DE102012210930A1 - Energy transfer arrangement and method for operating the energy transfer arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (60) for operating an energy transmission arrangement (10), the energy transmission arrangement (10) having a primary member (12) for delivering electrical energy and a secondary member (14) for receiving the electrical energy, the primary member (12 ) and the secondary member (14) are designed to be movable relative to one another and can be coupled magnetically and / or electromagnetically for the transmission of the electrical energy, and the primary member (12) and the secondary member (14) have a plurality of operating parameters, the electrical energy from the primary member being the first (12) is transmitted to the secondary member (14), at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member (12) being recorded, the operating parameter of the primary member (12) being compared with primary-side reference values in order to determine the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the primary member ( 12) and the secondary member (14) to be determined and dam it to detect a disturbing object between the primary member (12) and the secondary member (14) and / or a movement of the secondary member (14) relative to the primary member (12), and at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member (12) is varied, if the operating parameter of the primary element (12) deviates from the primary-side reference values.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for operating an energy transmission arrangement, wherein the energy transmission arrangement has a primary element for discharging electrical energy and a secondary element for receiving the electrical energy, and wherein the primary element and the secondary element are movable relative to one another and magnetic and / or transferring the electrical energy. or are electromagnetically coupled.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a power transmission arrangement having a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member and the secondary member are movable to each other and magnetic and / or electromagnetically coupled to transmit the electrical energy.

State of the art

In the field of motor vehicle drive technology, it is generally known to use an electric machine as the sole drive or together with a drive motor of another type (hybrid drive). In such electric or hybrid vehicles electrical machines are typically used as a drive motor, which are supplied by an electrical energy storage, such as an accumulator, with electrical energy, the electric energy storage are charged regularly depending on the state of charge. In this case, usually a cable is used to transfer the electrical energy from a charging station to the vehicle. Such a cable connection offers a very poor ease of use and also represents a potential danger to the user, since the connector and the cable due to damage, for example, electrical discharges can be transmitted to the user. As an alternative to a cable connection, it is possible to supply vehicles with electrical energy via contactless energy transmission. In this case, different principles of action can be used for contactless energy transfer, for example, an inductive energy transfer or electromagnetic energy transfer. In the case of inductive energy transmission, a magnetic alternating field is generated on the primary side by means of a coil. At least part of this alternating magnetic field penetrates the secondary side, which also contains a coil. As a result, a voltage is induced in the coil of the secondary side and thus energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side. In the case of electromagnetic energy transmission, the distance between the primary side and the secondary side is so great that the wave properties of the electromagnetic fields are relevant and can be used. Usually antennas are used as transceivers on the primary / secondary side.

The efficiency of this contactless energy transfer is in particular by scattering losses worse than in the wired transmission, with an air gap of 20 to 30 cm, the efficiency can be about 90%. However, such energy transfer is more comfortable due to the easier handling and thus offers greater acceptance by the user.

Operational safety is an important issue in non-contact power transmission. Firstly, the energy transmission may only be started if an electrically driven vehicle is actually parked above the charging station / ground station, which is embedded in the road surface, for example. If other objects or even people are above the charging station, a transfer of electrical energy must be prevented in order to exclude further hazards. On the other hand, a magnetic field of high field strength and flux density is built up during the energy transmission in a region between the ground station and a vehicle-side transmission device. If humans or animals enter this area during the charging process, body currents can be induced. If, for example, electrically conductive objects are in this area, they can be heated by the induced eddy currents. In order to exclude such hazards, the energy transfer must be terminated immediately as soon as an object in the air gap between the ground station and the vehicle-side transmission device is detected.

From the DE 10 2009 033 236 A1 is a device for the inductive transmission of electrical energy from a stationary unit having at least one primary inductance to a stationary adjacent to this vehicle with at least one secondary inductance known. The apparatus comprises means for detecting the presence of an object with which a predetermined space lying between the primary and secondary inductances is monitored. The detection device has at least one non-contact sensor, wherein the sensor may be an ultrasound, radar, infrared sensor or an electronic image sensor. These sensors, which are installed on the side of the stationary unit or of the vehicle, however, result in higher material costs. Furthermore, these sensors must be extensively adjusted for reliable detection of any objects. The complex adjustment causes additional costs. Be the sensors installed only in the vehicle, the information that, for example, an object has been detected in the air gap, must be transmitted to the stationary unit secured to initiate a shutdown of the power transmission. This requirement leads to increased complexity of the overall system.

