DE102010007975B4 - Charging station for an electrical energy storage and associated electrical energy storage - Google Patents
Charging station for an electrical energy storage and associated electrical energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010007975B4 DE102010007975B4 DE201010007975 DE102010007975A DE102010007975B4 DE 102010007975 B4 DE102010007975 B4 DE 102010007975B4 DE 201010007975 DE201010007975 DE 201010007975 DE 102010007975 A DE102010007975 A DE 102010007975A DE 102010007975 B4 DE102010007975 B4 DE 102010007975B4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/302—Cooling of charging equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
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- H02J2105/37—
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- H02J7/70—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Ladestation (1) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (2) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (3), mit einer Stromquelle, die mittels wenigstens eines Ladekabels an den Energiespeicher anschließbar ist, wobei die Ladestation (1) eine Kühleinrichtung (10) mit wenigstens einer an das Kraftfahrzeug (3) anschließbaren Kühlleitung (8, 9, 18) zum Zuführen eines Kühlmittels zu dem Energiespeicher (2) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Ladekabel (5, 16, 17) eine Steckverbindung (6) und die wenigstens eine Kühlleitung (8, 9, 18) eine Kupplung (11, 12) aufweist und die Steckverbindung und die Kupplung in einer gemeinsamen Verbindungseinheit (14) münden, die mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit (15) koppelbar ist.Charging station (1) for an electrical energy store (2) of a motor vehicle (3), having a power source which can be connected to the energy store by means of at least one charging cable, the charging station (1) having a cooling device (10) with at least one motor vehicle (10). 3) connectable cooling line (8, 9, 18) for supplying a coolant to the energy store (2), characterized in that the at least one charging cable (5, 16, 17) has a plug connection (6) and the at least one cooling line (8 , 9, 18) has a coupling (11, 12) and the plug connection and the coupling open in a common connection unit (14) which can be coupled to a vehicle-side connection unit (15).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ladestation für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs, mit einer Stromquelle, die mittels wenigstens eines Ladekabels an den Energiespeicher anschließbar ist, wobei die Ladestation eine Kühleinrichtung mit wenigstens einer an das Kraftfahrzeug anschließbaren Kühlleitung zum Zuführen eines Kühlmittels zu dem Energiespeicher aufweist.The invention relates to a charging station for an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle, with a power source which is connectable by means of at least one charging cable to the energy storage, wherein the charging station has a cooling device with at least one connectable to the motor vehicle cooling line for supplying a coolant to the energy storage.
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Fahrzeuge mit elektrischem Antrieb erhalten ihre Energie von elektrischen Speichern, die als Batterien, Hybridkondensatoren oder Doppelschichtkondensatoren ausgebildet sein können. Die Antriebsenergie wird in dem elektrischen Energiespeicher im Aktivmaterial elektrostatisch in der Doppelschicht bzw. elektrochemisch gespeichert und später für den Antrieb oder zur Antriebsunterstützung benutzt, insbesondere auch bei „Plug-in-Hybridfahrzeugen” und „Range Extendern”. Das Aufladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers erfolgt an einer Ladestation, die eine Stromquelle aufweist. Über ein Ladekabel wird dem elektrischen Energiespeicher Energie zum späteren Antreiben des Elektrofahrzeugs zugeführt. In der Vergangenheit waren mehrstündige Aufladedauern erforderlich, um entladene elektrische Energiespeicher wieder aufzuladen. Um diesen Nachteil zu beseitigen wird gegenwärtig versucht, Schnellladeverfahren zu entwickeln, mit denen Aufladezeiten im Minutenbereich erzielt werden können. Problematisch ist allerdings, dass bei einer Schnellladung hohe Verlustleistungen entstehen, die zu Abwärmeströmen in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 100 kW führen, die von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher des Fahrzeugs abzuführen sind. Die Begrenzung der Temperatur des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist wichtig, da bei einer Erwärmung über eine bestimmte Grenztemperatur hinaus die Degradation der in dem elektrischen Energiespeicher enthaltenen Batterien, Hybridkondensatoren oder Doppelschichtkondensatoren stark erhöht wird, wodurch deren Lebensdauer in nicht akzeptabler Weise sinkt.Vehicles with electric drive get their energy from electrical storage, which can be configured as batteries, hybrid capacitors or double-layer capacitors. The drive energy is electrostatically stored in the electrical energy storage in the active material in the double layer or electrochemically and later used for the drive or drive support, especially in "plug-in hybrid vehicles" and "range extenders". The charging of the electrical energy storage takes place at a charging station, which has a power source. About a charging cable energy is supplied to the electrical energy storage for later driving the electric vehicle. In the past, several hours of charging were required to recharge discharged electrical energy storage. In order to overcome this drawback, it is currently being attempted to develop rapid charging methods with which charging times in the minute range can be achieved. The problem, however, is that in a fast charging high power losses occur, which lead to waste heat flux in the order of 10 to 100 kW, which are dissipate from the electrical energy storage of the vehicle. The limitation of the temperature of the electrical energy storage is important because when heated above a certain limit temperature, the degradation of the batteries contained in the electrical energy storage, hybrid capacitors or double-layer capacitors is greatly increased, whereby their life decreases unacceptably.
