DE102016123739A1 - Granules for storing heat and a method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a granules for storing heat in walls revealed. The granulate comprises: a recycled breaker material (110) which is a composite of various building materials (111, 112, 113) and has a porous structure (115); and a phase change material (120) that at least partially fills and forms the porous structure (115) to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase and to store the heat as latent heat, wherein a pore size of the porous structure and the Phase change material (120) are formed to at least partially hold the phase change material (120) in the liquid phase in the porous structure (115).

Description

The present invention relates to granules for storing heat and a method for producing a heat-storing granules, and more particularly to a thermal energy storage granules of recycled aggregates.

background

Every year, several million tonnes of construction waste accumulate, which can be converted into crushed materials by special treatment measures and, in some cases, recycled into the recycling loop as recycled aggregates (fractions) in the form of fillers. In addition, as part of the total construction waste accumulates a considerable proportion of crushed sand, which is almost no application according to the prior art and is deposited directly. Only small quantities of, for example, a maximum of 2% by mass may be added to the recycled materials. For this reason, the material is stored on large areas and can currently not be used satisfactorily. Apart from that, the storage costs high costs as landfill costs.

In addition to the crushed sand, millions of tons of aerated concrete are also produced each year. Only small amounts of it can be reused, for example in the form of cat litter or oil binder. Due to the lack of applications for recycled aerated concrete recycling companies take only a fraction of the accumulating quantities in their assortment. Producing companies keep the largest quantities themselves in landfills and thus increasingly provide for an increase in the area claim.

In addition, the open pore space has regularly led to problems in the past in the context of the use of crushed sand and, in particular, aerated concrete fracture in recycled building materials. The very large pore space causes on the one hand a reduction in strength and on the other hand, aerated concrete has a strong capillary suction. This leads to a reduction in the durability and to a poorer processability of the corresponding building material.

Thus, large amounts of landfill waste remained unused and there is therefore a need to use this rubble meaningful.

Summary

At least part of the above problems are solved by a granulate according to claim 1 and a process for its preparation according to claim 11. The dependent claims define advantageous developments of the claimed objects.

The present invention relates to granules for storing heat in walls. The granulate comprises a recycled breaker material and a phase change material (PCM). The recycled breaker material comprises a composite of various building materials and has a porous structure. The phase change material at least partially fills the porous structure and is configured to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase, thus storing the heat as latent heat. A pore size of the porous structure and the phase change material are formed to at least partially hold the phase change material also in the liquid phase in the porous structure.

For the purposes of the present invention, any solid which can be poured is to be understood as granules or recycled granules. Typically, the (recycled) granules will comprise as a composite multiple areas or rock-shaped parts of various sizes and shapes. The porous structure in the building material, for example, is designed to generate sufficiently large capillary forces for the phase change material and thus to keep the phase change material in the porous structure as completely as possible. It is understood that this is also a limitation on the phase change material, which should have a viscosity in the liquid phase, which prevents or at least largely mitigates a flow out of the phase change material from the porous structure.

Therefore, embodiments solve at least some of the above problems by using the porous structure of the building material to introduce phase change material, thereby achieving improved heat storage capability - not only of the granules - but also of walls made at least partially from the granules.

In further embodiments, the composite or recycled fracture material comprises at least one or more of the following components: concrete, aerated concrete, bricks, cement, mortar, rocks, adhesive, crushed sand. In particular, the composite has more than two different components, each of which may be present in a piece of granules. In addition, the components can form regions in the composite which have different sizes and / or different structures and are distributed in an inhomogeneous manner. It is not necessary that all components of the recycled Breaking material having the porous structure, as long as at least some components are porous.

For example, in embodiments, the porous structure comprises a porosity of 40 to 80 vol% (or 50 to 70 vol%). Optionally, a proportion of the phase change material in the porous structure may range between 8 and 60 mass% (or between 10 and 20 mass%).

