DE102014011125A1 - OPTIMIZED DARK HEATER WITH HEATING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an optimized dark heat radiator (1) with at least one heating element (2). The at least one heating element (2) is arranged in a heating tube (3), wherein the heating tube (3) for infrared rays is transparent or semitransparent. A housing (6) has a heat-insulating housing rear wall (9) and a front cover (8). The heating element (2) is aligned with the front cover (8), wherein as the front cover (8) a front glass (7) made of a glass material (39) is used, which absorbs and reflects visible radiation and for the infrared radiation maximum (IM ) is predominantly transparent, the Dunkelheizstrahler (1) in a switched as in an off state offenbgar emits no visible light.

Description

The invention relates to a Dunkelheizstrahler with at least one heating element. The at least one heating element is arranged in at least one heating tube, wherein the heating tube for infrared rays is transparent or semitransparent. A housing has a U-shaped housing rear wall and a front cover. The heating element is aligned with the front cover, wherein the dark heat radiator emits no visible light in a switched as in an off state.

A schematic cross section through such a known Dunkelheizstrahler 200 , which is also called Dunkelheizstrahler because it shows no visible light emitted 13 , The dark radiator 200 has a housing 201 on. The housing 201 has a U-shaped housing back wall 202 on and is front of a cover 203 covered. Three heating elements 204 to 206 are in three heating pipes 207 to 209 arranged and on the cover 203 aligned. Between the U-shaped housing back wall 202 and the heating pipes 207 to 209 is a thermal insulation material 210 arranged for example of ceramic fibers.

The U-shaped housing back wall 202 is through the heat insulation material 2010 before the heat radiation of the heating elements 204 to 206 protected. This proportion of the heat radiation forms a high energy loss of the known dark heat radiator 200 , Only the front cover 203 absorbed heat radiation of the heating elements 204 to 206 is transformed into a far-infrared spectral range, with the cover heated to temperatures between 200 and 400 ° C with the dark heat radiator within a delay time of several minutes. Such a dark heat radiator may appear in different colors or black or white in a visible ambient lighting. However, such a dark heat radiator emits no visible light in an on state as in the off state.

From the pamphlets DE 100 17 701 A1 . DE 199 39 787 A1 , and DE 199 07 038 A1 , Glass ceramic materials and glass ceramic plates are known, which can be used as an additional panels in lighting technology, as a light cover, as a fire-resistant glass, as fireplace view glass or hotplate. In a conventional flat dark radiator with Widerstandsheizdraht, as he said in the publication DE 198 01 082 A1 is known, can also be used as Zusatzheizeinrichtung in a reduced radiation display area a colored dark red illuminated glass ceramic plate with a heat radiation source and an associated reflector to indicate the on state of the dark radiator and in addition to the dark radiator to heat a wet cell with.

The need for such Dunkelheizstrahlern with aesthetically adapted appearance even with activated heating elements is constantly increasing, however, represent the disadvantages of a low energy balance and a minute-long Aufheizverzögerung a nearly insurmountable problem.

The object of the invention is to provide an optimized Dunkelheizstrahler that overcomes the disadvantages of conventional Dunkelheizstrahler, allows a Aufheizverzögerung seconds and has an improved energy balance, and so far considered to be disadvantageous limited radiation range and yet in an on state as in the off state obviously no visible light emitted.

This object is achieved with the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

An embodiment of the invention has an optimized dark heat radiator with at least one heating element. The at least one heating element is arranged in at least one heating tube, wherein the heating tube for infrared rays is transparent or semitransparent. A housing has a heat-insulating housing rear wall and a front cover. The heating element is aligned with the front cover, wherein the dark heat radiator visible in a switched as in an off state emits no light.

The optimized dark heat radiator has, in contrast to the prior art, a curved reflector between the rear wall of the housing and the heating tube, which reflects the infrared rays in a preferred direction to the front cover of the housing with the dark heat radiator. The heating element within the heating tube, in the switched-on state of the dark heat radiator, has a spectral radiation maximum in the near infrared range with a suitably low heating element temperature and a reduced spectral radiation component in the visible spectral range. As the front cover, a front glass of a glass ceramic material is used, which absorbs and reflects visible radiation and for the infrared radiation maximum is predominantly transparent, the dark heat emitters in an on and off state apparently emits no light.

Obviously in this context in terms of the visible light emission means that a visible light emission is not visible to the naked human eye, but metrologically detectable visible spectral light components emitted by the dark heat radiator in the switched-on state are not completely excluded.

This optimized dark heat radiator has the advantage that, for a so-called dark heat radiator, a front pane made of a glass-ceramic material which absorbs and reflects visible radiation and is predominantly transparent to the infrared radiation maximum is used. This use of a glass-ceramic material which absorbs and reflects visible radiation and is predominantly transparent to the infrared radiation maximum has, in cooperation with the reflector according to the invention, the advantage that the heat radiation losses in the direction of the rear wall of the housing are minimized.

Furthermore, the range of the heat radiation is significantly improved by shifting the spectral maximum radiation from the far infrared range with a Dunkelheizstrahler temperature of 200 ° C to 400 ° C in the near infrared range at a heating element temperature of 1200 ° C when the dark heat radiator.

In addition, since a direct radiation of the infrared rays by using the above-specified front panel of glass ceramic material instead of a cover now the infrared rays from the heating element of the dark radiator through the infrared transparent heating tube and the above specified front panel is possible, each heating phase of previously several minutes to a few seconds advantageously reduced way.

In one embodiment of the invention thus has a front side of the housing, the infrared transparent front glass, however, regardless of the on state of the dark heater has at least up to 900 ° C high temperature resistant glass ceramic material that may appear black, white or colored in the visible light spectrum of an ambient light.

Furthermore, it is provided that the dark heat radiator or a manual control device has an optical operating status display, this operating state display can be made optically, acoustically or haptically. The optical operating status display signals, for example by means of light emitting diodes, that the dark heat radiator is in operation or switched off, especially since no light is obviously emitted by a dark heat radiator even when it is switched on. For this purpose, the dark heat radiator may have a receiving and control module, which is integrated in the Dunkelheizstrahler and which is in wireless communication with the manual control unit.

Advantageously, the manual control unit can be equipped with at least one heat level switch and a continuous temperature controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can detect a temperature actual value of the environment to which the dark heat radiator is directed.

The temperature controller can be designed to regulate the ambient temperature to a temperature setpoint that can be set on the control unit.

However, this can be done only in a very limited power control range, otherwise there is a risk that the spectral intensity maximum radiation in the near infrared range is shifted towards the visible spectral range and the spectral match or vote between the transparency of the front panel and the reflection coefficient of the reflector and the spectral intensity radiation maximum for the dark heat radiator is disturbed.

