DE10029463A1 - Position and/or movement detection device uses evaluation of signals provided by several transmitters detecting electromagnetic or sonar waves provided by transmitter attached to object - Google Patents

Abstract

An evaluation unit for evaluating static states and / or movement sequences, in particular game sequences, comprises a sensor system with at least one object (O) and / or at least one life being (S1, S2) associated transmission means for electromagnetic waves or sonar waves, which signals transmits at least one receiver (E1 ... E4) for detecting at least the position of the object. The evaluation unit statistically evaluates the data determined in this way.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to an evaluation unit and a method for evaluating static states and / or movement sequences, in particular game sequences, according to the preamble of claims 1 or 14.

State of the art

So far, video surveillance or image transmissions have been carried out from static states the and / or movement processes, be it in the logistics area or also in the over wearing games such as B. playing football or athletics events in the Form instead that several cameras record the game and the so ge won pictures in the form of known image and sound transmissions to corresponding Televisions are transmitted. Furthermore, transfers can also be made via data Networks are made on computers and computer screens. It is z. B. in digital Television known different game situations by different cameras are available to the user at the push of a button, if necessary put. A statistical evaluation is carried out - if at all - using the easy visually recognizable information, such as B. in a football game the number of Goals, the scoring chances or the corners.

Summary of the invention

Starting from this prior art, the present invention is based on based on an evaluation unit or a method for evaluating stati conditions and / or movements to create the further informat open up opportunities.  

This task is accomplished by an evaluation unit and a method with the characteristics of claims 1 or 14 solved.

In order to enable the evaluation, a sensor system is provided that ver assign different objects and / or different living beings transmission means net, which enables a position detection of the objects and / or living beings. Since the ge transmitted data to determine the location at regular intervals status and movement data can be obtained from it, which then as data and information about the various objects and / or living beings can be transferred. This data and information is from an out value unit A statistically evaluated and a means of representation directly or made available via a data network, which then derives the static states and / or motion sequences prepared in the media.

In an embodiment according to claim 5, additional data, be it an engine data or status data of a racing car or medical data of the living being sens can also be recorded and evaluated, e.g. B. the state of the object or beings to evaluate and z. B. To prevent failures.

In an embodiment according to claims 8 or 12, the statistical off scoring especially for game play, so that the determined information arbitration judges, trainers or the viewer as additional help and / or information funds are made available.

The position can also be recorded passively according to claims 10 to 12, by cameras recording the state or sequence of movements and the determined Image is scanned for changes. Becomes a life at the beginning of the recording entity and / or object once identified, the computer can in the following Track your movement. But you can also see the objects and / or living things label with means that z. B. distinguishable for thermal cameras ma chen. In addition, depending on the state, the heat radiated by living beings is also an indication of their overall condition.  

Further advantages result from the subclaims.

Brief description of the figures

In the following the invention with reference to the attached figures in one embodiment Example explained in more detail.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the evaluation unit with an associated sensor system,

Fig. 2, 3 alternative transmission options for the data to the recipients.

Description of preferred embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a device for evaluating static states and / or movement sequences, wherein under static states and / or movement sequences different types of static states and / or movement sequences can be understood ver. Such movements can, for. B. the detection of containers in a container station or of wagons in a freight yard as well as the detection of players and play equipment in any game, regardless of whether it is a single or team sport. So z. B. in football, football or rugby, in tennis or golf the balls and their movement are recorded and evaluated, but also when hitting the ball, discus or spear throwing the appropriate sports equipment. The respective person can also be recorded, e.g. B. the shot putter or a long jumper or high jumper to record the movement. Use is also conceivable in races of all kinds, be it horse races, dog races or a marathon or a Formula I race. Depending on the application, only appropriate transmission means in the form of transmitter 10 , 11 and receiver E1. , .E4, 12 according to the objects O (container, play equipment, racing car, etc.) or the living creatures S1, S2 (horse, dog, human, etc.) can be assigned in order to record their position and also movement.

For the sake of simplicity, only movement sequences are spoken of in the following However, a transfer to static states is also possible.

A sensor system is provided for detecting the position and / or movement at least one object O transmission means for electromagnetic waves or in the underwater area - are assigned for sonar waves. The same is true of the living being S1, S2 another means of transmission for electromagnetic waves or Associated with sonar waves. The signals of these transmission means transmits the over carrying means to at least one receiver E1. . .E4 for the detection of at least the Location of objects and / or living things.