In a further aspect, it is also not recognized in known arrangements for energy transmission that, for example, by loading the vehicle during the charging process, the distance between the vehicle and the ground station changes and thus the efficiency of energy transfer is reduced.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention therefore provides a method of operating an energy transfer assembly, wherein the energy transfer assembly comprises a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member and the secondary member are movably formed to each other and magnetic and for transmitting the electrical energy and / or are electromagnetically coupled and wherein the primary member and the secondary member having a plurality of operating parameters, wherein first the electrical energy is transmitted from the primary member to the secondary member, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is detected, wherein the operating parameter of the primary member with primary reference values is compared to determine the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the primary member and the secondary member and thus an interference object between the primary member and the Secondary member and / or movement of the secondary member relative to the primary member to detect, and wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is varied, provided that the operating parameter of the primary member deviates from the primary-side reference values.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a power transmission arrangement with a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member and the secondary member are movable to each other and magnetically and / or electromagnetically coupled for transmitting the electrical energy, and wherein the primary member and the secondary member have at least one control unit which is adapted to carry out the method of the above-mentioned type.

Advantages of the invention

In the present invention, an interfering object between the primary member and the secondary member and / or movement of the secondary member relative to the primary member is detected by evaluating the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the two energy transfer members. In this case, the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling is determined only by means of the operating parameters of the primary member and / or the secondary member. Thus, for example, no separate sensors are necessary, which must be adjusted individually for the detection of interfering objects. This leads to a reduced complexity of the power transmission arrangement and lower production costs, since fewer components are required. Due to the object recognition in the air gap, the risk potential of the energy transmission arrangement can be reduced. The reliability of the arrangement is increased. Furthermore, the efficiency of the energy transfer is increased, as well as changes in the distance of the energy transfer elements are taken into account.

The static or dynamic interference object in the air gap between the primary element and the secondary element and / or the change in distance of the energy transmission elements relative to one another is detected by comparing at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element with primary reference values. The primary-side reference values may have predefined values and / or values from earlier measurements.

It is of particular advantage if the secondary element is switched to a predefined state before the acquisition of the operating parameter of the primary element in order to vary at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element.

The switching to the predefined state can mean, for example, that the secondary element is switched to a short circuit or that predefined resistances are switched on on the side of the secondary element. Due to the predefined state on the secondary link side, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary link is changed. Thus, information can be transmitted from the secondary link to the primary link by this mechanism.

According to a further embodiment, the secondary element is switched to the predefined state at a predefined time interval.

By this measure, the primary side with knowledge of this time interval regularly check the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling and upon detection of a change the coupling, for example, as a result of a disturbing object in the air gap, take appropriate action.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link is detected and the secondary link is switched to the predefined state as a function of a comparison of the operating parameter of the secondary link with secondary-side reference values.

In this embodiment, the secondary element is switched to the predefined state as soon as at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary element deviates from secondary reference values, that is, as soon as, for example, an object penetrates into the air gap between the primary element and the secondary element. Thus, the fault object can be detected even faster, countermeasures can be initiated at an early stage. As a result, the security of energy transfer is increased.

The secondary-side reference values may have predefined values and / or earlier measured values of the operating parameters.

In a further embodiment, before transmitting the electrical energy from the primary element to the secondary element, an electrical test energy is first emitted by means of the primary element. Furthermore, at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link is detected. Finally, the detected operating parameter of the secondary link is compared with secondary-side check reference values in order to recognize on the secondary link side the adjacently arranged primary link.

By this measure, a secure detection of the adjacent arranged primary member is ensured on the side of the secondary link. On the secondary side, preparatory measures for the transmission of energy can be initiated after detection. The test energy used for the detection process is preferably smaller than the energy that is transferred during the regular energy transfer from the primary member to the secondary member. As a result, the energy consumption for the recognition process can be minimized.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the following steps are further carried out before transmitting the electrical energy from the primary element to the secondary element: first, an electrical variable of the secondary element is changed in dependence on the comparison of the operating parameter of the secondary element with secondary-side test reference values to at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary element Finally, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is detected, and finally the operating parameter of the primary member is compared with primary-side Prüferferenzwerten to recognize on the side of the primary member, the adjacently arranged secondary member, wherein the electrical energy transmitted from the primary member to the secondary member is provided that the adjacent positioning of the primary member and the secondary member is recognized on both sides.

