DE102008053798A1 - Object i.e. commodity, identifying and/or authenticating method, involves using electromagnetic radiation reflected by code zone to identify object and using electromagnetic radiation reflected by dispersion zone to authenticate object - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves using a coherent source for emission of electromagnetic radiation on an object i.e. commodity, where the object has an identifier with a code zone (1-1) containing an optical code and with a dispersion zone (1-2) containing multiple dispersion centers. The dispersion zone is irradiated with the electromagnetic radiation for identification and/or authentication purposes, where the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the code zone is used for identifying the object and the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the dispersion zone is used for authenticating the object. An independent claim is also included for a device for identifying and/or authenticating an object, comprising a coherent source.

Description

The The invention relates to a security element, the use of the security element for identifying and authenticating objects as well as for Protection against counterfeiting and a method of identification and authentication of objects based on the invention Security element.

The Automated recognition of objects using optical methods is known in the art. Everybody knows are z. As barcodes applied to goods and / or packaging are, and a machine identification of goods for investigation z. B. allow the price.

A well-known representative of the bar codes is the code EAN 8, which in the international Standard ISO / IEC 15420 is defined. It encodes a sequence of 8 digits in the form of bars and gaps of different widths. In general, the bars with a black ink on a white support, z. B. the packaging of the object to be marked or printed on the object itself.

In addition to the described code EAN 8, there are numerous other barcodes that encode not only numbers but also letters, special characters and control characters. Further, some codes contain error detection and error correction characters which allow to detect and in part even correct errors in the signal transmission. A further development of the bar codes represent the 2D codes, in which the information is not only one-dimensional, but optically coded in two dimensions. A subset of the 2D codes form the so-called matrix codes. A well-known representative is z. For example, the Data Matrix Code used in the international Standard ISO / IEC 16022 is defined.

in the Following are machine-readable optical codes such as those mentioned Barcodes, 2D codes and matrix codes as well as OCR text (OCR = Optical Character Recognition) or similar optical machine readable codes summarized under the generic term optical codes.

optical Codes are easy and extremely cost effective create (print) and are fast and robust in capture. They are ideal for identifying objects. Especially Optical codes are suitable for object tracking (track & trace). This is an object z. B. assigned a unique number, so that the object is identified at each station in the logistics chain and thus the movement of the object from a station of the logistics chain can be traced to another.

optical Codes, however, do not provide protection against counterfeiting, as they are just copy and reproduce.

ID cards, Banknotes, products, etc. are now forgery protection provided with elements that only with specialized knowledge and / or high technical Effort can be imitated. Such elements will be referred to here as security elements. Security elements are preferably inseparably connected to the objects to be protected. The attempt to separate the security elements from the object results preferably to destroy them, so that the security elements can not be abused.

The The genuineness of an object can be determined by the presence of an or several security elements are checked. The procedure for checking the authenticity of a Object is referred to here as authentication.

Optical security elements such. Watermarks, specialty inks, guilloche patterns, micro-typefaces and holograms are well established worldwide. An overview of optical security elements, which are particularly suitable but not exclusively for document protection, is the following book: Rudolf L. van Renesse, Optical Document Security, Third Edition, Artech House Boston / London, 2005 (pp. 63-259) ,

In WO 2005088533 (A1) describes a method by which objects can be identified and authenticated on the basis of their characteristic surface structure. The process comes without additional means such. B. security elements that are connected to the objects from. In the method, a laser beam is focused on the surface of the object, across the surface moves (scanning) and detected by means of photodetectors at different points of the surface at different angles different degrees of scattered rays. The detected scattered radiation is characteristic of a variety of different materials and is very difficult to imitate because it is due to coincidences in the production of the object. For example, paper-like objects have a manufacturing fiber structure that is unique to each manufactured object. The scatter data for the individual objects are stored in a database in order to be able to authenticate the object at a later time. For this purpose, the object is measured again and the scatter data compared with the stored reference data.

The random features of the object, of which the procedure WO 2005088533 (A1) operated, cause a very high counterfeit protection. To but part of the process is that an extensive database for the scatter data of all recorded objects must be created. On the one hand, the database must have a high storage capacity in order to be able to store the large amount of data of scatter data of a large number of objects. On the other hand, the access time to the data in the database must be fast because the collected scatter data for authentication must be compared to all reference data in the database (1: n match) to find the correct record.