The melting temperature and / or solidification temperature (freezing point) of the phase change material may be at a same temperature - but need not necessarily be the same temperature. Ideally, however, the hysteresis at the transition between the liquid and the solid form is as small as possible in order to minimize losses. Therefore, the melting temperature and the solidification temperature are in a range of 5 ° C to 45 ° C, for example. Optionally, a difference between both temperatures may be a maximum of 5 ° C or 3 ° C. In particular, the melting temperature and the solidification temperature may be between 20 ° C and 25 ° C in order to keep a typical room temperature as constant as possible by the phase transitions taking place. The phase change material causes a desired room temperature to be exceeded only after prolonged exposure to heat, which is maintained due to the stored latent heat even when the external heat radiation decreases (e.g., during the night).

The properties mentioned can be achieved, for example, by virtue of the phase change material comprising an organic material. Optionally, it may be paraffin-based or fat-based.

The present invention also relates to a wall having at least one area having a previously defined granule. For example, the granules may be bonded in a surface area of the wall (eg, by means of a binder), wherein the granulate-containing wall area may have, for example, a thickness perpendicular to the wall of at least 1 cm and / or perpendicular to the wall over at least 10% or at least 30 % or over at least 60% of the total wall thickness and / or may have a varying granule density. For example, on a wall surface (outside or inside) there may be a very high concentration of the granules, which slowly decreases towards the center of the wall. Around the center of the wall, for example, can be an area that serves above all the carrying capacity, where little or no granules is present. But it can also be formed more exactly the reverse case, i. the interior is used for heat storage (i.e., represents the granulate-containing wall area) and the out-of-area ensures the load capacity.

The wall may be an outer wall or an inner wall. When using the granules for an inner wall, for example, the inner wall can be made more or less completely from the granules (for example, using the binder). For example, in the case of an outer wall, the granules may only be present in one edge region. In a central area, a building material can be used, which ensures the necessary carrying capacity of the wall as a load-bearing component. However, it is also possible for a cavity area in the wall to be filled by the granules, wherein the outer wall areas provide the desired carrying capacity of the wall.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a heat-storing granule. The method comprises the steps of providing a recycled fracture material that is a composite of various building materials and having a porous structure, and introducing a phase change material into the porous structure using capillary forces. The phase change material is designed to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase and to store the heat as latent heat, wherein a pore size of the porous structure and the phase change material are again adapted so that the phase change material in the liquid phase in the porous structure is at least partially held.

Optionally, the introducing step comprises the steps of: dropping the recycled breakage matrix with the phase change material, and then dipping the recycled breakage material into the phase change material. In addition, the method includes removing remnants of phase change material at a surface of the recycled fracture material. Optionally, this can be done by grinding the granules at a temperature below the melting temperature of the phase change material.

Dropping the recycled fracture material with the phase change material causes the fracture material to become partially wetted with the phase change material without filling or occluding the cavities. For this purpose, the phase change material can be brought into the liquid phase. This has the advantage that the subsequent immersion can lead to a filling of the porous structure. For example, if the dripping is not performed, immediate dipping may cause the edge region of the porous structure to become completely sealed with the phase change material and that in the porous structure Existing air can no longer escape, so that there is only an insufficient filling with phase change material.

Optionally, the step of introducing may also include spraying the break material with phase change material, resulting in progressive saturation of the fracture material.

Optionally, the debris removal step comprises mixing the phase change material filled recycled breaker material with a crushing sand (eg in a mill or mixer) so that at least one surface area of the recycled fracture material is freed from the phase change material and the released phase change material is taken up by the crushing sand ,

Optionally, the introduction of the phase change material is at least partially carried out at a negative pressure. This initially reduces the amount of air in the porous structure, so that potential air pockets are smaller (at a subsequent normal pressure). In addition, the negative pressure causes the phase change material to be pressed into or sucked into the granules by the increase in pressure after the pressure is subsequently increased (for example to normal air pressure). In any case, so the remaining air pockets can be minimized.

