DE102005044827A1 - Procedure for receiving ballast water for ship, comprises treating the water received through outboard before its introduction into a ballast water tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The procedure for receiving ballast water for ship, comprises treating the water received through outboard before its introduction into a ballast water tank (5). The water is filtered in cleaning stages (6). The contamination of each cleaning stage is measured and the filtered out residues are removed from the cleaning stage, after exceeding a pre-determined degree of contamination. The removed residues are collected and are given to the outboard. A producer station (12) produces disinfectant, which is added to the treated water. Fresh water is used in the production of the disinfectant. The procedure for receiving ballast water for ship, comprises treating the water received through outboard before its introduction into a ballast water tank (5). The water is filtered in cleaning stages (6). The contamination of each cleaning stage is measured and the filtered out residues are removed from the cleaning stage after exceeding of a pre-determined degree of contamination. The removed residues are collected and are given to the outboard. A producer station (12) produces disinfectant, which is added to the treated water. Fresh water is used in the production of the disinfectant. Sodium chloride is added to the fresh water and produces a direct current of pre-determined strength. The produced disinfectant is introduced into a storage tank. The used fresh water is replaced partially by the received seawater through the outboard. The quantity of the received water is measured. A part of the disinfectant is added to the received water. The quantity of disinfectant is determined based on the measured quantity. An independent claim is included for a device for the procedure of receiving ballast water.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for receiving ballast water for a floatable Means of transport, in the outboard absorbed water in at least one emptying outboard ballast water tank is initiated. The invention also relates to a device for receiving ballast water for a buoyant one Means of transport, with at least one conveyor for receiving and introduction of the water into at least one ballast water tank and / or for discharging the ballast water outboard, preferably for execution of such a procedure.

It is known for trimming a buoyant means of transport, in particular of a seagoing vessel to use ballast water. Generally that serves Initiation or discharge of ballast water in or out of the Ballast water tanks of the transport to increase or decrease the buoyancy of the means of transport, creating an optimal swimming position the transport is adjustable at any time. The targeted trimming a buoyant one Transport is necessary if, for example, by the partially delete of charge an uneven load of charge Hulk occurs. In this case, the ballast water tanks filled directly in the area of the unloaded hull.

Known Processes have the disadvantage that after unloading the cargo holds water introduced to the trimming of the means of transport in the ballast water tanks which, with pollutants, but in particular also with organisms, such as. Small animals, parasites and pathogens, contaminated is. Ships containing contaminated ballast water from tropical regions carry with them and this polluted ballast water along with its pathogens before a European Port city again, provide both for the resident flora and fauna as well for the population living there an ecological Burden or a harmful threat.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a method of the above Kind to improve so that by discharged ballast water an impairment of the existing ecological balance is avoided.

The solution This object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the Features of claim 1 and by a device, in particular to carry out of the method, with the features of claim 14. Advantageous developments The invention are referred to in each of these claims under claims specified.

at a method of the type mentioned, is according to the invention provided that the recorded Water, before its introduction into ballast water tanks, by at least a cleaning step is pretreated. Through the pretreatment of the Ingested water in a purification step may contain undesirable components, e.g. dirt particles or microorganisms, including crabs or clams, removed become. The absorbed water can be removed with the help of the cleaning stage in an advantageous manner for a necessary post-treatment can be processed and it can be each reach a predetermined degree of purity in the water. Around the wished The purity of the absorbed water is different operations such as centrifuging, filtering or distilling for pre-treatment of the water possible.

With particular advantage is provided according to a development of the invention, that this Water is filtered in each purification stage. Preference is given at the filtration of the absorbed water by a predetermined number passed filters with different filtration fineness. When passing through different fine filter within a purification stage, there is a better utilization of the filter capacity in each Cleaning stage, whereby the individual filters have a longer life. The filtration of the absorbed water has the advantage that the mechanical Separation of unwanted Ingredients from the water very effective and easy and thus cost-effective can be done.

In each cleaning step the pollution of the filter is measured, with the filtered residues after exceeding a predetermined degree of contamination independently from the cleaning stage be removed. The predetermined degree of contamination is doing a maximum allowable Value by exceeding it the process of self-cleaning is triggered. The self-cleaning guaranteed always a sufficient flow rate through the cleaning stages, so that the trim of the transport can be done quickly and safely. It is of course also possible to Residues continuously remove in each case predetermined time intervals from the purification stage. With filter residues are collected with particular advantage and / or outboard directed.