These method steps lead on the side of the primary member to a reliable detection of the secondary link. The energy transfer from the primary element to the secondary element is only started when a mutual recognition of the two energy transfer elements has taken place. Thus, for example, the energy transfer is not started when a metallic conductive object or even an animal is in the immediate vicinity of the primary member. Therefore, the reliability of the energy transfer is increased by these measures.

According to another embodiment, the step of varying the electrical size of the secondary member comprises varying an electrical resistance of the secondary member.

By changing the electrical resistance can be changed in a simple manner at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element is varied in such a way that the energy transmission is interrupted if the disturbing object is detected between the primary element and the secondary element.

In order to reduce the hazard potential of the energy transfer, the energy transfer is terminated upon detection of a disturbing object which is located in an immediate area of the primary member before or during the energy transfer. This measure also leads to a higher energy efficiency, since the energy transfer takes place only when the secondary member is disposed adjacent to the primary member and also no jamming objects are in the air gap.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element is varied in such a way that an efficiency of the energy transmission is increased, as long as the movement of the secondary element relative to the primary element is detected.

If the distance between the primary element and the secondary element changes, the efficiency of the energy transmission first decreases. By varying at least one operating parameter of the primary element, the efficiency of the transmission can be increased. This ensures a high energy transfer efficiency even under variable conditions.

According to a further embodiment, at least one of the secondary-side operating parameters is transmitted from the secondary element to the primary element and / or at least one of the primary-side operating parameters from the primary element to the secondary element.

The transmission of the operating parameters between the energy transfer elements is in most cases a redundant information to the locally acquired data.

This redundancy increases the safety and reliability of the energy transfer. In addition, the transmission of the operating parameters due to the redundancy is not security-relevant and can therefore be implemented in a simple manner. The complexity of the energy transfer and the associated control is thereby reduced.

In addition to the operating parameters, other information elements can also be transmitted which influence the control of the energy transmission (for example, a separately determined air gap height).

In a further embodiment, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is adjusted based on the secondary-side operating parameter received at the primary member.

If, for example, an interfering object is detected in the air gap on the side of the secondary element during the energy transmission, this can be transmitted as information to the primary element. This measure increases the reliability of the energy transfer and leads to a simpler process on the side of the primary element, since this information (disturbing object in the air gap) does not have to be derived from a course of the primary-side operating parameters.

According to a further embodiment, the secondary element is switched to the predefined state on the basis of the primary-side operating parameter received at the secondary element.

For example, the primary member may communicate the information to the secondary member that the power transmission will soon be terminated. When switching off the energy transfer, there is a risk that overvoltages may occur which can lead to damage of energy receivers on the secondary side. On the basis of the transmitted information (termination of the energy transfer) preparatory measures can be initiated on the side of the secondary link, which prevent this damage.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the following physical quantities is detected as the operating parameters of the primary element or the secondary element: an electric current of the primary element or the secondary element, an electrical voltage of the primary element or the secondary element, and / or a frequency of the electric current or the electric voltage ,

These quantities can be used to easily determine the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the primary element and the secondary element. In this case, an AC voltage / AC current and / or a DC voltage / DC current can be detected on the primary side and / or secondary side.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the energy transmission arrangement, the primary element and the secondary element each have an electrical coil and / or an antenna for emitting or receiving the electrical energy, a transceiver unit for transmitting at least one operating parameter of the primary element and / or the secondary element, and a Control unit for controlling the energy delivery or the energy consumption.

In this embodiment, the transceiver unit may be, for example, an SRD (short range device). Alternatively, the transmitting / receiving unit can be set up to modulate the data to be transmitted (for example, the operating parameters) to the magnetic and / or electromagnetic energy transmission. Since the transmission of the at least one operating parameter represents a redundant information, in an alternative embodiment, the primary element and the secondary element can also be designed without a transmitting / receiving unit.