Furthermore, not every object has a surface that is a method according to WO 2005088533 (A1) is accessible.

It can thus be stated that there are various methods and devices for identifying and authenticating objects in the prior art. However, due to the easy forgery of the features used for identification, methods and devices for identification by means of optical codes are not suitable for counterfeit protection and for authentication of objects. Conversely, the authentication procedure rejects WO 2005088533 (A1) Although a very high protection against counterfeiting, it is due to the high data volumes and the associated high demands on the IT backend system (database, network) not suitable for identification and object tracking (track & trace). Furthermore, the method is not applicable to all objects.

It thus arises starting from the known state of the art Task, the advantages of optical codes with the advantages of a Combine authentication based on random characteristics. It the task arises, a solution for identification and to provide authentication of objects intended for a wide variety of different objects applicable It is easy to implement on existing IT infrastructures can be built, which has a high counterfeit protection guaranteed and in addition still cost-effective is.

Surprised This task was found by a security element can be solved, which is irreversibly connected to an object, and comprising a code area and a spreading area, wherein the code area for identifying the object by means of an optical Codes and the scatter area used to authenticate the object characteristic scattered radiation due to random characteristics is used.

object The present invention is therefore a security element in shape a self-adhesive label for attaching the security element to an object, by means of a non-destructive detachment prevent the security element from the object, characterized in that that the security element has a code area and a visual one marked spreading area, wherein the code area an optical Code and the scattering area randomly distributed and / or oriented scattering centers which, when irradiating the scattering area with electromagnetic radiation for the security element cause characteristic and unique scatter signal.

Under Identification is understood as the process that is unique Detecting an object is used. If an object is clearly recognized, it can be uniquely assigned or it can be a unique Assignment to the detected object can be made. For example, can An identified product (object) is assigned a price or its destination become. Identification takes place on the basis of the object characterizing and features different from other objects.

Under Authentication becomes the process of verification (Verification) of an alleged identity. The authentication of objects, documents or data is the Find that these are authentic - so it is unchanged, not copied or counterfeit originals is.

As The authentication is also based on authentication the object characterizing and distinguishing features from other objects.

The Identification features and authentication characteristics of an object are determined by the invention Security element provided.

Of the Code range includes the characteristics required for identification are. For this purpose, the code area comprises at least one optical code, z. As a bar code or 2D code or another optical machine readable code. The optical code preferably encodes one for the security element unique identification number. Based The identification number can be a unique mapping between the security element and z. An entry in a database, a file containing a characteristic scatter signal for reference includes, or any other real or virtual object be made. The optical code is preferably darker Color printed on a light background. Likewise, an inverse Representation conceivable in which the optical code in bright color printed on a dark background.

The size of the code area is determined by the size of the optical code used. Usually, the size of the code area is in the range between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² .

It It is conceivable that the security element according to the invention more than one code area and / or more than one optical code includes.

Of the Scattering of the security element according to the invention is characterized in that it is irradiated by electromagnetic radiation generates a characteristic leakage signal. Under scattering will understood that electromagnetic rays in the form of a Bundles impinge on a scattering area, in different Directions are thrown back. While a parallel beam when hitting a plane mirror reflected and thereby as a parallel beam in is thrown back at a defined angle becomes incident Radiation in the case of the scattering of a plurality of scattering centers thrown back in different directions.

there subject to the scattering centers of the scattering range of an inventive Security elements of a random distribution and / or orientation. Under random distribution and / or orientation is understood that the location of individual scattering centers and / or orientation individual scattering centers through the manufacturing process unpredictable can be adjusted. The location and / or orientation of individual scattering centers is subject to random fluctuations in the manufacturing process. The location and / or orientation of individual scattering centers can therefore not easily reproduced. On this fact is based the high protection, the security feature of the invention offers: it can be adjusted only at very high cost. Furthermore ensures the random distribution and / or orientation for an individualization: every security element is due to random distribution and / or orientation the scattering centers unique (individual), resulting in irradiation with electromagnetic radiation in a unique, characteristic Scatter signal shows.

The Scattering centers of a security element according to the invention preferably have a size of 1 square micrometer to 0.001 square millimeters. The scattering centers can through Pigments (eg, titanium dioxide) or fibers (eg, pulp) become.

