DE102009051707A1 - Multiple synchronization components for shift gear box, comprise coupling element and synchronizer body which is rotated around gear axis, where three cone rings are rotated around gear axis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multiple synchronization module (10) of a manual transmission (12), having a synchronizer body (14) which is rotatable about a transmission axis (A), a first cone ring (16) rotatable about the transmission axis (A) and one about the transmission axis (A). A) rotatable second conical ring (18) and a third conical ring (20) rotatable about the transmission axis (A), which is arranged radially between the first conical ring (16) and the second conical ring (18) and connected both to the first conical ring (16 ) and with the second cone ring (18) can form a frictional contact, the first conical ring (16) with the synchronizer body (14) and the third conical ring (20) with a gear wheel (38) of the gearbox (12) positively and torque-transmitting connected is, and wherein a separate coupling element (24) is provided which rotatably connects the first cone ring (16) and the second cone ring (18).

Description

The invention relates to a multiple synchronization assembly of a gearbox and a transmission itself.

Manual transmissions, in particular manual gearbox transmissions for vehicles, are known from the prior art and usually designed as a synchromesh transmission with a synchronization assembly. If a gear is engaged, in such transmissions a synchronizer body rotatably connected to a transmission shaft via an axially displaceable sliding sleeve is non-rotatably coupled to a gear wheel. If now be switched to another gear, the synchronization assembly initially provides for an adjustment of the speeds of the synchronizer body and the respective gear wheel, before allowing a coupling via the sliding sleeve.

The synchronizer assembly typically includes at least one cone ring engaged with the synchronizer body of the transmission and frictionally engaging the gearwheel associated with the desired gear during the shift to provide rotational speed synchronization between the synchronizer body and the gearwheel.

Synchronization modules with simple synchronization, that is to say a conical ring, and multiple synchronization, that is to say a plurality of nested conical rings, are already known from the prior art. Due to the tapered shape of the synchronous or conical rings, these synchronization assemblies are also called single-cone systems or multiple-cone systems.

Especially with large speed differences, for example when switching in low gears, multiple synchronization modules are used, as can be realized with these faster speed equalization. In the case of these multiple synchronization modules, it is currently customary to couple two conical rings coupled to the synchronizer body in a rotationally fixed manner via angled lugs which protrude into complementary recesses. The preparation of the cone rings is complicated and expensive. Between the coupled conical rings is another, with the gear wheel rotatably connected conical ring.

Instead of a rotationally fixed coupling with each other, the outer and the inner cone ring can be connected directly to the synchronizer body, which, however, creates additional expense in the formation of a driver geometry on the synchronizer body. In addition, this construction can lead to increased unlocking force at high drag torques.

The object of the invention is to provide a Mehrfachsynchronisationsbaugruppe for manual transmission, which has a high level of comfort and also the simplest possible coupling of the cone rings.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a multiple synchronization assembly of a gearbox, with a synchronizer body which is rotatable about a transmission axis, a rotatable about the transmission axis first cone ring, a rotatable about the transmission axis second cone ring, and a rotatable about the transmission axis third cone ring, the radially between the first cone ring and the second cone ring is arranged and can form a frictional contact with both the first conical ring and the second cone ring, wherein the first conical ring with the synchronizer body and the third conical ring with a gear wheel of the gearbox is positively and torque-transmitting connected, and wherein a separate coupling element is provided, which rotatably connects the first cone ring and the second cone ring with each other. This minimizes the resulting from the coupling of the conical rings manufacturing effort on the first cone ring, the second cone ring and the synchronizer body. In contrast, there is a certain overhead, which is associated with the production of the separate coupling element.

In one embodiment, the coupling element is part of a Vorsynchroneinheit the gearbox. Since the Vorsynchroneinheit is present and necessary in a manual anyway, so no new, additional component for coupling the cone rings must be made. The extra effort is thus reduced to manufacturing technology simple adjustments of the Vorsynchroneinheit.

According to the preferred embodiment, the conical rings are designed without radial projections, which greatly reduces their production costs.