In a further embodiment, it is therefore provided that the manual control unit with the heat level switch and the temperature controller maintains the spectral maximum radiation in the near infrared range with adapted low heating element temperature in the on state of Dunkelheizstrahlers and the on and off time intervals for the heat level switch and / or the temperature controller of the Dark radiator regulating triggered.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the heating element may comprise a carbon cord having a round cross-section, which is formed as a helical infrared heater spiral. This dark infrared heater with a helical infrared heating coil has the advantage of reduced shadowing of the infrared reflector compared to a dark heater with a Heizrohrelement having a carbon ribbon or a twisted carbon ribbon, since the carbon fibers of the carbon tape form no dimensionally stable infrared spiral of a carbon cord. Moreover, a carbon cord does not shade the infra red reflector for broadband because the cross section of the carbon cord is round and thus allows a helical infrared carbon coil spiral to have larger reflective gaps between helical coil turns than a carbon fiber helix shielding broadband the infrared reflector.

In addition, it is possible that the carbon cord of the helical infrared heater coil has laid, knitted, braided, knitted or woven carbon fibers. The braided connection of the carbon fibers is of particular advantage because it combines the carbon fibers in a confined space and thus ensures the dimensional stability of a helical infrared heater spiral of a braided carbon cord reliable and durable.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the helical infrared heating coil in an operating state infrared radiation of an infrared wavelength having a maximum in a spectral transition region between a short-wave IR-A and a medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region. In this context, a spectral transition region, as described below in FIG 3 is shown to be an infrared wavelength range λ _R between 1.2 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 μm, so that the limit of 1.4 μm between the short-wave infrared range IR-A and the medium-wave infrared range IR-B determined by the Absorption line of the infrared spectrum is characterized for water molecules, is included in the spectral transition region, which is why the human body feels the beneficial heat radiation of the dark radiator even with minimal radiation intensity.

The position of the maximum of the infrared radiation of the infrared heating coil is ensured according to the invention in this spectral transition region in a further embodiment of the invention by the carbon fibers of the helical infrared heating spiral an operating temperature T _B between 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, preferably between 1180 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1220 ° C, and more preferably T _B = 1200 ° C, as is the following 3 clarified.

In order to radiate the carbon fibers of the carbon cord of the dimensionally stable infrared heating coil in the specified temperature and spectral range, in a further embodiment of the invention, end regions of the infrared heating coil of metal transition elements, preferably of nickel, are enclosed. The metal transition elements merge into molybdenum bands, which in turn can be electrically connected via through-contacts through gas-tightly closed ends of the heating tube.

Thus, via the vias a corresponding supply voltage of usually 100 V to 230 V to the infrared heating spiral made of carbon fibers, which compared to strip-shaped carbon fibers (flake) has the advantage that the upstream voltage control, as in heating elements with strip-shaped carbon fibers (flake) and Power control as required by Halogenheizstrahlern can be omitted.

Especially since due to the negative temperature coefficient of the heating resistor of carbon fibers, the operating temperature can be reached in a few seconds, which is why the above-mentioned spectral transition region of the infrared radiation according to the invention also partially extends into the broader range of fast infrared mean waves of the IR-B spectrum, as the following 3 clarified.

In another embodiment of the invention, the heating tube has a quartz glass transparent to infrared rays in the spectral transition region between the short-wave IR-A and medium-wave IR-B of the near infrared range with a transparency coefficient T _r of at least T _r ≥ 0.99. At the same time, this means that the sum of the reflection coefficient and the absorption coefficient of the transparent quartz glass in the infrared ray transition region between the short-wave IR-A and the middle-infrared IR-B of the near infrared region T _r ≦ 0.01.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the heating tube for infrared rays in the spectral transition region between the short-wave IR-A and medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region, a semi-transparent quartz glass with a frosted or with a particle-blasted opaque outside and / or Inner surface has. In this case, the visible part of the infrared heating coil will appear diffused, so that the visual light portion of the infrared heating coil appears reduced outside the heating tube. In this case, the absorption coefficient of the quartz tube may increase slightly, so that the transmission coefficient can drop to 0.90.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the curvature of the infrared reflector has edge strips embossed on segment strips, which are pressed into a sheet metal of an aluminum alloy with an infrared-reflecting coating in stages. This has the advantage that it creates embossed longitudinal beads between the segment strips, which produce increased dimensional stability over the entire length of the infrared reflector. On the one hand, the segment strips support the orientation of the reflection and, on the other hand, an alignment of the edge regions on the front pane made of glass ceramic material of the housing of the dark heat radiator is intensified.

Over half of the glass-ceramic material is silica, which is transparent to visible and infrared rays. By proportions of alumina and alkaline earth metal oxides in the Glass ceramic material, the transparency for the visible spectral component is markedly reduced. In a further embodiment of the invention, a reflective and curved surface of the infrared reflector points towards the infrared spiral metallizing oxide layers preferably of Al ₂ O ₃ with a reflection coefficient R between 0.85 ≦ R ≦ 0 98, preferably between 0.92 ≤ R ≤ 0.98 for infrared rays of an infrared wavelength λ _R between 1.2 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 μm in the spectral transition region between the short-wave IR-A and middle-wave IR-B region of the near Infrared range on.

The advantage of such metal oxide reflecting layers is that the reflection coefficient R is reduced prior to the preferred infrared wavelength range, particularly in the visible range, and high in the entire infrared transmission wave range of interest to the near IR medium wavelength range IR-B used according to the invention has reflection coefficients R adapted to the transitional wave range, as shown in a subsequent diagram of FIG 5 shows.

For this purpose, preferably the infrared reflector is spaced from the heating tube and coated with an oxide ceramic layer of a layer sequence of MgO, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , with their reflection coefficient R in the above range for the infrared wavelength transition region between the short-wave IR-A and medium wave IR-B range of the near infrared range.

In another embodiment of the invention, such a reflector coating can also be arranged on the outside on an infrared ray-transparent or semitransparent protective tube which is at a distance from the heating tube and surrounds the heating tube. Such a protective tube has a minimum temperature resistance of ≥ 900 ° C, so that in an implosion or breakage of the heating tube of quartz glass, the environment and in particular the Dunkelheizstrahler housing construction is protected. The protective tube may at least partially comprise a glass ceramic material and thus form a tubular dark heater.

The protective tube with reflector is partially surrounded in this embodiment by a tubular housing, wherein an air convection channel between the partially surrounding tubular housing and the protective tube is arranged with reflector. This air convection duct advantageously ensures, on the one hand, that the housing which partially surrounds the protective tube is cooled and, on the other hand, allows the absorbed energy of the air and moisture molecules to be emitted to the surroundings of such a tubular dark radiator to be heated.

In another embodiment of the invention, which includes an elongated infrared reflector spaced from the heating tube, an air convection channel is disposed between the elongate infrared reflector and a surrounding elongated housing having elongated slot-shaped openings to the surrounding air having different geodesic heights in mounting arrangements of the elongate dark heater over which a cooling air convection is formed along a curved outer surface of the elongated infrared reflector and an inner surface of the elongated housing spaced from the outer surface.

