DE102009059971B4 - Device for storing, processing and discharging heavy-flowing bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Dryer for a non-free-flowing, structured or comminuted biomass having a container (1) for receiving the biomass with a container bottom (3) formed by the entire bottom surface engaging, individually controllable rotatable rollers (4a-f), the projections (5), wherein the rollers (4a-f) and / or the projections (5) have air passages (9) for introducing a gaseous medium (14) therethrough for drying the biomass, the rollers (4a-f) so juxtaposed and are controllable, that at standstill, the nips are largely bridged by the projections (5) and no biomass falls through, and that they move the biomass during rotation, optionally crush and / or dispense in metered form through the nips in layers.

Description

The invention relates to a device for storing and / or processing and / or discharging non-flowable, at least difficult-flowing goods, in particular bulk goods, and or for the purification of gases.

In this case, the term bulk goods or bulk goods in principle means bulk goods in the literal sense of all goods that are at best free flowing such as cereals, granules o. Ä, pourable such as wood or plastic chips, coal and the like, or otherwise are structured in small pieces such that they, such as stalks, grasses, leaves or other biomass and mixtures thereof, in particular also comminuted (chopped), are heaped up into piles without compacting to a homogeneous mass. In this sense, the term also includes appropriately structured filter materials for the purification of gases.

The materials mentioned or goods are - where not dumped on heaps - often stored for reasons of space savings, for their protection against mixing with other goods, pollution or the like, but possibly also for their easier processing in containers. Such containers are commonly fed from above, possibly laterally and also the removal of the goods is preferably done from above or to the side.

Of course, there are also containers with a discharge of the goods through the container bottom. Here offers itself once the opening of the container bottom in total, such as by folding it off, which is commonly the container is emptied in one go. Of course, it is already known to integrate in the container bottom devices for metered discharge of the goods. Thus, it is known, for example, funnel-shaped form the container bottom for pourable goods and to let him in a discharge device for metered discharge, such as in counter-rotating discharge rollers to leak.

The devices mentioned serve their purpose for many applications. They are of course unsuitable if the discharge of the goods up or to the side is undesirable, especially when it comes to carrying the goods in the container in layers, starting with the lowest layer, perhaps because this layer stored the longest, so as the first is consumed or is to be consumed or further processed, whether its processing or preparation for further use or processing has progressed furthest, or whether it is the first to be used up, and therefore replaced, when using the device as a filter and has to be disposed of

The aforementioned devices of the prior art are therefore unsuitable in particular in cases in which a continuous work in the sense of a continuous removal of about finished lower layers and a correspondingly continuous refilling of goods or materials is desired. Because such a metered stratified discharge can not be realized by any of the mentioned devices, in particular not by the mentioned funnel-shaped discharge, in which the (free-flowing) Good not stratified, but according to flow rules flows to the outlet.

The devices mentioned are particularly suitable even if the goods, stored material or material in the container, as it is layered one above the other, also continuously layered and possibly as far as possible on a large area, ideally as on the entire bottom surface of the container , about vented or otherwise with a gaseous medium such as drying air, humectants, disinfectants, refrigerants o. Ä., About - when using the device as a filter - to clean the gaseous medium to be acted upon then to processing progress, about - when using the device as a filter - after consumption of the filter effect, to be discharged continuously in layers.

For such purposes, it has already been proposed to perforated the container bottom over the entire surface for the supply of the processing means. But this is only the problem of supplying a gaseous medium through the container bottom, but not solved the problem of layered discharge of the lowest layer. For this purpose, for example, has been proposed to provide above the container bottom a device with drivers that carry the bottom layer of the material or goods laterally. In these solutions, of course, always a layer of material remains on the aeration floor and tends to clog the vents. If the material is wet, it may stick to the ventilation holes. As a result, the efficiency can be significantly reduced.

