DE1013179B - Electromagnetically operated dog clutch, in particular gear shift clutch for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Electromagnetically operated dog clutch, in particular gear shift clutch for motor vehicles The invention relates to electromagnetically operated dog clutches, in particular gear shift clutches for motor vehicles and rail cars.

The electromagnetically switched claw clutch has opposite the Multi-disc clutch has the advantage that it is suitable for transmitting large torques is and at the same time relatively low electromagnetic switch-on and holding forces needed.

For the engagement of the dog clutch halves, depending on the inclination the claw flanks needs a certain time, which passes before the two are to be coupled Gear members have approximately the same speed, so that the engagement of the Claws can be done. The intervention can also be achieved by increasing the Contact pressure are accelerated. In doing so, however, the meshing impact on the clutch teeth elevated.

There are manually operated claw clutches with upstream, for Synchronizing serving multi-plate clutch known. Both coupling parts will be operated by the same operating lever that initially controls the friction plates presses against each other and then engages the clutch claws by means of the disk pack. For electromagnetic actuation, this type has a claw clutch Presynchronization not suitable.

It is also an electromagnetic friction clutch with electromagnetic actuated drive pin known. When the power is switched on, the two Coupling halves first pressed together by an electromagnet. One of the Coupling halves has several contact strips distributed around the circumference, which are connected with the contact pins on the other half of the coupling, the engagement of a on this coupling half in the direction of the coupling axis movable driving pin effect in recesses in the other coupling half, immediately after manufacture the frictional engagement when the drive pin is one of the recesses in the other Coupling half faces. The positive coupling via the driving pin takes place immediately after switching on the current, so that no noteworthy Presynchronization is possible.

According to the invention are in a known electromagnetic dog clutch with an upstream, electromagnetically operated one for synchronization Friction clutch and with a common switching element for actuating the claws; clutch and the friction clutch, the individual switching processes, in particular switching on the dog clutch, od by the arrangement of relays. The like. Delayed. This will achieved that between the start of presynchronization and switching on the Claw coupling is long enough and depending on the operating conditions and coupling masses appropriately adjustable time elapses so that coupling jolts are avoided.

In a particularly space-saving embodiment of the coupling are two coils available. between which an anchor is arranged. The anchor can alternately operate the friction clutch and the dog clutch.

Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing: Fig. 1 shows, partly in longitudinal section, a coupling with two coils in one joint Magnetic body; Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram for electromagnetic actuation of a Coupling according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment with a common Magnetic body; Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with a common magnetic body, wherein the axial pressure of the coupling parts is absorbed by the drive shaft.

Fig.5 shows an embodiment with a fixed magnetic body, Fig. 6 shows a coupling with an armature disk between two separate 1-magnet bodies and Fig. 7 a similar example with bell-shaped., n lamellar carriers and related further circuit example (Section S).

In Fig. 1, 1 is the input shaft of an electromagnetic dog clutch. A drive gear 2 and a drive bush 3 are keyed on the shaft 1. On the drive socket 3 is a magnetic body 4 wedged which two solenoids 5 and 6 carries. The magnet body 4 is of a clutch bell 7 surrounded, which is wedged on the drive bushing 3 so as to be longitudinally displaceable and wears a claw ring 8. The clutch bell 7 is connected to an armature 9, which is attracted when the clutch coil 5 is magnetized and thereby the clutch bell 7 moved to the right. The claw teeth come into engagement with a claw rim 10, which is present on the stripping part 11. The output part 11 is on the output bushing 12 wedged together with the output gear 13 immovable. The output bushing 12 is on the drive sleeve 3 by means of roller bearings 14 and by means of ball bearings 22 rotatably mounted in the housing 24.

The claw clutch 8, 10 is preceded by a multi-disc clutch, which consists of the outer disks 15, the inner disks 16 and the armature 17. The inner disks 16 are keyed onto the output bushing 12. The clutch bell 7 has cutouts 18 into which strips 19 protrude. These are by means of a wedge 36 and screws 37 attached to the magnet body 4. The strips 19 have protruding Driver 20 on which the outer disks 15 are held. The anchor 17 is located on the disk pack 15, 16 and can rotate freely on the output part 11.

The drive shaft 1 is in the fixed housing wall by means of ball bearings 21 23 rotatably mounted. The bearings 21 and 22 are opposed by snap rings 25 and 26 lateral movement secured. The drive bush 3 carries an insulating ring 34, on which slip rings 27, 28, 29 are placed isolated from one another. One each the slip rings 27 and 29 are conductive with the coils 5 and 6 via connector pins 30 tied together. The third slip ring 28 is connected to the coupling mass.

