly to the central server device or determined by the latter. This can be done, for example, by transmitting an identifier or identification number of the respective electric vehicle. A corresponding database can then be stored in the central server device, in which the technical specifications assigned to the identifiers or identification numbers for the various electric vehicles or their energy stores are stored. As a result, advantageously, a data volume which has to be transmitted from the electric vehicles or the charging stations to the central server device can be reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the state of charge data are transmitted only for each currently connected to a charging station electric vehicles. As the position data, respective fixed locations of the charging stations are used. In other words, only those of the electric vehicles are detected and registered in the map, which are currently actually connected or coupled via the respective charging station to the electrical supply network, with which therefore an energy transfer or an energy exchange is possible. As a result, it is advantageously possible to reduce a data volume required for implementing the method according to the invention to be transmitted. In addition, a relevance and usability of the card can advantageously be improved, since resources entered there are immediately available for the control or regulation of the electrical supply network, that is, they can be used. Since the locations of the charging stations are fixed and known, the reliability and accuracy of the position data can be improved by their use. For example, even individual connection lines with which the charging stations are connected to the electrical supply network can then be known or deposited. In addition, the method can advantageously also be used for such electric vehicles or use the resources or capacities of such electric vehicles that are not set up for determining and / or transmitting their respective position or location data to the central server device.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, several different data sets are generated by the central server device from the transmitted state of charge and position data, in which the transmitted state of charge and position data are combined in different ways for geographical and / or organizational regions of different sizes or levels. Several different zoom levels of the map are then assigned to one of the generated data sets. In other words, the map is thus generated as a dynamic and zoomable map, which can specify different data depending on the zoom level. For example, the state of charge and position data of the individual electric vehicles are specified individually in the map in a highest zoom level. At a lower zoom level, respective total capacities or average capacities of, for example, individual cities, subnetworks of the electrical supply network, federal states or the like of the electric vehicles may be indicated in the map.

The average or total capacities can be determined by averaging or adding the respective sizes of all electric vehicles located in the respective area or area, ie, summarizing the corresponding data for the respective electric vehicles located there. This can apply both to an electrical energy stored in the energy stores of the electric vehicles and to a respective free storage capacity and / or an available charging and / or discharging power and / or the like.

Particularly advantageous, the corresponding areas or areas can be color coded marked in the map. Particularly advantageously, several zoom levels of the map can be combined with each other so that, for example, the state of charge and position of the individual electric vehicles and the area or area averaged or added, ie combined, capacities or resources of several or all corresponding electric vehicles can be indicated. As a result, the card can advantageously be used simultaneously for controlling or controlling the electrical supply network on several different hierarchical levels.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the generated card is transmitted to at least one control device which controls the electrical supply network on the basis of the card. This controller may be part of the central server device. However, the control device may also be, for example, a separate part of the electrical supply network from the central server device. Likewise, the card can be advantageously transmitted to a plurality of such control devices. In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that these multiple control devices consistently control or regulate the electrical supply network based on the same data base, namely based on the same centrally generated map. This can Advantageously, the electrical supply network can be controlled or regulated particularly reliably and efficiently, since a data exchange between the several control devices necessary for the tuning can be advantageously reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention is transmitted for the electric vehicles in each case to the central server device, whether the respective electric vehicle is currently connected to a coupled to the electrical supply network charging station. To intercept demand or consumption peaks of electrical energy in or from the electrical supply network, electrical energy is taken from the energy stores of the connected electric vehicles and fed into the electrical supply network via these charging stations, to which one of the electric vehicles is connected. This is particularly advantageous based on the finding that the energy storage, so the batteries, the electric vehicles provide electrical energy very quickly, so can deliver, especially much faster than, for example, a conventional power plant can be started up or upshifted. Thus, by using the electric vehicles connected to the electrical supply network so the electrical supply network can be stabilized particularly fast and reliable. Furthermore, it is then envisaged that to intercept an overproduction of electrical energy in the electrical supply network, the excess electrical energy is passed on the basis of the map in at least one geographical region in which the connected electric vehicles a below-average charge state (SoC, English: "State of Charge "). In other words, surplus produced electrical energy is redirected or redistributed on the basis of the map so that it can be picked up or taken up by the energy stores, ie batteries, of those electric vehicles which in any case have a particularly high demand or a particularly high free storage capacity. As a result, it is not only possible to use surplus electrical energy for the time being, but also to achieve an advantageously particularly reliably balanced range and usability of all electric vehicles.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention is transmitted as part of the position data or automatically determined based on the position data, whether the respective electric vehicle is parked on a parking space. The electrical supply network is then automatically controlled as a function of a respective parking space associated with typical residence time spent there electric vehicles. In other words, therefore, to control or regulate the electrical supply network is taken into account which of the electric vehicles are currently not used and also a kind of the respective parking space is taken into account. With the type of the respective parking space, so the typical dwell time associated with this parking space, different electrical requirements or load profiles are connected.

