DE102007041041A1 - System for heating and ventilation of rooms, particularly in buildings, has outer air duct, exhaust air duct, ventilation channel and air supply duct, where storage unit is provided for storing excess heat in system - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has an outer air duct, an exhaust air duct, a ventilation channel (8) and an air supply duct (9). A counter flow heat exchanger (1) is coupled with the outer air duct, the exhaust air duct, the ventilation duct and the air supply duct, is provided with a heat exchanger (24) in the exhaust air duct and another heat exchanger (14) in the air supply duct. A storage unit (11) is provided for storing excess heat in the system and for delivering the stored heat. An independent claim is included for a method for controlling a system for heating and ventilation of rooms.

Description

The The present invention relates to a system for ventilating and / or heating rooms and a method for controlling a system for heating / cooling of Rooms.

In buildings, which are at least temporarily heavily frequented, such as school-building or classroom, the ventilation needs during the Usage very big. A heating / cooling is only for a limited amount of time, for example during class. While that building or the room is heavily frequented, it can happen that in the building or in the room people a high amount of heat submit.

It Object of the present invention, a system for ventilation and / or Heating rooms as well to provide for a corresponding procedure.

These The object is achieved by a system according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 7 solved.

Consequently A system is provided for heating and / or ventilating rooms. The system has an outside air duct, an exhaust air duct, an exhaust duct and a supply air duct. The system further includes a countercurrent heat exchanger on, which with the outside air duct, coupled to the exhaust air duct, the exhaust duct and the supply air duct is. Furthermore, a first heat exchanger in the exhaust air duct and / or a second heat exchanger in the supply air duct arranged. The system further includes a memory for storing of excess heat in the System and for releasing the stored heat.

According to one Aspect of the present invention, the system further comprises a mixing door in the outer channel before the countercurrent heat exchanger on. The system also includes a bypass door and a bypass between the bypass damper and the supply air duct. The mixing flap and the bypass flap are interconnected, allowing an air flow from the outside air duct through the mixing flap, through the bypass flap and through the bypass led to the supply air duct can be.

According to one Another aspect of the present invention provides a first 4-2 valve and adjusted so that the first heat exchanger as an evaporator and a third heat exchanger in the store as a liquefier works, leaving heat is stored from the exhaust duct in the memory.

According to one Another aspect of the present invention is a 4-2 valve such set that the first heat exchanger as a liquefier and the third heat exchanger in the memory operates as an evaporator, so that in the memory stored heat transferred to the exhaust air becomes.

According to one Another aspect of the present invention provides a second 4-2 valve and adjusted so that the second heat exchanger as a condenser and the third heat exchanger in the memory works as an evaporator, so that in the memory stored heat over the second heat exchanger for heating the supply air is used in the supply air duct.

The The invention relates to a method of controlling a heating system and / or airing Rooms. The system has an outside air duct, an exhaust air duct, an exhaust duct, a supply air duct, a Countercurrent heat exchanger, a first heat exchanger in the exhaust air duct and / or a second heat exchanger in the supply air duct. The excess heat present in the system becomes stored in the memory and can then be returned.

According to one Aspect of the present invention may be stored in the memory Heat over the heat exchangers in the supply air duct or over the heat exchanger be discharged in the exhaust duct.

The The invention further relates to the idea of accumulating in a room Heat z. B. by means of a heat pump stored in a memory and this stored heat then to Heating or to use for hot water treatment. To one ventilation requirement to be able to cover can be a ventilation unit be provided, wherein a heat transfer Preferably, by means of the room air, while a heat storage preferably done by water. Thus, a system for ventilation, the heat recovery, heat storage and for heating / cooling intended.

The during ventilation not needed Heat or the excess heat (for example while the period of use incurred personal heat) is stored, then to the Heat the room air or for the hot water treatment to be used.

Further Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

embodiments and advantages of the invention will be described below with reference to FIGS Drawing closer explained.

1 shows a schematic representation a heating / ventilation system according to the invention.

The Heating / ventilation system according to the invention is particularly suitable for Facilities, which are frequently frequented, during the heavy use phase due to the presence of the Persons generated heat can be cached in a memory to be subsequently used to become. Thus, the system according to the invention is particularly suitable for teaching and meeting rooms.