For this purpose, elongated slots are arranged between edge sides of the housing and the edge regions of the infrared reflector, wherein the infrared reflector is held floating even by resilient rubber-elastic silicone profile pieces in the edge sides of the housing. In addition, a perforated sheet metal strip is arranged along the housing half-shells between two housing halves, via which air convection can take place between the longitudinal slots of the elongate slots and the perforated metal sheet strip between the two housing shells. The housing half-shells can have tailor-made production lengths of extruded aluminum profiles.

Furthermore, it is provided that the inner surface of the housing has rib-shaped bulges, which protrude into the Luftkonvektionskanal for triggering air vortices. This has the advantage that the cooling exchange of heat between the reflector back and the inside of the housing surrounding the infrared reflector is intensified.

In a further embodiment, the housing has two extruded aluminum half shells with a structured inner surface, wherein the half shells are connected in a form-fitting manner to a rear side of the housing via at least two connecting pieces of an extruded connection profile. For this purpose, it is provided that at least from the end faces of the housing half-shells of the extruded connection profile pieces can be inserted into corresponding receiving pockets on the inside of the aluminum half-shells. When mounting front side covers, the front side covers can be fixed to fastening elements of the housing half shells.

The dark heat radiator may have guide rails on the rear side of the housing in which Fasteners are ordered. Furthermore, the fastening elements can slidably slide for adjustable fixing of a support arm in the guide rails, wherein the support arm is provided for a wall, ceiling or tripod fixing the Dunkelheizstrahlers under alignment with a warming or aufheizende environment.

As already mentioned above, the perforated metal strip is arranged on the rear side of the housing between the two extruded aluminum half-shells and the connecting pieces. For this purpose, the transitions of the aluminum half-shells corresponding elongated guide grooves, in which the perforated sheet metal strip can be inserted.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

1 shows with the 1A . 1B and 1C schematic cross-sections through a Dunkelheizstrahler according to a first embodiment of the invention;

2 shows a schematic cross section through an end portion of a heating tube with a heating element made of carbon and graphite;

3 shows a schematic diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum;

4 shows a diagram with transmission values for different glass ceramic qualities of a windshield;

5 shows with the 5A and 5B a schematic diagram of reflection coefficients as a function of the infrared wavelength for three different qualities QI to QIII of anodized aluminum sheets;

6 shows a schematic diagram with remotely controlled Wärmestufeneinstellung and temperature control of a Dunkelheizstrahlers means of a portable controller;

7 shows an interaction of a built-in a dark radiant heater control and temperature control module with freely positionable temperature sensor unit and a portable controller;

8th shows with the 8A and 8B schematic views of a dark radiator in wall mounting and ceiling mounting;

9 shows a schematic view of Dunkelheizstrahlern on a height-adjustable tripod;

10 shows a schematic cross section through a compact Dunkelheizstrahler according to another embodiment of the invention;

11 shows a schematic cross section through a Dunkelheizstrahler according to 1A with modified slotted multi-part reflector;

12 shows a Dunkelheizstrahler with a surrounding ceiling box for the recovery of heat accumulation in ceiling mounting a Dunkelheizstrahlers according to 1A ;

13 shows a schematic cross section through a dark heat radiator according to the prior art.

1 shows with the 1A . 1B and 1C schematic cross sections through a dark heat radiator 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The 1A and 1B show from an elongated dark radiator 1 with an infrared reflector 5 , only a schematic cross-section. The elongated infrared reflector 5 has two bends 4 and 4 ' on, each one a focus-like area 25 and 25 ' form. Two heating elements 2 and 2 ' each with a heating tube 3 and 3 ' , are in the two focus-like areas 25 and 25 ' the infrared reflector 5 arranged.

The two heating elements 2 and 2 ' emitted infrared rays of a spectral transition region between the short-wave IR-A and the medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region. The emitted infrared rays of this spectral transitional area meet on the one hand directly on a windscreen 7 of the dark radiator 1 and on the other hand, on the curves 4 and 4 ' the infrared reflector 5 , From the bends 4 and 4 ' the infrared reflector 5 In addition, the infrared rays of the transition region become in addition to the direct infrared irradiation toward the front glass 7 of the dark radiator 1 as a front cover 8th a U-shaped housing 6 serves, reflects.

As a windscreen 7 is the first time a windscreen 7 from a glass-ceramic material 39 that uses the vast majority of visible radiation like the following 4 shows, absorbs and reflects but not transmitted, leaving the windscreen 7 obviously does not let you know if the heating elements 2 and 2 ' switched on or off. The windscreen 7 from this glass-ceramic material 39 allows for adapted infrared radiation range of the heating elements 2 and 2 ' and at adapted radiant temperature of the heating elements 2 and 2 ' from a matched infrared heating element material and in Interaction with a radiation-adapted infrared reflector 5 a dark radiator 1 to realize for the above-mentioned spectral transition region between the short-wave IR-A and the medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region, whose heating delay is in the second range, instead of several minutes and its energy consumption significantly due to the infrared reflector 5 is reduced.

To lower side areas of such an elongated infrared reflector 5 to use optimally are in this embodiment of the infrared reflector 5 reflective segment strips 21 . 22 and 23 in a border area 19 arranged and as a segment strip 21 ' . 22 ' and 23 ' in an opposite edge area 20 available. These reflective segment strips 21 . 22 and 23 respectively. 21 ' . 22 ' and 23 ' are on the entire length of the infrared reflector 5 just trained. At the transitions of a segment strip, for example 21 on the second segment strip, for example 22 For example, the reflection angle gradually changes by 5 °, for example. At the same time are preferably 1 mm wide beads 24 and 24 ' the transitions to the edge area 19 and 20 arranged.

The beads 24 between the respective segment strips 21 . 22 and 23 respectively. 21 ' . 22 ' and 23 ' also advantageously support the dimensional stability of the infrared reflector 5 , In the embodiment shown according to 1A has the infrared reflector 5 at the end of the border areas 19 respectively. 20 bends 65 and 66 on, which can be used to the infrared reflector 5 in its position within the housing 6 of the dark radiator 1 to store floating.

At the same time, infrared energy is emitted not only in the main radiation direction, but also on the outside 31 of the infrared reflector 5 a residual heat will occur as radiation, since in the infrared transition region despite matched reflection properties about 2% of the radiation are not reflected, but absorbed either in the reflector material or from the outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 be emitted with up to 2%. Because the infrared reflector 5 also absorbs a minimum proportion of the heating radiation, the infrared reflector can be heated to 120 ° C during operation, in particular at a Heizelementglühtemperaturen of 1200 ° C with the result that a surrounding housing is heated.

To reduce heating of the housing and the reflector, shows the 1 with the 1A . 1B and 1C schematic cross sections through the dark heat radiator 1 according to this first embodiment of the invention. The dark radiator 1 shows how 1A shows four main components, namely as the first main component, the two heating elements 2 and 2 ' , as the second main component of the infrared reflector 5 with two focus-like areas 25 and 25 ' that of two bends 4 and 4 ' are formed, as a third main component of the housing 6 with profiled half shells 34 and 35 , the structures on a housing back wall 9 have, and as a fourth main component of the windscreen 7 , as already specified above, of a virtually exclusively infrared-transparent glass-ceramic material 39 having.