The Scattering centers of a security element according to the invention are preferably provided by a pulp comprising a has production-related random fiber structure, when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation a characteristic Stray radiation causes. Such a fiber structure is z. In Paper, cardboard or textiles. Preference is given as a pulp a paper used.

Prefers becomes electromagnetic radiation with at least one wavelength in the range of 300 nm to 1000 nm from the scattering range of the invention Security elements scattered.

Of the Scattering range is in a preferred embodiment of the inventive security element visually indicated. This makes it clear to a user at which point an authentication based on the characteristic Scatter signal occurs. A user thus knows which body of the security element according to the invention Device for machine authentication presented must become. The visual identification continues to be so that they are also from the machine authentication device as positioning mark for the detection of the scattering area can be used.

Of the Scattering can z. B. by framing with a solid Line be visually identified.

The size of the scattering range is in the range between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² . The code area is preferably rectangular, with the corners being rounded. It is also conceivable to perform the scattering area square, round, elliptical, oval, triangular, pentagonal or generally n-shaped.

In In a preferred embodiment, code area and Scattering spatially separated from each other. It is but also conceivable that they overlap completely or partially or that one area completely encompasses the other.

The Security element according to the invention is preferred designed as a self-adhesive label to address a variety to be attached by different objects. A self-adhesive label is understood to mean a flat composite, which has an adhesive layer that connects between the label and an object by means of gluing allows. Under a flat body is here a body to understand whose spatial extent (thickness) at least to the factor 10, preferably smaller by at least a factor of 50 as the two remaining spatial dimensions (length, width). Under composite, a body of two or more with each other Connected materials understood. The connection between the Materials come about preferably via lamination and / or adhesion.

The security element according to the invention has a layer structure of at least four Layers: an adhesive layer, a fibrous-containing layer, a print layer and a protective layer.

With the adhesive layer becomes the security element according to the invention connected to an object. The adhesive layer adapts to the material properties of the object adapted to a good connection of security element and cause object.

The fibrous-containing layer comprises at least one fibrous material which serves to absorb printing ink (dyes, pigments) and the same time randomly distributed and / or oriented scattering centers.

In the printing layer are color pigments and / or dyes incorporated, the the optical code within the code area and optionally form further printed images, fonts, logos etc.

The Security element according to the invention has a Protective layer, which is directed to the outside world and the lower layers against harmful environmental influences (Moisture, mechanical stress, UV radiation, etc.) protects. The protective layer is visible for at least a part transparent electromagnetic radiation to view the print layer, machine-read the optical code and the spreading area with Irradiating electromagnetic radiation and a characteristic Receive stray signal. The protective layer is preferred for electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength transparent in the range of 300 nm to 1000 nm.

Under Transparency is understood that the proportion of electromagnetic Radiation of at least one wavelength, which is the layer penetrates, is greater than the sum of the shares the electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength, which are absorbed by the layer or at the interfaces the layer to be reflected. The transmittance of the layer is therefore greater than 50%, with transmittance the ratio of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation with at least one wavelength passing through the layer passes, based on the intensity of the electromagnetic Radiation with the at least one wavelength on the layer hits, it is understood.

The individual layers within the invention Security elements do not necessarily span over the entire security element. For example, not all areas will of the pulp printed. In particular, the spread does not printed. The print layer does not extend over it the entire cross section of an inventive Security element. Furthermore, the layers are along the layer sequence not necessarily spatially separated from each other sharply. For example, the print layer is to some extent in the Fiber structure of the pulp penetrate and comprising a layer Make pulp and print layer.

An example of a layer sequence in a security element according to the invention is shown in FIG 2 shown. For the sake of simplicity, all layers extend in 2 about the whole security element, although in reality this will not usually be the case.

The Layer sequence shown is: a lowermost layer of adhesive protection, a Adhesive layer, a fibrous layer, a print layer, a protective layer.

Further Layers next to the layers mentioned are conceivable.

to Handling is usually below the adhesive layer an adhesive protection layer attached. This adhesive protection layer protects against unwanted adhesion of the adhesive layer with any objects. The adhesive protective layer is before the attachment of the invention Removed security elements on an object. The adhesive protection layer usually also serves as a carrier material for one or more security elements. Usually Label-shaped security elements in large Number held on a support. Usually become the label-shaped security elements on a Carrier tape is rolled up into a roll. It is also conceivable, a variety of security elements on arched supports to store. From the carriers can the security elements machine or manually applied to objects. As a carrier usually films are used.