Grundsätzlich wäre es möglich, den elektrischen Energiespeicher in dem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Kühleinrichtung zu versehen, diese Lösung weist jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass die Kühleinrichtung selbst eine aufwändige Technik erfordert, die neben erhöhten Kosten auch zu einem erhöhten Fahrzeuggewicht führt.In principle, it would be possible to provide the electrical energy storage in the motor vehicle with a cooling device, but this solution has the disadvantage that the cooling device itself requires a complex technology, which leads to increased costs and increased vehicle weight.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ladestation für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines Fahrzeugs zu schaffen, die eine Schnellladung ermöglicht und gleichzeitig einfach bedient werden kann.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a charging station for an electrical energy storage of a vehicle that allows fast charging and at the same time can be easily operated.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einer Ladestation der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das wenigstens eine Ladekabel eine Steckverbindung und die wenigstens eine Kühlleitung eine Kupplung aufweist und die Steckverbindung und die Kupplung in einer gemeinsamen Verbindungseinheit münden, die mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit koppelbar ist.To solve this problem is provided according to the invention in a charging station of the type mentioned that the at least one charging cable has a connector and the at least one cooling line has a coupling and open the connector and the coupling in a common connection unit which can be coupled with a vehicle-side connection unit.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass die im Wesentlichen lediglich für die Schnellladung erforderliche Kühleinrichtung auch Bestandteil der Ladestation sein kann, wodurch eine unerwünschte Zunahme der Masse des Fahrzeugs vermieden wird. Derartige Kühleinrichtungen umfassen zumindest eine Pumpe bzw. einen Kompressor, eine Rückkühleinheit und weitere aufwändige Bauteile, um den für die Kühlung erforderlichen thermodynamischen Prozess durchführen zu können. Erfindungsgemäß sind diese Komponenten der Kühleinrichtung in die vorzugsweise stationäre Ladestation integriert, sodass fahrzeugseitig lediglich ein Anschluss für eine Kühlleitung bzw. mehrere Anschlüsse für Kühlleitungen erforderlich ist bzw. sind. Wenn zwei Kühlleitungen vorgesehen sind, kann ein Kühlmittel im Kreislauf zwischen der Ladestation und dem Fahrzeug gepumpt werden. Mittels der Kühleinrichtung wird der elektrische Energiespeicher während der Schnellladung gekühlt, sodass die festgelegte Obergrenze der Temperatur nicht überschritten wird. Auf diese Weise kann eine lange Lebensdauer der Batterien, Hybridkondensatoren und Doppelschichtkondensatoren erreicht werden. Während des Fahrbetriebs des Elektrofahrzeugs wird zwar auch beim Entladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers eine Verlustleistung in Form von Abwärme abgegeben, die Verlustleistung während des Fahrbetriebs ist für viele Fahrzeuge jedoch wesentlich geringer als die Verlustleistung bei der Schnellladung.The invention is based on the recognition that the cooling device required essentially only for the fast charge can also be part of the charging station, whereby an undesired increase in the mass of the vehicle is avoided. Such cooling devices comprise at least one pump or a compressor, a recooling unit and other complex components in order to be able to carry out the thermodynamic process required for cooling. According to the invention, these components of the cooling device are integrated in the preferably stationary charging station, so that only one connection for a cooling line or a plurality of connections for cooling lines is or are required on the vehicle side. If two cooling lines are provided, a coolant may be circulated between the charging station and the vehicle. By means of the cooling device, the electrical energy storage is cooled during the rapid charge, so that the set upper limit of the temperature is not exceeded. In this way, a long life of the batteries, hybrid capacitors and double-layer capacitors can be achieved. During the driving of the electric vehicle, although a power loss in the form of waste heat is discharged even when unloading the electrical energy storage, the power loss during driving is for many vehicles, however, much lower than the power loss during fast charging.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation ist vorgesehen, dass das wenigstens eine Ladekabel eine Steckverbindung und dass die wenigstens eine Kühlleitung eine Kupplung aufweist und dass die Steckverbindung und die Kupplung in einer gemeinsamen Verbindungseinheit münden, die mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit koppelbar ist. Durch die Integration des Anschlusses der Kühlleitung und der Steckverbindung muss zur Durchführung eines Schnellladevorgangs lediglich die Verbindungseinheit angekoppelt werden, wodurch die Benutzung besonders einfach ist. Der Benutzer kann die Verbindungseinheit praktisch mit einem einzigen Handgriff anschließen, wodurch sowohl das oder die Ladekabel als auch die Kühlleitung bzw. die mehreren Kühlleitungen automatisch richtig angeschlossen werden. In the charging station according to the invention it is provided that the at least one charging cable has a plug connection and that the at least one cooling line has a coupling and that the plug connection and the coupling open in a common connection unit which can be coupled to a vehicle-side connection unit. Due to the integration of the connection of the cooling line and the plug connection, only the connection unit has to be coupled in order to carry out a rapid charging process, whereby the use is particularly simple. The user can connect the connection unit virtually with a single handle, whereby both the charging cable (s) and the cooling line (s) are automatically connected correctly.