1 shows a schematic representation of a heating / ventilation system according to the invention. The central component is a reversible heat pump with the compressor 23 and the expansion valve 26 , The system has an external air connection, an exhaust air connection, an exhaust air connection 8th and a supply air connection 9 , Further, a cross-countercurrent heat exchanger X-WT 1 intended. In the outside air duct, a mixing flap 2 be provided, which via a bypass flap 3 coupled with a bypass, so that the countercurrent heat exchanger 1 can be bypassed, ie, the air flow from the outside air duct can at least partially to the counterflow heat exchanger 1 over to the exhaust air duct or to the supply air duct 9 be guided. The system also has a memory 11 for temporarily storing excess heat.

In the outside air duct, a filter 6 There is also a fan 4 be provided, the fan 4 through the filter 6 fresh outside air sucks and by means of the mixing flap 2 to the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 supplies. In the supply air duct 9 can be a silencer 7 be provided. In the exhaust duct 8th can be a fan 5 , a silencer 7 and a filter 6 be provided. Between the mixing flap 2 and the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 Optionally an air preheater 25 be provided. In the supply air duct 9 Optionally a heat exchanger 14 be provided as a reheater. In the exhaust air duct, another heat exchanger 24 be provided. The heat not required for the ventilation can by means of a heat exchanger in the memory 11 stored, for example, this memory contains water as a storage medium.

Optionally, in the supply air duct 9 directly at the outlet of the supply air duct through the nozzle 16 Water to be atomized. For this purpose, a delivery / dosing unit 17 with a water tank 18 be coupled and spray the water at the outlet of the air duct. The amount of water required depends on the air volume flow. The amount of atomized water can vary depending on one through a sensor 20 measured humidity.

By means of the mixed air flap 2 can - as described above - an air flow to the heat exchanger 1 be passed. This is particularly advantageous when premises are to be cooled by means of the outside air. The mixed air damper 2 is with the bypass flap 3 coupled, which with the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct 9 is coupled. According to the position of the flap 3 can the outside air through the mixing flap 2 and the flap 3 through the bypass to the supply air duct 9 or be led to the exhaust duct. The use of the bypass is dependent on the in the exhaust duct 8th measured room temperature. While the bypass flap 3 can be either open or closed, the mixed air damper 2 between 0 and 100% open or closed, so that a part of the outside air to the heat exchanger 1 over to the supply air duct 9 can be performed.

To freeze the heat exchanger 1 Prevent the air preheater 25 by means of a three-way valve 27 to be activated. By means of the three-way valve 27 is the air preheater 25 with the memory 11 coupled. Thus, the heat present in the reservoir in the preheater 25 ascend, ie a heat pipe is provided. Alternatively to air preheating by means of the heat exchanger 25 can the airflow through the bypass flap 3 can be guided, and the air flow in the heat exchanger 14 reheat to avoid freezing of the heat exchanger.

Through the exhaust duct 8th Room air is filtered by the fan 5 optional through the silencer 7 and the filter 6 aspirated. In the exhaust duct 8th can be a sensor 20 be provided for the measurement of air quality. The by the fan 5 The amount of air delivered may vary depending on the air quality sensor 20 to be controlled. The sucked in room air passes through the Kreuzge genstromwärmetauscher 1 , flows on a non-return valve 10 over and flows through the exhaust duct, for example via a wall duct to the outside. The arranged in the exhaust duct heat exchanger 24 can be used to extract the heat present in the exhaust air.

The heat exchangers 1 . 14 and 24 can each with a drip tray 15 and a collecting container 19 be provided in order to dissipate condensate formed in the heat exchanger can. Alternatively, a permanently installed condensate drain can be provided.

following the heating operation of the system is described.

That in the store 11 located medium is used to store heat and then release the stored heat. For storing heat in the medium in the memory 11 becomes the fan 4 in the outside air duct activates and drives an outside air flow over the mixing damper 2 and the bypass flap 3 through the heat exchanger 24 in the exhaust air duct. During this time is the fan 5 in the exhaust duct 8th preferably switched off. The refrigerant circuit is through the 4-2 valve 22 designed such that the heat exchanger 24 as an evaporator and a heat exchanger in the store 11 acts as a plasticizer. In order to achieve an optimum coefficient of performance of the cooling circuit, the fan speed of the fan can 4 and the compressor power are matched. When outside temperatures are low, it may be necessary to use the evaporator heat exchanger 24 by means of in the memory 11 de-stored heat.

After the memory 11 may be at least partially charged with heat, the heat stored in the memory may be preferably used during a discharge phase for heating the supply air. This will be a pump 13 and designed as a heater heat exchanger 14 in the supply air duct 9 used. Thus, the supply air by means of the heating register 14 he warms, with the heat needed for the memory 11 is withdrawn by means of the heat exchanger therein.