In a particularly cost-effective embodiment, a pressure piece of the Vorsynchroneinheit is designed as a coupling element, which also has waiving a conical-ring-side locking teeth on its radial outer side a locking teeth. The elimination of the usual locking teeth on the cone ring reduces its production costs considerably. In contrast, the locking teeth on the coupling element can be molded with comparatively little effort. The coupling element is particularly preferably a sintered part, in particular a hardened sintered part.

Alternatively, of course, embodiments are also conceivable in which the first conical ring has a locking toothing on its outer circumference, the first conical ring being the radially outer conical ring with the largest diameter.

In a further embodiment of the multiple synchronization module, the coupling element is a synchronization block of a locking wedge synchronization unit. Even with such a construction of the gearbox has the advantage that no additional component is necessary for coupling the conical rings, but the existing sync stone additionally assumes the function of the coupling element. Just as in the case of the presynchronization unit, here too the additional effort for the separate coupling element is limited to production-related simple adjustments of the synchronizing block. Moreover, the cone rings are formed in the locking wedge synchronization without locking teeth, which significantly simplifies their production.

In a further embodiment, a plurality of conical rings are respectively provided on the two axially opposite sides of the synchronizer body to connect the synchronizer body via frictional engagement with either one of two laterally seated synchronizer gear wheels, wherein the coupling element rotatably coupled to each other the first and second conical rings of both sides. In uncoupled, axially opposite conical rings, drag torque or vibrations or vibrations in the drive train can lead to undesirable noise developments, which are caused by striking the synchronizer rings on the synchronizer body. By coupling the cone rings, the inertial mass increases and at the same time reduce the degrees of freedom of movement of the cone rings. Both contribute to a low-noise operation of the gearbox.

Particularly preferably, the coupling element is accommodated in the circumferential direction with limited displaceability in a recess on the outer circumference of the synchronizer body. By this arrangement, the coupling element can be very easily trained as a multi-functional part, which then takes over the task of the pressure piece in a Vorsynchroneinheit or the synchronous block in a locking wedge synchronization unit in addition to its cone ring coupling function.

The invention further relates to a manual transmission, in particular for a motor vehicle, with a shift sleeve, which is arranged rotatably relative to the synchronizer body, but axially displaceable, at least one gear, which can be rotatably connected via the shift sleeve with the synchronizer body, and a multiple synchronization assembly according to the Invention. About this Mehrfachsynchronisationsbaugruppe the axial displacement of the shift sleeve can be disabled or released to at least one gear. Preferably, however, gear wheels are provided on both axial sides of the synchronizer body, which are selectively coupled to the synchronizer body.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. In these show:

1 a cross-sectional detail of a section of a gearbox according to the invention with a multiple synchronization assembly according to the invention according to a first embodiment;

2 a perspective longitudinal section detail of the multiple synchronization module 1 ;

3 a perspective view of a coupling element of the multiple synchronization assembly 1 ;

4 a perspective bottom view of the coupling element 3 used in conical rings to be coupled;

5 a cross-sectional detail of a section of a gearbox according to the invention with a multiple synchronization assembly according to the invention according to a second embodiment; and

6 an embodiment of a coupling element of the multiple synchronization module 5 in perspective view.

The 1 and 2 show a cross-sectional detail or a longitudinal section detail of a multiple synchronization module 10 a gearbox 12 , with a synchronizer body 14 which is rotatable about a transmission axis A, a rotatable about the transmission axis A first cone ring 16 , a second cone ring rotatable about the transmission axis A. 18 , and a third cone ring rotatable about the transmission axis A. 20 which is radially between the first cone ring 16 and the second cone ring 18 is arranged and both with the first cone ring 16 as well as with the second cone ring 18 can form a frictional contact. To form the frictional contact, the cone rings 16 . 18 . 20 friction surfaces 22 on, which may be provided at least in part with a special friction lining.