The windscreen 7 shows how 1C in detail shows on their edges 106 a circumferential U-shaped ornamental and clamping frame 107 on. The ornamental and clamping frame 107 not only encloses the edges 106 the windscreen 7 but connects the windscreen 7 with S-shaped brackets 73 with one end in longitudinal slots 42 of silicone profile pieces 67 protrude. A second end of the bracket 73 gets from the trim and clamp frame 107 includes and around the edges 106 the windscreen 7 clamped. The silicone profile pieces 67 are in a leadership groove 68 arranged in a form-fitting manner by the contour of the silicone profile pieces 67 at bulges of a contour of the guide groove 68 or to a trapezoidal shape of the cross section of the guide groove 68 are adjusted.

In the longitudinal slots 42 and 42 ' the silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 ' , as 1A shows are also folds 65 and 66 of the infrared reflector 5 arranged so that the infrared reflector 5 and the windscreen 7 floating in the silicone profiles 67 are stored. This floating bearing causes differences in the thermal expansion coefficient between the housing and the infrared reflector 5 and between the infrared reflector 5 and the windscreen 7 virtually stress-free balanced and disturbing noises when heating and cooling the heating tube elements 2 and 2 ' of the dark radiator 1 avoided.

The heating tube elements 2 and 2 ' have the in 2 shown infrared heating coils 11 from a carbon cord on. To as much as possible the entire radiant heat of infrared heating coils 11 the heating tube elements 2 and 2 towards the windscreen 7 of the housing 6 align, are the heating tube elements 2 and 2 ' in the above-mentioned focus-like areas 25 and 25 ' the curvatures 4 and 4 ' of the infrared reflector 5 arranged. On the effect of segment strips 21 . 21 ' . 22 . 22 ' . 23 and 23 ' in the border areas 19 and 20 was already mentioned in the description.

The housing 6 with the windscreen 7 from the glass-ceramic material 39 and the half-shells 34 and 35 which the rear wall of the housing 9 form, surround the infrared reflector 5 and the two Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 ' , This is an air convection channel 27 formed, extending from the curved outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 up to a strongly structured inside of the rear wall of the housing 9 extends. In the air convection channel 27 protrude bulges 33 the back of the case 9 in different forms, which air turbulences in the air convection duct 27 cause the cooling of both the back of the infrared reflector 5 as well as the back wall of the housing 9 is intensified.

The above-mentioned silicone rubber profile pieces 67 respectively. 67 ' are only piecewise or pointwise on the length of the guide grooves 68 arranged distributed. Between the silicone profile pieces 67 respectively. 67 ' are slit or slot-shaped openings 28 and 29 present, via which an air exchange between the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 and the environment in the direction of arrow A in 1A he follows.

In addition, the housing has 6 a central opening 30 in an upper area, over the case of a suitable position of the Dunkelheizstrahlers 1 like it 1A showing through the openings 28 and 29 incoming ambient air as heated air of the air convection channel 27 can escape. This is the opening 30 between the two half-shells 34 and 35 with a perforated metal strip 38 provided over which the heated air can escape. With changed geodesic situation can, like it 1B shows ambient air into the air convection duct 27 over the slit-shaped opening 28 penetrate and over the slot-shaped opening 29 escape. Whether air in the air convection duct 27 over one of the openings 28 . 29 or 30 flows in or out is only the geodetic height difference between the openings 28 . 29 and 30 crucial.

Because in 1A the openings 28 and 29 lying at the same geodetic height and the central opening 30 or the perforated metal strip 38 has a greater geodetic height, ambient air flows through the openings 28 and 29 in the air convection channel 27 in and out of the central opening 30 over the perforated metal strip 38 out.

In 1B is the windscreen 7 of the dark radiator 1 opposite to the horizontal position of the 1A at an inclination angle α, for example to a ceiling or a wall, as it is 8th , shows arranged so that the opening 28 has the lowest geodesic height and that through the opening 28 incoming air to two Luftkonvektionskanäle 27 and 27 ' distributed in the direction of arrow A or arrow B direction. In addition, ambient air flows through the central opening 30 in the air convection channel 27 a umd from the opening 29 out. The air convection channel 27 ' forms between the windscreen 7 and the infrared reflector 5 and reduces the thermal load on the windscreen 7 , which is designed for temperatures ≤ 900 ° C while in the air convection duct 27 ' adjacent to the windscreen 7 arranged carbon heating coils 45 and 45 ' in the heating tube elements 2 respectively. 2 ' for maximum annealing temperatures or operating temperatures T _B between 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, preferably between 1180 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1220 ° C and even more preferably for T _B = 1200 ° C are designed and to the in 3 specified spectral transition range 13 are adjusted.

The two half shells 34 and 35 of the housing 6 are preferably made of extruded aluminum profiles and on the one hand by front end covers, not shown, and on the other hand by at least two connecting pieces 36 as in the 1A and 1B be shown, positively held together. These connectors 36 are at least at both end portions of the half-shells 34 and 35 of the elongated housing 6 arranged. These connectors 36 have bulges 69 and 69 ' on, with guide rails 70 respectively. 70 ' the structured inner walls of the half-shells 34 and 35 of the housing 6 engage.

This creates a stable, positive connection between the two half-shells 34 and 35 of the housing 6 created, being on the inner walls of the half-shells 34 and 35 of the housing 6 not only bulges are present for the formation of turbulences, but additional bulges are incorporated, so as to guide channels 71 respectively. 71 ' for cable connections and on the other hand a plurality of mounting areas 72 for screw connections for attaching the end covers, not shown, of the dark heat radiator 1 to accomplish. In addition, behind shielding ribs 115 and 115 ' boards 116 RESPECTIVELY. 116 ' be arranged with printed circuits of a control module for controlling heat levels and for stepless control of heating temperatures via radio links to external temperature sensors.

Furthermore, edge areas in the 1A . 1B and 1C outer joint grooves 105 and 105 ' on, for example, to insert into a suspended ceiling construction or to assemble multiple dark heaters 1 are provided to a Dunkelheizstrahlerfläche. For this purpose, the outer joint grooves extend 105 and 105 ' over the full length of the dark radiator 1 ,

2 shows a schematic cross section through an end region 14 an infrared heater tube 3 with a heating element 2 made of carbon and graphite fibers. The carbon and graphite fibers, also called carbon fibers 10 be designated are in this embodiment to a carbon cord 12 braided and to a dimensionally stable helical infrared heater spiral 11 formed from the variety of carbon and graphite fibers. At their ends are the carbon and graphite fibers, as here at one end of the helical carbon heating coil 45 is shown in a metal transition element 15 pressed from pure nickel, wherein the metal transition element 15 nickel an extension 104 having.