To the left after filtration in the water In order to eliminate components, disinfectant is added to the filtered water. The remaining constituents in the filtered water are mainly microorganisms and microorganisms which are eliminated by means of a chemical cleaning process carried out in the absorbed water, e.g. B. can be killed. The disinfectant may in this case be mixed together individually from different components, which ensures optimum after-treatment or disinfection of the water contaminated with pathogens or germs as well as all components coming into contact therewith. It is envisaged to steadily add the disinfectant to the collected, filtered water during its introduction into the ballast water tanks. This results in an independent and uniform distribution of the disinfectant in the water.

Around the need for the needed To be able to cover disinfectants at any time becomes the disinfectant generated in a generator station on board the means of transport. Consequently Even after unforeseen incidents, such as slipping Cargo in the storage spaces means of transport, allowing the inclusion of additional ballast water for recovery makes an optimal swimming position of the means of transport unavoidable, at any time a sufficient amount of disinfectant for the addition ready for the absorbed water.

To a development of the invention is provided that as a basis for the Production of the disinfectant fresh water is used. The fresh water stored in a separate tank is used as needed passed into the generator station and then subjected to a predetermined processing process. The introduced fresh water has the advantage that it as Freshwater and because of its high quality optimally used as a basis for the production of the disinfectant can be.

In order to the fresh water becomes a reactive solution, the addition takes place from sodium chloride to fresh water. The sodium chloride can do this be entered into the tank storing the fresh water and forms the essential basis for further processing needed electrical conductivity the solution. After crossing a predetermined salt concentration, optimum storage stability occurs for the resulting sodium chloride solution.

It is also possible that this Sodium chloride added to the fresh water in the production station becomes. The addition of sodium chloride to the fresh water in the production station has the advantage that a Addition of the salt present as a solid procedurally easy to implement, since the amount of fresh water introduced in the production of the disinfectant in the production station has a constant value. This is the fresh water in the Growing station preferably while sodium chloride is added until the sodium chloride solution formed in the producer station or Brine a saturation limit from Z. B. 27 has reached. It is of course possible to use sodium chloride solutions a lower concentration in the producer station.

Subsequently, will the sodium chloride solution in the producer station electric current, preferably a DC predetermined Strength exposed. For this, the sodium chloride solution is at least one in the production station arranged electrode pair a DC of preferably 8 amps exposed. This process step produces highly effective oxidants and free radicals, especially oxygen, ozone, chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, which in the saline solution make a temporary connection. By this electrochemical Process is a highly reactive solution for fighting originated from microorganisms and microorganisms.

Around possibly an increased Need for generated disinfectant for addition to ballast water via a to be able to compensate for a short period of time, The disinfectant is after production in a storage tank entered. The storage tank, which is part of the production station is, serves only for temporary caching, since the responsiveness of the disinfectant produced and thus the property bacteria and effectively eliminate germs depending on given environmental conditions only over given a predetermined period of time.

To A further development of the invention, it is possible that the used Fresh water at least partially by outboard recorded seawater is replaced. The seawater can already be the fresh water before his Initially introduced into the producer station or with this only in the producer station are mixed. This is preferably a saving of fresh water supplied, whereby the generation of the Disinfectant over a longer one Time period, without refilling the fresh water tank, can be done.

In a further method step it is provided that the amount of water absorbed is determined. The provision, z. B. by measurement, allows at any time an indication of the amount in the ballast water tanks. With Hil fe the carried out determination, or measurement, the required subset of the disinfectant is determined in dependence on the measured amount of the absorbed water.

Around Make the disinfection of the absorbed water effective to be able to a predetermined amount of disinfectant is removed from the reservoir and added water. This process step is performed with particular advantage controlled, creating an optimized Adding the disinfectant to the absorbed water, which is beneficial to the treatment of contaminated water effect.

After this completed the disinfection process within the ballast water tanks is, the disinfectant is changing, especially its highly reactive Components in the starting material present before the the sodium chloride solution, back. The disinfectant used also has the advantage that after Sequence of the reaction process does not harm the environment Properties lag behind or Side effects occur.

at a device for receiving ballast water for a buoyant means of transport at least one conveyor for receiving and discharging the water into at least one ballast water tank and / or for delivering the ballast water to the outboard, preferably to execution of the method is according to the invention at least one arrangement intended for the treatment of the absorbed water.

With Help the arrangement, which has at least one cleaning stage, are taken from the water taken in for introduction into the ballast water tanks first Suspended suspended particles or other entrained solids. to Treatment of the absorbed water, in particular a mechanical acting cleaning stage, such. a centrifuge or a filter, be used. The cleaning stages operating according to a mechanical working principle based on their high efficiencies and high reliability, an optimal way to carry out an effective treatment of the absorbed water.