1. 1. Es ergeben sich neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Brechsand und Porenbetonbruch, die bisher weitestgehend auf Deponien gelagert werden. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass diese Kombination ein erhebliches Potenzial an Wärmespeicherfähigkeit aufweist. Bisher auf Deponien verbrachter Bauschutt kann daher sinnvoll eingesetzt werden, wobei entsprechend angepasste Brechtechniken, PCM-Befüllungen, Nachbehandlungen und Verpackungen der PCM-Rezyklate in abgestuften Gebindegrößen verwendet werden können.
2. 2. Der offene Porenraum sorgte beim Einsatz im Betonbau in der Vergangenheit regelmäßig für Probleme, da der sehr große Porenraum zu einer Festigkeitsreduktion führt und andererseits ein starkes kapillares Saugvermögen in den konventionellen Rezyklaten verursachte, was die Dauerhaftigkeit verminderte und eine schlechte Verarbeitbarkeit des Frischbetons nach sich zog. Ausführungsbeispiele nutzen diese Nachteile in vorteilhafter Weise, indem der genannte Porenraum mit nicht verkapseltem PCM gefüllt wird.
3. 3. Phasenwechselmaterialien sind in der Lage, durch den Wechsel ihres Aggregatzustandes (beispielsweise zwischen dem Festen zu dem Flüssigen) eine um ein Vielfaches größere Menge an Wärmeenergie zu speichern, als dies für klassische Baustoffe der Fall ist. Daher können Ausführungsbeispiele das Wärmespeichergranulat aus rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung als Zuschlagmaterial für Beton, Mörtel oder Putzsysteme zur Speicherung von Wärmeenergie nutzen.
4. 4. Die Nutzung der Porenräume und deren Verschluss durch das PCM führt außer zu einer Erhöhung der Wärmespeicherkapazität auch zu einer Verringerung oder Verhinderung des starken Wassersaugens. Auf diese Weise wird ein anfänglicher Nachteil in einen großen Vorteil auf sehr effiziente Weise umgekehrt.

Embodiments of the present invention offer the following advantages:

1. 1. There are new applications of crushed sand and aerated concrete fracture, which are currently stored as far as possible in landfills. Experiments have shown that this combination has a considerable potential for heat storage capacity. Building waste so far dumped can therefore be usefully used, whereby suitably adapted breaking techniques, PCM fillings, post-treatments and packaging of PCM recyclates in graded container sizes can be used.
2. 2. The open pore space has been a regular problem in concrete use in the past because the very large pore space leads to a reduction in strength and on the other hand causes a strong capillary suction in the conventional recyclates, which reduces the durability and poor processability of the fresh concrete moved. Embodiments exploit these disadvantages in an advantageous manner by filling said pore space with non-encapsulated PCM.
3. 3. Phase change materials are able to store a much larger amount of heat energy by changing their state of aggregation (for example, between the solid to the liquid) than is the case for classical building materials. Therefore, embodiments may use the heat storage granules of recycled aggregate as aggregate material for concrete, mortar or plaster systems for storing heat energy.
4. 4. The use of the pore spaces and their closure by the PCM leads, in addition to an increase in the heat storage capacity, to a reduction or prevention of the strong water suction. In this way, an initial disadvantage is turned into a big advantage in a very efficient way.

The advantages, however, not only concern a sensible use of previously dumped building rubble, but also an efficient and flexibly usable heat storage capacity. For example, known systems for heat storage in construction are based on salt-hydrate metal bags, which can be introduced, for example, on ventilated false ceilings of a reinforced concrete construction in order to achieve heat storage effects. These are passive systems, which are mainly used for heating, but also for cooling a room. In addition, transparent facade elements for heat storage are known, for example, consist of several layers, with a PCM layer on the side facing the room stores the heat of the incident solar radiation and a multiple glazing of the facade prevents heat loss. A prismatic glass in between lets the sun's rays pass only at a low angle of incidence (for example, in winter) and thus protects the room from overheating in the summer. Other systems are known in which active cooling is postponed to night and excess energy is accumulated in PCM stores. This is essentially a special form of air conditioning. Similarly, lightweight aggregates are known with PCM (eg expanded clay, pumice, etc.). However, these do not consist of recycled aggregate and either consume raw materials or require a large amount of energy during production.

