DE102018203114A1 - component composite - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a component assembly having at least one first joining partner (1) and a second joining partner (3) which are in pressure contact with one another via a contact force (F _A ), in particular with the interposition of an adhesive layer (2), wherein the second joining partner (3) a bistable spring section (5) which can be transferred from a preassembled state (V) into a final assembly state (E) when a second joining partner (3) is not yet joined while applying an actuating force (F _B ), wherein during the joining of the two joining partners (1, 3) of the first joining partner (1) by means of the actuating force (F _B ) in the direction of its final assembly state (E) is in the pre-assembly (V) located bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3), and wherein the first joining partner (1 ) via a driver (7) with the bistable spring portion (5) of the second joining partner (3) is motion-coupled, so that when transferring the bistable Federabs Chnitts (5) from the pre-assembly state (V) towards final assembly state (E) of the first joining partner (1) from the bistable spring section (5) under construction of the contact force (F _A ) against the second joining partner (3) is pulled in pressure system. According to the invention, the driver (7) is a rear detent element (7) formed on the first joining partner (1) and cooperating with a detent opening (13) formed in the bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3). The rear detent element (7) can be brought into latching connection with the detent opening (13) in the joining direction.

Description

The invention relates to a composite component with at least two joining partners according to claim 1.

The joining of body components is often done in the vehicle manufacturing plant using adhesive technology. This has a number of advantages, namely a homogeneous force transmission between the bonded joining partners, a homogeneous stress distribution (important for stress-sensitive high-performance materials) and a structure-stiffening effect. Furthermore, the electrical insulation effect between the joining partners reduces contact-induced corrosion processes. The sealing of the joint by means of the adhesive layer also prevents the penetration of electrolytes and thus also impedes corrosion processes. In addition, there is an acoustic damping effect and no joint-related heat input, that is, it can be joined thin-walled or heat-sensitive components.

As a rule, recourse is made to thermosetting adhesives in body construction. These adhesives cure completely only during the KTL passage of the body. Gluing is considered a high-quality and extremely favorable joining process.

An even more extensive use of adhesive technology in body construction is hampered by the difficult predictability of the adhesive bonds. This is due in particular to the fact that frequently so-called meanders spread in the adhesive bond. This refers to air pockets in the adhesive bond, which arise by a relative lifting of the joining partners to each other during the setting of the adhesive. The formation of such meanders can not be determined non-destructively in practice.

In order to inhibit this meandering, in addition to the bonding technique, other joining methods such as resistance spot welding are frequently used. The use of these combined joining methods is in practice but not everywhere possible - this is due for example to a limited accessibility of the joint, complex material and sheet thickness pairings or similar boundary conditions.

In addition, the use of these combined joining processes costs time and space in the production and thus stands in the way of the desire for a lean manufacturing with short cycle times.

From the DE 20 2014 102 388 U1 is a generic component composite known. This has a first joining partner and a second joint partner. In the assembly position, the two joining partners are in pressure to each other via a contact force. The second joining partner has a bistable spring section, which can be converted into a final assembly state by applying an actuating force from a pre-assembly state. When assembling the two joining partners, the bistable spring section of the second joining partner located in the pre-assembled state is transferred from the first joining partner in the direction of its final assembly state.

The first joint partner is coupled in motion via a driver with the bistable spring portion of the second joining partner. This means that when transferring the bistable spring section of the second joining partner from the preassembled state in the direction of the final assembly state, the two joining partners are drawn toward one another by building up the contact pressure.

In the DE 20 2014 102 388 U1 is the driver with which the first joining partner is connected to the bistable spring portion of the second joining partner, a screw with which the first joining partner is tightened on the bistable spring portion of the second joining partner.

The object of the invention is to provide a component composite, which has a reduced component complexity compared to the prior art, is easy to produce and has a high connection strength.

The object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

According to the characterizing part of claim 1, the driver is a first mating partner integrally formed Hinterrastelement which cooperates with a formed in the bistable spring portion of the second joining partner detent opening. The rear latching element can be brought into latching connection with the latching opening in the joining direction.