Farther It is conceivable that between the printing layer and the protective layer a further adhesive layer is introduced, which the protective layer with the pulp and the pressure layer connects.

The uniqueness of inventive security elements allows the individualization of objects with which they are connected. Therefore, the security element according to the invention preferably has features that prevent non-destructive detachment from an object. The attempt to remove a security element according to the invention from an object leads to the destruction of the security element, so that it becomes unusable. This prevents the security element, which gives an object measurable individuality, from being transferred to another object and so abused.

characteristics for protection against transmission of an inventive Security elements on another object are defined by the layers, their combination and formed by punching.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive Security feature on a release layer. The adhesive layer for bonding with an object and the separation layer are coordinated that the forces that hold the separation layer together are weaker than the forces that the security element and hold an object together over the adhesive layer. Of the Attempt to remove the security element from the object results therefore more likely to a separation of the release layer than to a separation the adhesive layer of the object. The separating layer thus provides a predetermined breaking point In a preferred embodiment of the invention Security element is the separating layer formed from a fibrous material, which tears irreversibly along the layer and thereby forming clear traces of crack, which is a peel attempt Show.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive Security element on a layer that at over- and / or Below a certain temperature limit an irreversible color change learns (color change layer).

It It is known that adhesive coatings only within a limited Temperature range can exert their adhesive power (effective adhesion area). At low temperatures, the glue can become brittle and thus fragile; at high temperatures the glue can soften. This allows for a potential Counterfeiters, by temperature change above or below the area where the adhesive layer is effective, a Replacement of the security element from an object. Therefore, such an experiment in the inventive Security element to an irreversible visible change of the security element indicating the attack attempt.

Prefers the irreversible color change occurs at least 5 Kelvin below the upper temperature limit of the effective adhesive area and / or at least 5 Kelvin above the lower temperature limit of the effective Klebereichs.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive Security element has a color change layer which, in the case of and / or falls below a certain temperature limit the optical Makes code illegible. It is Z. B. conceivable that the color change layer if the temperature limit is exceeded and / or undercut Discoloration undergoes the hue of the optical Codes corresponds. Is the color change layer below or mounted above the optical code, so leads the discoloration causes the optical code to stop can be discriminated against by his environment, he no longer machine is detectable.

As well It is conceivable that the optical code itself is a color change which causes him to stop being aware of his Emphasizes the environment visually.

The preferably linking the irreversible color change if the temperature exceeds and / or falls below a temperature limit with the functionality of the optical code has the advantage that an attack attempt by machine during the reading process of the optical Codes can be detected without needing additional funds for the detection of an attack attempt are necessary.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive Security element punched on, which in a peel attempt of the security element from an object to a division of the security element to lead. The punches thus become a replacement of the security element as a whole is made difficult / hindered by an object. Forces in a peel attempt on the security element act, are channeled through the punched targeted and lead to a division of the security element. The division of the security element is preferably irreversible, which z. B. can be achieved thereby that the punches are not passed through all layers of the security element lead, so that at a division a layer in the no punching is present, due to the division an irreversible, recognizable separation (destruction) experiences.

The security element according to the invention can be round, elliptical, oval or n-square. But it is also any other arbitrary form conceivable. The size of the security element according to the invention is between 100 mm ² and 10,000 mm ² .

The inventive security element leaves with other, known from the prior art security features such as Watermarks, specialty inks, guilloche patterns, microfonts and holograms.

The Security element according to the invention allows the Use of optical code already available IT infrastructure.

The security element according to the invention is simple and intuitive to use, inexpensive and offers a high counterfeit protection.

object The present invention furthermore relates to the use of the security element according to the invention for the identification and / or authentication of objects as well for protection against counterfeiting.

For this purpose, the security element according to the invention is connected by means of the adhesive layer with an object. Since the security element according to the invention is designed as a self-adhesive label, it can be connected to a large number of different objects. Thus, it also makes such objects for identification / authentication according to a method WO 2005088533 (A1) otherwise not suitable for a process according to WO 2005088533 (A1) would be suitable.