In contrast to these known heat control systems, embodiments of the present invention need no additional space for accommodating the heat storage. Rather, cavities are used, which has the building material, the recycled fracture material in sufficient quantity. The provision in the form of granules allows a largely free design in the use.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Granulats gemäß Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung.
• 2 zeigt beispielhaft ein Granulatstück mit mehreren Materialien.
• 3 zeigt eine Wand gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung.
• 4 zeigt eine weitere Wand gemäß weiterer Ausführungsbeispiele.
• 5 zeigt ein Flussdiagram eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Granulats.
• 6 veranschaulicht eine Tauchtechnik bei der Herstellung des Granulats.
• 7 veranschaulicht eine Spritztechnik bei der Herstellung des Granulats.

The embodiments of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings of the different embodiments, which should not, however, be construed as limiting the disclosure to the specific embodiments, but for explanation and understanding only.

• 1 shows an embodiment of a granule according to embodiments of the present invention.
• 2 shows an example of a piece of granules with multiple materials.
• 3 shows a wall according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• 4 shows a further wall according to further embodiments.
• 5 shows a flowchart of a method for producing the granules.
• 6 illustrates a dipping technique in the production of granules.
• 7 illustrates a spray technique in the production of the granules.

Detailed description

1 shows a granule which is suitable for the storage of heat in walls and in the context of the present invention is also referred to as a heat storage granules. The granulate comprises a recycled breaking material 110 , which is a composite or composite material of various construction materials 111 . 112 , 113 is and a porous structure 115 having. In addition, the granules comprise a phase change material 120 that the porous structure 115 at least partially filled and configured to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase. The heat is then stored as latent heat. The porous structure 115 has a pore size which is adjacent to the phase change material 120 is adapted such that the phase change material 120 also in the liquid phase in the porous structure 115 is at least partially held.

For example, paraffins can be used as phase change material 120 be used to at least partially the pore spaces and / or the columns of the porous structure 115 to fill and seal at the same time. As a result, on the one hand the unwanted capillarity is prevented and on the other hand there is an increase in the heat storage capacity. Therefore, the use of the paraffin-introducing pore spaces results in less suction of the porous structure and reverses a potential disadvantage of porous building materials.

2 shows an example of a single piece of granules 110 , which may have the granules by way of example. The granule piece 110 includes a first rock material 111 (eg a stone), a second material 112 (For example, aerated concrete) and a third material 113 (for example, a cracked mortar). The first material 111 For example, it does not need to have any pore structure, but may be an arbitrarily solidified rock material. The second material 112 For example, a pore structure 115a and the third material 113 have a plurality of cracks 115b. The cracks 115b and the pore structure 115a form the porous structure 115 of the granules associated with the phase change material 120 to be filled in the production of the heat-storing granules. The result is for example in the 1 to see. However, the various materials or components may also be present individually and need not necessarily be interconnected.

The pore space in the rock fracture may therefore consist of proportions of adherent mortar 113 on the natural rock grains 111 an exemplary concrete fracture or from a proportion of porous components 112 within the exemplary cellular concrete (or other recycled material).

Aerated concrete fracture is particularly suitable for the desired heat storage. It has, for example, an open porosity of about 50% by volume to 70% by volume and has a capacity of up to 60% by weight for the PCM 120 and therefore offers great potential for introducing PCM 120 , The combination of the PCM 120 With fracture material of various grain sizes, such as fine-grained PCM crushed sand and PCM aerated concrete fracture in graded granules, also allows to achieve a suitable grain packing density with maximum energy storage capability.

3 shows an example of an application of the granules as heat storage granules for a wall 200 , The wall 200 exemplifies a first area 210 and a second area 220 on. In the first area 210 (For example, an exterior or interior of the wall), the granules via a binder 130 is bonded to a layer on the second area 220 the Wall 200 is trained. The first area 210 For example, it may be an outer plastering area or it may also be a wall surface of an inner wall. The second wall area 220 includes, for example, a load-bearing wall construction material to ensure the necessary stability (load capacity) of the wall. Therefore, the granules can be used as a PCM cleaning system, in which the heat storage granules are integrated, can be used. Thus, the heat storage granules as aggregate material in a binder matrix 130 mineral-bound building material systems are integrated. Possible examples here are heat storage prefabricated concrete walls, heat storage plaster systems, heat storage brick and other building materials.