Around a predetermined degree of purity of the absorbed water for a possible aftertreatment to ensure, several cleaning stages are connected in series in the conveyor. In this case, they have one behind the other in the conveyor arranged cleaning stages to a preceding each one predetermined gradation, based on the possible degree of cleaning to be achieved in the pretreatment of the water, on. The more cleaning stages one behind the other in the conveyor are arranged, the smaller the number and size of in the absorbed water remaining components.

It is also possible that several Cleaning stages in the conveyor are connected in parallel. The parallel arrangement of the purification stages in the conveyor is preferably used when a division of the recorded Amount of water on several conveyor lines during the Treatment due to a high volume flow in the conveyor makes sense. The distribution of the absorbed water quantity over several Conveyor trains causes at constant cross sections lower flow velocities and thus lower resistances in the individual cleaning stages.

each Cleaning stage preferably has at least one filter, the advantageous in a very simple and effective way in restrains the components contained in the water. The Filter elements in a respective cleaning stage are made of a seawater resistant material manufactured, whereby a necessary corrosion resistance is guaranteed at constant water quality. simultaneously have the filter, in particular their filter screens, one each Different filter fineness or porosity, which is with a particular advantage within each cleaning stage a step filter train. It has the final stage of the purification fine filter a fineness of filtration of about 50 μm, so that out the water when leaving the cleaning stage to a large part Suspended particles is filtered out.

Around a continuous recording and initiation of the outboard absorbed water into the ballast water tanks and at the same time a continuous treatment through the filters of a respective cleaning stage carry out to be able to is provided that at least one of the filters of each cleaning stage a self-cleaning automatic assigned. The self-cleaning mechanism initiates, for example in a predetermined repetitive interval or after crossing one on the sieve surface the filter applied predetermined dif ferential pressure cleaning of the filter, especially the filter screen. The self-cleaning can by Reversal of the usual conveying direction and thus by a backwash within the conveyor be made. In an advantageous embodiment of the self-cleaning automatic can the self-cleaning while maintaining the regular conveying direction at the same time continuous intake and discharge of the water into the ballast water tanks respectively.

Each self-cleaning automatic has one Suction unit for the filtered out residues. The suction unit is guided in a spiral over the hollow cylinder-shaped filter surface, wherein the remaining on the filter screen filter cake is sucked through individual nozzles and discharged through a separate wastewater connection. It is possible to introduce the filtered residues into a dedicated container or to deliver them directly to the outboard. The use of a suction unit for self-cleaning has the advantage that the filter cleaning can be performed together with the recording and the introduction of water in the ballast water tanks.

Around only a small proportion of the storage space for the storage of the required To require disinfectant is on board the means of transport at least one producer station to produce a disinfectant available. This is preferably fluidly with the conveyor connected, whereby the produced disinfectant directly from the Producer station dissipated and The added water can be added. The on board Producer station represents a self-sufficient system that, if necessary provide a sufficient amount of disinfectant at all times can.

With particular advantage is provided according to a development of the invention, that the Producer station has a reactor. The reactor in particular a system over which the feeders or connections which can be supplied under different components for mixing or in the processing to produce a highly reactive Run off disinfectant. By the reactor used is advantageously a simple one and safe way given to produce the highly reactive disinfectant, wherein If necessary, in the reactor, a continuous procedure can be implemented.

there the reactor has at least one fresh water supply line. The Fresh water supply allows in particular the introduction of the fresh water to be carried on board in the Reactor, the supply itself as a flexible hose or fixed Pipe can be formed. Preferably, the supply line formed from fixed pipe sections, since the used Material against possible Pressure fluctuations in the medium is insensitive and at the same time a higher Life has.

Of Furthermore, the producer station has a feed device for solids, such as sodium chloride or the like. The feeder can, for example designed as a bulk material conveyor be and possible a continuous supply of the supplied solids in the producer station. By a controlled supply of solids, the mixing the sodium chloride solution controlled carried out and the concentration of the solution be set individually.

For the purpose of Further processing of the sodium chloride solution in a highly reactive disinfectant has the producer station at least one electrode pair in its interior. The electrodes have a special casing on and are a ceramic, ion-permeable partition from each other separated. Thus, each individual electrode forms a pair of electrodes an anode or cathode chamber. By applying an electrical Current, preferably a direct current of predetermined intensity, especially in the anode chamber, which produces ready-to-use disinfectants.