Alone the presence of the security element according to the invention on an object indicates the authenticity of the corresponding object and thus serves the counterfeit protection. Based on the presence of the security element on the object, a human being can recognize that it is most likely an authentic object, because the security element is not removed from an object and up another object can be transmitted.

By a special shape, color, printing and / or presence other visually detectable features is it possible for a human without tools, an obviousness check with regard to the authenticity of the object. Furthermore, a human can recognize without aids, whether the inventive Security element has been the subject of an attack attempt: possibly there is a change in color or a recognizable cracking in front.

Further serves the security element according to the invention on an object for identifying and authenticating objects.

• (I) Ermittlung des charakteristischen Streusignals des Sicherheitselements,
• (II) Verknüpfung des charakteristischen Streusignals mit dem optischen Code des Sicherheitselements,
• (III) Speicherung des charakteristischen Streusignals in Form einer maschinenverarbeitbaren Datei,
• (IV) Anbringung des Sicherheitselements an einem Objekt.

In a preferred embodiment, the security element according to the invention is detected prior to attachment to an object. By detection is meant that the characteristic scatter signal is determined by the scattering range of the security element according to the invention and stored in the form of an electronically and mechanically processable file, wherein before or after storage, a link between the file containing the characteristic scatter signal and the optical code or a by means of optical code printed on the security element identification number. In this way, the security element is registered. It carries an optical code associated with a file containing the characteristic scatter signal. This file is referred to here as a reference record. The reference data set may contain the entire characteristic scattering signal in digitized form; but it can also only a part, for. B. a characteristic pattern within the signal, a so-called fingerprint included. After the security element according to the invention has been detected / registered, it is attached to an object. Since it can not be removed from the object without destroying it, it gives the object an individual identification number (optical code) and a unique characteristic for authentication (characteristic scatter signal). The use of the security element according to the invention for the identification and authentication as well as for the counterfeit protection of an object comprises at least the steps:

• (I) determination of the characteristic leakage signal of the security element,
• (II) combining the characteristic leakage signal with the optical code of the security element,
• (III) storing the characteristic scattering signal in the form of a machine processable file,
• (IV) attachment of the security element to an object.

Prefers the steps (I) to (IV) are carried out in the stated order, wherein the order of steps (II) and (III) are also changed can.

In step (I), the characteristic scattering signal of the security element according to the invention is determined. The determination takes place by irradiation of the scattering range with electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength in the range from 300 nm to 1000 nm and detection of the radiation reflected from the scattering range at different angles. Preferably, the determination of the characteristic scattering signal by means of a method according to WO 2005088533 (A1) ,

According to the invention the detection of the security element before attachment to an object. This has u. a. a speed and cost advantage. The security elements can be detected quickly after their production. Captured security elements can be generated in advance and stored and attached to an object if necessary.

The Method for identifying and authenticating objects based on the security element according to the invention is also the subject of the present invention.

• (A) Auslesen eines optischen Codes auf dem Sicherheitselement und Bestimmung eines Referenzdatensatzes,
• (B) Ermittlung des charakteristischen Streusignals des Sicherheitselements,
• (C) Vergleich des charakteristischen Streusignals mit dem Referenzdatensatz,
• (D) Ausgabe einer Mitteilung hinsichtlich der Authentizität des Objekts in Abhängigkeit des Ergebnisses des Vergleichs in Schritt (C).

The method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps:

• (A) reading an optical code on the security element and determining a reference data set,
• (B) determining the characteristic leakage signal of the security element,
• (C) comparison of the characteristic leakage signal with the reference data set,
• (D) outputting a message regarding the authenticity of the object depending on the result of the comparison in step (C).

The Identification and authentication of an object is preferred machine.

Step (A) is for identifying the object based on the optical code. The reading of the optical code in step (A) can be done with a corresponding commercial scanner for the optical code used. The result is usually an identification number for the object. For details on optical codes, refer to the extensive literature on the decoding of optical codes (eg, BC Demant, B. Streicher-Abel, P. Waszkewitz, Industrial Image Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1998, p. 133 ff, J. Rosenbaum, Barcode, Verlag Technik Berlin, 2000, p. 84 ff ). Once the object has been identified, a reference data set can be uniquely determined. The reference data set contains the characteristic scatter signal of the security element connected to the object, which has been determined at an earlier point in time and stored in the form of machine-processable data preferably in a database. The determination can be made, for example, by the identification number referring to a corresponding entry in a database in which the reference data record is stored.