The invention can generally be applied when sheet metal parts are joined together as joining partners. In the second joining partner special bumps (that is, bistable spring sections) can be introduced at suitable locations. These bumps are reshaped to have two stable states (bistable bump). If you press these bumps against their formation direction, they fold in the other state. The generation of such bumps is known from the prior art and not part of the present invention. In these bumps a suitable recess (that is, latching opening) is centrally introduced.

On the first joining partner, the rear locking elements are applied at suitable locations, whereby common joining methods such as gluing, resistance or spot welding are used.

The joining process generally consists of the following steps: First, at least one of the joining partners is wetted flat with adhesive. The joining partners are then fed orthogonally to one another using a handling device (robot) so that the rear locking elements of the first joining partner strike the recesses (that is, latching openings) of the hides of the second joining partner. The handling device continues to guide the two joining partners towards one another until the rear locking elements engage behind in the recesses of the bulges.

As the process progresses, the handling device continues to feed the two joining partners even further until the joining partners touch each other. Now, the handling device moves force-controlled further in the joining direction: The force exerted on the bulges force increases until they yield and turn into their second state. After folding, the bumps pull the already back-engaged first joining partner in joining direction and thus cause a contact force between the two to be bonded joining partners (such as sheets).

By generating the contact force described above, a lifting of the joining partners is effectively prevented and prevented the meandering. The process reliability of the glued joints is increased, their predictability is simplified, thus widening the scope of application of adhesive technology in body construction.

In addition, the previously required auxiliary joining methods (for example, resistance spot welding) in body construction become superfluous, which results in a saving of time and space in production.

Furthermore, the testability is significantly simplified, since the position of the bumps (broken or not broken through) can be easily recognized optically. In addition, the turning of each individual bulge in a drop in force on the handling device (robot) makes noticeable. If this force profile is monitored by means of a load cell on the robot, the testability of the joining process is again improved.

With regard to the adhesive application, the following should be emphasized: At least one of the two joining partners must be wetted with adhesive. In this case, either one-component or two-component adhesives can be used.

The joining partners are supplied to one another during the joining process until the rear locking elements of the first joining partner touch the recesses in the bulges of the second joining partner. The feeding takes place by means of a handling device.

The at least one rear locking element can be realized in different embodiments: By way of example, the rear locking element can be a sheet metal part, which is produced, for example, by means of stamped bending and then glued or welded onto the first joining partner. Alternatively, the rear locking element may be a plastic part, which is produced approximately by die casting and then glued to the first joining partner. The rear latching element may also be a wire applied to the first joining partner by means of CMT welding, the shape of which has been changed by subsequent forming such that it has a latching effect. Furthermore, the rear locking element may be a formed as an integral part of the first joining partner sheet metal tab, which is produced by separation and forming processes. Optionally, the rear locking element may also be an injection molded part made of aluminum, which is applied by means of friction or resistance welding on the first joining partner, or a turned or forged part made of steel, which is applied by friction or resistance welding on the first joining partner.

Characteristic of such Hinterrastelemente is in particular at least one approximately perpendicular to the joining direction surface and at least one wedge-shaped pointing in the joining direction deformation region. The rear locking as such is a common joining method and will not be explained in detail here.

When the rear locking elements are engaged in the rear, a force is generated on the bulge of the second joining partner. When designing the bump or the rear latching elements, care must be taken that this force does not become so high that it would cause the bump to turn over.

Dimensional deviations of the components or in the feed can lead to the fact that the rear locking elements do not strike exactly the recesses provided for them. In order nevertheless to ensure a rear locking, it is proposed in a variant of the present idea to form the recess in a funnel shape. Such a funnel-shaped recess is easy to manufacture manufacturing technology, such as when the recess is stamped and is paid attention to a correspondingly high gap between the punch and die.

As mentioned above, the two joining partners are initially supplied to one another in the joining process until they touch each other directly. In the further course of the joining process, the first joining partner exerts a force on the bulge of the second joining partner, which increases with increasing supply.