Around always have a sufficient amount of disinfectant in stock, the producer station has at least one storage tank for the disinfectant on. The storage tank is connected to the reactor of the production station and takes over a temporary storage of the ready-to-use, highly reactive disinfectant. The storage in the storage tank serves only to compensate for varying Required quantities of disinfectant. The storage of the disinfectant over a longer period can not, because the metastable connection between the resulting components decays again after a predetermined period of time. Consequently, the volume points the storage tank preferably only a limited small size.

To a development of the invention, it is provided that the generator station having a seawater connection. It is about the seawater outboard absorbed water and fed to the generator station. The has the advantage that the Savings are given to stored fresh water, which is why the stored amount of fresh water are kept relatively low can. The arranged on the generator station seawater connection can a have direct connection to the reactor of the generator station.

In order to monitor the function of the various components and components of the device according to the invention, at least one programmable controller is provided for a controlled process sequence. There are in particular process-relevant components of the device, such as the conveyor or the producer station, linked together, which can be adjusted in an advantageous manner, the generation of the disinfectant on the promotion of the absorbed water. With the help of the control are preprogrammed procedures are possible or, if necessary, the procedures can be designed individually.

The Control can, in particular, to determine the amount of recorded Water, a data logging exhibit. The measured value acquisition includes at least one Sensor which is used in particular for flow measurement. Of the Sensor is arranged within the conveyor, that the Total amount of water absorbed to a point of the conveyor can be measured. For flow measurement, a variety of measuring instruments, such as. a volume meter or an ultrasonic flowmeter, be used.

In order to an optimized amount of disinfectant ingested Water can be added is at least one of the conveyor associated metering device for the addition of the disinfectant to the ingested water provided. The metering device can for this purpose both one or more have activated components or components.

It is natural in the context of the invention that each Dosing has a controllable valve. It is preferred an electrically controllable valve is used to control the flow of the disinfectant depending on Total amount of water absorbed is set. The use an electrically controlled valve has the advantage that this very easy over the existing control is actuated can be. Furthermore, the valve in the case of a change in volume flow The recorded water can be tracked without noticeable time delay. It goes without saying possible further constructive means, e.g. Pneumatic or hydraulic elements to use for the design of a control of the valve.

For the transport the absorbed water through the conveyor and the introduction the water in ballast water tanks or the discharge of ballast water to the outboard, has the conveyor at least one funding organ. It can several conveyor systems in the conveyor be arranged, whereby on the one hand a redundancy in case of occurring disorders on one of the conveying organs is created and on the other hand an advantageous distribution of the recorded volume flow to the existing conveying organs can be done. In addition to the compact design of the individual conveying organs to ensure a sufficient pressure in the conveyor is it is possible the individual conveyor organs in the conveyor to be arranged in series one behind the other.

each conveying member is a pump that controls the pressure within the fluid or its velocity elevated. In the device according to the invention, a centrifugal pump is preferred used, which needed flow rates for implementing the method according to the invention promote can. Of course can smaller volume flows with the help of other embodiments of circulation or Hubverdrängermaschinen, such as. a gear or vane pump or reciprocating pump, funded become.

One embodiment the invention, from which further inventive features is shown in the drawing.

The Drawing shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention and should clarify its structure and how it works.

With 1 is a conveyor called the ballast water specific seawater from a sea chest 2 a means of transport, such as a ship or the like, receives. The inclusion and initiation of the absorbed water or the delivery of ballast water is carried out with the help of two conveying organs 3 , Furthermore, in the conveyor 1 several adjustable shut-off devices 4 , in the form of shut-off valves arranged. With the shut-off devices 4 can be possible change in the direction of the received water or ballast water in or out of the ballast water tanks 5 make. So in the conveyor 1 a treatment of the absorbed water can take place, has the conveyor 1 two cleaning stages 6 on, which are connected in parallel. By the volume flow division is given an optimal treatment of the absorbed water. In this case, each cleaning stage 6 a self-cleaning automatic, which is activated in a predetermined time interval or after exceeding a predetermined degree of contamination in a respective cleaning stage. This is done via a control line 7 the control valve 8th operated, whereby the filtered-out residues via a filter backwash line 9 and by overboard connection 10 delivered to outboard. Immediately after filtering, the water is added using a metering device 11 a disinfectant was added. For this purpose, the disinfectant in a generator station 12 generated on board the means of transport. For the preparation of the disinfectant, the producer station 12 a fresh water supply 13 for fresh water, a feeder 14 for sodium chloride and a power connection 15 on. After mixing the sodium chloride solution in the production station 12 In particular, the solution is arranged via a in the production station Electrode pair, which with the power connector 15 is connected exposed to a current of predetermined strength. This creates a highly reactive disinfectant. In order to be able to dispense the disinfectant prepared according to a predetermined procedure to the absorbed water, is the conveyor 1 with a measured value acquisition 16 Mistake. The measured value acquisition 16 is with a controller 17 connected to that of the producer station 12 can be assigned, wherein the measured value acquisition 16 detects the amount of water absorbed and transmitted the measured value continuously at predetermined time intervals to the controller. The control 17 , which can simultaneously control the process flow for the production of the disinfectant, controls the funding 18 which the disinfectant from a storage tank, not shown, the producer station 12 discharges and the metering device 11 feeds. The metering device 11 for the addition of the disinfectant is controlled such that the recorded water, a continuously calculated in dependence on the measured amount of water subset of disinfectant is added. In order to be able to reduce the amount of fresh water required in the production of the disinfectant is at the production station 12 a seawater outlet 19 arranged by means of a seawater pump 20 Seawater from the sea chest 2 and the producer station 12 can supply.

