DE102008019299A1 - Preparing sterile soil substrate, useful as slow-release fertilizer, comprises separating animal feces into solid and liquid phase, carrying out first and second phase of aerobic material conversion and repeating second phase of conversion - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparing sterile soil substrate from composted animal feces, comprises: separating the feces into a solid and liquid phase; preparing the solid phase of feces in air circumstance in a leased form; carrying out a first phase of aerobic material conversion, which includes an initial composting process; carrying out a second phase of aerobic material conversion, which includes a fungal phase and subsequently an aerobic bacterial phase; repeating the second phase of the aerobic material conversion until the temperature after the conversion does not exceed to 70[deg] C. Preparation of sterile soil substrate from composted animal feces by aerobic material conversion, comprises: separating the feces into a solid and liquid phase, where the solid phase contains 20-50 wt.% of dry matter; preparing the solid phase of feces in air circumstance in a leased form; carrying out a first phase of aerobic material conversion, which includes an initial composting process, where the temperature of the solid phase is reduced to at least 70[deg] C after the completion of the initial composting process or the oxygen content is reduced to below 5% or the carbon dioxide content is increased to 18%; carrying out a second phase of aerobic material conversion, which includes a fungal phase and subsequently an aerobic bacterial phase, where the temperature of the solid phase is reduced to at least 70[deg] C, after completion of the bacterial aerobic phase or the oxygen content is reduced to below 5% or the carbon dioxide content is increased to 18%; repeating the second phase of the aerobic material conversion until the temperature after the conversion does not exceed to 70[deg] C, where the density of the starting material during the material conversion process is 220-380 kg/m 3>, the dry matter of the solid phase is monitored to adjust the dry matter content during the conversion and the liquid content of the circumstance is increased to above 48 wt.%. ACTIVITY : Fertilizer. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.

Description

The The invention relates to methods of producing a soil substrate from faeces, in particular manure and digestate biogas production for use in horticulture and agricultural Production to increase yields and improve of the soil.

One Such soil substrate can be found in all areas of horticultural and agricultural crop production. by virtue of its high content of plant-available nutrients and its water storage capacity can be found in the cultivation of Ornamental plants, in fruit and wine growing, to stimulate the soil life, for the regeneration of nutrient-poor soils and for Renaturation of inferior soils (eg in desert areas) as well as when planting grass areas (eg for sports fields and parks), to strengthen sods in nutrient-poor Soils, such as in desert regions, and the like be used.

State of the art

Out DE 10 2005 051 682 A1 a method is known in which a slow-release fertilizer from animal feces, especially manure and carbonaceous and cellulosic material such as sawdust, sawdust obtained from the processing of untreated woods, green waste, leaves, grass and plants of any kind, with the addition of a sugar solution as a biological catalyst becomes. Manure and carbonaceous and cellulosic material are mixed and then set a dry matter content of 20-70%. Thereafter, the approach takes place in loose rent form. The process is characterized by three phases: a first aerobic phase, a fungal phase and a final aerobic stabilization phase. When reaching a temperature of max. 75 ° C, the material must be flushed with oxygen according to the procedure. For this a modified snow blower is used. After 60 to 70 days, the process of conversion according to said publication is completed.

In DE 10 2006 032 068 A1 There is also disclosed a method of producing a soil substrate in which the dry matter content of the solid phase of the slurry is adjusted between 20 and 65%. Subsequently, the admixture of organic material, which was previously crushed occurs. Otherwise, in the said publication essentially the content of DE 10 2005 051 682 A1 disclosed.

Of the Disadvantage of the above method lies in an incomplete Substance conversion as well as in the long maturation times, because in some regions anaerobic zones form, those of the aerobic ones Conversion of substances by the bacteria oppose.

In addition, the rents are being converted DE 10 2005 051 682 A1 when the local maximum temperature of 75 ° C is exceeded. The high temperature is a criterion of aerobic metabolism by bacteria which takes place only under optimal oxygen conditions. Reaction at said time substantially interferes with the aerobic bacterial conversion process, resulting in a long maturation time.

task

The The object of the present invention is a method for producing a long-lasting soil substrate of high quality to provide that through a shortened maturation time and complete conversion as well as a smaller one Material and labor is characterized.

The Object is according to the invention according to claims 1-8 Solved by a soil substrate of feces and Digestion of biogas production, which germ-free and hygienized is present, free of heavy metals and flavoring substances and non-washable, plant-available nutrients contains, is provided.

"Sanitized" in this context, the absence of intermediate hosts of endo- and ectoparasites, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, clostridia and other enteropathogenic pathogens, as well as pathogens such as Foot-and-mouth disease and the like in the invention Soil substrate. The hygienization is on the one hand by high temperatures during the material conversion process and on the other hand causes antibiotic substances of the microorganisms.