At the extension 104 is still a connecting wire 62 fixed in molybdenum, with a molybdenum band 16 connected to which the end area 14 of the heating tube 3 is pressed from quartz glass, wherein a through contact 17 which in turn consists of a molybdenum bonding wire 62 consists of the compressed Quarzrohrendbereich 14 sticking out and into an outer plug 61 passes. About the outer plug 61 can now from the outside to the helical Karbonheizspirale 45 over the contact 17 , the molybdenum band 16 , the molybdenum connecting wire 62 and the metal transition element 15 a heating current can be applied from pure nickel. As the resistance of a carbon fiber increases with increasing temperature, in a few seconds the filament operating temperature T _B becomes between 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, preferably between 1180 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1220 ° C and more preferably for T _B = 1200 ° C achieved without an inrush current control with a corresponding current limit for the inventive heating tube element of the Dunkelheizstrahlers is required, since the heating resistor of the helical carbon spiral 45 increases with increasing temperature in contrast to Metalldrahtheizspieralen, and thus the heating current is automatically limited.

Due to the helical structure of the dimensionally stable Karbonheizspirale 45 made of braided carbon fibers 10 arise extensive periodic spaces between the individual turns of the Karbonheizspirale 45 , leaving a shadow of the behind the heating tube 3 fixed infrared reflector 5 is correspondingly low. An infrared reflector 5 is required to provide, in addition to the direct infrared radiation, the infrared radiation from a rear side of the heating element 2 on the top and with 4 calibrate the specified glass-ceramic front panel of the dark radiator housing.

3 shows a diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum with wavelengths λ _R on the abscissa and radiation intensities in relative units on the ordinate. The shown infrared wavelength range of 0.78 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 5 μm is usually in a near infrared region comprising the wavelengths between 0.78 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 3 μm, and a far or long wavelength infrared region IR-C having wavelengths λ _R ≥ 3 μm divided. The near infrared range between 0.78 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 3 μm is in turn divided into a short-wave infrared range IR-A and a medium-wave infrared range IR-B. In this case, the limit forms the absorption line for water or moisture in the air at 1.4 microns, so that the short-wave IR-A range between 0.78 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 1.4 microns and the medium-wave IR-B range between 1 , 4 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 3 μm.

Halogenheizstrahler are usually operated at 2400-2600 ° C, the spectral intensity maximum I _M in the short-wave infrared range at a wavelength λ _R of about 1.0 microns and extends well into the visible spectral range. The spectral intensity maximum I _M for different annealing temperatures of a filament shifts, as shown by the curve a, from the short-wave IR-A range to the medium-wave IR-B range, the spectral intensity maximum I _M decreases with increasing infrared wavelength. The optimum operating temperature for the dark heat radiator according to the invention is well below the operating temperature of 2600 ° C for halogen lamps with a significant proportion in the visible spectrum and well above the maximum operating temperature of 900 ° C for resistance heaters.

The maximum values of the radiation intensity I _M in relative units occur at operating temperatures according to the invention at infrared wavelengths of> 1.2 μm, so that it is advantageous if, for the infrared radiators with carbon fibers according to the invention, an infrared wavelength range between 1.2 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 2, 4 μm is selected. All components of the optimal dark heat radiator, be it the infrared heating coil or the infrared reflector of the dark heat radiator or the front windscreen are optimized for this infrared range according to the invention in an advantageous manner. The optimum operating temperatures T _B for the heating elements of the dark heat radiator according to the invention are from 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, preferably between 1180 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1220 ° C and more preferably at T _B = 1200 ° C. As the radiation intensity curve b for an inventive annealing temperature shows with the spectral radiation intensity maximum at 1200 ° C, the proportion of the visible spectral range S has dropped to an almost negligible minimum.

This inventive and optimized infrared range forms a spectral transition region 13 between the short-wave IR-A and the medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region, so that both the optimized maximum for the filament temperatures of the carbon fibers of 1200 ° C advantageously in the middle of the infrared transition region 13 as well as the water absorption wavelength 1.4 μm, which is in this infrared transition region 13 is included. That means that humid air, both prevails in outdoor and indoor areas, using such Dunkelheizstrahler advantageously particularly quickly absorbs the radiant energy and produces a pleasant heated air atmosphere at the usual humidity in Central Europe. Moreover, when the water absorption wavelength of 1.4 μm is included in the radiant area of the carbon heating coil, people feel the beneficial heat much faster.

This advantageous effect is not achieved if the infrared heaters work or are optimized exclusively in the medium-wave IR-B range and / or long-wave IR-C range, excluding the water absorption wavelength 1.4 microns. An optimization in the infrared transition region according to the invention 13 is essentially determined by correspondingly adapted transmission properties of the specific windshield, which is used in the dark heat radiator according to the invention.

First, however, this diagram is in 3 clearly that carbon cords or Karbonheizspiralen, which are operated in a temperature range between 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, an optimal energy balance in the infrared transition region according to the invention 13 can achieve with the infrared wavelengths between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 microns. For this purpose, a dimensionally stable carbon cord made of a plurality of carbon fibers is provided, which can be brought in a heating tube preferably made of quartz glass free of the inner wall of the heating tube dimensionally stable to annealing temperatures of 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C. Also, the problem of passing the ends of the carbon heating coil through the heating tube, which is usually made of a quartz tube, is like 2 shows solved according to the invention.

4 shows a diagram with transmission values for different glass ceramic qualities Q1 and Q2 of a windscreen. On the abscissa, the wavelength λ _{R is} plotted in microns and on the ordinate, the transparency coefficient in addition, the limits of the spectral transition region according to the invention 13 and to see the hydrogen absorption line of 1.4 μm.

The dashed curve a shows a quality Q1 at which the transparency coefficient is shown in FIG. 3 for a clear glass-ceramic material in which the proportion of transparent silica is well over half of the total volume and only minimal proportions by volume of alumina and alkaline-earth oxides are present as additives to the glass-ceramic material which minimally absorb and / or reflect visible spectral components.

In order to shift the transparency curve in the direction of arrow C to the near infrared, the glass ceramic material of the front pane used according to the invention has an increasing volume fraction of aluminum dioxide and alkaline earth metal oxides until the proportion by volume of silicon dioxide is reduced by half. As the curve b (solid line) of the quality Q2 shows remains in the visible spectral range, a low transparency S for a visible (dark red) light, but this is only detected by measurement and with activated <state of the inventively optimized Dunkelheizstrahlers obviously not by the human eye is perceptible.

5 shows diagrams of reflection coefficients R as a function of the infrared wavelength λ _R for three different qualities QI, QII and QIII of anodized aluminum sheets as reflectors for the wavelength range between 0.25 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.5 microns. The wavelength range shown includes the range of visible light s. L., and the range of short-wave infrared rays IR-A between 0.78 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 1.4 microns with the absorption line for water at 1.4 microns as a characteristic limit to the medium-wave range IR-B 1.4 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 3.0 μm, which only up to 2.5 μm in 5 you can see. The spectral transition region according to the invention 13 is in 5 hatched shown.

All three qualities QI, QII and QIII show in the spectral transition region according to the invention 13 excellent reflection properties with a reflection coefficient in the entire spectral transition region according to the invention 13 between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 microns of about 90% and for the quality of QIII even to 98%, in the crucial for the inventively used Karbonheizspiralen radiation range.