A discharge device in the bottom of a container is for example off DE 32 30 797 A1 known. For discharging fibrous material which tends to form bridges, such as glass fibers, in particular for feeding a metering device, container scales ( 4 ) or the like, is the bottom portion of a container containing this good ( 1 ) as an arrangement of pairwise counter-rotating, on the surface with helices ( 6 ) provided rolls ( 5 ) fitted. Above this roller assembly is a loosening device ( 11 ), which with a drive ( 17 ) in Connection stands and ensures a smooth movement of the goods in the direction of the bottom area. It is a uniform emergence of the goods from the container ( 1 ) and in this way precise controllability of the feed of metering devices ( 4 ) or container scales or the like.

Out DE 78 00 910 U1 is a discharge device for salt, namely a charging device for road salt silo and road salt vehicles known. DE 1 024 429 A shows a distribution device, in particular for blocking bulk material such as wood fibers or wood chips for the production of chipboard.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a device in which a good or material through the bottom of a container in which it is stored, through as large as possible, ideally the entire floor surface evenly, in layers, such as even continuously, starting with the Container bottom next, bottom layer of material can be discharged and in which the material optionally, in particular by the entry of gaseous media through the container bottom through, can be edited.

This object is achieved by a device having the features according to claim 1. Advantageous developments are defined in the dependent claims.

The inventive device for storing and / or processing and / or discharging difficult-flowing bulk materials and / or for filtering gases consists of a container for receiving the goods, the side walls and a substantially over the entire container cross-section extending container bottom has. The side walls are substantially perpendicular, but may also more or less obliquely inward or outward to the container bottom. The container bottom is arranged substantially horizontally. This configuration has the goal to provide the largest possible container bottom available through the example of gaseous media as well as possible the material or material for its processing or for their purification can be supplied and by the good for its further use, such as - at Use as a filter - also for disposal, if possible, can be discharged continuously layer by layer over the entire surface.

The container bottom according to the invention is not designed as a bottom plate, as in the prior art as a perforated plate, although a gaseous medium passes through, but not allowed to carry material through them, so that it must be discharged differently, approximately to the side. Rather, the container bottom is inventively formed from a total of the bottom surface engaging plurality of rotatable rollers.

The rollers are arranged side by side and designed so that the resting on them Good, when the rollers in storage operation or for charging the goods with a gaseous medium stand, especially not down through gaps between the rollers passes through, but the resting Good when needed For example, if its (machining) condition makes it appear indicated, it can be carried out by rotating the rollers all the way down the bottom surface through the roller base. So that both are reliably ensured, the nip is therefore largely bridged at a standstill and the rollers safely take the goods for discharging, the rollers are inventively formed with projections.

How the rollers have to be arranged and designed in an individual case depends to a great extent on the type and consistency of the material or material in the container. If, for example, a relatively homogeneous material, such as grain, is introduced, the projections can be small if only the gap between the rollers is dimensioned so that the material will rest on them when the rollers are at standstill, but will be discharged downwards as soon as the rollers start turn for this purpose.

For storage and discharge of other goods, such as only limited free-flowing material, such as plastic chips, wood chips, such as pasty or partially pasty mass or biomass of all kinds, such as grass, leaves and mixtures thereof, including crushed biomass, are In contrast, more or less pronounced projections on the rollers may be necessary in order to move the material to be conveyed, for example also in addition to crush (crumble, even to cut), so that it is taken down through the nips.

The projections can then be formed, for example, as thorns, strips and slats or even as a knife. They only have to be designed in each case so that the goods that lie in contact with them essentially remain resting on them at their standstill and do not fall through the gap between rollers or protrusions.

This can be achieved, for example, that the projections, whether thorns or strips or lamellae when combing the rollers mesh with each other, so that they form a kind of labyrinth at rest, fall through the most very fine components of the material through can. However, the lamellae or even knives can also be designed and controlled in such a way that the strips or lamellae of adjacent rolls abut against each other or rest against one another, so that they then form a more or less continuous surface of the roll base.