If this force exceeds a critical level, the bump (ie bistable spring section) of the second joining partner beats over into its second equilibrium state due to its bistable character. She pulls the rear catch and thus the first joining partner in the joining direction. For the first time, the first joining partner has now made contact with the adhesive (provided that the adhesive was only applied to the second joining partner). The force generated between the two joining partners distributes the adhesive evenly. Withdrawal phenomena do not occur, meanderings do not occur.

The exact geometry of the bulge depends in particular on the material and the sheet thickness of the second joining partner. In general, it must be ensured that, in the context of the transfer of the state of the bump, no plastification occurs in the bump, because such a plasticization results in a reduction in process safety. If such a plastification can be ruled out, a bump symmetrical to the original bump will be produced in the opposite direction after the bump has been turned over. The height of the bump is usually between 5mm and 15mm in practice. The distance between the root of the rear locking element to the deformation region is in practice usually between 6mm and 18mm. This length is usually slightly larger than the buckling height of each bump.

In the following, further aspects of the invention are described in detail: Thus, the rear locking element can be formed with an element shaft, at the free end of a locking contour is present. The element shaft may preferably be guided with perforated clearance through the latching opening of the bistable spring section of the second joining partner. In contrast, the latching contour formed on the free end of the shaft can overlap the latching opening transversely with respect to the joining direction and be correspondingly larger than the latching opening cross-section. In order to ensure a smooth assembly of the two joining partners, it is preferred if the locking contour is designed to be elastically yielding. In this way, it is ensured that the latching contour can be passed under elastically yielding cross-section reduction through the latching opening of the bistable spring portion of the second joining partner.

The first joining partner may preferably have an actuating contour which applies the abovementioned actuating force to the bistable spring section of the second joining partner still in the preassembled state during the joining process.

The latching contour of the rear-locking element formed on the first joining partner can, viewed in the joining direction, be spaced over a latching height from the actuating contour of the first joining partner. In a first embodiment variant, the latching height can correspond approximately to the material thickness of the second joining partner. Alternatively, the locking height can be sized to a free joining game larger than the material thickness of the second joining partner. In this case, the folding process occurring during the folding of the bistable spring portion of the pre-assembly in the direction of final assembly state can initially take advantage of this free joint gap, namely motion-decoupled from the rear detent element of the first joining partner. In this case, the movement coupling between the two joining partners required for the printing system can only be set after the free joining gap has been exhausted.

A perfect pressing force in the assembled state of the two joint partners is of considerable importance for the quality of the joint joining together. Against this background, it is preferable if the bistable spring section of the second joining partner (in a separate position separate from the first joining partner) changes over its deformation path from its stable pre-assembly state into its stable final assembly state. This deformation path is preferably dimensioned larger than the above-mentioned free joint gap, which is available to the bistable spring section of the second joining partner in the assembly situation for transferring from the pre-assembly state in the direction of the final assembly state.

In the component composite according to the invention, the two joining partners may preferably be flat sheet metal components.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying figures.

• 1 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung einen Bauteilverbund aus zwei Fügepartnern, die beide als flächige Blech-Bauteile realisiert sind;
• 2 der zweite Fügepartner mit darin ausgebildetem bistabilen Federabschnitt in Alleinstellung;
• 3 bis 7 jeweils Ansichten entsprechend der 1, anhand derer ein Fügevorgang zur Herstellung des in der 1 gezeigten Bauteilverbunds beschrieben ist; und
• 8 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Ansicht entsprechend der 3.

Show it:

• 1 in a schematic sectional view of a component composite of two joining partners, both of which are realized as a sheet-metal plate components;
• 2 the second joint partner with trained therein bistable spring section in isolation;
• 3 to 7 each views according to the 1 , on the basis of which a joining process to Production of in the 1 described component composite is described; and
• 8th a second embodiment in a view corresponding to 3 ,

In the 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of a composite component shown in which as the first joining partner an upper sheet metal part 1 and as a second joining partner a lower sheet metal part 3 with the interposition of an adhesive layer 2 are in adhesive bonding. The composite component can be an example of a component of a vehicle body, which is subjected to a completed KTL process after the assembly, in which a dip painting is applied to the vehicle body, which is then thermally cured in a KTL furnace. The in the 1 shown adhesive layer 2 can also be cured after completion of assembly of the vehicle body only in KTL oven.