The Bottom substrate according to the invention is made of animal Faeces are made, with the feces in one solid and liquid phase are separated. The dry matter content The solid phase is inventively between 20 and 50%, preferably between 31 and 45%, since in this preferred range the optimal cultivation conditions for the microorganisms involved in the transformation are given.

For the separation is preferably a press screw separation with coupled high-solids agitators, wherein the proportion of dry matter determined by adjusting the pressing pressure can be.

The The liquid phase of the faeces can be done after Separa tion converted by appropriate measures in process water and for irrigation in horticulture and agricultural Production are used. Thus, the shares of liquid phase used from the feces and the ecological Be returned to circulation.

The bottom substrate according to the invention has a bulk density (volume weight) of 200 to 500 kg / m ³ , preferably from 220 to 380 kg / m ³ , since in this area the material conversion process can be carried out preferably. The pH is between 5.5 and 7 and is thus in the neutral range, in order to ensure a uniform development of all microorganisms involved in the transformation of the substance. The amount of the rent is preferably 0.9 m. Deviations are possible depending on the composition and properties of the starting material and the technique used.

The Starting material of the material conversion is luftumspülend under nearly complete oxygen lavage of all particles set in rents using triangular leasing converters, whereby an aerobic conversion is favored. alternative Other suitable technical devices may be used Fixing the rent to be used, the corresponding requirements allow the deposition with the above-described bulk density. After filling the material conversion begins of the starting material, which by different, temporally overlapping biochemical processes is characterized.

At the beginning of the conversion, an initial aerobic rotting process (composting) begins, characterized by the action of aerobic microorganisms. Due to biological processes of said microorganisms, a temperature rise to 74 ° C to 80 ° C. At the same time, the biological processes of the microorganisms cause a consumption of oxygen (O ₂ ) and an increase in the carbon dioxide content (CO ₂ ). Due to the process-related decrease in the O ₂ content in the rents and the simultaneous increase in the CO ₂ content, the anaerobic microorganisms or anaerobic processes are favored by facultative anaerobes. These undesirable process conditions must be prevented by converting the rents under Luftumspülung. Investigations have shown that optimal decomposition occurs at an O ₂ content of more than 5% or a CO ₂ content of less than 18%.

Of the The material conversion process is preferably carried out by continuous Control measurements monitored to detect an unwanted, prevent anaerobic process development, which is an incomplete Substance conversion would result or to a reduction the quality of the soil substrate would contribute.

After completion of the initial rotting process, which is characterized by an increase in temperature to 74 ° C to 80 ° C, rents are implemented at a temperature drop to 70 ° C. Likewise, reacting with a decrease in the O ₂ content to less than 5% or an increase in the CO ₂ content to over 18%. The reaction takes place air-purging with almost complete oxygen flushing of all particles and, associated therewith, an increase in the O ₂ content within the rents.

The conversion of the rents is preferably carried out with a triangle rental converter, the implementation of the rents on the spot has a particularly advantageous effect on the bulk density (volume weight). By using this technique, dense areas in the middle of the rent can be avoided and a uniform material conversion can be achieved over the entire rent. In comparison, using the modified snowthrower, rents are implemented, as in DE 10 2005 051 682 A1 disclosed inside the rent to a densification of the deposited material. This is due to the operation of the snowthrower, since the material is deposited from above during transfer through the ejector tube. This leads to a compression of the material and consequently to an incomplete conversion of the substance inside the rent.

in the Course of the material conversion process occur in three fungal phases the rent. These are outwardly through the Occurrence of fruiting bodies characterized. These mushrooms develop from spores, which due to the conditions in the Rent ideal conditions for their growth.

The process of metabolism is characterized by three fungal phases. These occur after the air-sweeping reaction. When the temperature drops after the aerobic phase of the bacteria has reached 70 ° C, the rent is converted into air circulation. The air-rinsing reaction reduces the temperature of the rent to 52 ° C to 54 ° C. In this temperature range, the first mushroom phase occurs, which is characterized by the formation of fruiting bodies on the horizons. After the fruiting bodies die off, an increase in temperature to 74 ° C to 80 ° C is again observed, characterizing the second aerobic bacterial phase. After its completion, which in turn is characterized by a decrease in the temperature to 70 ° C, there is a renewed luftumspülende implementation, which in turn followed by a mushroom phase. Due to the progressive material conversion is a decrease in the number of Fruiting body during the fungal phases detectable over time. The rent is so often implemented in the course of the material conversion process until an end of the material conversion process can be determined. The completion of the material conversion process is characterized by the absence of fruiting bodies after conversion of the rent and a lack of heating to temperatures above 70 ° C. After completion of the material conversion process, a final resting and maturing phase occurs.

The in the rent occurring aerobic bacteria as well as molds and cap mushrooms shape with their secondary metabolites of antibiotic fission products to sanitize the rent. In addition, they are responsible for nutrient assimilation.