The combing of the rollers is of course only one of several possibilities. If the resting material does not require a more or less closed support surface, the rollers and their projections can also be arranged so that the ventilation surface by wide slots makes a large-area flow through the materials possible.

In order to provide a sufficient cross-section for the supply of gaseous media even when the overlying material requires a more planar design of the soil, the rollers themselves and / or the projections, such as the lamellae or knives, air passages for the gaseous medium exhibit.

An essential feature of the invention is the proper control of the rolls.

It must first ensure that the rollers actually form a bearing surface in the storage condition, through which the material does not fall through, ie bring the rollers into an appropriate position. This is particularly important if - as mentioned above - the strips or slats at a standstill to form a continuous surface abut or abut each other. This means that the controller must ensure a corresponding position of each individual roller.

The control of the rollers must simultaneously ensure the appropriate discharge of the goods. In the simplest case, this means that the rollers, in order to enable a uniform layer-wise discharge over the entire floor surface, have to be able to be controlled in pairs so as to rotate in pairs. If necessary, however, a discharge can be displayed only in certain areas of the floor surface. The rollers must be controllable individually or in individual groups for this case.

Finally, it has been shown that the roll base can often be used in addition to the processing of the good itself. Thus, it has been found that with the rectified rotation of the rollers, clockwise or counterclockwise, or pulsating in the direction of change, the consistency of the material and its processing can be positively influenced with gaseous media, such as agglomerations / clumping of the goods are dissolved Good is homogenized. For example, air passages created in the material can be closed again by the rotations of the rolls due to the supply of air, for which purpose the device provided above the material will contribute to the generation of a uniform dumping height. This also requires a corresponding control of the rollers.

Under the container bottom, a device for removal of the discharged good can be provided. It may consist of at least one conveyor belt or at least one screw conveyor or any other conveyor.

An essential aspect of the device according to the invention is the continuous layered working. This includes in addition to the continuous stratified discharge of the goods and a continuous stratified entry of goods in the container and while maintaining a constant as possible, but in any case over the container cross-section uniform dumping height of the goods in the container. A corresponding distributor, such as one or more fans or fan (s) or a mechanically acting, preferably rotating distributor, ensure this.

In order to optimize the distribution process, level gauges can monitor the uniform bed height of the biomass and optionally correct the function of the distribution device controlling.

The processing of the goods takes place essentially by the supply of gaseous media through the container bottom. Depending on the type and condition of the product and the purpose of the processing, gaseous medium may be mere fresh air, a drying or humidifying medium, a fumigant or else a coolant or a refrigerant. For its supply through the container bottom a feeder is provided. It can also serve as a filter for supplying the gaseous medium to be filtered when using the device.

In order to be able to monitor and control the various processing operations in the container properly, corresponding measuring devices are provided in the container, in particular in the region of the container bottom and in the region of the discharge. With them, for example, can be determined whether the desired degree of drying or moisture of the goods is reached or whether a critical temperature is exceeded or fallen short of.

This is particularly important if, as further provided according to the invention, the device, for example, when used as a biomass dryer, a device for re-feeding the discharged material to the container. Because such a device for re-feeding serves primarily the purpose, not yet sufficiently dried material to run through the drying again, what it needs the determination of the degree of drying. The device for removal of the discharged Guites then expediently works together with a corresponding biomass recirculation device.

According to the invention, a device for the treatment and / or the reprocessing of the gaseous medium is further provided. Such reprocessing is important, for example, when the gaseous medium is drying air that must be dehumidified and / or heated prior to use.

This is not only important if, for example, ambient air is used as the drying medium, which will often be too moist and / or too cold for efficient drying. However, drying and / or (re) heating is particularly necessary if, as is further provided according to the invention, the biomass dryer uses the exhaust air of the dryer itself, another dryer or the like as the drying medium. Because this drying medium is then possibly already loaded by the previous drying cycle with so much moisture that it - hardly any significant further drying can be achieved without prior reprocessing. On the other hand, if the drying medium - as provided according to the invention - is reprocessed, it can be reused again and again practically in recirculation mode.