In step (B), the characteristic scattering signal of the security element according to the invention is determined. The determination takes place by irradiation of the scattering range with electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength in the range from 300 nm to 1000 nm and detection of the radiation reflected from the scattering range at different angles. Preferably, the determination of the characteristic scattering signal by means of a method according to WO 2005088533 (A1) ,

The Order of step (A) and step (B) can be reversed.

In Step (C) becomes the detected leakage signal with the reference data set from step (A) compared (authentication). Through the identification of the object based on the optical code on the security element the corresponding reference data set can be very fast determine. The authentication can thus be used in a fast 1: 1 comparison of the currently recorded scatter data with the reference data set done.

Typically, the characteristic leakage signal will not match 100% with the reference data set. The reason for this is, for example, the fact that the security element according to the invention undergoes an aging process and the characteristic scattering signal changes as a result of environmental influences. Furthermore, when determining the scatter signal, it is not always possible to irradiate exactly the same range, so that, if necessary, a slightly varying scatter signal is determined during each authentication process. As a rule, therefore, a threshold value S is set. If the degree of correspondence between the characteristic scattering signal and the reference data set is S or more, a match is deemed to be given, and if the degree of coincidence is below S, the compared data sets are considered different. The determined characteristic scatter signal is present in machine-processable form like the reference data record, ie generally as a number table. The comparison of the data sets can be made on the basis of the complete number table or on the basis of characteristic features from the number table. For this purpose, for. B. known pattern matching methods are used, in which similarities between the data sets is searched (see, eg. Image Analysis and Processing: 8th International Conference, ICIAP '95, San Remo, Italy, September 13-15, 1995. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) . WO 2005088533 (A1) . WO 2006016114 (A1) . C. Demant, B. Streicher-Abel, P. Waszkewitz, Industrial Image Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1998, p. 133 ff . J. Rosenbaum, Barcode, Verlag Technik Berlin, 2000, p. 84 ff . US 7333641 B2 . DE 10260642 A1 . DE 10260638 A1 . EP 1435586 B1 ).

In Step (D) is to issue a message regarding the Authenticity of the object depending on Result of the comparison in step (C).

In step (D) z. For example, a message is issued as to whether the object is an authentic object or a forgery. It is Z. B. possible to use a light signal for this purpose: apply the compared in step (C) records as consistent, it is obviously not a fake and it lights z. B. a green light on; If the data sets compared in step (C) do not match, it is obviously a fake and it is lit up, for example. B. a red light on. Alternatively, an acoustic signal or other message, which can be detected by the human senses, conceivable. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the degree of conformity output via a printer, monitor or similar.

The The security element according to the invention is described below explained in more detail with reference to figures and examples, but not to limit it.

1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the security element according to the invention ( 1 ) comprising a code area ( 2 ) and a scattering area ( 3 ). The code area ( 2 ) comprises an optical code in the form of a barcode printed in a dark hue on a light background. The spread ( 3 ) is indicated by a frame of a solid line. Scattering area ( 3 ) and code area ( 2 ) are spatially separated. The security element according to the invention in 1 is executed around. The diameter in the present example is between 40 and 60 mm. In addition to the elements shown (scattering area, code area, framing), further elements are conceivable, in particular the printing with text, images and characters.

2 schematically shows the layer structure of a preferred embodiment of the security element (a) according to the invention in cross section, (b) in cross section in an exploded view. The layer sequence starting with the lowest layer is: an adhesive protection layer ( 10 ), an adhesive layer ( 11 ), a layer comprising a pulp ( 12 ), a print layer ( 13 ) and a protective layer ( 14 ). The fibrous layer ( 12 ) fulfills in the present case in addition to the provision of a predetermined breaking point in a separation attempt (separation layer) nor the function of providing randomly distributed and / or oriented scattering centers and the function of recording for the printing ink (printing layer).

3 schematically shows the introduction of punches in a security element according to the invention ( 1 ). In this embodiment, there are three types of punches: radial safety punches ( 20 ) in the edge area of the security element, wavy security punches ( 21 ), which run over the security element and an outer contour punching ( 22 ) in the edge area of the security element.