4 shows a further embodiment of the integration of the heat storage granules in heat storage prefabricated part walls, in this embodiment, the wall on both sides regions 210a, 210b, in which the heat storage granules is integrated. The precast wall 200 in turn comprises a supporting section 220 formed between the two edge regions 210a, 210b and constitutes the supporting wall component. The load-bearing wall component 220 includes, for example, a normal aggregate 221 , which may consist of many rocks of different sizes, which are connected by a binder 130 together. The binder 130 for the connection of the normal grains 221 For example, it may be the same binder that binds the heat storage granules. However, it is also possible that the heat storage granules with a different binder (eg as a cleaning agent) is first bound and then on both sides on the tragendenden section 220 is applied.

It is understood that the granules but also in a cavity area within the wall 200 can be introduced and then provide the outer wall portions of the desired load capacity of the wall.

Due to the transient boundary conditions and the temperature profile within the component cross-section (eg the wall 200 ) can advantageously the melting temperatures of the used PCMs 120 be adapted to the temperature gradient, so as to achieve optimum utilization of the edge zones in dependence on the component temperature of the recycling energy storage wall. For example, one edge region 210a may have a different PCM than the other edge region 210b.

• - Bereitstellen S110 eines rezyklierten Bruchmaterials 110, das ein Komposite aus verschiedenen Baumaterialien ist und eine poröse Struktur 115 aufweist, und
• - Einbringen S120 eines Phasenwechselmaterial 120 in die poröse Struktur 115 unter Nutzung von Kapillarkräften.

5 shows a flow chart for a method for producing the granules for storing heat (heat storage granules). The method comprises the steps:

• Providing S110 of a recycled breaker material 110 which is a composite of various building materials and a porous structure 115 has, and
• - Introduce S120 a phase change material 120 in the porous structure 115 using capillary forces.

The pore size of the porous structure 115 and the phase change material 120 are adapted so that the phase change material 120 also in the liquid phase in the porous structure 115 is at least partially held.

In the introduction S120 of the phase change material 120 If a complete encapsulation of the granules should be advantageously prevented. This would mean that the mobility of the phase change material 120 in the liquid phase within the pore structure 115 causes a change in volume during the phase change. In addition, the reactivity with the environment by atmospheric influences is disadvantageous.

6 and 7 illustrate by way of example further details of two possible production methods of the granulate: using a dipping technique ( 6 ) or using a spray technique ( 7 ).

When using the diving technique, for example, first (see 6A ) an impregnation of the recycled breaker material 110 with the phase change material 120, which is in the liquid phase. After soaking, an optional dripping step can be performed (see 6B ), whereby adhering phase change material 120 drips. The 6C shows an optional transport step for surface treatment of the soaked recycled breaker material 110 in the 6D is shown by way of example. During transport, cooling and solidification of the phase change material 120 may occur. But it does not have to come to that (see below). In the surface treatment, cleaning of the soaked recycled breakage material takes place in the example shown 110 in a cleaning mill 400. Due to a (reciprocal or one-sided) rotational movement of the cleaning mill 400, there is a Abschleifprozess of excess PCM 120 from the surface of the fracture material 110 , This has the advantage that the rock surface of the fracture material 110 not by phase change material 120 is covered and so no encapsulation of the fracture material 110 he follows. Therefore, heat can easily enter the fracture material 110 penetrate and the phase change material 120 inside the fracture material 110 can melt or solidify without much delay.

In conclusion, as in the 6E shown, the cleaned, soaked, recycled fracture material 110 as the granules transported away.