The multiple synchronization module 10 also has a separate coupling element 24 on, that the first cone ring 16 and the second cone ring 18 in a circumferential direction 26 rotatably connected. The non-rotatable connection is according to 1 realized by the fact that the first cone ring 16 and the second cone ring 18 one recess each 28 . 30 have (cf. 4 ) between two in the circumferential direction 26 spaced, substantially axially aligned projections 32 . 34 of the first cone ring 16 or the second cone ring 18 is formed, wherein the coupling element 24 in the circumferential direction 26 largely free of play in the recesses 28 . 30 extends.

In 1 Although only one coupling element 24 shown, however, there are a plurality of circumferentially distributed coupling elements 24 provided according to the in 1 shown coupling element 24 ,

Except for the multiple synchronization module 10 includes the manual transmission 12 a shift sleeve 36 that are relative to the synchronizer body 14 rotatably but axially displaceable, and two gear wheels 38 that over the shift sleeve 36 non-rotatable with the synchronizer body 14 can be connected. On the outer circumference of the synchronizer body 14 is an external toothing 40 provided (in 5 indicated), which with an internal toothing 41 the shift sleeve 36 engaged. In the switched state is the internal toothing 41 the shift sleeve 36 In addition, also in engagement with a gearing 42 of the respective gear wheel 38 , The axial displacement of the sliding sleeve 36 is provided by a locking mechanism of the multiple synchronization module 10 , For example, a locking toothing, depending on the speed ratio of the synchronizer body 14 and the gear wheel 38 locked or released.

The coupling element 24 for the first cone ring 16 and the second cone ring 18 is in the circumferential direction 26 limited displaceable in a recess 43 on the outer circumference of the synchronizer body 14 added. The external toothing 40 of the synchronizer body 14 is in the area of this recess 43 interrupted.

The third cone ring 20 is a form-fitting via a driver geometry and torque transmitting with the gear wheel 38 of the gearbox 12 connected. According to 2 becomes the driver geometry by substantially axially aligned projections 44 of the third cone ring 20 educated. The projections 44 grab in recesses 46 of the gear wheel 38 a, wherein the projections 44 and the recesses 46 in the circumferential direction 26 In particular, are formed accurately fit, so that the third cone ring 20 rotatably with the gear wheel 38 connected is.

All cone rings 16 to 20 have neither radial teeth to lock the switching process nor angled tabs for coupling with each other.

The 1 to 4 show a first embodiment of the multiple synchronization module 10 , The lock synchronization takes place here by a locking wedge synchronization unit 48 that have a sync stone 50 , a spring element 52 and one by the spring element 52 radially outward impacted block 54 includes, wherein the blocking stone 54 in a groove 55 on the inside of the sliding sleeve 36 engages and blocks their axial displacement in the non-synchronized state. The functional principle of the locking wedge synchronization is already generally known from the prior art. In this regard, explicit reference is made to the DE 10 2007 010 307 B3 referred and waived further explanations.

The coupling element 24 is in this case with the sync stone 50 the locking wedge synchronization unit 48 identical.

Contrary to the presentation in the 1 to 4 can the locking wedge synchronization unit 48 also be designed as a prefabricated module. For this purpose, the sync stone 50 on its radial inside an abutment for the spring element 52 have, so that the spring element 52 on the one hand on the block 54 and on the other hand supported on the abutment. Furthermore, the sync stone should be 50 have a stop that prevents the block 54 radially outward from the sync stone 50 fall out.

The 3 shows that as a sync stone 50 trained coupling element 24 in perspective view. At the radial outside of the coupling element 24 is an opening 56 to be recognized by the mounted in the state of the radially outward against the shift sleeve 36 acted on blocking stone 54 extends. Further, on the radial outer side is a laterally projecting circumferential bead 58 formed, the radial inner side in the assembled state on a radial outer side of the first cone ring 16 sitting. Accordingly, the coupling element is supported 24 over the edge bead 58 in the radial direction on the first cone ring 16 from.