Of the Process of material conversion is over when due to declining Metabolic activity of microorganisms a cooling the rents are made. The material must be complete in the end be implemented to subsequent fermentation processes To prevent air leakage in the sales packaging. In addition, should a self-heating of the material as well as the formation more unpleasant Odors can be prevented by fermentation.

To Cooling the rents, the soil substrate is in sanitized, germ-free form, has a rich brown color, possesses a pleasant smell and can be used as a slow-release fertilizer. In addition, the soil substrate according to the invention has a high content of trace elements and essential plant nutrients. Water-soluble nutrients such as N, P, K and Mg, which are used to nourish the plants are in the inventive Soil substrate periodically set water insoluble, with a washing out of the nutrients in the underground, in the Groundwater or the environment is prevented.

The Floor substrate according to the invention has a high Purity as well as a good water storage and water holding capacity on, which is characterized by the property that the surface of the soil substrate dries quickly after moistening underlying layers continue to have a good water supply. This effect favors the drying of hauled weed seeds, which due to the lack of moisture the ability to Lose germination on the soil substrate, at the same time a optimal water supply of the underlying Schich th guaranteed resulting in an improved water retention capacity of the Bodens leads. At the same time an infestation with damaging Prevents fungal cultures and mosses. Furthermore, the exhalation prevents aromatic compounds by preventing evaporation, which leads to the avoidance of luring insect pests.

The Floor substrate according to the invention is corresponding the compost order free of plant germs, heavy metals and Gift Open.

To avoid anaerobic conversion with undesirable products, it is preferable to control the on-going material conversion process and intervene in changing the conditions in the process. For this purpose, the temperature in the rent is determined by suitable thermometers, which are incorporated into the core of the rent. The determination of the O ₂ content and CO ₂ content can be carried out by means of suitable O ₂ or CO ₂ probes. If the temperature falls after the aerobic bacterial phase in the rent to 70 ° C, the rent is air-purging implement. Likewise, the reaction takes place when the O ₂ content drops to less than 5% or when the CO ₂ content rises to more than 18%.

While The material conversion process causes the release of water and heat due to the biochemical processes of microorganisms. The resulting heat can be considered as a product of the material transformation an alternative use, for example for warming bedding in greenhouses be used.

at an increase of the dry matter content to more than 48% by weight as a result of dehydration, the rents are supplied with liquid, to ensure a further optimal course of the material conversion.

In An embodiment of the method is exclusive the solid phase of the faeces without further additives used.

In Another embodiment of the method is the solid phase of faeces digestate of the biogas plant added. These fermentation residues must be previously through appropriate technique to a particle size smaller 3 mm are crushed. This happens preferably tearing using Topfshredder systems or biotrituratori technique.

In another embodiment, the solid phase of the fecal matter is admixed with organic, compostable, non-toxic substances, such as, for example, rice straw, micanteed straw, reeds, straw, sawdust or sawdust, green leaves, leaves, grass, natural wood waste or plants. These organic, compostable substances, which find their way into the material conversion, are comminuted by mechanical means before the material conversion process begins. In one embodiment of the process, a grain size of the starting material of less than 3 mm is produced. By such granulation, the duration of the process is significantly shortened, since an optimal mixture of the solid phase of the fecal matter and the comminuted organic, compostable substances when preparing the rent is possible. Alternatively, other grains can be used, depending on the starting materials used and the technical equipment used.

The Admixture of organic substances, such as leaves, straw, green waste, Waste wood industry and other organic compostable Substances, is advantageous, but not necessary to carry out the inventive method. The admixture of said Organic substances is beneficial to achieving the necessary Dry matter content of the starting material.

The faeces used for the conversion, Digestate of the biogas plant and organic, compostable Substances are usable in the fresh as well as deposited state.

The Floor substrate according to the invention preferably has a C (carbon): N (nitrogen) ratio of not smaller than 25, where the C: N ratio is an indicator of the fertility of the soil represents and information about the nitrogen fixation in the soil substrate and the associated Long-term effect gives.

In another embodiment of the method of material conversion are used to improve the C (carbon): N (nitrogen) ratio only Non-woody, organic, compostable substances used.

In In another embodiment of the method, the material conversion process the process is excluded from the weather and / or UV radiation performed. In this case, the inventive Method preferably in a UV-resistant hall roofing carried out. Particularly preferred is the embodiment in closed, but well-ventilated halls to avoid disadvantageous Influences of UV radiation and / or weather conditions, such as moisture in the starting material due to rain or Drying of the starting material by sunlight.

To Completion of the method according to the invention can the product of the transformation is sieved and / or pelleted. The screening process can be exemplary with a composting device respectively. This makes the product into a homogeneous, flowable Shape convicted. This makes the product in drill and laying machines for underfoot fertilization can be used.

The Soil substrate is preferably stored dry and loose.