Hereinafter, the function of the heat and cold storage will be explained in more detail. The heating / ventilation system according to the invention can be used as an exhaust air heat pump, wherein the fan 5 in the exhaust duct 8th an exhaust air flow through the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 passes. The supply air flow can via the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 and / or over the bypass 3 be guided. The heat contained in the exhaust air at the outlet of the heat exchanger can be cooled below the frost limit. An icing of the heat exchanger 24 can through the in the store 11 stored heat can be avoided by the heat exchanger 24 to be defrosted. Thus, an excess of internal heat, which is generated for example by people in the premises, in the heat storage 11 get saved.

As already described above, a room can be cooled by cooler outside air by the outside air in whole or in part by means of the mixing flap 2 and the bypass flap 3 at the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 over to the supply air duct 9 to be led. If the resulting cooling is insufficient, the air / water heat pump in the system can be reversed. Here, the air flow corresponds to the air flow during heating operation, with the 4-2 valve 12 the cooling circuit switches so that the heat exchanger 24 in the exhaust duct to the condenser and in the memory 11 arranged heat exchanger to the evaporator is. Thus, the heat contained in the memory is dissipated and transported away with the exhaust air.

The Heating / ventilation system can operate in different operating modes or operating phases. The Use phase corresponds to the phase during which the premises to be used. The dry phase corresponds to the phase after the use phase and lasts until essentially all moisture in the air heat exchangers, Dried filter mats and ventilation channels is. The non-use phase closes at the dry phase at. While an opti onal protection operation, the air temperature and / or the humidity can be controlled or regulated. During one Use preparation phase can be an intensive ventilation of the rooms with a conditioning the temperature and / or the humidity take place.

During winter time, the room should be at setpoint temperature, setpoint humidity, and setpoint air quality at the beginning of the usage phase. During use, for example, heat is generated by the body heat of the persons, which can be transported away by the exhaust air or, for example, in the storage tank 11 (by means of the heat exchanger 24 and the heat exchanger in the memory 11 ) can be stored. If cooling of the room is necessary, this can be done through the mixing door 2 and the bypass flap 3 controlled, wherein outside air to the counterflow heat exchanger 1 over to the supply air duct 9 to be led. During the dry season in the winter time, those hygienic conditions are provided in the system, which make it possible to switch off the ventilation system after the drying phase, ie the excess humidity is reduced. For this purpose, for example, all air ducts flushed without activation of the heat pump and thus dried. During the non-use phase in winter, the system is completely switched off. If a backup operation is needed, for example, due to cold outdoor temperatures or due to a prolonged non-use phase, it may be in the memory 11 stored heat to be charged by means of the air / water heat pump and then discharged via the ventilation system and the heater. During a subsequent use-preparation phase (about one hour before the next start of use), the poor quality air that is generated during non-use is replaced with heated fresh air. For this purpose, the heat content of the memory can be completely discharged and the supply air be delivered to the room. If the outside temperatures are at a low level, the supply air can be humidified if necessary.

In a transitional period between winter and summer time, the room air can through cold outside air while the usage time cooled become. The memory can over the exhaust air heat pump be at least partially charged. The dry phase during the transitional period corresponds to the dry phase during the winter period, the non - exploitation phase during the transitional period corresponds to Non-use phase during the winter time. A support operation can be omitted. When a use preparation operation is necessary is, this can be like during the winter time.

In summer, high internal heat gains can occur due to the high room temperatures. At the beginning of the period of use, the room can be comfortably tempered. In the store 11 a sufficient amount of cold can be stored, ie the temperature in the store 11 can be at a low level. The ventilation system can provide sufficient air exchange by means of the mixing flap 2 and the bypass flap 3 be provided. However, the bypass is closed only when the cross-countercurrent heat exchanger 1 Can recover cold. By means of in the store 11 stored cold, the supply air through the heat exchanger 14 be cooled and dehumidified if necessary. The dry phase during the summer time corresponds to the dry phase during the winter season. During the non-use phase, a free night cooling takes place by means of the ventilation system, as far as the temperature of the nightly outdoor air permits. During backup operation, the air / water heat pump can be activated in reverse operation, so that cold is generated in the memory. The resulting heat can be released via the exhaust air. During the service preparation phase, the room can be ventilated by means of the ventilation system and, if necessary, cooled with dry, cold air.

Optionally, the system may also be provided with at least one sink, the one in the store 11 Stored water can be used as drinking water. During summertime, it may be necessary to heat the water from the storage tank by means of a small flow heater.

The Heating / ventilation system according to the invention concerns the thought of excess heat the rooms stored in a memory and the stored heat then to Heating / ventilation to use.