In a further alternative embodiment of the energy transmission arrangement, the control unit may be designed only on the primary side or only on the secondary side.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the energy transmission arrangement is the primary member is a component of a ground station that can be coupled to an electric power supply network; and the secondary member is a component of an electrically driven vehicle that is configured to charge a traction battery arranged in the vehicle by means of the ground station.

As an alternative to this embodiment, the primary element can also be installed in the vehicle and the secondary element in the ground station. Consequently, in this application, the energy stored in the vehicle is fed into the electric power grid (Smart Grid).

In addition, the power transmission arrangement according to the invention can be used in any type of vehicle (for example, passenger cars, commercial vehicles, maritime vehicles, electrically powered bicycles, etc.).

It is understood that the features, properties and advantages of the method according to the invention also apply correspondingly to the device according to the invention or are applicable.

Brief description of the drawings

1 shows in schematic form an energy transfer arrangement with a primary member and a secondary member;

2 shows a diagram for explaining an exemplary initialization of the primary member and the secondary member according to the inventive method;

3 shows a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the method according to the invention, if an object between the primary member and the secondary member device; and

4 shows a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the method according to the invention, if the distance between the primary member and the secondary member decreases.

For the description of the figures will be assumed below that the secondary link is installed on the side of an electrically driven motor vehicle and the primary member on the side of a ground station, which is adapted to transmit energy to the electrically driven motor vehicle. It is understood that this assignment can also be changed for other applications (for example Smart Grid) and that the energy transmission arrangement according to the invention can also be used in other charging stations / vehicles.

Embodiments of the invention

In 1 a power transmission arrangement is shown schematically and generally with 10 designated. The energy transfer arrangement 10 has a primary link 12 for discharging electrical energy and a secondary link 14 to absorb the electrical energy. The primary link 12 is by means of a power supply adapter 16 with an electrical power supply network 18 coupled. The power supply adapter 16 (EVSE: electric vehicle supply equipment) is equipped inter alia to monitor the transmission of electrical energy, to detect hardware errors and to interrupt the transmission of energy, for example, if the operation of the power transmission arrangement 10 is disturbed. The primary link 12 and the power supply adapter 16 form part of an in 1 unspecified ground station.

The primary link 12 is in this embodiment, magnetic (inductive) with the secondary link 14 coupled. In an alternative embodiment, the primary member 12 and the secondary link 14 additionally or alternatively be electromagnetically coupled to each other. The secondary link 14 forms part of a charging device of a 1 unspecified electrically driven vehicle. The secondary link 14 is with a traction battery 20 and a CAN bus 22 coupled electrically powered vehicle.

In detail, the primary member 12 a power electronics 24 and a coil 26 to give up the energy. This shows the power electronics 24 a frequency converter 28 for adjusting the mains frequency and the energy transmission frequency, an amplifier 30 and a reactive power compensator 32 to compensate for stray or reactive power, which can be carried out in series or in parallel.

In addition, the primary link points 12 a control unit 34 for controlling the energy delivery. The control unit 34 can with the power grid 18 be coupled, for example, control parameters or operating parameters of the primary element 12 with the power supply network 18 exchange. Furthermore, the primary member 12 a transmitting / receiving unit 36 on, which may for example be designed as SRD (short range device). The transmitting / receiving unit 36 serves to transmit the operating parameters of the primary link 12 and / or the secondary link 14 , Optionally, the transmitting / receiving unit 36 also transmit other information elements needed to control the transmission of energy (for example, transmission of the information that the power transmission is turned off).

The secondary link 14 has a coil 38 to absorb the energy and power electronics 40 on. This shows the power electronics 40 a reactive power compensator 42 to compensate for stray or reactive power, which can be carried out in series or in parallel, a rectifier 44 and optionally a DC-DC converter 46 on, which is set up, an output-side DC voltage of the rectifier 44 to a voltage value of one with the traction battery 20 coupled electrical network.