The position detection is similar to the GPS system, but limited to a spatially limited area that is ultimately determined depending on the transmission and reception performance of the transmitter and receiver. Preferably, the at least one object and / or the least one living being S1, S2 is assigned a transmitter 10 which, according to FIGS. 1, 2, signals to a plurality of at least temporarily stationary receivers E1. , .E4 sends. According to FIG. 3, however, a receiver 12 can be assigned to the object O and / or the living being S1, S2, which receives the signals from a plurality of transmitters 17 arranged in and around the spatially limited area, at least during the data acquisition, and by means of the received transmission data sends its own transmitter 12 to another receiver 13 for position detection. With the help of a sufficiently large number of receivers E1, E2, E3, E4 or transmitters 17, the distance of the transmitters from each receiver is cyclically recorded in a limited space. Advantageously, at least three receivers E1. , .E4 or transmitter 17 may be present in order to be able to calculate the position of object O or living being S1, S2 on the surface on the basis of the determined distance data. The solution is preferably used on the basis of the data to be determined, in which the data of the transmitter on the object O and / or on the living being S1, S2, the data on the receiver E1. , Send .E4. The recorded distances are reported to a computer R1. This evaluates the signals with an evaluation unit A for determining the position and / or movement data of the object O and / or living beings S1, S2 on the basis of the signals transmitted by the sensor system and calculates the absolute positions in space. Since the positions are determined cyclically, the computer can determine not only the positions of the transmitters, but also their direction of movement, speed and acceleration. The transmission means assigned to the object O or the living being S1, S2, preferably thus the transmitter 10 , initially transmits a characteristic data record so that different transmitters can be distinguished from one another, as well as a signal sent by the receivers E1. , .E4 is received. Based on the received data, the computer R1 can then calculate the position of the transmitter 10 . But it can also transmit other data. So it is z. B. possible to measure and transmit the air pressure and swirl in a ball with which the ball z. B. is recorded. In the case of living beings S1, S2, medical data, for example, B. transmitted by the additional transmitter 18 .

In the following, an example with a transmitter 10 is explained as an exemplary embodiment, since in the case of a receiver in the gaming device according to FIG. 3, the principle is only reversed and the data received in the gaming device must then be transmitted to the outside again, what is there about the transmitter 11 takes place.

The position detection of an object O, such as. B. a ball, or a Rennwa gene, is similar to the GPS system, the signals of the object O and / or the living being S1, S2 assigned transmitter 10 from several receivers E1. , .E4 can be evaluated. Can be determined z. B. the phase position, the time or the field strength of the received signals. The corresponding alternatives are known to the person skilled in the art. So z. B. the time of the incoming signals relative to egg ner all known time receivers a good way to calculate the distance. The further explanation takes place here using the example of a detection of the phase position of the received signals.

So that the phase position of the received signals can be determined and compared, the phase detectors of the receivers E1. , .E4 are synchronized with one another via a ring line SL according to FIG. 1. It does not have to be a hardware line; it is only necessary to appropriately synchronize the receivers. The accuracy of the position measurement can be increased by increasing the number of receivers E1. , .E4 can be improved. For example, the receivers should preferably be arranged at relevant points, although it is not necessary for them, as in FIG. 1, for example, to be arranged outside around the playing field F shown there, which represents the spatially delimited area there. It is also possible to arrange the receiver centrally within a spatially limited area, the limits of accuracy being known to the person skilled in the art here. This is because the closer the receivers are to each other, the more difficult it is to detect objects O and / or living beings S1, S2, in particular if the distance of the object or living being from the receivers increases.

In the case of the playing field F in FIG . B. In a football game, arrange receivers especially near the goal. In order to be able to measure the position of the object with sufficient accuracy in three-dimensional space, at least four receivers should preferably be used. In the example of FIG. 1, a receiver E1, E2 is arranged on the floor behind the gate and one receiver E3, E4 on each side of the center line on the floor. The arrangement on the floor is not absolutely necessary.