In order, for example, to use the remaining heat stored in the drying medium in an energetic manner, a heat exchanger can be attached to the dryer. With him not only the exhaust air can be removed from the residual heat (and be used to operate the dryer). At the same time, the drying medium is dehumidified, because the water vapor contained therein precipitates with the cooling. This is not only energetically but also ecologically sensible overall.

Under these conditions, for example, the waste heat of biogas or other industrial plants can be used as a drying medium.

According to the invention may further be provided an exhaust filter, by means of which the exhaust air toxic vapors and / or dust and / or annoying odors are withdrawn. This is of particular importance when the exhaust air is not - as also provided - in recirculation mode continues to remain in a substantially closed system, but is released into the environment.

Further, the device can be equipped with procedures for accumulating condensate and / or dripping water, as well as facilities for cleaning the accumulated water.

Finally, the container can be constructed in a modular manner such that it can be adapted to the amount of biomass to be introduced, in particular by increasing the overall height, for example by providing further settable wall elements which may also be insulated.

As a dryer, the device according to the invention can optionally be operated as a low or high temperature dryer.

The decisive advantage of the device according to the invention is the possibility of continuous operation.

In the prior art, the processing medium, such as drying air, must be driven through the entire mass introduced and the mass can be discharged only when the entire mass has reached the desired drying. However, this is difficult to achieve because the dry medium cools as it flows through the material and thereby reduces its ability to absorb water, so that the drying of the material parts facing away from the inflow is much slower than the drying of the materials lying directly on the influx of drying air. The first applied layers are therefore always dry faster than the layers then reached by the medium. Above all, such a uniform drying is difficult to achieve.

With the device according to the invention, such disadvantages are avoided by discharging the layers first exposed to the gas inflow, as soon as they have reached the desired residual moisture content. The unconsumed drying air can then immediately act on the next layers. It no longer has to be driven by already dry material, which results in considerable energy savings. In addition, this procedure allows a much more uniform adjustment of the residual moisture.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Showing:

1 The device according to the invention in its simplest embodiment.

2 : The inventive device according to 1 with device 10 for removal of the discharged good.

3 : The inventive device according to 1 with another device 10 goods and equipment discharged for removal 13 for supplying a gaseous medium 14 ,

4 : The inventive device according to 1 to 3 with other functionally important facilities.

5 - 8th : Different designs of rollers 4 and their projections 5 ,

1 shows the device according to the invention in its simplest embodiment with container 1 with side walls 2 and rotatable, with protrusions 5 provided rolls 4a -F formed tank bottom 3 ,

2 shows the device according to the invention 1 with device 10 for removal of the discharged good. The device for removal is here as a conveyor belt 10 educated.

3 shows the device according to the invention 1 or 2 with container 1 with side walls 2 and rotatable, with protrusions 5 provided rolls 4a -F formed tank bottom 3 , another, here as a screw conveyor 10 trained device 10 for the promotion of the discharged good and a device 13 for supplying a gaseous medium 14 ,

4 shows the device according to the invention 1 or 2 with container 1 with side walls 2 , with one of rotating rollers 4a -F formed tank bottom 3 in which the rollers with protrusions 5 are provided as thorns 6 , Strips or slats 7 or knife 8th are formed, wherein the rollers and / or the projections air outlets 9 exhibit. The device has one here as a screw conveyor 10 trained device 10 for the promotion of the discharged good, here designed as a fan device 11 to produce a uniform dumping height of the material to be loaded, a level sensor 12 , An institution 13 for supplying a gaseous medium 14 as well as measuring devices 15 for determining the degree of moisture of the goods in the container 1 near the tank bottom 3 as well as in the area of the device 10 for the removal of the discharged goods.