For example, a long-term parking space at an airport may be assigned a first typical residence time. A shorter second residence time may for example be assigned to a parking space in an employee parking garage of a company or an office building. An even shorter, third residence time can for example be assigned to a parking space at a charging station of a restaurant, a supermarket or a filling station on a motorway or the like.

Taking into account the parking spaces and their associated typical residence times can advantageously be determined or predicted, for example, an at least expected service life of the respective electric vehicle. Overall, a more flexible control or regulation of the electrical supply network and thus ultimately improved stability of the electrical supply network is made possible so advantageous.

For example, to compensate for a short-term consumption or peak demand electrical energy is preferably retrieved from the energy storage such electric vehicles or withdrawn, ie removed, which are parked on a parking, for example, at least the second or at least the first typical residence time is assigned. This not only improved stability of the electrical supply network, but also a comfort of use, so needs-based availability of electric vehicles can be improved or ensured. Accordingly, for example, for charging the energy storage a charging power for electric vehicles, which are parked in a parking space with, for example, at least the first associated typical residence time can be reduced, especially in periods with a higher than average consumption or demand for electrical energy. In other words, therefore, for example, electric vehicles that are parked in a parking space with a particularly short typical residence time can be supplied with very high charging power, while electric vehicles parked in a long-term parking and are expected to be unused for a long time, automatically with lower charging power be charged to reduce a burden on the electrical supply network.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a respective degree of autonomy of the electric vehicles transmitted to the server device or determined by the server device, for example, based on the transmitted identifier or identification number of the respective motor vehicle and a corresponding database. Of the large number of electric vehicles then those that are set up for a driverless autonomous driving, based on the map automatically pointed to a geographical region in which the electrical supply network in comparison to the respective current location of the autonomous electric vehicles each currently has a higher demand electrical energy, storage capacity and / or control power, as provided by a charging and / or discharging the energy storage of autonomous electric vehicles, has.

In other words, the electric vehicles can therefore be controlled as spatially mobile parts of the electrical supply network and thereby spatially moved as needed in order to use their resources or capacities particularly effective and efficient. As a result, for example, an overload of a regional or local subnetwork of the electrical supply network can be compensated or compensated by one or more electric vehicles autonomously controlled in the geographical or spatial area of this actual or potentially overloaded subnet, so moved and there connected to the electrical supply network or coupled ,

The way of the autonomous, that is, the set up for a driverless autonomous driving, electric vehicles may mean, for example, that a corresponding navigation target and a corresponding control command for autonomous driving to the specified navigation destination is transmitted to the electric vehicles, in particular including an instruction to reach the navigation destination , For example, a target region to connect autonomously and automatically with the electrical supply network, for example, to visit a charging station.

The controlling of the electric vehicles may be performed by the central server device, for example. Likewise, however, for example, the generated map from the central server facilities to a fleet control, which controls a fleet of autonomous electric vehicles, are transmitted.

The mobility and flexibility of the electric vehicles can be used to advantage, for example, to be able to respond to damage to the electrical supply network, an actual or imminent overloading of a distribution device of the electrical supply network or the like particularly promptly and flexibly. While there is additional energy consumption associated with moving the electric vehicles to other geographic regions of the electrical utility network, this disadvantage may be, for example, a more serious advantage, such as the potential for preventing partial failure or breakdown of the electrical utility grid. Likewise, the autonomous electric vehicles can be pointed, for example, in a geographical region in which there is currently no electrical supply, there to enable a short-term, improvised electrical supply or provide.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the card is automatically transmitted to the electric vehicles and / or assigned to these users. In other words, the card is thus provided in the electric vehicles or the respective users or drivers of the electric vehicles. As a result, the electric vehicles or the individual users at an individualized level can advantageously recognize - ie not at the level of an operator of the electrical supply network - where, for example, there is a positive or negative capacity requirement or need for control power for the electrical supply network. Accordingly, for example, the individual user can then move his electric vehicle into the corresponding region and make available there his electric vehicle to a respective operator of the electrical supply network. Thus, advantageously, a flexible market can be created by which an improved stability of the electrical supply network on the one hand and by a corresponding remuneration an incentive for use or procurement of an electric vehicle on the other hand can be achieved. For example, an individual driver may recognize when he can beneficially provide his electric vehicle to the respective electric utility operator to stabilize it, if this is consistent with his own plans, for example, rather than simply parking his electric vehicle unused during a non-useful life. Such a model can, for example, contribute to the refinancing of electric vehicles and thus advantageously promote their spread.

