DE102009036872B4 - door unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Door unit, in particular a motor vehicle door unit, having a motion transmission member (3, 4) with drive shaft (4) connected to a door leaf (1), and with a coupling member (5) of variable closing force which interacts with the drive shaft (4), the coupling member (5 ) is equipped with at least one co-moving with the drive shaft (4) coupling element (5a) and a stationary coupling element (5b), both biased by a common spring (8), characterized in that the bias of the spring (8) by means of at least an actuator (9, 9 ') is changed.

Description

The invention relates to a door unit, in particular motor vehicle door unit, with a connected to a door motion transmission member with drive shaft, and with a coupling member variable clamping force, which interacts with the drive shaft, wherein the coupling member is equipped with at least one co-moving with the drive shaft coupling element and a stationary coupling element.

A door unit of the structure described above, for example, in the DE 198 44 265 A1 presented. There, a drive device with safety coupling is provided, which has cooperating coupling elements. The coupling elements couple via a locking mechanism with a specified torque limitation. In this case, the closing mechanism for the coupling elements on a clutch spring, which provides the required closing force.

In detail, of the cooperating coupling elements, the first coupling element rotatably connected to an output element, while the second coupling element rotatably and concentrically connected to a driven gear of a transmission. The transmission interacts with an electric motor drive. The coupling elements are designed as clutch discs, which have on their sides facing each other interlocking cam-like projections and formations. As a result, a decoupling of the engine is provided by an associated tailgate when needed.

Quite apart from that one knows by the DE 101 14 938 B4 a device for actuating an automotive swing door. Also in this case, an electric motor is realized. There is also a motion transmitting member having one end connected to the pivoting door. In addition, there is an electromagnetic clutch provided between the electric motor and a speed reduction device. With the help of the coupling, the two aforementioned elements can either connect or disconnect.

The prior art can not be satisfied in all aspects. Thus, the disengagement of the known safety clutch takes place in dependence on preset conditions. That is, there is, for example, heavy or stiff doors, in particular motor vehicle swing doors, the risk that, for example, the continuous connection is interrupted by the drive motor to the door without complete opening or closing of the door was achieved.

Quite apart from observed in manually operated vehicle doors, that the force applied by a friction brake device or a coupling member at this point holding forces are not sufficient to provide a secure fixation of the door in a certain position.

For example, the DE 10 2005 060 709 A1 a biased by a spring friction brake device or a coupling member with - if you like - changeable closing force. In fact, a rolling ball is realized in detail, which is biased by the spring in question and engages in a groove. Characterized in which a plurality of grooves are provided over the circumference of a ring hinge, depending on the opening angle of the door or the door leaf or swing gate wing different locking positions can be adjusted. This has proven itself in principle.

However, the prior art does not take into account that the door wings used in practice respectively swing doors are hinged on the basis of changing lever arms to a motor vehicle body. Such lever arms can lead in extreme cases to the fact that the known door lock with its built-up holding force for a fixing is no longer sufficient. Such scenarios are conceivable, for example, when a motor vehicle is parked on a slope and the door is opened. Comparable problems occur when the swing door is detected by wind, for example.

In any case, the known door units with the coupling members realized there no longer meet today's requirements. This applies both in the event that the coupling member in question is used as a kind of safety coupling and, for example, decoupled an electric motor drive when a resistance occurs during the opening movement of the door. Similar problems are observed when the coupling member functions as a friction brake and is not able to provide a reliable fixation and fixing the vehicle door or its door. Here, the invention aims to provide a total remedy.

The invention is based on the technical problem of further developing a door unit, in particular a motor vehicle door unit of the structure described at the outset, so that the closing force of the coupling member can be easily adapted to the actual requirements.

To solve this technical problem is provided in a generic door unit that the bias of the spring means at least one actuator, in particular axial actuator, is changed.

According to the invention thus experiences the bias of the spring, which jointly acted on the co-moving with the drive shaft coupling element and the stationary coupling element, a change, with the aid of the actuator, preferably the Axialstellglieds. That is, there is a special actuator for changing the bias used, which works mainly in the axial direction. The axial direction is determined by the drive shaft. This means in essence that the spring and also the axial actuator are regularly arranged axially in comparison to the drive shaft. In most cases, the drive shaft is located in the center of both the said spring and the usually rotationally symmetrical axial actuator. The spring is generally a coil spring. Of course, several actuators can be used.