4 shows schematically with reference to three examples, which layers of a security element according to the invention may be affected by a punching. Further possibilities of punching are conceivable. The layer sequence serves as a layer sequence by way of example 2 , The punching ( 31 ) passes through the protective layer, the print layer and the fibrous layer. It is conceivable to perform the punching even through the adhesive layer. A punching by type of punching ( 31 ) means that the security element can not be detached from an object as a whole. A peel attempt would lead to the division of the security element along the punching lines. The shown punching ( 31 ) has the disadvantage that it passes through the protective layer. This could z. B. Moisture penetrate into the layers below and cause damage. The punching ( 32 ) passes through the print layer, the pulp layer and the adhesive layer. Here, the protective layer is not affected and can therefore fully fulfill its function. Furthermore, in a peel-off attempt, the protective layer would rupture (irreversible damage), which would be recognizable and would indicate a detachment attempt. The punching ( 33 ) runs partially only through the fibrous layer. A peel test would be recognizable by the irreversible damage in the pulp and protective layer.

5 schematically shows the layer structure of the preferred embodiment of a security element according to the invention from Example 1 (for details see Example 1).

6 shows the characteristic scattering signal of the preferred embodiment of a security element according to the invention from Example 1, measured according to the method described in Example 2.

Example 1 - Preparation and Structure of a security element according to the invention

The structure of a preferred embodiment of the security element according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG 5 (b) represented in the form of an exploded view.

The lower area ( 41 ) is formed by the special paper 7110 from 3M (3M 7110 litho paper, white). This special paper is a composite material that already includes the layer sequence adhesive protective layer, adhesive layer and fibrous layer. The adhesive layer is a strongly adhering acrylate adhesive whose adhesion to the substrate (eg polyethylene or polypropylene) according to the manufacturer is higher than the strength of the fibrous layer. Thus, the fibrous layer acts as a release layer, which ruptures during a separation attempt.

The special paper 7110 is temperature resistant in the range of -40 ° C to 175 ° C. The matt surface allows printing and thus provides the surface for printing with an optical code (and possibly other printed images). At the same time, the fiber structure of the special paper, which is unique for each area of the special paper, ensures the provision of randomly oriented and / or distributed scattering centers, so that a Be radiation of the special paper with electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength in the range of 300 nm to 1000 nm results in a characteristic scatter signal, which enables authentication of the security element (or of the object connected to the security element).

The primer ( 42 ) is used for better adhesion of printing ink. The primer used here was the product Indigo Topaz 10 Solution MPS-2056-42 from Hewlett Packard. The primer was applied to the special paper over the entire area using known printing techniques (eg digital printing). On the primer ( 42 ) are a color change layer ( 43 ) and a print layer ( 44 ) by means of known printing techniques (eg digital printing). The color change layer ( 43 ) consists of a temperature-sensitive envelope color, which causes an irreversible color change when a temperature of about 120 ° C from transparent to black is exceeded. The cover color used is commercially available under the name ThermaFlag W / B from the manufacturer Flexo & Gravure Ink. The envelope color is preferably printed only in the code area (unlike in 5 shown). The optical code is printed on the envelope color by means of known printing techniques (eg digital printing). The conclusion of the association forms a protective layer ( 45 ). Here, a PET Overlam RP35 laminate from UPM Raflatac was applied as a protective film by means of known lamination processes.

5 (a) shows the course of the punches in the security element ( 40 ). They are according to 3 three punching types available: radial safety punches ( 20 ), wavy safety punches ( 21 ) and an outer contour punching ( 22 ). The radial safety punches ( 22 ) and the outer contour punching ( 22 ) run as in 5 (a) schematically shown by all layers, with only the adhesive protection layer (lower part of area ( 41 )) is excluded from the punching. The wavy safety punches ( 21 ) run only through the special paper, here too the adhesive protective layer is excluded from the punching.

Example 2 - Measuring the characteristic Scattering signal of a security element according to the invention

By means of in WO 2005088533 (A1) described method, the characteristic scattering signal of the inventive security element of Example 1 was measured. The security element according to the invention had the shape, the dimensions and the spatial distribution of the code area and the spreading area according to FIG 1 and punching according to 3 , where the scattering area was not affected by punching.