Another aspect of the present invention is a server device having a communication interface for receiving respective charge state data of a respective electrically rechargeable energy store of a plurality of different electric vehicles and receiving respective position data indicating individual locations of the electric vehicles. The communication interface thus forms a connection to a corresponding data network or to a corresponding data connection. According to the invention, the server device is set up to generate a map from the received charge state data and the received position data, in which the respective locations of the electric vehicles are entered spatially resolved together with a respective charge state. In other words, the server device according to the invention is thus set up to carry out or carry out at least one embodiment of the method according to the invention. In particular, the server device according to the invention may be the central server device mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention. The server device according to the invention may comprise at least one data memory and at least one processor device connected thereto. In particular, a program code which represents or codes the method steps of the method according to the invention and which is set up or designed for execution by the at least one processor device can be stored in the data memory.

The invention also includes the combinations of features of the described embodiments of all aspects of the invention.

The invention also includes further developments of the server device according to the invention which have features as described in connection with the developments of the method according to the invention and vice versa. In order to avoid unnecessary redundancy, the corresponding refinements of the server device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are not explicitly described again here.

In the following, embodiments of the invention are described. For this purpose, the single FIGURE shows a schematic overview representation to illustrate a method for improving a usable electrical energy in an electrical supply network by integrating electric vehicles.

The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the described components of the embodiments each represent individual features of the invention, which are to be considered independently of one another, which each further develop the invention independently of one another and thus also individually or in a different combination than the one shown as part of the invention. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.

The single FIGURE shows a schematic overview representation for illustrating a method for improving the use of electrical energy that can be provided in an electrical supply network.

In the present case is an electric vehicle 1 with a rechargeable electric energy storage in the form of a traction battery 2 shown. The electric vehicle 1 is exemplary here and representative of a variety of corresponding electric vehicles 1 , The electric vehicles 1 are naturally highly mobile and, accordingly, are also a respective geographical position and a respective state of charge of the traction batteries 2 changeable, in contrast to fixed components of the electrical supply network. Accordingly, for example, renewable energy production facilities are not permanently close to electrical consumers, such as electric vehicles 1 , The same applies to times or periods in which the electrical energy is generated and demanded. Against this background, a reliable and stable control or regulation of production, storage and consumption of electrical energy, ie an operation of the electrical supply network and associated infrastructure is problematic.

In order to achieve an improvement here, it is provided that respective charge state data and position data of the electric vehicles 1 from a central server 4 be recorded. These can be the electric vehicles 1 their respective state of charge and position data, for example, continuously or regularly via a corresponding data connection to the central server 4 to transfer. This can be directly or indirectly, for example, by switching through a schematically indicated charging and communication device 3 respectively. At the charging and communication device 3 For example, it can be at least part of a mobile radio network and / or a respective charging station to which a respective one of the electric vehicles 1 connected, act.

The most of the variety of electric vehicles 1 transmitted or for this variety of electric vehicles 1 detected charge status data and position data are from the central server 4 summarized and processed. Specifically, the central server generates or generates 4 from the transmitted or recorded state of charge data and position data, a map 5 in which the respective locations of electric vehicles 1 registered spatially resolved together with their respective state of charge. The map 5 So there is a current spatial distribution of by the electric vehicles 1 provided or deployable electrical resources, which can be used to control, regulate and stabilize the electrical supply network.