Also in this diagram, the hydrogen absorption line of 1.4 microns is plotted, the infrared reflector of quality QIII from an anodized aluminum sheet for the first time reaches a maximum value of R over 95%, which is even exceeded at 2.3 microns. With this diagram, it becomes clear that the dark heat radiator according to the invention achieves a high energy-saving efficiency through the optimum adaptation of the filament temperature and the reflector wavelength range.

In the area s. L. of 0.25 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 0.78 μm of the visible light, the reflection coefficient for the excellent qualities of QII and QIII in the IR region of interest drops significantly. Then, the reflection coefficient R steeply increases and reaches for the infrared wavelength range λ _R according to the invention between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 microns maximum values, the up to 98% reflection in the infrared transition region according to the invention 13 enable.

The inventive optimization in the spectral infrared range by means of geigneter maximum operating temperature of the helical Karbonheizspirale, by the unusual introduction of a reflector in a Dunkelheizstrahler and means of the invention suppression of the transmission of visible spectral components through the spectrally adjusted windscreen glass ceramic material has succeeded in shortening the heating times so far that a completely new control device for a temperature control and a heat setting for dark radiant heater is possible.

6 shows a schematic diagram with remotely controlled heat setting and temperature control of a Dunkelheizstrahlers 1 for example, on an outside or inside wall 79 with the one below 8th shown holding arm 52 is fixed. This dark radiator 1 is in this embodiment of the invention via a portable or wall-mounted controller 46 , which is arranged here for example on a table, both in heat settings and adjusted by temperature control. There is a radio connection for this purpose 101 between the portable or in the room instqllierten control unit 46 and a control module 63 in the dark radiator 1 , For temperature control, the portable controller 46 This is on a table 102 is arranged, a temperature sensor 49 on, which detects the ambient temperature.

7 shows a schematic diagram of a switch unit of the portable controller 46 for a dark radiator 1 with an on / off or timer switch 47 , a heat level switch and program switch 47 ' , as well as + or - buttons 47 ' for a temperature or timer setting. This switch unit is connected to a control and regulation module 63 on the front 7 of the dark radiator 1 in radio communication 101 , like it 7B shows.

The control module 63 has in this embodiment of the invention, a display panel on the front 7 of the dark radiator 1 which centrally signals the set temperature and next to the temperature display 129 preferably three LED lights 130 having. The LED lights 130 can switch on the dark radiator 1 , a power control, and a power-on state of a timer signal. There are also three more LED indicators 130 intended to signal 3 heat levels.

A temperature controller operating in the control module 63 integrated, stands with a temperature sensor unit 49 in radio communication. The temperature sensor unit 49 has a room temperature sensor in a housing 48 and one on the surface of the housing of the irradiation by the Dunkelheizstrahler 1 exposed radiation sensor 48 ' on. In the temperature sensor unit 49 , in the 7C is partially shown in cross section, is also a radio electronics 131 arranged with the control module 63 over a radio connection 101 ' interacts.

The heat level adjustment and the temperature adjustment are not controlled by power increase and / or power reduction, but are advantageously controlled by variation of triggering on-off time intervals. This is possible due to the almost delay-free heating of the Karbonheizelemente and by the direct-acting infrared radiation of the invention Dunkelheizstrahlers. On the other hand, a conventional power variation for setting heat levels or for temperature control would bring the optimum matching of filament temperature, compliance with the optimal spectral maximum radiation (I _M ), the optimal reflector wavelength range and the optimal spectral transparency of the glass ceramic out of balance and the Destroy optimization.

8th shows with the 8A and 8B schematic views of a dark radiator 1 in wall mounting and in ceiling mounting. These are in the structure of the back wall 9 the half-shells 34 and 35 guide rails 50 respectively. 51 arranged in which holding elements 76 and 77 a holding arm 52 slidably slide to the support arm 52 in an optimal position along the guide rails 50 and 51 to be able to adjust.

The holding arm 52 is about a joint 78 with one on a wall 79 fixable wall stand 80 adjustable fixed, with the wall stand 80 from a stand rod 81 and a tripod foot 82 composed, so that any inclination angle α of the windscreen 7 made of glass kerosene material 39 of the dark radiator 1 is adjustable. For the in 8B Ceiling mounting shown can be the same arm 52 with the joint 78 and the stand rod 81 be used, with the stand base 82 now on a ceiling 84 can be fixed and to set an optimal radiation distance a from the area to be heated extension rods 83 between the tripod foot 82 and the stand rod 81 can be arranged.

Such extension rods 83 can also be used to in 8A a distance a 'from the wall 79 to vary. Thus, it is possible with simple standardized components such as a tripod base 82 , a tripod pole 81 , a swivel joint 78 , a holding arm 52 the desired position of the windscreen 7 made of glass kerosene material 39 of the dark radiator 1 using extension rods 83 to reach.

9 shows a schematic view of Dunkelheizstrahlern 1 standing at a stand 64 are arranged vertically adjustable and pivotable. The stand 64 has a stand base 108 on, the outside dimensions of the slidable and pivotable on the stand 64 attached dark radiator 1 is adjusted. In addition, the stand foot points 108 a stand foot plate 85 on, which is a stabilizing counterweight to the weights of the dark heat radiator 1 forms. The stand 64 is essentially a profile tube, in the supply cable 86 from the stand base 108 up to the dark radiators 1 are arranged.

In a lower section of the stand 64 For example, a height a _min of the stand foot 108 to a lower edge of two guide rails 88 and 89 for the two dark heaters 1 be provided. In addition, have Dunkelheizstrahlerhalterungen 87 joints 78 on, on each of which a holding arm 52 as he already has from the 8th is known for the dark radiator 1 is arranged. The guide rails 88 and 89 range up to a maximum distance a _max of, for example, a _max ≤ 3.0 m, while the minimum distance a _min between the stator foot 108 and the dark radiator 1 for example, has a minimum distance a _min ≥ 1.80 m. This ensures that infants are not attached to the dark heat radiator 1 of the stand 64 come close.

Such an arrangement of Dunkelheizstrahlern 1 on a stand 64 with a suitable stable stand foot 108 has the advantage that when stationary mounting the dark heat radiator 1 in a large area, for example between 1.80 m and 2.50 m in their distance from the stand base 108 can be adjusted. In addition, the inclination angle α due to the joint 78 be set. Finally, the dark radiator 1 due to the joint 78 be operated in both horizontal and vertical position, because the safety height for infants is maintained in any case and the vertical adjustability between a minimum distance a _min and a maximum distance a _{max is} limited.