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Verbindungseinheit der Ladestation einen Sensor aufweist, der so ausgebildet ist, dass bei einer fehlenden oder unvollständigen Kopplung mit der fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit ein Warnsignal gegeben wird und/oder das Aufladen des Energiespeichers gesperrt oder unterbrochen wird. Der Sensor dient dabei als Kontaktsensor, der eine Überwachung der Kontaktierung der fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit mit der der Ladestation zugeordneten Verbindungseinheit ermöglicht. Falls der Kontakt nicht ordnungsgemäß ist, beispielsweise wenn lediglich das oder die Ladekabel kontaktiert sind, nicht jedoch die oder eine Kühlleitung, wird ein Warnsignal gegeben oder das Aufladen des Energiespeichers wird gesperrt oder unterbrochen, sodass der Benutzer eine ordnungsgemäße Kontaktierung herstellen kann. Durch den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Sensor wird verhindert, dass der elektrische Energiespeicher aufgeladen wird, ohne dass die erforderliche Kühlung sichergestellt ist.According to one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the connection unit of the charging station has a sensor which is designed so that in case of a missing or incomplete coupling with the vehicle-side connection unit, a warning signal is given and / or the charging of the energy storage is blocked or interrupted , The sensor serves as a contact sensor, which allows monitoring of the contacting of the vehicle-side connection unit with the connection unit assigned to the charging station. If the contact is improper, for example if only one or more charging leads are contacted, but not the cooling line (s), a warning signal will be given or the charging of the energy storage device will be disabled or interrupted so that the user can make a proper contact. The inventively provided sensor prevents the electrical energy storage is charged without the required cooling is ensured.
Die Handhabung und der Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation können weiter vereinfacht werden, indem das wenigstens eine Ladekabel und wenigstens eine Kühlleitung, vorzugsweise zwei Kühlleitungen, als gemeinsame Einheit zusammengefasst sind. Die gemeinsame Einheit kann beispielsweise als Leitung mit vergrößertem Durchmesser, Schlauch oder Kabel ausgebildet sein und vereint das oder die Ladekabel zum Zuführen von elektrischer Energie und die Kühlleitung bzw. die Kühlleitungen, um den elektrischen Energiespeicher während der Schnellladung zu kühlen. Bei dieser besonders benutzerfreundlichen Variante muss der Anwender lediglich die gemeinsame Einheit an die fahrzeugseitige Verbindungseinheit ankoppeln, um die Aufladung durchzuführen. In diesem Zusammenhang kann es weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass ein Ladekabel als Hohlleiter ausgebildet ist und in seinem Inneren wenigstens eine Kühlleitung aufweist. Durch diese Integration der Kühlleitung in das Ladekabel erfolgt darüber hinaus eine Kühlung des Ladekabels, das sich ansonsten bei der Schnellladung ebenfalls erwärmen würde.The handling and operation of the charging station according to the invention can be further simplified by the at least one charging cable and at least one cooling line, preferably two cooling lines, are combined as a common unit. The common unit may be formed, for example, as an enlarged diameter cable, hose or cable and combines the charging cable or cables for supplying electrical energy and the cooling line or the cooling lines to cool the electrical energy storage during rapid charging. In this particularly user-friendly variant, the user only needs to couple the common unit to the vehicle-mounted connection unit in order to carry out the charging. In this context, it can furthermore be provided that a charging cable is designed as a waveguide and has at least one cooling line in its interior. This integration of the cooling line in the charging cable is also a cooling of the charging cable, which would also heat up in the fast charge also.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann es auch vorgesehen sein, dass eine Kühlleitung, vorzugsweise zwei Kühlleitungen, hohl ausgebildet ist bzw. sind und in ihrem Inneren ein oder jeweils ein Ladekabel aufweist bzw. aufweisen. Auch bei dieser Variante erfolgt praktisch automatisch eine Kühlung der Ladekabel, die im Inneren der Kühlleitung angeordnet sind.Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that a cooling line, preferably two cooling lines, is or are hollow and has or in its interior one or in each case a charging cable or have. In this variant, a cooling of the charging cable, which are arranged in the interior of the cooling line is practically automatically done.