In addition, the secondary link 14 a control unit 48 for controlling the energy consumption. The control unit 48 can over the CAN bus 22 (or any other communication bus within the vehicle), for example, be connected to a battery management system (BMS) of the electrically powered vehicle, the charging of the traction battery 20 controls. Furthermore, the secondary link 14 a transmitting / receiving unit 50 which is implemented, for example, as SRD (short range device). The transmitting / receiving unit 50 serves to transmit the operating parameters of the primary link 12 and / or the secondary link 14 , Optionally, further information elements can be transmitted which are relevant for the control of the energy transmission: for example manufacturer of the traction battery 20 , Air gap height between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 , Load state of the vehicle, operating parameters of the traction battery 20 , Tire pressure etc.

As operating parameter of the primary element 12 At the reference point P1, an alternating voltage, an alternating current and / or a frequency of the alternating voltage or the alternating current can be detected. Analogously, at the reference point S1, an alternating voltage, an alternating current and / or a frequency of the alternating voltage or of the alternating current can be used as the operating parameter of the secondary element 14 be determined. Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to measure a DC voltage and / or a DC current at the reference point S2 and these as operating parameters of the secondary link 14 to use.

The measurement of the operating parameters preferably takes place both on the side of the primary element 12 as well as on the side of the secondary link 14 , Alternatively, the measurement of the operating parameters may only be on the side of the primary element 12 be performed. In these embodiments, the transmission of the operating parameters is by means of the transceiver units 36 . 50 optional, since the control of the energy transfer can be performed only on the basis of the locally measured operating parameters. However, the redundancy increases the reliability of the energy transfer. For cost savings, the primary link 12 and the secondary link 14 even without the transmitting / receiving units 36 . 50 be formed.

In a further alternative embodiment, the measurement of the operating parameters is merely on the side of the secondary link 14 executed, so is a transmission of the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 to the primary link 12 imperative to initiate, for example, a shutdown of the energy transfer.

If the electrically driven vehicle is parked above the ground station, initially an initialization of the primary link will take place 12 and the secondary link 14 performed for mutual recognition of the adjacent positioning. In this case, the adjacent positioning only from the detected operating parameters of the primary element 12 and / or the secondary link 14 and a subsequent comparison of the operating parameters with corresponding reference values. Optionally, the sensed operating parameters may be between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 by means of the transceiver units 36 . 50 be replaced. The resulting redundancy increases the operational reliability of the energy transfer. In addition, an exchange of operating parameters can speed up and / or simplify the mutual recognition process.

Once the initialization of the primary link 12 and the secondary link 14 is successfully completed (that is, a mutual recognition has taken place), then the energy from the primary link 12 on the secondary link 14 transfer and the traction battery 20 loaded. The energy transfer occurs through the magnetic / inductive coupling of the two coils 26 . 38 ,

Device during the energy transfer an object in an air gap between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 , so the energy transfer is terminated to minimize the risk potential of energy transfer and to ensure operational safety. In this case, the object is merely based on a measurement of the operating parameters of the primary element 12 and / or the secondary link 14 and a subsequent comparison of the operating parameters with corresponding reference values. Optionally, the acquired operating parameters and possibly further information elements may additionally be between the primary element 12 and the secondary member 14 be replaced. In this case, the shutdown of the energy transfer, for example due to a on the primary element 12 received operating parameters of the secondary link 14 respectively. To exchange the data, the transmitting / receiving units 36 . 50 modulate the data to be transmitted on the magnetic / electromagnetic power transmission.

Changes during a charging process of the traction battery 20 the distance between the primary link 12 and the secondary member 14 (For example, by loading the vehicle), so are resonant circuits of the reactive power compensators 32 . 42 adjusted and thus reduces the efficiency of energy transfer. The reduction of the efficiency is in turn by measuring the operating parameters of the primary element 12 and / or the secondary link 14 and a subsequent comparison of the detected operating parameters with corresponding reference values. By changing at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element 12 , For example, the frequency of energy transfer, the efficiency of energy transfer can be increased.

2 shows a diagram for explaining an exemplary initialization of the primary element 12 and the secondary link 14 according to a method of the invention 60 , In this case, to the left of a dividing line T is the initialization of the primary element 12 as part of the ground station and to the right of the dividing line T the initialization of the secondary link 14 shown as part of the electrically powered motor vehicle.

