DE10032595A1

DE10032595A1 - Reinforcement for building surfaces

Info

Publication number: DE10032595A1
Application number: DE10032595A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Josef Scherer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-07-07
Filing date: 2000-07-07
Publication date: 2002-01-17
Also published as: EP1409808A2; WO2002004759A2; WO2002004759A3; AU2001289613A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforcement of surfaces of constructions or parts thereof, characterised in that at least one base layer (TS) is provided, comprising fibres arranged in an adjacent region to the construction, at least essentially unidirectionally and at an acute angle, in particular, at least approximately parallel to the direction of tensile stress, which are optionally fixed by means of binder material in a corresponding shear composite. Furthermore, at least one binder layer (BS), formed, in particular, from the binder material of the support layer, which forms a force transfer, in particular shear stress transfer, between the support layer and the construction surface is provided. The aim of the invention is to produce a reinforcement as above, characterised by an increased long-term durability and reliability. Said aim is achieved whereby at least one retaining member (HG1, HG2) is provided, which, in at least one load direction is dimensionally stable to tensile stress and is arranged with the stress transfer thereof alongside, or in, a force transfer between the support layer (TS) and the construction surface (BO).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Armierung für Bauwerksoberflächen, die folgende Merkmale aufweist:
The invention relates to a reinforcement for building surfaces, which has the following features:

- At least one base layer is provided, at least essentially unidirectional as well as under a pointed one Angle, in particular at least approximately parallel to Direction of tension in an adjacent area of the structure arranged fibers, which if necessary by means of binder material in a mutual shear bond are held.
- It is at least one - in particular through binder material Base layer formed - binding layer provided that a in particular, shear stress-transmitting power flow forms between the base layer and the building surface.

Solche Armierungen sind bekannt und werden hauptsächlich zur Verstärkung sowie zur Instandsetzung von hochbelasteten Bauwerken eingesetzt, wie z. B. Brücken, Hallen, tragende Decken, Fundamente und dergl. Es handelt sich hier im allgemeinen um Betonbauten mit innerer Stahlarmierung.Such reinforcements are known and are mainly for strengthening and repairing heavy-duty Buildings used such. B. bridges, halls, load-bearing ceilings, Foundations and the like. These are generally Concrete structures with inner steel reinforcement.

Für die Tragschichten der vorliegenden Oberflächen-Armierungen kommen vor allem Laminate aus hochfesten und hochmoduligen (hoher Zug-E-Modul) Kohlenstoff-Fasern in Betracht, aber gegebenenfalls auch Laminate aus entsprechenden Polymer-Fasern in Betracht. Dabei steht für die typischen Anwendungen der Aspekt der langfristigen Sicherheit von Tragfähigkeit und Standfestigkeit im Vordergrund. For the base layers of the existing surface reinforcements laminates come mainly from high-strength and high-modulus (high tensile modulus) carbon fibers into consideration, however optionally also laminates made of corresponding polymer fibers into consideration. The aspect stands for the typical applications the long-term security of load-bearing capacity and stability in the foreground.