The change in the bias of the spring is carried out in the context of the invention in that the said spring is changed in its length. In this case, an increase in the bias corresponds to a compression of the spring, whereas a reduction in the bias associated with a relaxation of the spring. Both Kraftbeaufschlagungen for compression or relaxation of the spring take place according to an advantageous embodiment in the axial direction defined by the drive shaft.

In most cases, the two coupling elements, that is, the co-moving with the drive shaft coupling element as well as the stationary coupling element axially arranged in comparison to the drive shaft. In fact, the coupling elements are regularly lamellae, which are placed in the manner of circular ring disks relative to the centrally arranged drive shaft. This makes it possible to realize a particularly compact construction, in which the coupling element in question, with its clutch plates, the axial actuator and finally the spring, are each placed rotationally symmetrically in comparison to the drive shaft arranged on the common axis. - The actuator is usually designed as adjusting sleeve, in particular Axialstellhülse.

In this way, there is the possibility that the actuator or axial actuator is adjusted internally by the motor and / or depending on movement. For this purpose, the invention further provides that the actuator interacts with a switching element to its adjustment. This switching element can now be subjected to external motor and / or internal movement-dependent, in turn, then to effect the desired adjustment of the actuator.

In an external motor actuation of the actuator or the adjustment effecting switching member regularly engages a motor directly or indirectly to the switching member to act on this so that the movement of the switching member to an adjustment of the actuator and consequently the desired compression or relaxation of the spring corresponds. In the case of the internal movement-dependent adjustment, the procedure is such that the switching element is subjected to an action as a function of a door movement. That is, for example, the pivotable about a pivot door leaf acts on the switching element. Depending on the movement of the door wing, the switching element is now acted upon and in turn provides for an adjustment of the actuator and, as a result, a compression or release of the spring depending on the direction of movement of the door leaf.

In fact, one will proceed in connection with the internal movement-dependent adjustment of the actuator so that the spring is subjected to increasing bias voltage the greater an opening angle of the door leaf is designed relative to a motor vehicle body. That is, the farther the door is pivoted about its one or more body-fixed hinges and the larger the associated opening angle is dimensioned, the more regularly the spring is compressed and consequently increases the bias. This corresponds to the fact that the coupling member with its two coupling elements respectively the lamellae realized at this point experiences an increased closing force with increasing opening angle.

Conversely, the closing force of the coupling member decreases the smaller the opening angle is dimensioned.

By increasing the closing force with increasing opening angle of the door, the invention takes into account the fact that, for example, a wide open door is an increased attack surface for example wind. If the coupling member is used as friction brake device as it means, this means that the friction brake device opposes increased friction resistance with increasing opening angle of the door leaf relative to the body. This is intentional and takes into account that with increasing opening angle of the door wing increased holding forces of the friction brake device in the form of the coupling member are required.

A similar interpretation is recommended in the event that the coupling member transmits, for example, driving forces of an electric motor drive to the door leaf. In this case, too, the design will advantageously be such that with increasing opening angle of the door leaf relative to the body or vehicle body, the closing force of the coupling member increases. This is recommended and is usually required in order to allow a safe drive of the door unit in total even at any and with increasing opening angle increasing counter-forces (for example, wind). In any case, according to the invention, the closing force of the coupling member can be changed automatically as it were, namely, depending on the movement, it can be adjusted internally. In this case, the increasing opening angle of the door leaf corresponds to the fact that with the aid of the drive shaft via the regularly rotatably connected switching member, the actuator is acted upon so that as a result of the growing opening angle, the coupling member acting spring is increasingly compressed. Conversely, the closing force acting on the coupling member decreases in the event that the door leaf is closed and, consequently, the opening angle of the door leaf relative to the body decreases.

That is, depending on the movement of the equipped with the coupling member door leaf whose closing force is changed. In the context of the invention, therefore, the movement of the door leaf or the associated opening angle, the closing force of the coupling member (automatically) before.

In addition to this, as it were internal automatic and motion-dependent adjustment of the actuator this can learn in addition or completely independent of this already described external motorized adjustment. With the aid of this motorized external adjustment, the motor realized for this purpose ensures that the spring preload is adjusted to external specifications. This can be done via a control unit in which, for example, from preliminary tests for the respective door unit or the door used optimal values for the bias of the spring are stored and depending on the opening angle set externally and specified by the engine. That is, in this case, for example, the course of the most favorable bias of the spring for the coupling member on the opening angle of the door leaf relative to the vehicle body may be determined by preliminary tests. This characteristic of the bias voltage relative to the opening angle of the door leaf can of course vary from vehicle type to vehicle type or from door leaf to door leaf and can be detected in each case in preliminary tests or as part of an upstream calibration.