Next are a device 16 for re-feeding the conveyed good to the container, a device 17 for the reprocessing of the gaseous medium 14 , An institution 18 for dehumidification and heating of the dry medium, a heat exchanger 19 to use the residual heat and dehumidify drying air, an exhaust filter 20 for detoxification and / or cleaning of the exhaust air from the container of dust and / or odors, eventually expirations 21 for accumulating dripping and / or condensation water and a device 22 indicated for its purification. Only indicated is the possible construction of the container of modules 23 , which can be designed to be placed on each other in a ring shape.

5 - 8th show different designs of rolls 4 and their projections 5 , In detail:

5 shows a roller 4 with sectionally interrupted lamellae 7 or knives 8th with air outlets 9 to the passage of the gaseous medium 14 ,

6 shows a roller 4 with continuous slats 7 or knives 8th with air outlets 9 to the passage of the gaseous medium 14 ,

7 shows a roller 4 with continuous, in the radial direction of the roller 4 curved blades 7 or knives 8th ,

8th shows a roller 4 with thorns distributed over its circumference 6 as protrusions 5 ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

container

2

side walls

3

container bottom

4a-f

roll

5

projections

6

thorns

7

Moldings or slats

8th

knife

9

air outlets

10

Device for removal conveyed good / conveyor belt / screw conveyor

11

Device for producing a uniform bed height

12

level sensor

13

Device for supplying a gaseous medium

14

Gaseous medium

15

gauge

16

Device for re-feeding the conveyed material to the container

17

Device for reprocessing the gaseous medium

18

Device for dehumidifying and heating the dry medium

19

heat exchangers

20

exhaust filter

21

Drains and / or condensation drains

22

Device for water purification

23

container modules

Claims (11)

Dryers for a non-free flowing, structured or comminuted biomass containing a container ( 1 ) for receiving the biomass with a container bottom ( 3 ), the engaging through the entire bottom surface, individually controllable rotatable rollers ( 4a -F), the projections ( 5 ), wherein the rollers ( 4a -F) and / or the projections ( 5 ) Air outlets ( 9 ) to the entry of a gaseous medium ( 14 ) through it to dry the biomass, the rollers ( 4a -F) are arranged side by side and controllable such that at standstill the nips are separated by the projections ( 5 ) are largely bridged and no biomass falls through, and that they move the biomass when turning, optionally crush and / or dispense in layers through the nips in layers. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the projections ( 5 ) as thorns ( 6 ), Strips or slats ( 7 ) or as a knife ( 8th ) are formed. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rollers ( 4a -F) and / or individual rolls ( 4a -F) and / or groups of rolls ( 4a -F) right and / or left-handed, possibly also - in particular in pairs - against each other rotating or oscillating controllable. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that under the container bottom ( 3 ) a device ( 10 ) for removal through the container bottom ( 3 ) discharged biomass is provided. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device ( 13 ) for supplying the gaseous medium ( 14 ) to the container ( 1 ) through the container bottom ( 3 ). Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gaseous medium ( 14 ) is a means for drying and / or freeze-drying. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one measuring device ( 15 ) for determining the degree of moisture and / or the temperature of the biomass in the region of the container bottom ( 4 ) and / or in the area of device ( 10 ) is provided for the removal of biomass. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device ( 16 ) for re-feeding the requested biomass to the container ( 1 ). Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gaseous medium ( 14 ) Is drying air which, before being fed to the container ( 1 ) by means of a dehumidifying and / or heating device ( 18 ) is dehumidified and / or heated. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an exhaust air filter ( 20 ) by means of which the exhaust air toxic vapors and / or dust and / or annoying odors are withdrawn. Dryer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container ( 1 ) of modules ( 23 ), which may be insulation modules, is constructed, by means of which it can be adapted in particular by increasing the height of the amount of biomass to be introduced.

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