In a first step 62 the motor vehicle is parked above the ground station. In one step 64 is used in the motor vehicle instead of the traction battery 20 a predefined first load resistor R1 is set. On the side of the primary link 12 gets in one step 65 issued a test energy to check whether the vehicle is located above the ground station and on the side of the secondary link 14 to enable detection of the ground station. This is done on the side of the secondary link 14 in one step 66 at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 detects (for example, a voltage, a current and / or a frequency) and checks whether the detected operating parameter of the secondary link 14 coincides with a corresponding secondary-side test reference value for voltage, current and / or frequency. If so, it will be on the side of the secondary link 14 in a further step 67 determined that the ground station is located under the motor vehicle.

For detecting the adjacent parked motor vehicle on the side of the ground station is in one step 68 at least one of the operating parameters (voltage, current and / or frequency) of the primary element 12 and compared with the corresponding first primary-side test reference value for voltage, current or frequency. The detected operating parameter of the primary element is correct 12 coincides with the first primary-side check reference value, then in one step 70 determined that neither vehicle nor objects are above the ground station. Therefore, the emission of the test energy becomes one step 72 finished and the coil 26 switched off.

Since in the present example the motor vehicle is above the ground station, the detected operating parameter deviates from the first primary-side test reference value. Thus, in one step 74 detected that an object is above the ground station. However, it can not be clarified until this step, whether it is any object or the motor vehicle, since the test energy is absorbed by both the arbitrary object and the motor vehicle. For this reason, in a further step 76 checked whether the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 coincides with a second primary-side check reference value. If the detected operating parameter deviates from the second primary-side test reference value, then in one step 78 determined that an object / object (but not the motor vehicle) is above the ground station. Consequently, the release of the test energy according to the step 72 completed.

In the present example, however, the detected operating parameter of the primary element is correct 12 with the second primary-side check reference value, since the motor vehicle is parked above the ground station and also the predefined first load resistance R1 has been set in the motor vehicle.

After the comparison according to the step 76 It is also likely from the ground station's point of view that the motor vehicle is above the ground station. However, it must still be ensured that there is not an object above the ground station that is configured in such a way that the second primary-side test reference value occurs by chance.

For this purpose, in the motor vehicle in one step 80 a second predefined load resistor R2 is connected to the first load resistor R1. The second predefined load resistor R2 can, for example, be switched on after a predefined period of time, which differs from the detection of the ground station on the side of the secondary link 14 measured to the current time. On the side of the primary link 12 now becomes the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 in one step 82 compared with a corresponding third primary-side check reference value. If the detected operating parameter deviates from the third primary-side test reference value, then in one step 84 found that an object is above the ground station, which is designed so that the detected operating parameters of the primary element 12 coincidentally corresponds to the second primary-side check reference value. Thus, according to the step 72 the delivery of the test energy stops.

In the present example, the detected operating parameter of the primary element corresponds 12 However, the third primary-side test reference value, since in the motor vehicle, the second predefined load resistance R2 has been switched on. As a result of this comparison results in one step 86 beyond doubt that the motor vehicle is parked above the ground station. The initialization of the primary link 12 and the secondary link 14 is thus successfully completed. As a result, the delivery of the test energy in one step 88 to be ended. Furthermore, the regular energy transfer from the primary link 12 on the secondary link 14 in one step 90 to be started.

The process steps out 2 can be applied essentially analogously, if energy from the traction battery 20 into the power grid 18 (Smart Grid) and thus the primary link 12 in the electrically driven motor vehicle and the secondary link 14 installed in the ground station.

3 shows a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the method according to the invention 60 if an object is between the primary link 12 and the secondary link 14 device. It should again be assumed that the primary link 12 in the ground station and the secondary link 14 is installed in the electrically driven motor vehicle. After it has been found that no object between the primary link 12 and the secondary member 14 is located, the charging process of the traction battery 20 or the energy transfer from the primary member 12 on the secondary link 14 started or continued. Depending on the state of charge of the traction battery 20 In doing so, reference values for current, voltage and frequency are set which are continuously monitored during the entire charging process. The reference values are in a range depending on the state of charge of the traction battery 20 specified by the manufacturer.