Es wird besonders bevorzugt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Ladestation eine Pumpe oder einen Kompressor und einen Rückkühler aufweist, darüber hinaus können weitere Bauteile vorhanden sein, die erforderlich sind, um den für die Kühlung benötigten thermodynamischen Kreislaufprozess durchzuführen.It is particularly preferred that the charging station according to the invention comprises a pump or a compressor and a recooler, in addition, other components may be present, which are required to perform the required for cooling thermodynamic cycle process.
Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Kühlmittel der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation eine organische nichtleitende Substanz ist. Wenn beispielsweise ein Öl, ein Mineralöl oder ein Silikonöl als organische nichtleitende Substanz verwendet wird, kann eine elektrisch isolierende Potentialtrennung zwischen zwei Ladekabeln entfallen. Alternativ kann auch Wasser oder ein Gemisch aus Wasser und Alkohol als Kühlmittel verwendet werden.It is also within the scope of the invention that the coolant of the charging station according to the invention is an organic nonconductive substance. For example, when an oil, a mineral oil or a silicone oil is used as the organic nonconductive substance, an electrically insulating potential separation between two charging cables may be omitted. Alternatively, water or a mixture of water and alcohol may also be used as the coolant.
Alternativ kann es bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation vorgesehen sein, dass das Kühlmittel ein Gas ist. Bei dieser Variante wird das Gas von der Ladestation zu dem elektrischen Energiespeicher gefördert, um dort die entstehende Verlustwärme abzuführen. Als Gase kommen insbesondere Luft oder Stickstoff in Frage. Wenn bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation ein Gas als Kühlmittel verwendet wird, ist es nicht unbedingt erforderlich, dieses im Kreislauf zwischen der Ladestation und dem elektrischen Energiespeicher zu fördern, stattdessen kann das Gas auch lediglich von der Ladestation zu dem elektrischen Energiespeicher geführt werden, von wo aus das Gas an die Umgebung abgegeben werden kann, wodurch eine Kühlung während des Fahrbetriebs erzielt wird.Alternatively, it may be provided in the charging station according to the invention that the coolant is a gas. In this variant, the gas is conveyed from the charging station to the electrical energy storage in order to dissipate the resulting waste heat there. As gases, in particular air or nitrogen come into question. If a gas is used as the coolant in the charging station according to the invention, it is not absolutely necessary to promote this in the circuit between the charging station and the electrical energy storage, instead, the gas can also be performed only from the charging station to the electrical energy storage, from where the gas can be released to the environment, whereby cooling during driving is achieved.
Daneben betrifft die Erfindung einen elektrischen Energiespeicher für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Anschluss für wenigstens ein Ladekabel, der zum Laden an eine externe Ladestation anschließbar ist.In addition, the invention relates to an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle, with a connection for at least one charging cable which can be connected for charging to an external charging station.
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Energiespeicher zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass er ein Kühlmodul mit wenigstens einem Kühlkanal für ein Kühlmittel aufweist, durch den das Kühlmittel bei angeschlossener Ladestation zur Kühlung des elektrischen Energiespeichers zuführbar ist, wobei das Kühlmodul einen Anschluss für eine Kühlleitung aufweist, der mit einem Anschluss für das wenigstens eine Ladekabel eine gemeinsame fahrzeugsseitige Verbindungseinheit bildet, die mit einer Verbindungseinheit der Ladestation koppelbar ist.The electrical energy storage device according to the invention is characterized in that it has a cooling module with at least one cooling channel for a coolant, through which the coolant can be supplied with a connected charging station for cooling the electrical energy storage, wherein the Cooling module has a connection for a cooling line, which forms a common vehicle-side connection unit with a connection for the at least one charging cable, which can be coupled to a connection unit of the charging station.