In the case of the intrusion of PCM 120 in the pore space 115 the recycled aggregate 110 used impregnation process is the phase change material 120 initially heated to its melting temperature to activate the melting process and the PCM 120 to bring into the liquid phase. Subsequently, the dried recyclates 110 slowly with the liquid PCM 120 be dripped to air pockets in the pore system 115 to prevent. Following this may be a complete dipping of the breakage material 110 in a PCM bathroom 120 happen (see 6A ). About the capillary forces are the pores 115 the recycled aggregate 110 filled. The temperature can be above the melting temperature of the PCM over the entire filling process 120 being held.

The aftertreatment of the recyclate surfaces (see 6D ) can be advantageously carried out as follows. The filling process described above leaves excess PCM 120 adhere to the surface of the recycled material. To avoid interface failure at the interface between recyclate and binder matrix 130, PCM residues are gently removed from the recyclate, without necessarily PCM 120 from the pore structure 115 to solve. The with PCM 120 filled recyclates 110 are filled into the cleaning mill 400 after the intrusion together with a smaller unfilled recycled fraction (eg crushed sand). By rotation of the mill 400, the excess PCM 120 From the larger recycled materials by the smaller unfilled rock grains (from the exemplary crushed sand) sanded off, or washed off. The excess PCM 120 now binds itself to the small, unfilled rock grains of the exemplary crushed sand. By selectively maintaining the melting temperature, the remaining PCM 120 is intruded directly into the crushed sand by capillary action. With this technique, a continuous production process for the intrusion of PCM 120 into coarse and fine aggregate fractions.

This post-treatment offers advantages for the activation of the PCM system. The heat energy to change the state of aggregation of the PCM is through the heat energy transfer from the environment to a component and then through the PCM carrier matrix 130 of the building material (such as a cement stone matrix) take place on the integrated PCM. It is advantageous if both the building materials and a PCM carrier matrix 130 have sufficient thermal conductivity. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the PCM 120 and the filling material in particular allow microencapsulated system solutions, as known from the prior art, only a moderate thermal activation (ie, the PCM is only partially transferred to the liquid state). In contrast to the present inventions, the phase change from solid to liquid often presents a particular problem in these systems. Temperature differences within a day / night interval are then frequently insufficient for the PCM 120 to bring back to a phase change in the solid state. As a result, the PCM 120 can not store energy in the next warm-cold cycle.

When using the spraying technique, for example, first (see 7A ) spraying the recycled breaker material 110 with the phase change material 120 , which in turn is in the liquid phase. The spraying may be carried out by a spraying device 410, which may be, for example, liquid phase change material 120 atomized and dropwise on the fracture material 110 brings. Optionally, continuously during spraying or after, a vibrator 420 may release the fracture material 110 moving back and forth or shaking to complete wetting of the fracture material 110 with the liquid phase change material 120 to reach. The liquid phase change material 120 in turn penetrates the capillary forces into the interior of the fracture material 110 and the spraying can be done until a full or sufficient filling or a desired degree of filling is achieved.

After spraying, an optional transport step (see 7B ) for surface treatment of the sprayed recycled breaker material 110 done in the 7C is shown by way of example. During transport, the phase change material 120 solidify again or it remains liquid. In the surface treatment, cleaning of the soaked recycled breakage material takes place in the example shown 110 in a cleaning mill 400th As well as in the 6 Due to the rotational movement (eg, with mutual rotation) of the cleaning mill 400, it may cause a grinding process of excess PCM 120 from the surface of the fracture material 110 come. This again offers the advantage that the rock surface of the fracture material 110 not by phase change material 120 is covered and so no encapsulation of the fracture material 110 he follows.

Exemplary for the heat storage granules PCMs 120 used on a paraffin basis. These materials have well controllable physical properties. These include, for example, a high crystallinity, cycle stability, none Hypothermia, almost no volume increase during the phase change and a chemically inert behavior. By paraffins with individually controllable chain lengths and subsequent homogenization of the mixture enthalpy peaks of the PCM 120 to be controlled. For example, the paraffin RT25HC (Rubitherm) has a heat storage capacity of about 230 kJ / kg in a temperature range of 16 ° C to 31 ° C. The enthalpy maximum is at 25 ° C.