Die Laminate werden im allgemeinen auf Bauwerksoberflächen im Zugspannungsbereich aufgeklebt. Dabei kommt es auf die lang fristige Aufrechterhaltung des Schubverbundes und die Sicherheit gegen Ablösen des Laminats von der Bauwerksoberfläche an. In dieser Hinsicht besteht gegenüber dem Bekannten ein Verbesse rungsbedürfnis. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung einer Armierung der eingangs genannten Art, die sich durch erhöhte Langzeit-Haltbarkeit und Sicherheit auszeichnet.The laminates are generally on building surfaces in Tension range glued on. It depends on the long timely maintenance of the push network and security against detachment of the laminate from the building surface. In In this regard, there is an improvement on the known insurance needs-. The object of the invention is therefore to create a reinforcement of the type mentioned, which increased through Long-term durability and safety are the hallmarks.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bestimmt durch die Kombination der genannten Gattungsmerkmale mit folgenden Kennzeichnungsmerkmalen:
Es ist mindestens ein Halteglied vorgesehen, das in wenigstens einer Belastungsrichtung gegenüber Zugspannungen formsteif ausgebildet ist und mit seiner Spannungsübertragung neben oder in einem Kraftfluss zwischen der Tragschicht und der Bauwerksober fläche angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird der entscheidende Kraftfluss insgesamt wesentlich verstärkt und die - jedenfalls ohne eine sehr aufwendige Vorbehandlung der Bauwerksoberfläche - fehleran fällige Klebschicht entlastet.The solution to this problem according to the invention is determined by the combination of the generic features mentioned with the following identification features:
At least one holding member is provided, which is dimensionally rigid in at least one direction of loading with respect to tensile stresses and is arranged with its tension transmission next to or in a force flow between the base layer and the surface of the structure. This significantly strengthens the decisive flow of force overall and relieves the error-prone adhesive layer - at least without a very complex pretreatment of the building surface.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung umfasst zwei Grundvarianten mit folgenden Alternativ-Merkmalen:
The solution according to the invention comprises two basic variants with the following alternative features:

- The holding member includes at least one fiber laminate at least essentially unidirectional and under one acute angle, in particular at least approximately parallel a tension direction arranged fibers, the if necessary by binding material in a mutual Shear bond are kept, the laminate fibers of the Holding member at an acute angle, especially across the fibers of the base layer are arranged and the holding member on the one hand with the base course and on the other hand with at least a surface section of the building material and / or is positively connected (claim 2).
- For a beam-like, especially as a ceiling beam trained part of the building, is marked at least a dimensionally stable, especially made of high strength, preferably existing metallic or synthetic flat material Holding member provided that encompasses a cross-section of a beam trained and on this form and / or cohesive anchored and with at least one along the Beam body extending support layer cohesively is connected (claims 10 and 11).

Es handelt somit einerseits um ein dünnschichtiges Laminat-Halteglied und andererseits um ein formsteifes und vergleichsweise massives Halteglied. Die eine oder andere dieser Varianten, gegebenenfalls auch bei in Kombination, kann unter Berück sichtigung der jeweiligen Anwendungsgegebenheiten optimierend eingesetzt werden.On the one hand, it is therefore a thin-layered laminate holding member and on the other hand, a dimensionally stable and comparatively massive holding link. One or the other of these variants, if necessary also in combination, can be taken into account optimizing the view of the respective application conditions be used.

Weiterbildungen, die als solche nicht notwendig zu den Merkmalen der Hauptvarianten gehören, sind gleichwohl für den Gesamt gegenstand erfindungswesentlich, insbesondere auch in vorteil haften Kombinationen untereinander und mit den Hauptvarianten, und sind gegenstand der nachgeordneten Ansprüche.Further training that as such is not necessary for the characteristics the main variants are, nevertheless, for the whole object essential to the invention, in particular also advantageously stick combinations with each other and with the main variants, and are the subject of the subordinate claims.

Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nun anhand der in den Zeichnungen schematisch wiedergegebenen Beispiele erläutert.Features and advantages of the invention are now based on the in the drawings schematically illustrated examples.

Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt einen Beton-Deckenbalken B mit üblichen Innen-Stahlarmierungen A. Im Bereich maximaler Zugspannungen an der Unterseite des Balkens ist eine aus zwei streifenförmigen Längs-Lamellen LL bestehende Tragschicht TS vorgesehen, die wenigstens im wesentlichen unidirektional sowie unter einem spitzen Winkel, insbesondere wenigstens annähernd parallel, zur Richtung von Zugspannungen in einem benachbarten Bereich des Bauwerks angeordnete Fasern aufweist. Diese Fasern sind in üblicher Weise durch Bindermaterial in einem gegensei tigen Schubverbund gehalten. Es ist eine - insbesondere durch Bindermaterial der Tragschicht gebildete - Bindeschicht BS vorgesehen, die einen insbesondere schubspannungsübertragenden Krafifluss zwischen der Tragschicht mit der Bauwerksoberfläche BO bildet. Sodann ist mindestens ein Halteglied HG1 vorgesehen, das in wenigstens einer Belastungsrichtung gegenüber Zugspan nungen formsteif ausgebildet ist und mit seiner Spannungs übertragung neben oder in einem Kraftfluss zwischen der Tragschicht TS und der Bauwerksoberfläche BO angeordnet ist. Das Halteglied HG1 umfasst mindestens ein Faser-Laminat mit wenigstens im wesentlichen unidirektional sowie unter einem spitzen Winkel, insbesondere wenigstens annähernd parallel, zu einer Zugspannungsrichtung angeordneten Fasern, die ebenfalls durch Bindermaterial in einem gegenseitigen Schubverbund gehalten sind. Speziell sind hier die Laminat-Fasern des Halte gliedes HG1 sind unter einem spitzen Winkel, insbesondere quer, zu den Fasern der Tragschicht TS angeordnet. Dieses Laminat als Bestandteil des Haltegliedes wird im folgenden als Quer-Laminat LQ bezeichnet. Fig. 1 shows in cross section a concrete ceiling beam B with conventional inner steel reinforcements A. In the area of maximum tensile stresses on the underside of the beam, a base layer TS consisting of two strip-shaped longitudinal slats LL is provided, which is at least essentially unidirectional and under one point Angle, in particular at least approximately parallel, has fibers arranged in an adjacent region of the structure to the direction of tensile stresses. These fibers are held in the usual way by binder material in a push-pull composite. A binding layer BS, which is formed in particular by binder material of the base layer, is provided, which forms a force flow, in particular transmitting shear stress, between the base layer and the building surface BO. Then at least one holding member HG1 is provided, which is dimensionally rigid in at least one load direction with respect to tensile stresses and is arranged with its tension transmission next to or in a force flow between the base layer TS and the building surface BO. The holding member HG1 comprises at least one fiber laminate with at least substantially unidirectional and at an acute angle, in particular at least approximately parallel, fibers arranged in a direction of tension, which are also held in a mutual shear bond by binder material. Specifically, the laminate fibers of the holding member HG1 are arranged at an acute angle, in particular transversely, to the fibers of the base layer TS. This laminate as part of the holding member is referred to below as cross-laminate LQ.

Im Sinne der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung ist das Halteglied HG1 bzw. sein Quer-Laminat LQ einerseits mit der Tragschicht TS und andererseits mit wenigstens einem Oberflächenabschnitt des Bauwerks stoffschlüssig verbunden, nämlich durch Klebung. Grundsätzlich kommt unter geeigneten Bedingungen auch zusätzlich oder sogar allein eine Formschluss verbindung in Betracht.In the sense of the task solution according to the invention that is Holding member HG1 or its cross laminate LQ on the one hand with the Base layer TS and on the other hand with at least one Surface section of the structure is firmly bonded, namely by gluing. Basically comes under suitable Conditions also an additional or even a positive fit connection into consideration.

Im Beispiel umfasst das Halteglied HG1 mit seinen Quer-Laminaten LQ den Balken B bügelartig von unten, wobei sich große Klebeflächen an den Flanken des Balkens ergeben. Die entsprechenden Binde- bzw. Klebeschichten sind in üblicher Weise hergestellt und nicht näher dargestellt. Insgesamt ergibt sich so eine wesentlich verbesserte Sicherung der Tragschicht mit ihren Längs-Laminaten gegen Ablösung vom Beton.In the example, the holding member includes HG1 with its cross laminates LQ the bar B bow-shaped from below, with result in large adhesive surfaces on the flanks of the beam. The Corresponding binding or adhesive layers are more common Made in this way and not shown. Overall, it results such a significantly improved securing of the base course with their Longitudinal laminates against detachment from the concrete.