Based Subsequent embodiments, the invention is closer explained.

Embodiment 1

cattle manure from cattle sheds is using press screw separators separated into a liquid and solid phase, wherein the dry weight fraction of the solid phase is between 31 to 45 wt .-%. Using a Delta Retriever will rent the material up to a maximum height of 0.90 m, since until to this height the optimal for the procedure Density can be achieved. The width of the rent is determined by the bulk cone certainly.

moreover The process is weather-resistant and UV-protected Halls performed to an influence of weather conditions on the course of the material conversion process, such as moisture in the starting material by rain or drying of the starting material by Insolation, exclude.

To monitor the process, thermometers and gauges are used to determine O ₂ content and CO ₂ content. The thermometer is placed in the rent so that the temperature in the core can be determined in order to prevent the occurrence of anaerobic processes in a timely manner by immediate air circulation.

After luftumspülender preparation of the rent, a temperature rise to up to 80 ° C can be determined in a first aerobic phase. In this phase, a first aerobic metabolism by bacteria takes place. This is followed by a drop in temperature to 70 ° C. Subsequently, the implementation of the rent under Luftumspülung for entry of oxygen in the rent. After the rent has been realized, a first mushroom phase appears in the rents, which can be recognized by the formation of fruit bodies on the rent surface. After the fruiting bodies die off, the temperature rises up to 80 ° C as a result of the second aerobic phase of the bacteria. After subsequent lowering of the temperature to 70 ° C again takes place a luftumspülende implementation of the rent, which then causes a further mushroom phase with occurring fruiting body formation. This is followed by an aerobic bacterial phase characterized by a rise in temperature up to 80 ° C. After completion of this aerobic bacterial phase takes place again a luftumspülendes reaction of the rent, which is the appearance of the third mushroom phase and then the third aerobic bacterial phase causes. After completion of the third phase of the fungus, another air-circulating reaction takes place, followed by the final resting and maturing phase. The end of aerobic metabolism is characterized by cooling of the rent due to the metabolic activity of the microorganisms due to the completely converted starting materials.

to Assessment of cessation of metabolic activities can after 40 to 42 days a luftumspülendes repositioning respectively. In the absence of a temperature increase after this reaction, can assume a complete transformation of the substance.

To 45 to 50 days, the process of the substance conversion is finished.

Embodiment 2

The solid phase of the slurry generated according to Embodiment 1 are added leaves and green waste, which were previously crushed by mechanical crushing methods to particle sizes of less than 3 mm. Thereafter, the preparation of the starting material is carried out under Luftumspülung in rents form by Dreiecksmietenumsetzer as described in Example 1. At the same time there is an intimate mixing of the solid phases and the shredded leaves and green waste particles. The rent has, analogously to embodiment 1, a height of 0.90 m and a bulk density of 220 to 380 kg / m ³ .

Of the further sequence of the material conversion takes place analogously to the exemplary embodiment 1.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005051682 A1 [0003, 0004, 0006, 0018]
• DE 102006032068 A1 [0004]

Claims (8)

A method of producing a germ-free soil substrate from composted animal fecal matter by aerobic conversion comprising the steps of: a) separating fecal matter into a solid and a liquid phase, the solid phase being brought to a dry matter content of 20 to 50% by weight, b) the solid phase of the faeces is flushed to a rent, c) a first phase of the aerobic conversion is carried out, comprising an initial rotting process, the rents being flushed around the air as soon as the temperature of the ration is at least equal to at least after completion of the initial rotting process 70 ° C or the O ₂ content falls below 5% or the CO ₂ content rises above 18% in the rent, d) a further phase of the material conversion is carried out, which comprises a fungus phase and subsequently an aerobic bacterial phase, wherein The rent will be air-purging implemented as soon as the temperature of the rent after completion of the bacterial n aerobic phase drops to at least 70 ° C or the O ₂ content falls below 5% or the CO ₂ content rises above 18% in the rent, e) this additional phase of the material conversion is repeated until the temperature after the Reactivity does not exceed 70 ° C, f) the bulk density of the feedstock of the material conversion process is between 220 kg / m ³ and 380 kg / m ³ and g) the dry matter content of the feed during the conversion is to be controlled and when increasing above 48 wt. -% of the rents liquid is added. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the course of the material conversion process the rent overall is implemented four times. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized that the dry weight fraction is between 31 to 45 wt .-%. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized fermentation residues of biogas production are added. Method according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized that the solid phase crushed before the beginning of the material conversion process organic, compostable, non-toxic substances are added. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the organic, compostable, non-toxic substances a Particle size of less than 3 mm. Method according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized that the solid phase of the faeces and the organic, Compostable substances are mixed so that the C: N ratio not below 25: 1. Method according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized that the material conversion to the exclusion of UV radiation and / or Weather conditions is carried out.