The characteristic which belongs to the relevant type of motor vehicle is now stored in the control unit. Depending on the detected, for example, a rotation angle sensor opening angle of the door relative to the vehicle body is now selected with the aid of the aforementioned characteristic, the closing force of the coupling member against the opening angle and corresponding to the closing force bias of the spring and with the help of the acted upon by the control unit motor via the actuator actually adjusted to the spring. This allows an optimal and type-accurate adjustment of the bias realize. This of course applies both in the event that the coupling member is used as friction brake friction device as well as when the coupling member acts as a practical safety coupling between the electric motor drive and the door leaf driven therefrom. In any case, it is ensured in the latter variant that the closing force of the coupling member is sufficient to the door perfectly back and forth but also at the same time allows a slip operation in the event that the door, for example, a braking torque attacks, which with exceeds the coupling member set closing force. This is urgently required for security reasons.

In detail, it has proven useful if the actuator is designed as a control sleeve. If it is an advantageous embodiment, an axial actuator, the adjusting sleeve is designed as Axialstellhülse. The adjusting sleeve is generally arranged radially in comparison to the drive shaft, which is located in contrast in the center. That is, the adjusting sleeve is usually cylindrical. The same may apply to the switching element. In this way, the actuator and the switching element can be arranged coaxially in comparison to the drive shaft, which in each case is placed centrally in contrast. As already explained, the actuator interacts with the switching element for its adjustment.

It has proven useful if the switching element is designed to be rotatable and possibly axially movable. On the other hand, the actuator will usually be fixed in a rotationally fixed and axially movable manner. Because in the actuator respectively axial actuator, it is primarily important that this performs an axial movement in comparison to the drive shaft and consequently the spring enclosing the drive shaft in order to realize the desired change in the bias can.

In general, the motion is transmitted from the mostly rotating switching member to the actuator such that the switching member and the actuator abut with corresponding inclined surfaces to each other. A rotational movement of the switching element thus causes the actuator is axially displaced by the interlocking inclined surfaces and compresses or relaxed the voltage applied to the actuator spring.

In detail, the actuator has a stop over the spring at one end. In addition, the actuator may have a spring-enclosed guide portion. As a result, the guide portion as it annularly enclosing spring is performed properly in their compression and relaxation.

It is possible that the spring is acted upon by means of the actuator or axial actuator only at one end with a corresponding biasing force. Of course, it is also within the scope of the invention to work with two opposing actuators respectively Axialstellgliedern that change the spring as it were from both ends in their length. This is usually done when the bias of the spring sohl motor externally and motion-dependent undergoes a change internally.

In this case, there is at one end of the spring, the actuator for motor-external variation of the bias voltage, while the other end of the spring is equipped with an actuator for movement-dependent internal change in the bias voltage. This is of course only to be understood as illustrative and not restrictive. In addition, the actuator or axial actuator may be formed in several parts. Here it has proven useful if the actuator has an actuator and a guide element. Moreover, it is advantageous if the actuator connects in axial extension to a housing for the coupling member to the relevant housing. As a result, the already mentioned compact design is provided. Furthermore, the invention thereby allows a variant according to which the drive shaft penetrates the housing for the coupling member and at the same time the actuator and the switching member.

As a result, a door unit, in particular motor vehicle door unit, is provided, which is distinguished by a specially designed coupling member with a variable closing force. In fact, the closing force of the coupling member is changed in principle two different ways.

First of all, it is possible to externally adjust the preload of the closing force changing spring motor. This can be done on the basis of characteristics for the optimal bias voltage in dependence on the opening angle of the door leaf relative to the vehicle body. Equally well, it is alternatively or additionally conceivable to increase the bias tends to increase with the opening angle between the door and the vehicle body. That is, in response to the movement of the door, the spring biasing the coupling member experiences a varying load, which then also leads to a correspondingly changed closing force of the coupling member. All this can be realized in a strikingly simple constructive manner and taking into account a particularly compact design.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment; show it:

1 an installation situation of the door unit according to the invention,

2 the door unit according to the invention in a perspective view, partly in section,

3 a detail from 1 for motor-external adjustment of the closing force of a coupling element,

4 another detail 1 , which has the movement-dependent internal adjustment of the closing force of the coupling element to the object and

5 different characteristics of the door wing attacking and generated by the coupling member force as a function of the opening angle of the door leaf.