In the map 5 Here are some examples of local information 6 entered. With these local details 6 may vary depending on the zoom level of the map 5 at respective locations of each of the electric vehicles 1 and / or aggregated or averaged data for all of the electric vehicles, for example, in individual urban areas. Additionally are in the map 5 for example, several larger regions 7 characterized. Both the local information 6 as well as the regions 7 are here color-coded with regard to availability or distribution of electrical energy, in particular with regard to the state of charge of each of the electric vehicles located there 1 , This is in the present case by a legend 8th illustrating a scale or assignment for the respective states of charge between 100% and less than 10%.

In the present example lies in a first region 9 a mean state of charge of the electric vehicles located there 1 between 75% and 100%. In a second region 10 is the average state of charge of the electric vehicles located there 1 between 0% and 25%. In a third region 11 is the average state of charge of the electric vehicles located there 1 between 25% and 50%. In a fourth region 12 is the average state of charge of the electric vehicles located there 1 between 50% and 75%.

Based on the map 5 becomes the electrical supply network 5 or the distribution or diversion of electrical energy in or controlled by the electrical supply network, wherein the electric vehicles 1 depending on their respective state of charge and their respective position data, so their respective location, are involved in the electrical supply system or in its control or stabilization. By using the resources of electric vehicles 1 Advantageously, more efficient use of generated electrical energy and improved control of the electrical supply network can be achieved.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2013029670 A1 [0003]
• DE 102012203121 A1 [0004]
• DE 102014206381 A1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Method for improving the use of electrical energy that can be provided in an electrical supply network, in which - respective charge state data of a respective electrically rechargeable energy store (2) is transmitted to a plurality of different electric vehicles (1) to a central server device (4), characterized in that - respective position data indicating the locations (6) of the electric vehicles (1) to the central server device (4), and - generating a map (5) from the transmitted state of charge data and the transmitted position data from the central server device (4) the respective locations (6) of the electric vehicles (1) are registered spatially resolved together with a respective state of charge. Method according to Claim 1 , Characterized in that as part of the respective state of charge data stored in the respective energy storage (2) amount of energy and a free storage capacity of the energy storage device (2) and a respective vehicle side possible charging and discharging, with which the respective energy storage (2) as intended rechargeable or is dischargeable, be transmitted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charge state data are transmitted only for each momentarily at a charging station (3) connected electric vehicles (1) and used as the position data, the fixed locations of the charging stations (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of different data records are generated by the central server device (4) from the transmitted state of charge and position data, in which the transmitted state of charge and position data are displayed in different ways for geographical and / or organizational regions ( 6, 7) of different sizes are summarized and a plurality of different zoom levels of the card (5) each one of the generated data sets is assigned. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generated card (5) is transmitted to at least one control device which controls the electrical supply network on the basis of the card (5). Method according to Claim 5 Characterized in that - shall be forwarded for the electric vehicles (1) each to the central server means (4) whether the respective electric vehicle (1) is currently connected to a device coupled to the electrical power supply charging station (3), and - for intercepting Demand peaks via the charging stations (3) electrical energy is taken from the energy stores (2) of the connected electric vehicles (1) and fed into the electrical supply network, and - to intercept an overproduction of electrical energy in the electrical supply network the excess electrical energy based on the map (5) is directed into at least one geographic region in which the connected electric vehicles (1) have a below-average state of charge. Method according to one of Claims 5 and 6 , Characterized in that - transmitted as part of the position data or automatically determined on the basis of the position data, whether the respective electric vehicle (1) is parked on a parking space, and - The electrical supply network automatically depending on a the respective parking space associated typical residence time off there Electric vehicles (1) is controlled. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a respective degree of autonomy of the electric vehicles (1) is transmitted to the central server device (4) and of the plurality of electric vehicles (1) which are set up for driverless autonomous driving on the basis of the map (5) are automatically shown in a geographical region in which the electrical supply network compared to the respective current location (6) of the autonomous electric vehicles (1) each currently have a higher demand for electrical energy, storage capacity and / or control power, such it is provided by the energy storage device (2) of the autonomous electric vehicles (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the card (5) is automatically transmitted to the electric vehicles (1) and / or assigned to this user. Server device (4) having a communication interface for receiving respective charge state data of a respective electrically rechargeable energy store (2) of a plurality of different electric vehicles (1) and for receiving respective position data indicating individual locations (6) of the electric vehicles (1) via a data network , characterized in that the server device (4) is adapted to generate from the received state of charge data and the received position data, a card (5), in which the respective locations (6) of Electric vehicles (1) are registered spatially resolved together with a respective state of charge.

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