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Energiespeicher ist für eine Nutzung zusammen mit der beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation konzipiert. Da die Kühleinrichtung in der Ladestation integriert ist, benötigt der elektrische Energiespeicher bzw. das Fahrzeug, in dem sich der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Energiespeicher befindet, keine separate und aufwändige Kühleinrichtung, wodurch sich eine beträchtliche Gewichtseinsparung und eine Einsparung von Bauraum ergibt. Stattdessen weist der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Energiespeicher lediglich ein Kühlmodul mit wenigstens einem Kühlkanal auf, um mit dem von der Ladestation zugeführten Kühlmittel den elektrischen Energiespeicher zu kühlen.The electrical energy store according to the invention is designed for use together with the described charging station according to the invention. Since the cooling device is integrated in the charging station, the electrical energy store or the vehicle in which the electrical energy store according to the invention is located does not require a separate and complex cooling device, resulting in a considerable weight saving and a saving of installation space. Instead, the electrical energy store according to the invention has only one cooling module with at least one cooling channel in order to cool the electrical energy store with the coolant supplied by the charging station.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Kühlmodul des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Energiespeichers einen Anschluss für eine Kühlleitung aufweist, der mit einem Anschluss für das wenigstens eine Ladekabel eine gemeinsame fahrzeugseitige Verbindungseinheit bildet, die mit einer Verbindungseinheit der Ladestation koppelbar ist. Analog zu der bereits beschriebenen gemeinsamen oder integralen Verbindungseinheit der Ladestation kann auch der entsprechende Anschluss des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Energiespeichers integral oder einstückig ausgebildet sein, sodass lediglich eine Verbindungseinheit anzuschließen ist, um eine Schnellladung durchzuführen.According to the invention, the cooling module of the electrical energy store according to the invention has a connection for a cooling line, which forms a common vehicle-side connection unit with a connection for the at least one charging cable, which can be coupled to a connection unit of the charging station. Analogous to the common or integral connection unit of the charging station already described, the corresponding terminal of the electrical energy store according to the invention can also be formed integrally or in one piece, so that only one connecting unit has to be connected in order to carry out a fast charge.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Energiespeicher kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Verbindungseinheit einen Sensor aufweist, der so ausgebildet ist, dass bei einer fehlenden oder unvollständigen Kopplung mit der Verbindungseinheit der Ladestation ein Warnsignal gegeben wird und/oder das Aufladen des Energiespeichers gesperrt oder unterbrochen wird. Der Sensor kann somit entweder in der fahrzeugseitigen Verbindungseinheit oder in der der Ladestation zugeordneten Verbindungseinheit angeordnet sein. Der Sensor verhindert, dass der Schnellladevorgang beginnt oder fortgesetzt wird, falls die Zufuhr des Kühlmittels nicht gewährleistet ist.In the case of the electrical energy store according to the invention, provision can be made for the connecting unit to have a sensor which is designed so that a warning signal is given in the event of a missing or incomplete coupling with the connecting unit of the charging station and / or the charging of the energy store is blocked or interrupted. The sensor can thus be arranged either in the vehicle-side connection unit or in the connection unit assigned to the charging station. The sensor prevents the quick charge from starting or resuming if the coolant supply is not guaranteed.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Energiespeichers kann es vorgesehen sein, dass das Kühlmodul zwei Anschlüsse für Kühlleitungen aufweist und das Kühlmittel in einem Kreislauf umwälzbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann das Kühlmittel in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt werden. Nach der Beendigung der Schnellladung genügt es, die der Ladestation zugeordneten Kühlleitungen zu entfernen, gegebenenfalls kann auch das Kühlmodul mit dem wenigstens einen Kühlkanal gegebenenfalls auch mit den mehreren Kühlkanälen, entleert werden.In a further embodiment of the electrical energy storage device according to the invention, it can be provided that the cooling module has two connections for cooling lines and the coolant can be recirculated in a cycle. In this way, the coolant can be circulated in a closed circuit. After the rapid charge has ended, it is sufficient to remove the cooling lines assigned to the charging station; if appropriate, the cooling module with the at least one cooling channel may also be emptied with the plurality of cooling channels.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind schematische Darstellungen und zeigen:Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show:
In
Der elektrische Energiespeicher
Zum Aufladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers
Wie in
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel ist in
Claims (13)
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