Claims (37)

Method for receiving ballast water for a buoyant means of transport, in which outboard water is introduced into at least one ballast water tank emptying outboard, characterized in that the water taken in, prior to its introduction into ballast water tanks ( 5 ), is treated. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, after its absorption in at least one purification stage ( 6 ) is filtered. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pollution of each cleaning stage ( 6 ) and the filtered out residues after exceeding a predetermined degree of contamination from the cleaning stage ( 6 ) are removed. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the distant residues are collected. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the removed debris outboard become. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the collected remnants and outboard are given. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the treated water disinfectant is added. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the disinfectant is used in a production station ( 12 ) is generated on board the means of transport. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that that at the production of the disinfectant fresh water is used. Method according to claim 9, characterized that the Fresh water sodium chloride is added. Process according to claim 10, characterized in that the sodium chloride is added to the fresh water in the production station ( 12 ) is added. Method according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the in the production station ( 12 ) is exposed to an electric current of predetermined strength sodium chloride solution. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that that the Sodium chloride solution is exposed to a direct current. Method according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized that this generated disinfectant is entered into a storage tank. Method according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized that this used fresh water at least partially by outboard absorbed seawater is replaced. Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized that the Amount of ingested water is measured. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that one predetermined subset of disinfectants removed from the storage tank and the added water is added, wherein the subset to be added Disinfectant depending is determined by the measured amount of water absorbed. Apparatus for receiving ballast water for a buoyant transport, with at least one conveyor for receiving and Ein conducting the water into at least one ballast water tank and / or for discharging the ballast water outboard, preferably for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by, an arrangement for the treatment of the absorbed water. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the arrangement comprises at least one cleaning stage ( 6 ) having. Device according to one of Claims 18 and 19, characterized in that a plurality of purification stages ( 6 ) in the conveyor ( 1 ) are connected in series. Device according to one of Claims 18 and 19, characterized in that a plurality of purification stages ( 6 ) in the conveyor ( 1 ) are connected in parallel. Device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that each cleaning stage ( 6 ) has at least one filter. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that at least one of the filters of a respective cleaning stage ( 6 ) is assigned a self-cleaning automatic. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that that each Self-cleaning automatic has a suction unit for the filtered residues. Device according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that with the conveyor ( 1 ) at least one producer station ( 12 ) is connected in fluid-conducting manner for the production of disinfectant. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the production station ( 12 ) has a reactor. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the production station ( 12 ) at least one fresh water supply line ( 13 ) having. Device according to one of Claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the producer station ( 12 ) a feeder ( 14 ) for solids such as sodium chloride or the like. Device according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized that the Producer station has in its interior at least one pair of electrodes. Device according to one of Claims 25 to 29, characterized in that the producer station ( 12 ) has at least one storage tank for the disinfectant. Device according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that the production station ( 12 ) a seawater connection ( 19 ) having. Device according to one of Claims 18 to 31, characterized by at least one programmable controller ( 17 ) for a controlled procedure. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the controller ( 17 ), in particular for determining the amount of absorbed water to be treated, a measured value acquisition ( 16 ) having. Device according to one of claims 18 to 33, characterized in that the conveyor ( 1 ) at least one metering device ( 11 ) is assigned to the added water for the addition of the disinfectant. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that each metering device ( 11 ) has a controllable valve. Device according to one of claims 18 to 35, characterized in that the conveying device ( 1 ) at least one funding body ( 3 ) having. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that each conveying member ( 3 ) is a pump.