10 shows a schematic cross section through a compact Dunkelheizstrahler 1' according to a further embodiment of the invention. The compact dark radiator 1' forms with housing a compact dark radiator tube, which can be adapted to any desired aesthetic outer contour or outer geometry. This is in 10 the heating pipe 3 from a protective tube 98 surrounded at a distance. The protective tube 98 is also at least partially made of the above-specified glass-ceramic material 39 ,

This protective tube 98 is down to a radiation opening area 140 from a tubular housing 6 ' surround. Between the tubular housing 6 ' and the protective tube 98 is an air convection duct 27 arranged. Under formation of a Luftkonvektionsstromes in the direction of arrow A in the Luftkonvektionskanals 27 between the outer surface of the protective tube 98 and the inner wall 79 of the housing 6 ' , the heat occurring in this area, from the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 over an opening 30 be dissipated.

The protective tube 98 is preferably made of a glass ceramic tube whose surface 119 is frosted, so that the infrared-transparent properties for the infrared radiation range are maintained and occurs mainly in the visible wavelength range diffusion and attenuation of the light beam intensity, which is beneficial for a dark heat radiator. When operating the glowing carbon heating coil 45 These are not external on the outer protective tube 98 made of partially glass-ceramic material 39 with optimized transparency and with frosted surface 119 obviously not recognizable.

Furthermore, it is provided as an infrared reflector 5 the protective tube 98 with a spectrally adjusted infrared reflection coating 5 ' opposite to the radiation opening area 140 to coat. In addition, it is provided a heat shield 97 on an inner wall of the housing 6 ' applied. Such a heat shield 97 between the protective tube 98 at least partially glass-ceramic 39 and the aluminum housing profile with appropriate ventilation through the air convection channel provided 27 protects the material of the housing 6 ' behind the heat shield 97 is arranged, from overheating. It can be another channel 99 behind the heat shield 97 be provided to an internal electrical wiring of the tubular Dunkelheizstrahlers 1' to enable.

11 shows a schematic cross section through a Dunkelheizstrahler 1'' according to 1A with modified slotted multi-part reflector 5 '' , Components with the same functions as in 1A are denoted by like reference numerals and will not be discussed separately.

This dark-dark radiator 1'' is optimized in such a way that a heat accumulation, which results in an upwardly closed intermediate space between Heirohren 3 and 3 ' and the upper portion of the closed curved infrared reflector 5 according to 1A with horizontal alignment of the windscreen 7 can stagnate, is not dischargeable, since no connection to the air convection 27 in the embodiment of the 1A is provided.

In the embodiment of the 11 is now the infrared reflector 5 '' preferably in three parts into two curved infrared reflector areas 91 and 91 ' that face each other. A third central infrared reflector area 90 is between the two curved infrared reflector areas 91 and 91 ' arranged with opposite Kuhung, so that longitudinal slots 18 and 18 ' form over which the heat accumulation to the housing opening 30 can be derived in the direction of arrow B.

So that this heat accumulation, which is now composed of convective heat and long-wave infrared radiation heat of the above-discussed spectral IR-C range, can be used, and the energy balance of the dark beam heater according to the invention 1'' can be further improved, is in the embodiment of the 12 the dark radiator 1'' in a ceiling box 60 used. Components having the same functions as in the previous figures are identified by the same reference numerals and will not be discussed separately.

The ceiling box 60 has a ceiling box housing 53 on, from an upwardly open housing frame 54 consists. The open-topped case frame 54 surrounds the DunkelDunkelheizstrahler spaced 1'' , A ceiling box cover 55 covers the case frame 54 under formation of a circulating Zuluftspaltes 56 from. At front ends 74 and 75 the case frame 54 are to the dark radiator 1'' towards further supply air openings 58 and 58 ' between case frame 54 and dark radiator 1'' intended.

At the front 75 is inside the rack 54 the above-mentioned integrated control module 63 arranged, in addition, a low-noise blower 53 can control. The low-noise fan 53 is in this embodiment also on the front side 75 inside the case frame 54 arranged. The low-noise fan 53 sucks the heated supply air and blows the heated supply air from the circulating Zuluftspalt 56 and the supply air openings 58 and 58 ' in arrow direction B in the room area to be heated. For the separation of incoming in the direction of arrow A ambient air through the opening 58 ' and heated air flowing out in the direction of arrow B is in the area of the front side 75 of the case frame 54 an air baffle 57 in front of the suction opening of the blower 53 angeordent.

Although at least one exemplary embodiment has been shown in the foregoing description, various changes and modifications may be made. The above embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing description provides those skilled in the art with a scheme for practicing at least one example embodiment, which may make numerous changes in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims and their legal equivalents ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 '

dark heater

2, 2 '

Heizrohrelement

3, 3 '

Heating tube z. B. of quartz

4, 4 '

curvature

5,

infrared reflector

5 '

Infrared reflective coating

6, 6 '

casing

7

windscreen

8th

front cover

9

Rear panel

10

carbon fiber

11

helical infrared heater spiral

12

carbon cord

13

spectral transition region

14

end

15

Metal transition element z. B. of nickel

16

molybdenum band

17

by contact

19

border area

20

border area

21, 21 '

segment strips

22, 22

segment strips

23, 23 '

segment strips

24, 24 '

Beading

25, 25 '

focus-type area

27, 27 '

Luftkonvektionskanal

28

opening

29

opening

30

opening

31

outer surface

33

bulge

34

half shell

35

half shell

36

joint

38

Perforated metal strips

39

Glass-ceramic material

42, 42 '

longitudinal slot

45, 45 '

Karbonheizspirale

46

control unit

47

Heat level setting

47 '

program switch

48, 48 '

temperature sensor

49

Temperature sensor unit

50

guide rail

51

guide rail

52

holding arm

61

external connector

62

Connecting wire z. B. of molybdenum

63

control module

64

stand

65

fold

66

fold

67, 67 '

silicon profile

68

guide

69, 69 '

bulge

70, 70 '

guide rail

71, 71 '

guide channels

72

fastening area

73

bracket

76

retaining element

77

retaining element

78

joint

79

Wall or wall

80

Wallstand

81

Support rod

82

stand base

83

extension rods

84

ceiling

85

Ständerfußplatte

86

power cable

87

Dark heater mounts

88

guide rail

89

guide rail

97

Heat shield

98

thermowell

99

channel

101, 101 '

radio link

102

table

103

bulge

104

extension

105, 105 '

outer joining groove

106

Edge of the windscreen

107

Ornamental and clamping frame

108

Adjustable Stand

115, 115 '

Abschirmrippe

116, 116 '

circuit board

119

surface

129

temperature display

130

optical operating status display

131

Broadcast

140

Radiation opening area

200

Dark radiator (prior art)

201

casing

202

Rear panel

203

cover

204

heating element

205

heating element

206

heating element

207

heating pipe

208

heating pipe

209

heating pipe

210

Heat heating pipe heating pipe insulation material

α

tilt angle

λ _R

Infrared wavelength

A

arrow

B

arrow

C

arrow

I _M

spectral radiation intensity maximum

R

reflection coefficient

T _B

operating temperatur

T _r

transparency coefficient

T _H

heating temperature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10017701 A1 [0004]
• DE 19939787 A1 [0004]
• DE 19907038 A1 [0004]
• DE 19801082 A1 [0004]

Claims (23)