In the 1 to 4 a door unit is shown, which in its basic structure consists of a door leaf 1 , a motion transmitting member 3 . 4 and finally a coupling member 5 variable closing force. At the door 1 it is a swing door wing 1 that is about a pivot point 2 swinging back and forth, as this is a double arrow in the 1 suggests. The door leaf or swing door leaf 1 is on a rack 3 connected, which is part of the motion transmission member 3 . 4 is.

Swiveling movements of the door leaf respectively swing door leaf 1 correspond to linear movements of the rack in question 3 , also in the 1 are indicated and of a gear arrangement ultimately on a drive shaft 4 be transmitted. By the indicated pivoting movements of the door leaf 1 becomes the drive shaft 4 in rotations. The rotations of the drive shaft 4 can be damped, with the help of the coupling member 5 which works in this case as a friction brake device.

Alternatively, the coupling member 5 but also as a kind of safety coupling work, namely in the transmission of rotational movements of an electric motor drive 6 on the door 1 , In fact, with the help of the electromotive drive 6 or the electric motor 6 a the coupling member 5 enclosing housing 7 in rotations. The rotations of the housing 7 be on the drive shaft 4 transfer. The drive shaft 4 For its part, the gearbox or the gearwheel assembly is rotated, so that, depending on the direction of rotation, the rack 3 is moved in one direction or the other. Because of the rack 3 the door leaf or swing door leaf 1 is connected, this follows the corresponding and the electric motor 6 predetermined movements.

If this process occurs, for example, a mechanical blockage of the swing door leaf 1 , so catch the coupling member 5 to slip on or slip through, so that the electric motor 6 no damages. experiences. For this purpose, the coupling member sits 5 in detail from at least one stationary coupling element 5a and one with the drive shaft 4 with moving coupling element 5b together. In fact, the respectively co-moving coupling element 5b together with the housing 7 in rotations. These rotations of the respective coupling element 5b be on the hereby rotatably coupled drive shaft 4 transfer. The movements of the drive shaft 4 are attenuated, depending on the force with which the stationary coupling elements 5a to the movable coupling elements 5b be created.

Because the two coupling elements 5a . 5b or realized at this point and the drive shaft 4 ring-like enclosing clutch plates respectively fins 5a . 5b are in engagement with each other or rubbing against each other, in the case of a friction brake device movements of the door leaf 1 braked accordingly or the rotational movements of the electric motor 6 with an associated closing force of the coupling member 5 transfer.

In the context of the invention can now be the closing force of the coupling member 5 change. For this purpose is a spring 8th provided, which for varying the closing force of the coupling member 5 serves. At the spring 8th it is a coil spring, in the center of the drive shaft 4 is arranged. The spring respectively coil spring 8th is concentric to the slats or clutch plates 5a . 5b arranged. By the spring 8th the coupling member 5 or the associated slats 5a . 5b applied, the frictional force between the slats in question can be 5a . 5b and hence the closing force of the coupling member 5 vary.

For this purpose, the invention proposes an actuator 9 . 9 ' ago, which is the spring in question 8th applied. In fact, in the representations are two actuators 9 . 9 ' , realized. Both actuators 9 . 9 ' , can be separated from each other or together the spring 8th apply or change their bias. The actuator 9 is adjusted externally by motor. In contrast, the actuator learns 9 ' an internal adjustment, depending on the movement. The movement dependence can be explained by movements of the door leaf 1 and hence rotations of the drive shaft coupled thereto 4 ,

According to the embodiment, the spring is located 8th or coil spring 8th each at the relevant actuator 9 . 9 ' at. To every actuator 9 . 9 ' belongs to an associated switching element 10 . 10 ' , The actuator 9 . 9 ' and associated switching element 10 . 10 ' interact with each other in such a way that by their mutual interaction the bias of the spring 8th and consequently the closing force of the coupling member 5 is changed. At the respective actuator 9 . 9 ' it is according to the embodiment, a setting sleeve 9 . 9 ' , Here is the adjusting sleeve 9 as Axstellstellhülse 9 whereas it is the adjusting sleeve 9 ' around a threaded sleeve 9 ' is. The respective actuator 9 . 9 ' or the adjusting sleeve 9 . 9 encloses the drive shaft 4 each ring-like or in the manner of a cylinder. The drive shaft 4 is in contrast arranged in the center. Also the associated switching element 10 . 10 ' is each cylindrical in shape and with the drive shaft arranged in the center 4 equipped. Both the actuator 9 . 9 ' as well as the switching element 10 . 10 ' are each the same axis compared to the drive shaft 4 placed.