The mode of operation of the clutch can be seen from the circuit diagram in Fig. 2. The two input terminals of switch 31 are connected to the + terminal of the power source tied together. The two output terminals of the switch are above the slip rings 27 and 29 with the solenoids 6 and 5 in connection. In the feed bar between A limit switch 32 is located 6 and 27. Between an output terminal of the switch 31 and the slip ring 29, a relay 33 is used, which the connection of the Slip ring 29 with the switch 31 closes delayed. The two output terminals the magnetic coils 5 and 6 are grounded via the slip ring 28.

When the clutch 8, 10 is open, the end contact 32 is initially closed. To engage the clutch, switch 31 is closed, relay contact 35 is still open. The solenoid 6 receives power first, and the armature 17 is attracted. As a result, the disk pack 15, 16 is pressed together, and the output part 10, 11, 12 of the coupling with the output gear 13 is accelerated to the speed of the drive part. In the meantime, the relay 33 has closed its contact 35, and it also receives the Solenoid 5 current. This attracts the armature 9 and the coupling claws 8 and 10 engage with each other. At the same time, the armature 9 has the end contact 32 is opened and the multi-plate clutch 8, 10 is de-energized. The clutch torque is now transmitted from the drive wheel 2 to the driven wheel 13 solely by the claws 8, 10. The attraction of the magnet 4, 5, 9 causes the clutch to be closed remain.

Another embodiment of the coupling is possible in which the multi-plate clutch remains closed during operation and part of the useful torque transmits. The limit switch 32 is then omitted.

Fig. 3 shows a similar embodiment of a coupling as Fig. 1, but with the difference that the outer plates 45 of the multi-plate clutch are attached to a non-displaceable part 46 of the drive part of the coupling. The claw part 47 is wedged on the part 46 so as to be longitudinally displaceable Coupling ring 48 worn. Pins 49 are screwed into these, which are spring-loaded housed in the magnet body 50 and with the longitudinally displaceable on the body 50 mounted armature 44 are connected. The rest of the construction of the coupling is the same the coupling according to Fig. 1. The coupling can be operated in the same way with the aid of a electrical control according to Fig. 2 can be operated.

When the coil 51 is magnetized, the armature 52 is attracted and pressed the disk pack 45, 53 against the magnet body 50. As a result, the output part 54 with the output pinion 55 and the coupling ring 56 with the coupling ring 48 brought the same speed. Thereafter, the coil 57 is magnetized and the armature 51 tightened. As a result, the claw rings 47 and 58 come into engagement with each other. When the coupling current is switched off, the armature 44 is together with the coupling ring 48 pressed by the springs 59 into its left end position.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a coupling with a common magnet body 200 with two magnet coils 201 and 202. The drive part the coupling consists of the shaft 203, the sleeve 204 wedged on it with the Magnetic body 200, and on this the coupling ring 205 is wedged in a longitudinally displaceable manner, which is actuated by the armature disk 206 via the resilient bolts 207. On the Sleeve 204 is a further wedge sleeve 208 rotatably mounted, which inner lamellae 209 carries. The sleeve 208 is axially held in place by the spacer washer 210 The output part of the coupling consists of the output bushing 211 with a keyed gear 212 and the clutch bell 213, which is keyed onto the claw ring 214. Of the The claw ring 214 is screwed to the disk 215 rotatably mounted on the bushing 208 and carries the outer plates 216.

The coils 202 and 201 are magnetized one after the other, as before in the embodiments according to Fig. 1 and 3 is described. The ones in the engaged Axial coupling force acting on the coupling rings 205 and 214 is achieved through the discs 210, 217 and 220 transferred to the shaft 203 and does not act on the Rolling bearings 218 and 219: Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the coupling with a fixed, slip ringless magnetic body 60, which with a sliding surface 61 is rotatably mounted on the output sleeve62. The coupling body is also supported on the fixed housing 70, which rotates with a stop (not shown) of the magnet body 60 prevents: Between the magnet body 61 and the coupling ring 63 there is a narrow air gap 64.

To actuate the clutch, a switching arrangement according to FIG Fig. 2 used. When the clutch is switched on, the coil 65 is first magnetized. The anchor 66 is tightened, and it is by compressing the Larnellenpackets 97 brought the coupling ring 63 to the same speed as the magnet body 68. Thereafter the coil 69 is magnetized, which is in a second separate magnetic body 70 is let in. Between the ring 63 and the socket 62 is a non-magnetic ring 71 is present, through which the magnetic flux from the magnetic body 60 is forced into the armature 72 in two concentric rings. The Magnetic flux from the magnet body 60 through the air gaps 61 and 64 into the driven part 62, 63 over. A spacer ring 76 maintains an air gap between the magnet body 60 and the parts 62, 63 upright. The ring 71 and the anchor 72 each carry one Claw wreath. When the coil 69 is magnetized, the armature 72 is attracted to the right. The coupling claws 73, 74 engage with one another. Thereby the spring 75 compressed. When the coil 69 is demagnetized, the armature 72 is broken the spring 75 is pressed back into the left end position shown.