To the penetration of the PCM 120 into the fracture material 110 To facilitate, a suitable aggregate can also be used. For example, four typical main recycle groups can be used: recycle 0/32 (ie, 0 to 32 mm grain size), 0/4 recycled crushed sand, 0/32 open brick, and aerated concrete, which is crushed into 0 mm to 16 mm grain size. Here, for example, first different particle sizes can be sieved. Subsequently, selected recycle groups are produced in the form of recyclate mixtures in order to relativize the expected strong variations in the properties of the individual recyclates and to ensure optimized functionality.

1. 1. Auswahl einer geeigneten Gesteinskörnung und einer optionalen Aufbereitung,
2. 2. Intrusion der offenen Porenräume der Rezyklate 110 mit Phasenwechselmaterialien 120 (z. B. durch ein Tränkverfahren oder Sprühverfahren), und Nachbehandlung der Rezyklatoberfläche (z. B. unter Nutzung von Brechsand innerhalb einer Mühle 400).

Exemplary embodiments for the production of the heat storage granulate thus comprise in particular the following steps:

1. 1. Selection of a suitable aggregate and an optional preparation,
2. 2. Intrusion of the open pore spaces of the recyclates 110 with phase change materials 120 (eg, by a soaking or spraying method), and post-treatment of the recycle surface (eg, using crushed sand within a mill 400).

• - Es ist keine Mikroverkapselung nötigt, wodurch sich der Energieaufwand senken lässt.
• - Außerdem wird der gerätetechnologische Standard bei Ausführungsbeispielen verringert und somit können die Kosten zur Herstellung weiter gesenkt werden.
• - Das Tauchverfahren und das Sprühverfahren sind weitaus günstigere Produktionstechniken als die Mikroverkapselungsverfahren aus dem Stand der Technik.
• - Für Hersteller von rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen öffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten der Nutzung des Bruchmaterials.
• - Mittels neu zu entwickelnder Brechtechnik, PCM-Befüllung, Nachbehandlung und Verpackung der PCM-Rezyklate in abgestufte Gebindegrößen können Rezyklate weiter verarbeitet werden.
• - Das Produktportfolio von Recyclingherstellern wird durch Energiespeichergesteinskörnungen deutlich erweitert und eine Umsatzsteigerung und personelle Vergrößerung bei erfolgreichem Projektverlauf ist allein schon durch die wegfallende Deponierung und die neuen Arbeitsschritte zu erwarten.
• - Das Wärmespeichergranulat kann beispielsweise in Form von Sackwaren und Großgebinden an Transportbetonwerke und Fertigteilwerke zur Herstellung eines Energiespeicherbetons oder einer monolithischen Energiespeicherwand geliefert werden.

In contrast to the known system solutions, embodiments have the following advantages:

• - There is no microencapsulation required, which can reduce the energy consumption.
• - In addition, the device technology standard is reduced in embodiments, and thus the cost of manufacturing can be further reduced.
• The dipping method and the spraying method are far more favorable production techniques than the microencapsulation methods of the prior art.
• - Producers of recycled aggregates are finding new ways of using the fracture material.
• - Recyclates can be further processed by means of newly developed brushing technology, PCM filling, aftertreatment and packaging of PCM recyclates in graded container sizes.
• - The product portfolio of recycling manufacturers is significantly expanded by energy storage aggregates and an increase in sales and personnel increase in successful project progress can be expected solely by the ceasing deposit and the new steps.
• - The heat storage granules can be supplied, for example in the form of bagged goods and large containers to ready-mixed concrete plants and precast plants for the production of energy storage concrete or a monolithic energy storage wall.