Radially inward of the edge bead 58 Close sidewalls 60 . 62 on, with two in the circumferential direction 26 opposite, preferably parallel side walls 60 each substantially in a radial plane and two in the axial direction opposite, preferably parallel side walls 62 each extending perpendicular to the transmission axis A. The outsides of the radial side walls 60 form contact surfaces 61 for the first cone ring 16 ,

At the projections 32 of the first cone ring 16 are corresponding mating surfaces formed, wherein the mating surfaces preferably parallel to the contact surfaces 61 the side walls 60 extend to make a full-surface contact.

At the axial side walls 62 are radially inward extensions 64 (Preferably, freely projecting lobes) formed in the circumferential direction 26 opposite contact surfaces 66 have, which are analogous to the contact surfaces 61 of the first cone ring 16 extend in a radial plane. The contact surfaces 66 are in the mounted state in contact with the second cone ring 18 , Corresponding mating surfaces are at the projections 34 of the second cone ring 18 formed, these mating surfaces preferably parallel to the contact surfaces 66 extend to make a full-surface contact.

The coupling element 24 thus engages in the mounted state accurately and without play in the recesses 28 . 30 the cone rings 16 . 18 and thus connects the first cone ring 16 rotatably with the second cone ring 18 ,

The multiple synchronization module 10 is located in 1 in a central release position, in which the block 54 at an axial loading of the shift sleeve 36 moved radially inward and the shift sleeve 36 on the gearing 42 of the gear wheel 38 can be pushed. At different speed of synchronizer body 14 and gear wheel 38 , the first and second cone ring move 16 . 18 together with the coupling element 24 due to frictional contact with the gear wheel 38 in the circumferential direction 26 relative to the synchronizer body 14 and to the block 54 in a locked position. In the locked position is a shift of the block 54 radially inward only very limited or not possible, as inclined surfaces 68 of the synchronous stone 50 in contact with inclined surfaces 69 of the block 54 come and prevent this.

As a stop to define the blocking position in the circumferential direction 26 Several options come into question, which can also occur in combination. Usually, the blocking position in the circumferential direction 26 by a stop of the inclined surfaces 68 . 69 of the block 54 and the synchronous stone 50 established. To reduce the material stress on the stones 50 . 54 However, it is alternatively or additionally also conceivable that the projections 32 of the first cone ring 16 be used as Mitnehmergeometrie and with a stop in the recess 43 of the synchronizer body 14 set the blocking position. The stop is then through wall sections 70 formed, which extend in a radial plane and with parallel mating surfaces on the projections 32 interact. In the same way, of course, the projections 34 of the second cone ring 18 be used as Mitnehmergeometrie.

The 4 shows a bottom view of the in the recesses 28 . 30 the first and second cone ring 16 . 18 introduced coupling element 24 , which again in the circumferential direction 26 backlash-free connection of the first cone ring 16 with the second cone ring 18 through the coupling element 24 clarified.

According to 2 are on both axially opposite sides of the synchronizer body 14 three conical rings each 16 . 18 . 20 provided to the synchronizer body 14 via frictional engagement with either one of the two laterally of the synchronizer body 14 sitting gear wheels 38 connect, wherein the coupling element 24 the first and second cone rings 16 . 18 both sides rotatably coupled with each other. This leads to a particularly quiet operation of the gearbox 12 ,

The 5 shows a second embodiment of the multiple synchronization module 10 in a cross-sectional detail analogous to 1 , Unlike the first embodiment according to 1 The synchronization is not done here by a locking wedge synchronization, but for example by a synchronization to the Borg-Warner system.

The coupling element 24 is in this case part of a Vorsynchroneinheit 71 of the gearbox 12 , The presynchronizing unit 71 includes a coupling element 24 trained pressure piece 72 , a spring element 52 and a through the spring element 52 radially outward urged Andruckelement 74 , The pressure element 74 is formed in the present case as a ball, preferably as a steel ball.