Like in the 1 is shown, the second joining partner 3 a bistable spring section 5 up, with one at the first joining partner 1 trained rear catch 7 interacts and thereby the first joining partner 1 with a contact pressure F _A against the lower second joint partner 3 draws. The rear catch element 7 works in the 1 as a Hilfsfügeelement, the so-called meandering in the uncured adhesive layer 2 counteracts and thereby a process-hardening of the in the 1 shown adhesive layer in the KTL furnace allows.

According to the 1 has the rear catch 7 a cross-section reduced elementary shaft 9 on, the foot on the first joint partner 1 is tailed and at its free end a catch contour 11 (indicated in the figures by the arrow shape). The elementary system 9 interspersed in the 1 a cross-sectional larger latching opening 13 , which are directly at a vertex of the bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 is formed, with a hole play I , In contrast, engages the catch contour 11 of the rear catch element 7 the opening edge of the bistable spring section 5 trained detent opening 13 , In the 1 exercises the bistable spring section 5 under construction of the above-mentioned contact force F _A a downward spring preload on the underside of the locking contour 11 of the rear catch element 7 of the first joining partner 1 out. The bistable spring section 5 is from his pre-assembly state V ( 2 ) towards his in the 1 indicated by dashed lines final assembly state E adjusted.

In the 2 is the second joining partner 3 in isolation separately from the first joint partner 1 shown. The bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 can be exemplified as a closed-surface, dome-shaped shape in the second joining partner 3 be embossed to achieve a so-called spring bump effect. As a result, the bistable spring portion 5 by applying an actuating force F _B from his in the 2 Solid pre-assembled state shown by solid line V in a likewise stable final assembly state e (in the 2 dashed lines shown), whereby the bistable spring portion at its central vertex to a deformation path d transverse to the sheet metal base surface of the second joining partner 3 adjusted.

The following is based on the 3 to 7 A joining process explains: During the joining process, the two join partners are first of all 1 . 3 in the 3 centered on each other and aligned plane-parallel. On a first joint partner 1 facing side is adjacent to the bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 the adhesive layer 2 applied. Subsequently, the two still separate joining partners 1 . 3 moved toward each other in a joining direction, whereby the locking contour 11 under elastic deformation by the latching opening 13 in the bistable spring section 5 to be led ( 4 ). For this purpose, the catch contour 11 designed elastically yielding to the cross-section smaller detent opening 13 of the bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 to be led.

The required joining force is designed so that it does not lead to a premature turning of the bistable spring section 5 from his in the 3 and 4 pre-assembly state shown V in its final assembly state e comes.

After overcoming the detent opening 13 returns the elastic locking contour 11 back to her arrow-shaped starting position ( 5 ). In the course of the joining process, the two join partners 1 . 3 further supplied to each other until the apex portion of the bistable spring portion 5 in touch with the first joint partner 1 comes ( 6 ). The contact surface 15 ( 3 or 6 ) of the first joining partner 1 acts in this case as an actuating contour, by means of which the above-mentioned actuating force F _B ( 2 ) on the bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 is exercised.

Like from the 5 shows, the arrow-shaped locking contour 11 via a latching height r of the actuating contour 15 spaced. The pawl height r is a later-described free joining game f ( 5 or 6 ) greater than a sheet thickness b of the second joining partner 2 ,

After exercising the operating force F _B from the first joint partner 1 on the bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 ( 6 ) beats the bistable spring section 5 from his the preinstallation V ( 6 ) towards its final assembly state e ( 2 ), while consuming the free joint gap f , As a result, the umschlagbare bistable spring section 5 of the second joining partner 3 with a spring bias against the locking contour underside of Hinterrastelelements 7 of the first joining partner 1 pressed ( 7 ). By turning towards his final assembly position e is therefore the bistable spring section 5 with the rear catch 7 of the first joining partner 1 motion decoupled, so that the first joining partner 1 in pressure contact with the second joint partner 3 is pulled.