Darüberhinaus ist in Fig. 1 strichliert eine Variante angedeutet, die eine noch weiter intensivierte Sicherung ermöglicht. Hierzu sind die Quer-Laminate LQ an beiden Bügelschenkeln über die Balkenflanken hinaus durch Schlitze SL im angrenzenden Deckenbereich D an die Deckenoberseite geführt und dort - vorteilhaft mit gegenseitiger Überlappung - durch Verklebung stoffschlüssig verankert.In addition, a variant is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, which enables an even more intensified securing. For this purpose, the cross laminates LQ are guided on both bracket legs beyond the beam flanks through slots SL in the adjacent ceiling area D to the top of the ceiling and there - advantageously with mutual overlap - firmly anchored by gluing.

Fig. 2 zeigt in perspektivischer Unteransicht eine ähnliche Konstruktion an einem Deckenbalken B, jedoch mit einem Halteglied HG1, das mehrere in Balkenlängsrichtung verteilt angeordnete, wiederum bügelartige Quer-Laminate LQ umfasst. Letztere sind hier jedoch durch parallel zur Deckenfläche im deckennahen Bereich des Balkens eingefräste Schlitze SL geführt und dort wiederum vorteilhaft mit gegenseitiger Überlappung durch Klebung stoffschlüssig verankert. Im übrigen werden die Schlitze zweckmässig durch Einpressen von hochfest aushärtenden Polymermassen ausgefüllt. Fig. 2 shows a perspective bottom view of a similar construction to a ceiling beam B, but with a support member HG1, the more distributed beams longitudinally arranged, in turn, bracket-like cross-laminates comprising LQ. However, the latter are here guided through slots SL milled parallel to the ceiling area in the area of the beam near the ceiling and in turn are advantageously anchored there with adhesive overlap by mutual overlap. In addition, the slots are expediently filled in by pressing in high-strength curing polymer compositions.

Als weiteres Beispiel für Laminat-Halteglieder ist in Fig. 3 eine Oberflächenarmierung in Form einer raster- oder schachbrett artigen, insgesamt flächenhaften und sich längs einer Bauwerks oberfläche BO erstreckenden Anordnung von miteinander stoff- und/oder formschlüssig verbundenen Längs- und Quer-Laminaten LL und LQ angedeutet. As a further example of laminate holding members in Fig. 3 is a surface reinforcement in the form of a grid or checkerboard-like, overall flat and along a building surface BO extending arrangement of longitudinally and transversely laminates LL that are materially and / or positively connected and LQ indicated.

Fig. 4 zeigt in einem Vertikal-Längsschnitt das Beispiel eines massiven, insbesondere plattenförmigen Haltegliedes HG2, das einerseits mit einer Tragschicht TS stoffschlüssig verbunden und andererseits in mindestens einem angrenzenden Bereich des Bauwerks formschlüssig verankert ist. Damit lässt sich die schubfeste Verklebung im wesentlichen in eine saubere und genau ebene Fuge zwischen dem plattenförmigen Halteglied und dem Laminat der Tragschicht verlagern, was einen wesentlich erhöhte Sicherungseffekt ergibt. Die weitere Kraftübertragung in den Bauwerkskörper erfolgt durch einfache, jedoch äusserst stabile Formschlussverbindungen, nämlich z. B. Dübel-Verschraubungen DS, die an sich übliche Elemente darstellen und hier nur schematisch strichpunktiert angedeutet sind. Fig. 4 shows in a vertical longitudinal section the example of a solid, in particular plate-shaped holding member HG2, which on the one hand is integrally connected to a support layer TS and, on the other hand, is positively anchored in at least one adjacent area of the building. The shear-resistant bond can thus be shifted essentially into a clean and precisely flat joint between the plate-shaped holding member and the laminate of the base layer, which results in a significantly increased securing effect. The further transmission of force into the structure is carried out by simple, but extremely stable form-fitting connections, namely z. B. dowel screw connections DS, which are conventional elements and are only schematically indicated by dash-dotted lines.