In contrast to the block 54 according to 1 is the pressure element 74 in a groove 76 the shift sleeve 36 in the circumferential direction 26 slidably guided. The presynchronizing unit 71 also does not have the function here like the locking wedge synchronization unit 48 according to 1 , namely an axial displacement of the shift sleeve 36 before a synchronization of the synchronizer body 14 with the gear wheel 38 to lock, but only the function of forwarding an axial switching force of the shift sleeve 36 over the pressure piece 72 to the first, radially outer conical ring 16 which is formed as a synchronizer ring and on its outer periphery (not shown) has locking teeth. This synchronizer ring is here together with the Vorsynchroneinheit 71 , in particular the coupling element 24 or the pressure piece 72 the pre-sync unit 71 , in the circumferential direction 26 relative to the synchronizer body 14 limited mobility.

The first cone ring 16 has for this purpose a driver geometry over which it in the circumferential direction 26 positive locking with the synchronizer body 14 is coupled. Analogous to the embodiment according to FIG 1 is the coupling element 24 in the recess 43 on the outer circumference of the synchronizer body 14 recorded, likewise analogous to 1 projections 32 . 34 of the first cone ring 16 and the second cone ring 18 in this recess 43 extend.

The projections 32 of the first cone ring 16 form the driver geometry. On the one hand, they have the coupling element 24 facing contact surfaces 78 on, with parallel mating surfaces 80 cooperate to the coupling element 24 in the circumferential direction 26 to fix. Are the surfaces 78 . 80 As in the present case inclined with respect to a radial direction, so is the coupling element 24 fixed in the radial direction (against a movement radially outwards) and in particular can not tilt.

At the opposite, the synchronizer body 14 facing sides of the projections 32 are also contact surfaces 82 formed, which lie substantially in a radial plane and with wall sections 70 the recess 43 interact. The wall sections 70 preferably also extend in a radial plane and form in the circumferential direction 26 one stop each for the first conical ring 16 , The two stop positions represent a blocking position, in which the shift sleeve 36 axially can not be moved, and the middle intermediate position according to 5 defines a release position in which the shift sleeve 36 in the axial direction on the gearing 42 of the gear wheel 38 (see. 2 ) can be pushed. In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure piece 72 a cylindrical extension 88 on, which extends radially inward. The extension 88 engages in the circumferential direction 26 fit into the recess 30 one, ie between the projections 34 of the second cone ring 18 , To the contact surface between the extension 88 and the projections 34 can enlarge the extension 88 Of course, deviate from its cylindrical shape and have contact surfaces which are substantially parallel to the respective mating surfaces of the projections 34 extend.

The extension 88 is not only for coupling the cone rings 16 . 18 used, but also for housing the spring element 52 ,

In an alternative embodiment, over the circumference of the synchronizer body 14 also distributes several presynchronization units 71 be provided, the pressure piece 72 in the circumferential direction 26 non-rotatable with the synchronizer body 14 connected is. In this case, then in addition to the pressure pieces 72 in the circumferential direction 26 staggered, separate coupling elements 24 provided, which the first and second cone ring 16 . 18 couple together in rotation and in the circumferential direction 26 limited displacement in recesses 43 of the synchronizer body 14 are included.

The 6 shows a particular embodiment of the coupling element 24 in a multiple synchronization module 10 according to the second embodiment according to 5 , Here is a locking toothing 84 at one or both axial side edges 86 of the pressure piece 72 educated. The locking teeth 84 extends radially outward and can in the locked position an axial displacement of the shift sleeve 36 block or in the release position an axial displacement of the shift sleeve 36 allow. By this locking teeth 84 on the pressure piece 72 can on a locking teeth on the conical rings 16 . 18 . 20 , in particular on the radially outer, first cone ring 16 , be waived. The formation of cone rings 16 . 18 . 20 Without locking teeth allows a much simpler production and thus leads to a very cost-effective design variant of the multiple synchronization module 10 ,

Also in this embodiment is a resiliently biased pressure element 74 corresponding 5 intended.

The locking teeth 84 of the pressure piece 72 or the coupling element 24 lies in a neutral position of the gearbox 12 in the circumferential direction 26 seen from the side of the shift sleeve 36 and blocks its axial displacement in the non-synchronized state.