Embodiments also overcome the following disadvantages of known systems: The encapsulated systems require a relatively high energy expenditure for the encapsulation or the introduction into metal bag systems (eg salt hydrates) and thus lead to high costs in production. This also applies to microencapsulations, for example in plaster-bonded board systems used in dry construction, or for interior plaster systems in which the plaster structure is used as a carrier material for PCM microcapsules. In addition, the plastic encapsulation consumes fossil raw materials. PCM capsules are only distributed in relatively small amounts in the building material in order not to adversely affect the property of the building material. Furthermore, the thermal activation of the PCM capsules is very difficult to achieve, since these materials have a very low thermal conductivity. Due to the stated disadvantages of an encapsulation, embodiments of the present invention achieve the integration of the PCM 120 in recycled, highly porous aggregates as carrier material and energy storage additive.

The features of the invention disclosed in the description, the claims and the figures may be essential for the realization of the invention either individually or in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

110

a recycled material

111, 112, ...

different building materials

115

porous structure

120

Phase change material

130

binder

200

wall

210

wall area

211, 212

opposite wall areas

220

carrying area of the wall

221

aggregate

Claims (16)

Granules for storing heat in walls (200), having the following characteristics: a recycled breaker material (110) that is a composite of various building materials (111, 112, 113) and has a broken or cracked or porous structure (115); and a phase change material (120) at least partially filling the porous structure (115) and configured to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase and to store the heat as latent heat, wherein a pore size of the porous structure (115) and the phase change material (120) are formed to at least partially hold the phase change material (120) also in the liquid phase in the porous structure (115). Granules after Claim 1 wherein the recycled breakage material (110) comprises at least one or more of the following components: concrete, cellular concrete, brick, cement, mortar, rocks, adhesive, crushed sand. Granules after Claim 2 in which the components form regions in the composite which have different sizes and / or different structures and are distributed in an inhomogeneous manner. Granules according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous structure (115) has a porosity of 20 to 80% by volume. Granules according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a proportion of the phase change material (120) in the porous structure (115) is in a range between 3 and 60% by weight. Granules according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the phase change material (120) has a melting temperature and a solidification temperature in a range of 5 ° C to 45 ° C. Granules according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the phase change material (120) comprises an organic material and in particular is paraffin-based or fat-based. Wall (200) with at least one surface area containing a granulate according to one of Claims 1 to 7 having. Wall (200) after Claim 8 wherein the granulate is bonded in at least a portion of the wall (200) that meets at least one of the following conditions: has a thickness perpendicular to the wall of at least 1 cm, perpendicular to the wall extends at least 10% or at least 30% or over at least 60% of the wall thickness, - a density of the granules increases to a surface of the wall. Wall (200) after Claim 8 or 9 wherein the wall (200) is an outer wall or an inner wall. Process for producing a heat-storing granule, comprising the following steps: Providing (S110) a recycled breaker material (110) which is a composite of various building materials (111, 112, 113) and has a porous structure (115); and Introducing (S120) a phase change material (120) into the porous structure (115) using capillary forces, wherein the phase change material (120) is configured to perform a phase transition between a solid and a liquid phase and to store the heat as latent heat . wherein a pore size of the porous structure (115) and the phase change material (120) are adapted such that the phase change material (120) is also at least partially maintained in the liquid phase in the porous structure (115). Method according to Claim 11 wherein the introducing step (S120) comprises the steps of: dropping the recycled breakage mat (110) with the phase change material (120); thereafter immersing the recycled breakage mat (110) in the phase change material (120); and removing remnants of phase change material (120) at a surface of the recycled breaker material, in particular by grinding the granules at a temperature below the melting temperature of the phase change material (120). Method according to Claim 11 or Claim 12 wherein the introducing step (120) comprises the steps of: spraying the recycled breakage mat (110) into the phase change material (120); and removing remnants of phase change material (120) at a surface of the recycled fracture material, in particular by grinding the granules at a temperature below the melting temperature of the phase change material. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13 wherein the step of removing residues comprises the step of: mixing the phase change material (120) filled recycled breaker material (110) with a crushing sand such that at least one surface area of the recycled breaker material (110) is freed from the phase change material (120) and the freed Phase change material is absorbed by the crushing sand. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14 wherein the introduction of the phase change material (120) is at least partially carried out at a negative pressure. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 15 wherein providing (S110) the recycled breaker material (110) comprises selecting different aggregates from different recyclate groups.

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