Entsprechendes gilt auch für die Variante nach Fig. 5 mit zwei streifenförmigen Längs-Laminaten LL einer Tragschicht TS und einem diese überdeckenden, plattenförmigen Halteglied HG2, wiederum durch Dübel-Verschraubungen DS mit dem Bauwerks körper verbunden, jedoch mit einem zusätzlichen Laminat-Halteglied HG1, dessen Quer-Laminate LQ das Halteglied HG2 übergreifen und daneben ihrerseits mit der Bauwerksoberfläche verklebt sind.The same also applies to the variant according to FIG. 5 with two strip-shaped longitudinal laminates LL of a base layer TS and a plate-shaped holding member HG2 covering them, again connected by dowel screw connections DS to the building structure, but with an additional laminate holding member HG1, whose cross laminates LQ overlap the holding member HG2 and are in turn glued to the surface of the building.

Fig. 6 zeigt wiederum im Querschnitt einen Deckenbalken B mit einem formsteifen, insbesondere aus hochfestem, vorzugsweise metallischem oder synthetischem Flachmaterial bestehenden und bügelförmig ausgebildeten Halteglied HG3, das den Balkenquer schnitt umgreift und an diesem durch Dübel-Verschraubungen DS formschlüssig verankert sowie mit mindestens einer sich längs des Balkenkörpers erstreckenden Längs-Laminaten LL stoffschlüssig verbunden ist. Die Bügelschenkel S des Haltegliedes erstrecken sich längs der Balkenhöhe und bieten umfangreichen Raum für Verdübelungen ohne Kollision mit Innenarmierungen A. Fig. 6 again shows in cross section a ceiling beam B with a dimensionally stable, in particular made of high-strength, preferably metallic or synthetic flat material and bow-shaped holding member HG3, which encompasses the cross section of the beam and anchored to it by means of dowel screw connections DS and with at least one itself along the longitudinal beam extending longitudinal laminates LL is integrally connected. The stirrup legs S of the holding member extend along the beam height and offer extensive space for dowels without colliding with interior reinforcements A.

Ausserdem ist in Fig. 6 strichliert eine Variante angedeutet, demzufolge die Endabschnitte (entsprechender Länge) der Bügelschenkel S durch in die Deck eingefräste (hier nicht näher dargestellte) Schlitze eine zusätzliche Verankerungsmöglichkeit bieten. Ferner können diese Schlitze sogar zur obenliegenden Fläche der Decke geführt und die entsprechend verlängerten Bügelenden dort miteinander formschlüssig verbunden werden.In addition, a variant is indicated in broken lines in FIG. 6, according to which the end sections (corresponding length) of the stirrup legs S offer additional anchoring options through slots milled into the deck (not shown here). Furthermore, these slots can even lead to the top surface of the ceiling and the correspondingly extended temple ends can be connected to one another there in a form-fitting manner.

Die Ausführung nach Fig. 7 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen nach Fig. 6 im wesentlichen durch abgewinkelte Endabschnitte der Bügelenden des Haltegliedes HG3. Diese Endabschnitte bieten eine einfach, jedoch sehr wirksame Möglichkeit zur Verankerung des Haltegliedes mittels in die Decke eingreifenden Dübelverschraubungen.The embodiment according to FIG. 7 differs from that according to FIG. 6 essentially by angled end sections of the bow ends of the holding member HG3. These end sections offer a simple but very effective way of anchoring the holding member by means of dowel screwings engaging in the ceiling.