Optimized dark heat radiator with at least one heating element ( 2 ) comprising: - the at least one heating element ( 2 ) in a heating tube ( 3 ), wherein the heating tube ( 3 ) is transparent or semi-transparent to infrared rays; - a housing ( 6 ) with a U-shaped housing back wall ( 9 ) and with a front cover ( 8th ), wherein the heating element ( 2 ) on the front cover ( 8th ), wherein the dark heat radiator ( 1 ) in a switched as in an off state visibly no light emitted - characterized in that - the dark heat radiator ( 1 ) a curved reflector ( 5 ) between the back of the housing ( 9 ) and the heating tube ( 3 ) which, when the dark heat radiator is switched on ( 1 ) the infrared rays in a preferred direction to the front cover ( 8th ) of the housing ( 6 ) reflected; - the heating element ( 2 ) within the heating tube ( 3 ) in the switched-on state of the dark heat radiator ( 1 ) has a spectral maximum radiation (I _M ) in the near infrared range with a suitably low heating element temperature (T _H ) and reduced spectral radiation in the visible spectral range; and that as a front cover ( 8th ) a windscreen ( 39 ) of a glass-ceramic material ( 40 ), which absorbs and reflects visible radiation and is predominantly transparent to the infrared radiation maximum, so that the dark heat radiator ( 1 ) apparently does not emit light in an on and a off state. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 1, characterized in that a front side ( 7 ) of the housing ( 6 ) has the infrared transparent front panel, which has a high temperature resistant in the visible light spectrum of an ambient light black, white or colored appearing windshield glass material regardless of the on state of the dark heater. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the Dunkelheizstrahler or a manual control device ( 46 ) has an optical operating status indicator Dark heat radiator according to claim 3, characterized in that the dark heat radiator ( 1 ) has a receive and control module that is wirelessly connected to the manual controller ( 46 ) is in operative connection. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the manual control device ( 46 ) at least one heat level switch ( 47 ) and a stepless temperature controller ( 48 ) and a temperature sensor ( 49 ), wherein the temperature sensor ( 49 ) a temperature actual value of the environment to which the dark heat radiator ( 1 ), detected, and the temperature controller ( 48 ), the ambient temperature to one on the control unit ( 46 ) adjustable temperature setpoint. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 5, characterized in that the manual control device ( 46 ) with the heat level switch and the temperature controller, the spectral maximum radiation in the near infrared range with adjusted low heating element temperature in the on state of the Dunkelheizstrahlers maintained, and the heat level switch and / or the temperature controller triggers the on and off time intervals of the Dunkelheizstrahlers regulating. Dunkelheizstrahler according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heating element is a carbon cord ( 12 ) having a round cross-section which acts as a helical infrared heating coil ( 11 ) is trained. A dark heat radiator according to claim 7, characterized in that the carbon cord ( 12 ) of the infrared heating spiral ( 11 ), knitted, braided, knitted or woven carbon fibers ( 10 ) having. A dark heat radiator according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the infrared heating coil ( 11 ) in an operating state, an infrared radiation of an infrared wavelength (λ _R ) with a maximum in a spectral transition region ( 13 ) between a short-wave IR-A and a medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the carbon fibers ( 10 ) of the infrared heating spiral ( 11 ) have an operating temperature T _{B of} between 1150 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1250 ° C, preferably between 1180 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1220 ° C, and more preferably of T _B = 1200 ° C. Dark heat radiator according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that end regions ( 14 ) of the infrared heating spiral ( 11 ) of metal transition elements ( 15 ) are preferably enclosed in nickel, which are in molybdenum ribbons ( 16 ), which with through contacts ( 17 ) by gas-tight closed ends of the heating tube ( 3 ) communicate electrically. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating tube ( 3 ) a frosted and / or optical opaque for infrared rays in the spectral transition region ( 13 ) transparent quartz glass with a transparency coefficient T _r of at least T _r ≥ 0.99. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared reflector ( 5 ) a substrate of a metal alloy and the curvature ( 4 ) of the infrared reflector ( 5 ) in peripheral areas ( 19 . 20 ) embossed segment strips ( 21 to 23 ) of the metal alloy. Dunkelheizstrahler one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curved surface of the infrared reflector ( 5 ) to the heating element reflecting layers of metal oxides preferably Al ₂ O ₃ with a reflection coefficient R between 0.85 ≤ R ≤ 0.98, preferably between 0.92 ≤ R ≤ 0.98 for infrared rays of infrared wavelength λ _R between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 μm in the spectral transition region ( 13 ) between the short-wave IR-A and the medium-wave IR-B region of the near infrared region. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared reflector ( 5 ) spaced from the heating tube ( 3 ) and has oxide ceramic layers. Dunkelheizstrahler one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating tube of a protective tube ( 26 ), and the protective tube ( 26 ) has a reflector, wherein the protective tube with reflector partially from the housing ( 6 ) is surrounded and an air convection ( 27 ) is arranged between the protective tube with reflector. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the infrared reflector ( 5 ) and the surrounding housing ( 6 ) the air convection duct ( 27 ) Openings ( 28 to 30 ) to the surrounding air, in operating arrangements of the Dunkelheizstrahlers ( 1 ) have different geodetic heights, over which a cooling air convection along a curved outer surface ( 31 ) of the infrared reflector ( 5 ) and one of the outer surface ( 31 ) spaced inner surface ( 18 ) of the housing ( 6 ) trains. A dark heat radiator according to claim 17, characterized in that the inner surface ( 18 ) of the housing ( 6 ) rib-shaped bulges ( 33 ) for triggering air vortices in the air convection ( 27 protrude). Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing ( 6 ) two extruded aluminum half shells ( 34 . 35 ) with structured inner surface ( 18 ), wherein the half shells ( 34 . 35 ) via at least two connectors ( 36 ) of an extruded connection profile positively to the back of the housing ( 37 ) are connected. Dark heat radiator according to claim 19, characterized in that on the rear side of the housing ( 37 ) between the two extruded aluminum half-shells ( 34 . 35 ) and the connectors ( 36 ) a perforated metal strip ( 38 ) is arranged. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one infrared transparent or semitransparent windscreen ( 7 ) of the housing ( 6 ) an air convection duct ( 27 ) between the visible in the visible light spectrum white or colored or black front screen ( 7 ) and one between this windscreen ( 7 ) and the heating tube ( 3 ) transparent to infrared rays transparent protective plate, and wherein the Luftkonvektionskanal ( 27 ) an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening in the form of at least longitudinal slots ( 42 . 42 ' ) having. Dunkelheizstrahler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Dunkelheizstrahler on the back of the housing guide rails ( 50 . 51 ), in which fasteners are arranged has. Dunkelheizstrahler according to claim 22, characterized in that the fastening elements displaceable for adjustable fixing of a support arm ( 52 ) in the guide rails ( 50 . 51 ), whereby the holding arm ( 52 ) for a tripod, wall or ceiling fixation of the dark radiator ( 1 ) is provided with alignment to an environment to be heated.

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