The transmitter 10 assigned to objects O and / or living beings, here two players S1, S2, sends a start signal at a certain point in time, for example by B. the Trä gerwelle a peak is modulated. The distance is measured by counting the zero crossings in the same direction of the carrier wave and adding the phase shift. With a carrier frequency of 300 MHz, the wavelength is 1 m. If the phase shift in the range from 0 to 360 ° is measured with an accuracy of ± 2%, the result is a position resolution of approximately ± 2 cm. The accuracy can be increased by increasing the carrier frequency. A distance of e.g. B. 40 m corresponds to a total phase shift of 14400 °. Since the positions of the receivers E1. , .E4 are known, the position of the transmitter can be calculated from the phase shift differences using a relatively simple system of equations with four independent equations. The result provides two solutions, the solution in which the transmitter 12 is located below the surface of the earth can be neglected. Since the system of equations is overdetermined, the additional information can be used to improve the resolution. This is also the reason why the resolution can be increased by increasing the number of receivers. In the alternative embodiment of a receiver 12 on object O and / or on living beings S1, S2, for. B. the start pulse modulated all Sen's.

The data determined in this way are fed to the evaluation unit A and the computer R1, which solves the systems of equations and detects the absolute position of the objects O and the living beings S1, S2. A vector for the direction of movement of the transmitter 10 can be determined by the cyclical measurement. As a result, the position and / or the direction of movement of the transmitter 10 is thus available.

A database 14 with an expert knowledge of the relationship between the objects O and / or the living beings S1, S2 is assigned to the computer R1. These relationships can be such. B. Be data that include the priority of processing individual objects. At a container station, the containers can be characterized by how long their service life lasts (first in - first out) and what content the containers have. On a playing field F, the relationships stored in the expert knowledge are e.g. B. the rules of the respective game to create game-relevant information. Such game-relevant information can e.g. B. in football line crossings, goals or the decision on corner kick, throw-in and offside positions. Game-relevant information is especially in the training area for different sports but such. B. also the throwing path of a spear or discus, the course of movement of the runner, the jump point in the triple jump and the like. This information can first be transmitted 19 by radio to a radio wave receiver 20, which the arbitrator or Trai ner carries with it a transmitter element. In this way, the referee is informed in real time and can continue to influence the game.

The determined data and information are made available to a further computer R2, which carries out an automatic statistical evaluation of the movement sequence or the game sequence. In addition to the data already mentioned above in the case of a container or e.g. B. the engine and condition data of a racing car can in a ball game z. B. The following values are recorded statistically for each player:

• - number of ball contacts,
• - covered track,
• - maximum speed,
• - maximum shot power,  
• - movement profile,
• - Accuracy of ball deliveries.

In addition, medical data can also be transmitted from an additional transmitter 18, in particular in the training area, be it pulse or blood pressure, oxygen content of the blood or other criteria which, for. B. show the state of exhaustion of the living being. It goes without saying that this can be used not only with players, but also with other living beings. While the transmitter is arranged for objects at a suitable location in or on object O, it can preferably be used for players in the clothing area or can even be implanted in other living things. In humans, implantation will be avoided; however, this cannot be ruled out. On these additional medical data, in conjunction with the other data, evaluation criteria can also be determined for the individual organisms, which can also be used to protect the respective organisms, in particular when it comes to this, e.g. B. Change players in time. Basically, statistics can also be used to determine the value of living beings.

However, this relevant information is mostly selected information for the referee, which in this generality is not the audience and the Spectators are made available because there are ultimately many games in the Er of the referee to what extent he uses this information.

The data and information are also represented by means of at least one transmission element 15 , such as e.g. B. a television TV or a computer screen PC supplied. Thus, the media preparation can serve as an additional visualization of the movement or game sequence. A game in particular can be made more attractive with the help of this data. Thus, the game can be displayed prepared by a processor M over several transmission channels K1, K2, K3. The available information, which the computer R1 has calculated, can be displayed together with the data arriving at the evaluation unit A on a display means computer R2, television set TV and computer screen PC at least partially, but if necessary also together with at least part of the data . So it is z. B. conceivable that a first transmission channel sends the game as usual. A second transmission channel shows the game as usual with the additional display of game-relevant information or statistical evaluations. So z. B. in football, the offside line is shown and the ball is colored according to the last ball contact, so that the spectator can immediately recognize offside positions. A third transmission channel shows the game as usual with the additional display of the name of the player who last played the ball. In addition, statistical data such as the distance covered, the number of ball contacts, etc. z. B. displayed directly or via teletext.