Also in this embodiment are on the circumference of the synchronizer body 14 several, especially three plungers 72 arranged.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• DE 102007010307 B3 [0031]

Claims (15)

Multiple synchronization module of a manual transmission ( 12 ), with a synchronous body ( 14 ), which is rotatable about a transmission axis (A), a about the transmission axis (A) rotatable first cone ring ( 16 ), one about the transmission axis (A) rotatable second cone ring ( 18 ), and about the transmission axis (A) rotatable third cone ring ( 20 ), which radially between the first cone ring ( 16 ) and the second cone ring ( 18 ) and both with the first cone ring ( 16 ) as well as with the second cone ring ( 18 ) can form a frictional contact, wherein the first cone ring ( 16 ) with the synchronizer body ( 14 ) and the third conical ring ( 20 ) with a gear wheel ( 38 ) of the gearbox ( 12 ) is positively connected and torque-transmitting, and wherein a separate coupling element ( 24 ) is provided, which the first cone ring ( 16 ) and the second cone ring ( 18 ) rotatably connected with each other. Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the first cone ring ( 16 ) and the second cone ring ( 18 ) each have a radial recess ( 28 . 30 ), preferably between two in the circumferential direction ( 26 ) spaced, substantially axially aligned projections ( 32 . 34 ) of the first cone ring ( 16 ) or the second cone ring ( 18 ) is formed, wherein the coupling element ( 24 ) in the circumferential direction ( 26 ) at least largely free of play in the recesses ( 28 . 30 ). Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first cone ring ( 16 ) and / or the third conical ring ( 20 ) has a driver geometry, over which it in the circumferential direction ( 26 ) positively with the synchronous body ( 14 ) or the gear wheel ( 38 ) is coupled Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the substantially axially aligned projections ( 32 ) of the first cone ring ( 16 ) form the driver geometry. Multiple synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element ( 24 ) Part of a Vorsynchroneinheit ( 71 ) of the gearbox ( 12 ). Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the presynchronization unit ( 71 ) the coupling element ( 24 ), a spring element ( 52 ) and a through the spring element ( 52 ) Pressed radially outward pressure element ( 74 ). Mehrfachsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that waiving a conical-ring-side locking teeth, the coupling element ( 24 ) on its radial outer side a locking toothing ( 84 ) having. Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the locking toothing ( 84 ) axially adjacent a sliding sleeve ( 36 ) and their axial displacement blocked in the non-synchronized state. Multiple synchronization assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first cone ring ( 16 ) is the radially outer conical ring with the largest diameter and has on its outer periphery a locking toothing. Multiple synchronization assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coupling element ( 24 ) a sync stone ( 50 ) a locking wedge synchronization unit ( 48 ). Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking wedge synchronization unit ( 48 ) the sync stone ( 50 ), a spring element ( 52 ) and a through the spring element ( 52 ) pressed radially outward pressure element in the form of a blocking stone ( 54 ), which is in a sliding sleeve ( 36 ) and their axial displacement blocked in the non-synchronized state. Multiple synchronization assembly according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the locking wedge synchronization unit ( 48 ) is a prefabricated module. Multiple synchronization module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the two axially opposite sides of the synchronizer body ( 14 ) each have a plurality of cone rings ( 16 . 18 . 20 ) are provided to the synchronous body ( 14 ) via frictional engagement with either one of two laterally of the synchronizer body ( 14 ) sitting gear wheels ( 38 ), the coupling element ( 24 ) the first and second cone rings ( 16 . 18 ) of both sides rotatably coupled with each other. Multiple synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element ( 24 ) in the circumferential direction ( 26 ) limited slidably in a recess ( 43 ) on the outer circumference of the synchronizer body ( 14 ) is recorded. Manual transmission, in particular for a motor vehicle, with a sliding sleeve ( 36 ), which are relative to the synchronous body ( 14 ), but axially displaceable, at least one gear wheel ( 38 ), which via the sliding sleeve ( 36 ) rotatably with the synchronizer body ( 14 ) and a multiple synchronization module ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which is an axial displacement of the sliding sleeve ( 36 ) to the at least one gear wheel ( 38 ) can lock or unlock.

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