The switching element 10 . 10 ' can be rotated in each case and also optionally adjust axially. The suggest appropriate arrows in the 3 and 4 at. In contrast, the respective actuator 9 . 9 ' only be moved in the axial direction A. For this purpose, the respective actuator has 9 . 9 ' over a footbridge 11 respectively. 11 ' , The jetty 11 respectively. 11 ' prevents a rotary movement of the associated actuator 9 . 9 ' in comparison to the housing 7 or a housing 7 ' which is the actuator 9 ' assigned.

In the embodiment of the 3 or according to the 4 the bridge attacks 11 ' of the actuator 9 ' in an unillustrated axial groove of the housing 7 ' one. The bridge provides similar results 11 that in conjunction with an axial groove in the associated housing 7 Rotary movements of the actuator 9 opposite the housing 7 be prevented. That is, with the help of the bars 11 . 11 ' ensures that the associated actuators 9 . 9 ' opposite the corresponding housings 7 . 7 ' are each designed only axially movable. Comparable bars 11 also have the case with the case 7 with moving coupling elements 5b on. In this way, the coupling elements 5b not opposite the case 7 rotate, but rather from the case 7 taken.

The actuator 9 is - as already stated - motorized externally adjusted. For this purpose, there are the switching element 10 and the actuator 9 with corresponding inclined surfaces 12 . 13 equipped, which abut each other. In the context of the detailed representation after 3 are the shelves 12 . 13 each wedge surfaces on the one hand the switching element 10 and on the other hand the actuator 9 ,

By the switching element 10 in rotations, it ensures that by the interlocking inclined edges or shelves 12 . 13 the actuator 9 is raised or lowered in the direction of the arrow. This will be the spring 8th compressed or relieved. A compression of the spring 8th causes that from the spring 8th acted coupling member 5 with the local slats 5a . 5b is acted upon by an increased closing force. As a result, the fins become 5a . 5b stronger pressed against each other and generate an increased frictional force during operation of the door unit according to the invention or of the coupling member 5 as if friction brake device. A comparably increased closing force is of course also present when the coupling member 5 practically as a safety coupling in conjunction with the electric motor or electric motor drive 6 is used.

In the context of the detailed representation after 4 and looking at the movement-dependent internally adjusted actuator 9 ' , it is the corresponding inclined surfaces 12 ' . 13 ' around inclined edges 12 ' . 13 ' of intermeshing threads on the one hand of the actuator 9 ' and on the other hand the switching element 10 ' , Because the drive shaft 4 for the realization of the motion-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' rotationally fixed with the switching element 10 ' is connected, performs a rotation of the drive shaft 4 automatically to the fact that the only axially movable actuator 9 ' opposite to the drive shaft 4 co-rotating switching element 10 ' is screwed in or unscrewed. That depends on the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 4 from.

As already explained, the movement-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' around a threaded sleeve 9 ' , The switching element 10 ' is designed as a threaded bush. Depending on the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 4 becomes the spring again 8th compressed or relaxed, as the associated arrow in the 4 suggests. Consequently, depending on the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 the closing force of the coupling member 5 vary again.

In the motion-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' , the closing force of the coupling member 5 thereby changing that the actuator 9 ' internally undergoes an adjustment, depending on movement. Depending on whether the drive shaft 4 moved at all and, if so, in which direction does the coupling member experience 5 a variation of its closing force. In fact, the drive shaft actually provides 4 for internal adjustment, depending on their movement. As soon as the drive shaft 4 turns, becomes the spring or coil spring 8th compressed or relaxed, depending on the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 4 , This leads to the described movement-dependent and internal adjustment of the actuator 9 ' ,

In contrast, the actuator can be 9 motor externally adjust, as this particular detail after 3 shows. In this case, namely, the switching element 10 from an additional engine 14 acted upon by a driven gear, which with the switching element 10 Combs, ensures that the switching element 10 is rotated. Depending on the direction of rotation and angle of rotation of the switching element 10 becomes the actuator 9 moved more or less in the axial direction A. As a result, the spring experiences 8th a compression or discharge.