The data and information available on a computer R1, R2 in the form of statistical data a relationship between at least one object O and / or at least one living being S1, S2 for the statistical evaluation of the loading movement and / or the additional data determined. Such a relationship can a relationship based on game-relevant data and player-relevant data hung between the living being S1, S2 player and the game to evaluate the Game flow is determined.

In addition, a virtual preparation is also possible. So can a fourth Transmission channel in the case of a game a representation in the form of a top view generate, with the movement of the players and the ball graphically traced become. This z. B. moves very well recognizable. At vehicle races is it z. B. then no longer necessary to position cameras at all relevant points kidneys, because the vehicle is based on the knowledge of the route and the determined data must be recorded at any time. This also provides help information for the box person nal. In athletics there is often the possibility to directly expand the distance To determine throwing sports or to find optimal movements of jumpers know and analyze. This information can also be immediately available be made available. So z. B. always when hitting a throwing device Set discontinuity in the sequence of movements that immediately for measuring the width can be tightened.

Another channel can represent the game virtually prepared from the perspective of a virtual camera position. The players themselves are represented in a similar way to a computer game and move in real time just like in the game currently playing. In a football game, not only will the football wear a transmitter 10 , but the players, as living beings S1, S2, preferably wear a transmitter in each shoe. Not only can this clearly clarify the offside position, but it can also always be seen in which direction the player is moving, in particular whether he is moving in the chest or back direction. Since the player will usually follow the ball with his gaze, different camera positions can be calculated virtually. So z. B. a camera position is generated that is in the middle of the field. It is also possible to fly over the spatially limited area, or the game can be viewed from the perspective of a certain living being, here a player S1, S2. Depending on the application or sport, other transmitters can also be assigned to the same object and / or living being.

In the case of a television broadcast, the data and information can also be processed in this way be that the game is three-dimensional over a fifth transmission channel becomes adjustable. For example, two virtual cameras are used, their Images are transferred as a red / green image. If the viewer has a red / green 3-D Glasses, a three-dimensional image is created. Of course, others can Information and effects are transmitted on separate television channels.

To further increase media processing, it is also possible to make the determined data and possibly information available via a data network 16 . For this purpose, e.g. B. An Internet server IS may be provided, which provides the data and information to a user of the data network, who then loads this information and data on his PC. The user can then generate the display and - if not transmitted - the game-relevant information himself. In contrast to the transmission on television, the viewer can determine the virtual camera position himself. This can e.g. B. can be realized with a special joy stick. Moving the joystick moves the camera position across the field. It is z. B. possible to dive into the current game happening at any position, to view or analyze it from all directions or to fly after the ball. It is even possible with appropriate aids that the viewer can bring himself into the virtual playing field. The game can also be viewed in 3-dimensional color on the screen. As a further function, it is possible to record the entire game on the hard disk so that the game can be displayed and evaluated again later.

However, all of this information cannot only be used for games and sports although of what kind - to think z. B. also on cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Water sports or underwater sports - one use is also in another Areas possible in which in a delimited spatial area a data registration is required and can be benefited from media preparation.

Alternatively, a position detection system can be used instead of the active sensor system passively capture the objects and / or living things. So z. B. multiple image ge bender cameras capture the movement of objects and / or living things, and a computer R1 scans the determined images to detect the position of the ob objects and / or living beings. To do this, a grid is placed on the picture and, after preferably at the beginning of the recording the objects and / or living things for the Movement sequences can be marked accordingly follow. But one can also know the objects and / or living beings by means draw this z. B. distinguishable for thermal imaging cameras. In addition, the Depending on the condition, the heat radiated by the living creatures is also an indication of their Overall condition.

In both cases (active or passive) means to check the situation and / or Motion data on motion sequences like certain motion patterns hen. These movements can also be differentiated according to the time speed and acceleration of objects and / or living things determine. This check, which can be carried out in the computer R1, enables above all when monitoring game processes or racing processes, a statement about the e.g. B. regular movement of objects and / or living beings. But also in the lodge Stikbereich can be checked based on the information available, whether z. B. the container that has been in storage for a long time has been properly resumed in good time is leading.