The Heating / ventilation system according to the invention preferably has a clear Control panel for operating the basic functions. The system points further optionally a data communication interface for data communication with other systems and / or a central office, such as a PC center on. By means of this data communication, a complete operation of the Systems take place. The data communication can also be used for networking electronic data processing in the building. The system can optionally provide a WLAN bridge in the room, so that by means of a wireless connection to the school network or the Internet can be. The system may further include a central processing unit have a time program. The time program can serve the usage times of the premises, for example within the next Save week.

The Heating / ventilation system serves to provide comfortable conditions of use in terms of temperature and the humidity during the periods of use of the premises provided. This can be done, for example, by suitable coordination Hygienic air exchange, heating, dehumidification, cooling and Humidifying done by air. Based on the measurement of air quality, the needed Air changes are controlled or regulated. The hygiene of the plant parts of the Systems that are exposed to moisture must be adequate be ensured. The system can also be used to the required heat / cold amounts, which during the Non-use phase must be stored. By the System can the various functional groups, such as the ventilation heat exchanger and the exhaust air heat pump, be coordinated with each other. Furthermore, data of the weather forecast to be involved in the control of the system. The system must be sufficient against icing of the heat exchanger in the exhaust duct, especially during be secured by the Winterbetrie bes. This can be done, for example a cyclic deicing by a reversal of the refrigerant circuit respectively. The accumulator charging pump can in terms of their speed to be controlled. The system can also provide any necessary shading the windows with control.

The System may further include a monitoring unit for monitoring of the plant and to report faults or maintenance operations exhibit.

Claims (10)

System for heating and / or ventilating rooms, with an outside air duct, an outgoing air duct, an exhaust duct ( 8th ) and a supply air duct ( 9 ), a countercurrent heat exchanger ( 1 ), which with the outside air duct, the exhaust air duct, the exhaust duct ( 8th ) and the supply air duct ( 9 ), a first heat exchanger ( 24 ) in the exhaust air duct and / or a second heat exchanger ( 14 ) in the supply air duct ( 9 ), and a memory ( 11 ) for storing excess heat in the system and for releasing the stored heat. A system according to claim 1, further comprising a mixing flap ( 2 ) in the outside air duct, wherein the mixing flap ( 2 ) in front of the heat exchanger ( 1 ), a bypass flap ( 3 ) and a bypass between the bypass flap ( 3 ) and the supply air duct ( 9 ), whereby the mixing flap ( 2 ) and the bypass flap ( 3 ) are connected to each other, so that the air volume flow from the outside air duct through the mixing flap ( 2 ), through the bypass flap ( 3 ) and the bypass to the supply air duct can be performed. System according to claim 1 or 2, with a first 4-2 valve ( 22 ), which is set such that the first heat exchanger ( 24 ) as an evaporator and a third heat exchanger in the memory ( 11 ) operates as a condenser, so that heat from the continuous channel in the memory ( 11 ) is stored. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a 4-2 valve ( 22 ), which is set such that the first heat exchanger ( 24 ) as liquefying and the third heat exchanger in the memory ( 11 ) operates as an evaporator, so that in the memory ( 11 ) stored heat is transferred to the exhaust air. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a second 4-2 valve ( 12 ), which is set such that the second heat exchanger ( 14 ) as condenser and the third heat exchanger in the memory ( 11 ) works as an evaporator, so that in the memory ( 11 ) stored heat through the second heat exchanger ( 14 ) the supply air in the supply air duct ( 9 ) is heated. System according to one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a in the exhaust duct ( 8th ) arranged sensor ( 20 ) for measuring the air quality. Method for controlling a system for heating and / or ventilating rooms, the system comprising an outside air duct, an outgoing air duct, an exhaust duct ( 8th ), a supply air duct ( 9 ), a countercurrent heat exchanger ( 1 ), a first heat exchanger ( 24 ) in the exhaust air duct and / or a second heat exchanger ( 14 ) in the supply air duct ( 9 ), comprising the steps of: storing excess heat in the system in a memory ( 11 ), and dispensing in the memory ( 11 ) stored heat. A method according to claim 7, wherein in the memory ( 11 ) stored heat through the heat exchanger ( 14 ) in the supply air duct ( 9 ) or via the heat exchanger ( 24 ) can be discharged in the exhaust duct. Method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein excess heat in the exhaust air duct in the reservoir ( 11 ) and wherein the stored heat is subsequently to the air in the supply air duct ( 9 ) can be delivered. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the air channels of the system flushed with air to remove moisture in the system.