In one step 102 Let it be assumed that a disturbing object is in the air gap between the primary element 12 and the secondary member moved in. This disruptive object can be, for example, an object, an animal or even an extremity of a human being. Because during the energy transfer in a spatial area between the primary member 12 the ground station and the vehicle-side secondary link 14 a magnetic field of high field strength and flux density is established, body currents can be induced or heated metal-conductive objects. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken to ensure the reliability of the energy transfer. This will be explained by the following steps. Left of the dividing line T off 3 are the process steps on the side of the primary link 12 and to the right of the dividing line T, the process steps on the side of the secondary link 14 shown.

First, in one step 104 at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element 12 detected. As operating parameter of the primary element 12 For example, the alternating voltage, the alternating current and / or the frequency of the alternating voltage or of the alternating current at the reference point P1 can be determined. In addition, from the particular operating parameters a current apparent power of the primary element 12 be derived. In one step 106 becomes at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 detected. As an operating parameter of the secondary link, the AC voltage, the AC current and / or the frequency at the reference point S1 and / or the DC voltage or DC current at the reference point S2 can be measured. Furthermore, from the measured operating parameters of the secondary link 14 a secondary-side apparent power are derived.

In one step 108 becomes the at least one detected operating parameter of the secondary link 14 compared with secondary reference values. If the operating parameter deviates from the corresponding secondary-side reference value and also a reduced apparent power of the secondary link 14 is present, the penetration of an interfering object into the air gap between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 detected. As a result, the secondary link becomes 14 in one step 110 switched to a defined state. In the present example, this is done in the secondary link 14 the predefined first load resistor R1 is set. Furthermore, the second predefined load resistor R2 is connected after a predefined period of time. In an alternative embodiment, the coil 38 of the secondary link 14 also be switched in a short circuit.

In one step 112 become the operating parameters of the primary element measured at different times 12 compared with primary-side reference values corresponding to the second and third primary-side test reference values. If no object were located in the air gap, the second and third primary-side test reference values would have to be used as operating parameters of the primary element due to the circuit of the first and second load resistors R1, R2 12 to adjust. However, since there is a disturbance object in the present example, the detected operating parameters of the primary link are different 12 either from the second or the third primary test reference values. Thus, in one step 114 on the side of the primary link 12 found that a faulty object has penetrated into the air gap. As a result, in one step 116 the energy transfer is interrupted. The sink 26 is switched off. By switching off the energy transfer, the risk potential can be reduced.

4 shows a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the method according to the invention 60 if the distance between the primary link 12 and the secondary member 14 during a charging process of the traction battery 20 reduced.

In one step 120 First, energy is taken from the primary element 12 on the secondary link 14 transfer. As a result, the traction battery becomes 20 charged with energy.

In one step 122 should be assumed that the distance between the primary link 12 and the secondary member 14 reduced. This results for example from the fact that the vehicle is loaded or lose the tires of the vehicle air. Due to the changed distance, the efficiency of the charging process is reduced. In one step 124 become the operating parameters of the primary link 12 detected. Furthermore, the apparent operating parameters, which are composed of a reactive power and an active power, are derived from the acquired operating parameters.

In one step 126 become the operating parameters of the primary link 12 compared with the primary-side reference values. Will be on the side of the primary link 12 registered higher reactive power at constant apparent power and also deviate from the operating parameters of the primary-side reference values, the distance change is on the side of the primary element 12 detected. As a result, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element 12 changed in order to increase the efficiency of energy transfer and the charging efficiency. In particular, the optimum of the energy transfer is achieved at a certain frequency, that of the distance between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 is dependent. In summary, the change in distance between the energy transfer members 12 . 14 are derived solely from the recorded operating parameters. In this way, the efficiency of the energy transfer can be optimized in a simple way in the case of changed boundary conditions (for example distance change).