Claims (23)

1. Evaluation unit for evaluating static states and / or movement sequences, in particular game sequences, characterized in that a sensor system is provided with

• - An at least one object (O) assigned transmission means for elec tromagnetic waves or sonar waves, which transmits signals to at least one receiver (E1... E4) for detection of at least the position of the object, and / or
• a further transmission means for electromagnetic waves or sonar waves associated with at least one living being (S1, S2), which transmits signals to at least one receiver (E1... E4) for detecting at least the position of the living being,
• - The evaluation unit statistically evaluates the determined data.

2. Evaluation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluations unit (A) location and / or movement data of the object (O) and / or living being sens (S1, S2) determined on the basis of the signals transmitted by the sensor system and with a calculator (R1) for calculating information based on the information provided by the Evaluation unit determined position and / or movement data is connected and statistically evaluates this data and information. 3. Evaluation unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transmission means by transmitter ( 10 , 11 ) and receiver (E1 ... E4) is formed, wherein either the object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2 ) assigned transmitter ( 10 ) sends signals to several receivers (E1... E4) for the detection of the object and / or living being (S1, S2), or a receiver ( 12 ) is assigned to the object and / or living being, which the signals several transmitters ( 17 ) receives and sends the received transmission data by means of a transmitter ( 11 ) to a further receiver ( 13 ) for detection of the object and / or living being. 4. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter ( 10 , 11 , 17 ) and receiver (E1 ... E4, 12 ) are designed such that the sensor system covers a spatially limited area. 5. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further transmission means or an additional transmitter ( 18 ) additional data such. B. transmits medical data of the living being (S1, S2). 6. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one group of the following data per living being (S1, S2) are recorded:

• - number of ball contacts,
• - covered track,
• - maximum speed,
• - maximum shot power,
• - movement profile,
• - accuracy of ball deliveries,
• - spin of the ball,
• - living being's heart rate (S1, S2),
• - living being's pulse.

7. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the data determined by the evaluation unit (A) with the medizini data are correlated. 8. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the object (O) is a game device and that the living beings (S1, S2) Players of a game are within a limited space, with the Evaluation unit (A) game-relevant and / or player-relevant data based on the Data transmitted by the sensor system is determined and the computer (R1) from this Game-relevant information calculated statistically by the evaluation unit (A) evaluates. 9. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computer (R1) is assigned a database ( 14 ) with expert knowledge of the relationships between the objects (O) and / or the living beings (S1, S2). 10. Evaluation unit according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the data bank ( 14 ) is an expert knowledge of the rules of the respective game in order to create game-relevant information. 11. Evaluation unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that instead of the sensor system, a position detection system is passive the objects and / or living beings recorded. 12. Evaluation unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the passive Position detection system includes several imaging cameras and that the Computer (R1) the determined images for recording the position of the objects and / or scans living beings. 13. Evaluation unit according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the cameras is a thermal imager. 14. Method for evaluating static conditions and / or movement stagnation fen, in particular of game sequences with an evaluation unit (A) and a Sensor system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized net that the evaluation unit records the data and information and that on a computer (R1) from this in the form of statistical data a relationship between at least one object (O) and / or at least one living being (S1, S2) for statistical evaluation of the static state and / or movement sequence is determined. 15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the evaluation unit Game-relevant data and player-relevant data recorded and that on one Calculator (R1) derived a relationship between the living being (S1, S2) player and game for evaluating the game flow is determined. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the statistical data using the data determined by the sensor system and the information derived therefrom in conjunction with an expert knowledge of the relationships between the objects (O) stored on a database ( 14 ). and / or living beings (S1, S2) are created. 17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the database ( 14 ) contains expert knowledge of the respective rules of a game. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the statistical data created by the evaluation unit (A) on a dar positioning means (R2, TV, PC) such as a television or a computer screen being represented. 19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the statistical data created for the evaluation of (S1, S2) living beings get dressed by. 20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information may be shared with the Data can be displayed in a sound and image transmission. 21. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the game-relevant Information if necessary together with the game-relevant and / or player-relevant Data can be displayed in the sound and image transmission of a game. 22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that instead of the sensor system, a passive position detection system Objects and / or living beings recorded. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the passive positi detection system includes several imaging cameras and that the Computer (R1) the determined images for recording the position of the objects and / or scans living beings.