There are two slip rings 77 and 78, one of which is connected to the solenoid 65 and the other to the coupling ground.

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a coupling with two separate magnetic bodies 80 and 81 with facing coils 82 and 83, between which an armature 84 alternately attracted by the two magnet coils is longitudinally displaceable and is rotatably mounted on the drive sleeve 95. A non-magnetic ring 85 prevents the crossing of the lines of force from the magnet body 81 to the coupling ring 86. The second Coupling ring 87 is attached to magnet body 81.

The output part of the coupling consists of the output sleeve 88 with the output pinion 89 and the coupling ring 90, which is keyed onto the bushing 88 is. The coupling rings 86 and 90 are against each other by a spline 91 Wedged longitudinally displaceable. This has the advantage that the output parts 88 up to 90 of the coupling can move freely with respect to the other coupling parts. the the two magnetic bodies 80 and 81 are axially fastened by the rings 92, 93 and 94. The armature 84 is longitudinally displaceable on the drive sleeve 95 and the bearing 96 the coupling ring 86. The coupling ring 86 carries outer friction disks 97 and the drive sleeve 95 internal friction lamellae 98. When the coil 83 is magnetized, the lamellae 97, 98 compressed by the armature 84. After the synchronism has occurred, the coil becomes 82 magnetized and the coil 83 demagnetized by a not shown Limit switch of the type of switch 32 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Now the dog clutch 86, 87 closed by the same armature 84.

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the coupling with a movable one Armature 100 between two with their magnetic coils 101 and 102 facing each other, separate magnetic bodies 103 and 104. The magnetic body 100 carries a claw ring 105, which is connected to a further claw ring 108 fastened on the magnet body 104 intervenes. The armature 100 is keyed to a drive shaft 106 Drive sleeve 107 wedged and longitudinally displaceable on this. The solenoids 101 and 102 are expediently switched on one after the other, with the armature first 100 is attracted by the coil 101 and the disk pack 109 compresses. Through this the Abtrilebteile of the clutch 104, 108 with the output gear 110 on the same Speed with the shaft 106 brought. Then a delay relay (not shown) opens the circuit of the solenoid 101, and the armature is switched on by the delayed Coil 102 and magnet body 104 pulled to the right. This causes the teeth to kick of the dog rims 105 and 108 engaged with each other, and the spring 111 is by means of the disk 112 and the bolt 113 compressed. When switching off the clutch If the coil 102 is de-energized, the armature 100 drops out and is replaced by the disk 112 and the spring 111 is pressed into its left end position, which is supported by the collar 114 of the Drive sleeve 107 is set.

Fig. 8 shows a circuit diagram for another way of actuating a Coupling according to Fig. 7.

The flow through the magnetic coil 101 can be dimensioned so that at simultaneous switching on of both coils 101 and 102, the armature 100 initially through the coil 101 is attracted and the disk pack 109 is compressed. In the circuit the coil 101 is a delay relay 115 (Dept. 8), which the circuit of the coil 101 switches off after a certain time after the equalization of the Speeds on the drive and output part has taken place. After switching off The coil 101, the armature 100 is attracted by the coil 102, and the claw rings 105 and 108 engage with each other.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Electromagnetically operated dog clutch, in particular gear shift clutch for motor vehicles, with an upstream electromagnetically operated friction clutch for the purpose of speed adjustment and with a common switching element for operating the dog clutch and the friction clutch, characterized in that relays (35, 115) or the like are available which parts of the switching process can be delayed as required. 2. Claw coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that that the flow through a coil (102) for the claw clutch is dimensioned so that this coil exerts a stronger magnetic force on an armature (100) than a coil (101) for the friction clutch and that a delayed in the control circuit of this coil (101) Acting switch-off relay (115) is present in such a way that when the control circuit is closed for both coils (102, 101) first the friction clutch (109) engages and after one certain delay time the coil (101) for the friction clutch is de-energized, so that the coil (102) for the claw clutch attracts the armature (100) and thereby the Claw clutch (105, 108) actuated (Section 8). 3. Claw clutch according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a common armature (84) arranged between two coils (82, 83) is present which actuates the friction clutch (97, 98) and the claw clutch (86, 87) (Dept. . 6). Documents considered: German Patent No. 480 928; French patent specification No. 861787.