Claims

1. Reinforcement for surfaces of structures or parts thereof, with the following features:

a) at least one base layer (TS) is provided which has fibers arranged at least substantially unidirectionally and at an acute angle, in particular at least approximately parallel to the direction of tensile stresses in an adjacent area of the structure, which fibers may be bonded together by binder material are held;
b) there is at least one binding layer (BS), in particular formed by binder material of the base layer, which forms an in particular shear stress-transmitting force flow between the base layer with the building surface (BO);

characterized by the following features:

a) there is at least one holding member (HG1, HG2) is provided which is dimensionally rigid in at least one loading direction against tensile stresses and is arranged with its tension transmission next to or in a force flow between the base layer (TS) and the upper surface of the structure (BO).

2. Reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized by the following features:

a) the holding member (HG1) comprises at least one fiber laminate with at least substantially unidirectional and at an acute angle, in particular at least approximately parallel to fibers arranged in a tension direction, which are optionally held in a mutual shear bond by binder material;
b) the laminate fibers of the holding member (HG1) are arranged at an acute angle, in particular transversely, to the fibers of the base layer (TS);
c) the holding member (HG 1) is connected on the one hand to the base layer (TS) and on the other hand to at least one surface section of the structure in a material and / or form-fitting manner.

3. Reinforcement according to claim 2, characterized by a strip-shaped formation of at least one longitudinal laminate (LL) of the base layer (TS) and / or at least one cross laminate (LQ) of the holding member (HG1).

4. Reinforcement according to claim 3, characterized by a grid or checkerboard, overall areal and lengthways a structure surface extending arrangement of connected to each other in a material and / or form-fitting manner Longitudinal and transverse laminates.

5. Reinforcement according to claim 3 or 4, for a beam-like, in particular a structural part designed as a ceiling beam, characterized in that on a bar underside at least one orien corresponding to a main train direction tiert longitudinal laminate (LL) of a base course and at least a cross-laminate (LQ) of a holding member crossing this are provided, and that at least a portion of the Cross laminates with a lower edge of the beam above at least a part of the bar height along each Bar side surface extends.

6. Reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that at least one end or Edge section of the base layer and / or the holding member in a recess or opening in a structure or Building part extends and in material, shape or is non-positively attached.

7. Reinforcement according to claims 5 and 6, characterized records that there is at least a portion of the cross laminate on a bar side surface in a particularly slit-shaped Recess or opening in the bar sides surface or within an adjacent surface of the Building stretches.

8. Reinforcement according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one end section of a cross laminate over one Breakthrough inside a beam body or inside one to this adjacent ceiling section up to one opposite beam or ceiling surface extends and is attached there with a material, form or force fit.

9. Reinforcement according to claim 8, characterized by a loop-like course with at least one cross laminate at least two coming together and in particular the laminate end sections connected there.

10. Reinforcement according to claim 1, optionally in conjunction with one of claims 2 to 9, characterized by at least a rigid, in particular plate-shaped holding member (HG2), the one hand connected to the base layer (TS) and on the other hand in at least one adjacent area of the Structure is anchored in a form-fitting manner.

11. Reinforcement according to claim 1, optionally in connection with one of claims 2 to 10, for a beam-like, in particular a structural part designed as a ceiling beam, characterized by at least one dimensionally stable, in particular made of high-strength, preferably metallic or synthetic Flat material existing retaining link (HG3), which has a beam cross-section formed comprehensively and on this form and / or firmly anchored and with at least one base layer (TS) extending along the beam body is cohesively connected.

12. Reinforcement according to claim 11, characterized by at least tens a bracket-like holding member (HG3), of which Legs (S) are at least one along the relevant Beam side surface in the area of the adjacent Ceiling surface extends and there form and / or material is anchored.

13. Reinforcement according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one leg end of the holding member (HG3) into one in particular, a recess in the adjoining shape Ceiling area is guided and firmly anchored in it.

14. Reinforcement according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one leg end of the holding member (HG3) through an especially shaped opening in the adjacent ceiling area and led to the ceilings is positively anchored on the top.