Accordingly, can be with the help of the additional motor drive or the additional electric motor 14 via the switching element 10 and the actuator 9 the bias of the spring 8th and hence the closing force of the coupling member 5 individually set and pretend. - Regardless of the coupling member 5 alternatively or additionally changed with respect to its closing force, with the aid of the motion-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' ,

In connection with the motor externally adjustable actuator 9 likes in a control unit, not shown, for acting on the electric motor 14 a characteristic be stored. An example of this is in the 5 shown. Of course, several characteristic curves can be stored in the control unit in question. The characteristic expresses the dependence of the bias for the spring 8th opposite to an opening angle α of the door leaf 1 compared to a motor vehicle body. Depending on the application, different characteristics and specifications can be considered. Anyway, with the help of the additional electric motor 14 the closing force of the coupling member 5 - regardless of the particular in the 4 represented and movement-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' including switching element 10 ' - Be set using external and stored for example in the control unit specifications or characteristics.

Looking now at the 5 in detail, it can be seen from the coupling member 5 on the door 1 constructed force or counterforce F against the opening angle α of the door leaf 1 , This counterforce or holding force F may have the dot-dashed course relative to the opening angle α when the bias of the spring 8th is not varied. In contrast, the bias of the spring 8th increases with increasing opening angle α, so you observed a solid curve (according to the invention).

That is, within the scope of the invention, the bias of the spring 8th at the beginning of the door opening, ie be set low at an opening angle α in the range of 0 °. The holding force F of the coupling member 5 is then only about twice as large as a dashed illustrated manual operating force for the door or swing door 1 , This manual operating force (dashed) is due to frictional resistance of the door leaf 1 automatically and neglects virtually forces or holding forces F of the coupling member 5 , According to the invention, the holding force F or its on the door leaf 1 additionally constructed counterforce can be adjusted so that this force is low at the beginning of the door movement and increases only with increasing opening angle α. In this way, the invention takes into account, inter alia, the fact that, for example, a wide-open door 1 represents an increased attack surface for example wind.

The continuous course of the holding force or counterforce F on the door leaf 1 According to the invention on the one hand with the aid of the motion-dependent internally adjustable actuator 9 ' and on the other hand additionally by the motor externally adjustable actuator 9 specified. In fact, the spring will 8th in the context of the embodiment as it were between the two actuators 9 . 9 ' and the switching elements 10 . 10 ' locked in. Here is the actuator 9 ' including switching element 10 ' for the movement-dependent internal adjustment arranged at the upper end of the spring, whereas the actuator 9 including switching element 10 for motorized external adjustment at the lower end of the spring 8th place.

Finally, the figures still make it clear that both the actuator 9 as well as the actuator 9 ' are formed in two parts. This results in particular from the 3 and 4 , In fact, the respective actuator sits down 9 . 9 ' from as it were an actuator 9a . 9a ' on the one hand and a guide element 9b . 9b ' on the other hand together. The guide element 9b . 9b ' ensures primarily for the leadership and support of the spring 8th whereas the actuator 9a . 9a ' transfers the positioning movements.

Claims (10)

Door unit, in particular motor vehicle door unit, with a door leaf ( 1 ) connected motion transmission member ( 3 . 4 ) with drive shaft ( 4 ), and with a coupling member ( 5 ) variable closing force, which with the drive shaft ( 4 ) interacts, the coupling member ( 5 ) with at least one with the drive shaft ( 4 ) with moving coupling element ( 5a ) and a stationary coupling element ( 5b ), both from a common spring ( 8th ) are biased, characterized in that the bias of the spring ( 8th ) by means of at least one actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) is changed. Door unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) is adjusted internally by a motor, externally and / or depending on the movement. Door unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) as adjusting sleeve ( 9 . 9 ' ), in particular Axstellstellhülse ( 9 ) or threaded sleeve ( 9 ' ) is formed, each radially compared to the drive shaft ( 4 ) is arranged. Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) with a switching element ( 10 . 10 ' ) interacts with its adjustment: Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) and the switching element ( 10 . 10 ' ) coaxially compared to the drive shaft ( 4 ) are arranged. Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the switching element ( 10 . 10 ' ) is formed rotatably and optionally axially movable, while the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) is rotationally fixed and axially movable. Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) and the switching element ( 10 . 10 ' ) with corresponding inclined surfaces ( 12 . 13 ; 12 ' . 13 ' ) abut each other. Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) in several parts with an actuating element ( 9a . 9a ' ) and a guide element ( 9b . 9b ' ) is trained. Door unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) in axial extension to a housing ( 7 . 7 ' ). Door unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 4 ) the housing ( 7 . 7 ' ), the coupling member ( 5 ) and the actuator ( 9 . 9 ' ) as well as the switching element ( 10 . 10 ' ) penetrates together.

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