To ensure the above process, the deformation path d is between the pre-assembly state V and the final assembly state ( 2 ) is larger than the free joint gap f , the bistable spring section 5 for transferring from the pre-assembly state V towards the final assembly state e is available. In this way, it is ensured that in the case of a joined composite component ( 1 or 7 ) the rear catch element 7 permanently with one towards the final assembly state e directed spring force is applied.

The following is based on the 8th a second embodiment described, the basic structure and operation of which are largely identical to the preceding embodiment. In contrast to the preceding embodiment is in the 8th the detent opening 13 formed with a passage in which a Rastöffnungskante to form a funnel-shaped tapered insertion region for the rear locking element 7 is pulled up in the joining direction of the adjacent sheet metal circumference. In this way it is ensured that a slight transverse misalignment Ax between the first and second joint partners 1 . 3 is balanced and still the auxiliary catch element 7 of the first joining partner 1 during the joining process with respect to the latching opening 13 of the second joining partner 3 is centered.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202014102388 U1 [0007, 0009]

Claims (7)

Component composite with at least one first joining partner (1) and a second joining partner (3), which are in pressure contact with one another via a contact force (F _A ), in particular with the interposition of an adhesive layer (2), wherein the second joining partner (3) has a bistable spring section (3). , 5) of the (at a non gefügtem second joining partner 3) under application of an operating force (F _B) (from a pre-assembly V) (in a final assembly condition e) can be transferred, wherein, in the joining of the two joint partners (1, 3) of the Pre-assembly (V) located bistable spring portion (5) of the second joining partner (3) from the first joining partner (1) by means of the actuating force (F _B ) in the direction of its final assembly state (E) is transferred, and wherein the first joining partner (1) via a driver (7) is coupled for movement with the bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3), so that during the transfer of the bistable spring section (5) from Vormontagezus tand (V) in the direction of final assembly state (E) of the first joint partner (1) from the bistable spring section (5) under construction of the contact force (F _A ) against the second joining partner (3) is pulled in pressure system, characterized in that the driver (7 ) is a rear-locking element (7) formed on the first joining partner (1), which cooperates with a latching opening (13) formed in the bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3), and in that the rear latching element (7) is in latching connection in the joining direction the latching opening (13) can be brought. Component group after Claim 1 , characterized in that the rear detent element (7) has a perforated clearance (I) through the detent opening (13) of the bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3) feasible element shaft (9), at the free end of a detent opening (13 ) transverse to the joining direction (F) cross-detent contour (11) is formed. Component group after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first joining partner (1) has an actuating contour (15) which applies the actuating force (F _B ) to the bistable spring section (5) of the second joining partner (3) still in the pre-assembly state (V) during the joining process. Component group after Claim 3 , characterized in that the latching contour (11) of the rear latching element (7), viewed in the joining direction, is spaced from the actuating contour (15) by a latching height (r), and in that the latching height (r) is a free mating clearance (f). greater than a material thickness (b) of the second joining partner (3), so that the folding process of the bistable spring section (5) from the pre-assembly state (V) in the direction of the final assembly state (E) first by exhausting the free joining gap (f) takes place, namely motion-decoupled from the rear detent element (7) of the first joining partner (1), and that the movement coupling between the turning bistable spring portion (5) and the detent contour (11) of the rear detent element (7) only after exhaustion of the free joining gap (f) generated becomes. Component assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a separate from the first joining partner (1) the bistable spring portion (5) of the second joining partner (3) via a deformation path (d) from its pre-assembly state (V) in its final assembly state (E ), and in particular that the deformation path (d) is dimensioned to be greater than the free joint gap (f) which is available to the bistable spring section (5) for switching from the pre-assembly state (V) in the direction of the final assembly state (E). Component composite according to one of Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that in the bistable spring portion (5) of the second joining partner (3) formed detent opening (13) has a passage in which a Rastöffnungskante is pulled up to form a conically or funnel-shaped tapered insertion region for the rear detent element (7) in the joining direction , Component assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two joining partners (1, 3) are sheet-metal sheet-metal components.

Images