In an alternative embodiment, the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 be recorded. These can, for example, by means of the transmitting / receiving units 36 . 50 to the primary link 12 be transmitted. By means of a subsequent evaluation of the secondary-side operating parameters, the efficiency of the energy transmission is finally increased.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009033236 A1 [0006]

Claims (16)

Procedure ( 60 ) for operating an energy transfer arrangement ( 10 ), wherein the energy transfer arrangement ( 10 ) a primary element ( 12 ) for discharging electrical energy and a secondary element ( 14 ) for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) are designed to be movable relative to one another and can be magnetically and / or electromagnetically coupled for transmitting the electrical energy, and wherein the primary element ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) have a plurality of operating parameters, comprising the steps of: - transmitting the electrical energy from the primary element ( 12 ) to the secondary member ( 14 ), - detecting at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ), - comparing the operating parameter of the primary element ( 12 ) with primary-side reference values for the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the primary element ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) and thus a disturbing object between the primary element ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) and / or movement of the secondary link ( 14 ) relative to the primary member ( 12 ), and - varying at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ), provided that the operating parameter of the primary element ( 12 ) deviates from the primary-side reference values. Method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary member ( 14 ) prior to detecting the operating parameter of the primary member ( 12 ) is switched to a predefined state to at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) to vary. Method according to claim 2, wherein the secondary member ( 14 ) is switched to the predefined state at a predefined time interval. Method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link ( 14 ) and wherein the secondary member ( 14 ) in dependence on a comparison of the operating parameter of the secondary element ( 14 ) is switched to the predefined state with secondary-side reference values. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein prior to transmitting the electrical energy from the primary member ( 12 ) to the secondary member ( 14 ) the following steps are carried out: - emitting an electrical test energy by means of the primary element ( 12 ), - detecting at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary element ( 14 ), and - comparing the operating parameter of the secondary link ( 14 ) with secondary-side test reference values in order to determine on the secondary link side ( 14 ) the adjacently arranged primary element ( 12 ) to recognize. The method of claim 5, wherein prior to transmitting the electrical energy from the primary member ( 12 ) to the secondary member ( 14 ), the following steps are carried out: - changing an electrical size of the secondary link ( 14 ) as a function of the comparison of the operating parameter of the secondary element ( 14 ) with secondary-side test reference values to at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ), - detecting at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ), and - comparing the operating parameter of the primary element ( 12 ) with primary-side test reference values in order to determine on the primary element side ( 12 ) the adjacently arranged secondary member ( 14 ), whereby the electrical energy from the primary element ( 12 ) to the secondary member ( 14 ), provided that the adjacent positioning of the primary member ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) is recognized on both sides. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of varying the electrical size of the secondary member ( 14 ) changing an electrical resistance of the secondary member ( 14 ) having. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) is varied in such a way that the energy transmission is interrupted if the interfering object between the primary element ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) is recognized. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) is varied such that an energy transfer efficiency is increased, provided that the movement of the secondary link ( 14 ) relative to the primary member ( 12 ) is recognized. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the secondary-side operating parameters of the secondary member ( 14 ) on the primary member ( 12 ) and / or at least one of the primary-side operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) to the secondary member ( 14 ) is transmitted. Method according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) on the basis of the at the primary member ( 12 ) received secondary-side operating parameter is adjusted. Method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the secondary member ( 14 ) on the basis of the at the secondary member ( 14 ) received primary-side operating parameter is switched to the predefined state. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one of the following physical quantities as operating parameters of the primary element ( 12 ) or the secondary member ( 14 ): - an electrical current of the primary element ( 12 ) or the secondary member ( 14 ), - an electrical voltage of the primary element ( 12 ) or the secondary member ( 14 ), - a frequency of the electric current or the electric voltage. Energy transfer arrangement ( 10 ), comprising: - a primary element ( 12 ) for discharging electrical energy, and - a secondary element ( 14 ) for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) are designed to be movable relative to one another and can be magnetically and / or electromagnetically coupled for transmitting the electrical energy, and wherein the primary element ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) at least one control unit ( 34 . 48 ) arranged to perform the method ( 60 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13. Energy transfer assembly according to claim 14, wherein the primary member ( 12 ) and the secondary member ( 14 ) each - an electric coil ( 26 . 38 ) and / or an antenna for emitting or receiving the electrical energy, - a transmitting / receiving unit ( 36 . 50 ) for transmitting at least one operating parameter of the primary element ( 12 ) and / or the secondary member ( 14 ), and - a control unit ( 34 . 48 ) for controlling the energy output or the energy consumption. Energy transfer arrangement according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the primary element ( 12 ) a component of an electric power supply network ( 18 ) and the secondary link ( 14 ) is a component of an electrically driven vehicle that is configured to control a traction battery ( 20 ) by means of the ground station.

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