For measurement of the scattering signal, a device according to 1 out WO 2005088533 (A1) used with a Flexpoint ^® laser type FP-65/5 (wavelength 650 nm, maximum power 5 mW) and Si-NPN phototransistors type FT-30 from STM as detectors.

The Beam profile of the laser on the security element was linear with a length of 2 mm and a width of 20 microns. The rigid array of lasers and detectors was at constant speed (about 2 cm / second) across the long side of the beam profile a range of 1.5 cm out of the scattering area.

6 shows the intensity I at a detector (detector 16b out 1 of the WO 2005088533 (A1) ) detected scattered radiation as a function of the travel x in arbitrary units. The scatter signal is unique for each individual security element according to the invention and can therefore be used for authentication.

1

label-shaped security element

2

Code area, comprising an optical code in the form of a bar code

3

Scattering region, visually marked by a frame with a solid line

10

Adhesive protective layer

11

adhesive layer

12

fiber-containing layer

13

print layer

14

protective layer

20

radial Safety punching

21

wavy Safety punching

22

Outer contour punching

31

punching by protective layer, printing layer and fiber-containing layer

32

punching by printing layer, fibrous layer and adhesive layer

33

punching partially through the fiber-containing layer

41

special paper 7110 of the company 3M

42

primer Indigo Topaz 10 Solution MPS-2056-42 from Hewlett Packard

43

envelope color ThermaFlag W / B from Flexo & Gravure Ink.

44

printing ink

45

protective layer PET Overlam RP35 from UPM Raflatac

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - WO 2005088533 A1 [0011, 0012, 0013, 0014, 0062, 0062, 0068, 0074, 0077, 0092, 0093, 0095]
• - WO 2006016114 A1 [0077]
• - US 7333641 B2 [0077]
• DE 10260642 A1 [0077]
• - DE 10260638 A1 [0077]
• - EP 1435586 B1 [0077]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Standard ISO / IEC 15420 [0003]
• - Standard ISO / IEC 16022 [0004]
• Rudolf L. van Renesse, Optical Document Security, Third Edition, Artech House Boston / London, 2005 (pp. 63-259) [0010]
• - Demant, B. Streicher-Abel, P. Waszkewitz, Industrial Image Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1998, p. 133 ff, J. Rosenbaum, Barcode, Verlag Technik Berlin, 2000, p. 84 ff. [0073]
• - Image Analysis and Processing: 8th International Conference, ICIAP '95, San Remo, Italy, September 13-15, 1995. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) [0077]
• C. Demant, B. Streicher-Abel, P. Waszkewitz, Industrial Image Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1998, p. 133 ff. [0077]
• - J. Rosenbaum, Barcode, Verlag Technik Berlin, 2000, p. 84 ff. [0077]

Claims (9)

A security element in the form of a self-adhesive label for attaching the security element to an object, comprising means for preventing non-destructive detachment of the security element from the object, characterized in that the security element comprises a code area and a visually marked spreading area, the code area comprising an optical code, and wherein the scattering area has randomly distributed and / or oriented scattering centers, which cause a characteristic of the security element and unique scattering signal upon irradiation of the scattering area with electromagnetic radiation. Security element according to claim 1, characterized that means a non-destructive Prevent detachment of the security element from the object by at least one separating layer, safety punches and / or a color change layer, which is an irreversible color change when exceeding and / or falling below a temperature limit causes be formed. Security element according to one of the claims 1 or 2, at least comprising an adhesive layer, with which the security element can be connected to an object, a fibrous layer, which randomly distributed and / or oriented scattering centers provides, when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation cause a characteristic scatter signal, a print layer, which includes the optical code and a protective layer. Security element according to claim 3, characterized the fibrous layer acts as a separating layer. Security element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the scattering area and code area spatially separated. Security element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the scattering area and code area overlap each other at least partially. Use of the security element according to one of Claims 1 to 6 for identification and authentication an object. Use according to claim 7, characterized that the security element in a first step by determining of the characteristic leakage signal is detected and in a second subsequent Step is connected to an object. Method of identification and authentication an object based on a security element according to one of the claims 1 to 6 at least comprising the following steps: (A) Read out an optical code on the security element and destination a reference dataset, (B) determination of the characteristic Scatter signal of the security element, (C) Comparison of the characteristic Scatter signal with the reference data set, (D) issue a message regarding the authenticity of the object in dependence the result of the comparison in step (C).