DE10010118A1 - Coating system, useful for the production of microelectronics, comprises a pyranosyl nucleic acid comprises a pyranosephosphate back bone bonded to purine or pyrimidine bases. - Google Patents

Abstract

A coating system, based on pyranosyl-nucleic acids for the formation of adhesion compounds, comprises at least two coating agents (A) containing a pyranosyl nucleic acid and (B) containing other oligomers or polymers that form non-covalent bonds with (A) whereby the pyranosyl-nucleic acid comprises a pyranosephosphate back bone bonded to purine or pyrimidine bases. Independent claims are included for: (i) a coating agent containing a pyranosyl-nucleic acid for use in the coating system; (ii) a process for the formation of adhesion compounds, preferably electrically conductive compounds by activating the surfaces of the parts to be bonded; applying components (A) and (B) to the surfaces; immobilizing the oligomers or polymers on the surfaces; bringing the two surfaces into contact to allow the desired non-covalent bonds to be formed and optionally separating the bonded parts from the non-bonded parts; and (iii) the resulting adhesion compound.

Description

The present invention relates to a coating system based on Pyranosyl nucleic acids (p-NA) for the formation of adhesion compounds, a method of forming adhesive bonds as well as various Uses of a coating system according to the invention.

The miniaturization of technical components, especially of miniaturized, integrated electronic circuits, is now penetrating the range of molecular orders of magnitude.

Of particular interest are new types of materials, which are in the form of Can organize pairing systems themselves. Pairing systems are supra molecular systems of non-covalent interaction, which are characterized by selectivi characteristics, stability and reversibility, and their properties trains thermodynamically, e.g. B. by temperature, pH and concentration to be influenced.

DNA and RNA play a fundamental role as carriers of the hereditary system Role.

Such pairing systems can e.g. B. due to their selective properties but also as a "molecular adhesive" for merging under different metal clusters to form cluster associations with potentially new properties be used (Mirkin, C.A. et al. Nature, 1996. 382, 607-9, Alivi satos, A.P. et al., Nature, 1996, 382, 609-11). The mating or hybridization tion properties of naturally occurring DNA z. B. used around metal clusters bound to DNA strands with a complementary DNA To let strand mate. As a result, cluster associations with potential won new material properties. Such pairing systems can therefore as "molecular machines" or functional "molecular circuits" be considered.  

However, DNA or RNA building blocks have the following disadvantages:

• a) The forces that hold two strands together, especially hydrogen bonds and stack effects are naturally very low. Such duplicates therefore point low stability. Consequently, for the manufacture of mating systems relatively long single strands are necessary, d. H. the "nucleotide load" is high.
• b) Through the formation of Hoogsteen pairings, which are an alternative to Watson Selectivity decreases, the selectivity decreases. With that are often parallel duplexes or irreversible pairing.
• c) The high flexibility of the sugar-phosphate backbone forms heli cale conformations, instead of the lei for training in particular electrically Tender connections desired linear alignment.
• d) A possible interference with the genetic material of biological systems me cannot be excluded if the supramolecular units in one biological system are used.

From WO 98/25943 a supramolecular nanosystem is known essential non-helical oligomers and as a preferred embodiment has two pyranosyl-RNA oligomers which are specifically not mutually mate covalently. However, it is mandatory that one of the oligomers (Oligomer B) is bound to functional units. As functional units of oligomer B should, for example, metals, preferably metal clusters, especially precious metals, especially gold, silver and / or platinum. For the production of conductive "nano-wires" it is recommended to pass the nucleobases through Replace chelating agents that form a Paa in the presence of metal ions tion between the oligomers.  

However, such a modified pyranosyl RNA is disadvantageously toxicological and not ecologically harmless, since the functional units are biologically Reduce the degradability during disposal. It is also ready tion naturally involves more effort than the unmodified Pyranosyl nucleic acids.

The present invention is therefore based on the task under Avoid to provide the above-mentioned disadvantages of a selective pairing system len. The pairing system should advantageously be electrically conductive.

Surprisingly, it was found that pyranosyl nucleic acids too without the functionalization described above or the replacement of the nucleoba by chelating agents have electrically conductive properties that the Allow formation of electrically conductive adhesion connections.

The present invention therefore relates to a coating system based on pyranosyl nucleic acids (p-NA) for the formation of adhesive compounds, in particular of electrically conductive adhesive compounds,
which is characterized in that it comprises at least two coating compositions A and B,
wherein the coating agent A contains a pyranosyl nucleic acid, and the coating agent B contains a further oligomer or polymer which is suitable for entering into non-covalent bonds with the pyranosyl nucleic acid in the coating agent A and
that the pyranosyl nucleic acid consists of a pyranosephosphate backbone and attached purine or pyrimidine bases.

"Non-covalent bond" in the sense of the present invention means one Association of the p-NA of the coating agent A with the oligomer or polymer of coating agent B via non-covalent interactions, such as example  Hydrogen bridges, salt bridges, stacking, metalligandation gene, or hydrophobic interactions.

The coating system according to the invention advantageously forms elec trically conductive adhesive bonds, although there are none to the p-NA bound functional units or chelating agents instead of nucleobases having.

A reason (in no way limiting the invention) for this Surprising electrical conductivity may be specific Training of salt bridges or the specific training of the base stack in pyranosyl nucleic acids.

The adhesive bonds are surprisingly conductive even if in coating agent B no p-NA but another oligo or Polymer is included which is suitable with the p-NA in the coating tel A non-covalent bonds, for example an oligonucleotide with phosphate-free backbone, as in Meyers, R. A .; Molecular Biology and Bio technology; VCH; 1995; Pp. 617-621; described.

However, the oligomer or polymer in the coating agent B is preferred a pyranosyl nucleic acid.

Preferably, the p-NA of the coating agent A and the oligo- or Polymer of the coating agent B complementary to each other. The whole However, according to the invention, depending on the type and order of the mo nomers of the oligomer or polymer in B or the type and order of the mo nomers of the p-NA in A may be restricted or incomplete. this makes possible advantageously a precise adjustment of the adhesive strength between the Coating agents.

Likewise, changes in the adhesive bond can be made by a change the equilibrium conditions, such as concentration of the coating agent A and B, salt concentration, pH, pressure and / or temperature  become. By setting certain equilibrium conditions you can different areas for pairing or unpairing are brought, so that reversible initially removed molecular residues in close proximity can be. Through this mechanism, the inventor Represent molecular coating system according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention it is the pyranosyl nucleic acid is a pentopyranosyl nucleic acid, in particular a ribo-, arabino-, lyxo- and / or xylopyranosyl Nucleic acid, preferably a ribopyranosyl nucleic acid, also pyranosyl Called RNA (p-RNA).

Pyranosyl nucleic acids (p-NA's) are generally related to natural RNA isomeric structure types in which the pentose units are in the pyranose form are present and by phosphodiester groups between positions C-2 'and C-4 'are linked repetitively under "bases" or "nucleobases" in Within the scope of the present invention, the canonical nucleobases A, T, U, C, G, but also the pairs of isoguanine / isocytosine and 2,6-diaminopurine / xanthine and also understood other purines and pyrimidines. p-NA's, that of the Ribose-derived p-RNAs were first described by Eschenmoser et al. described (see S. Pitsch et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 76,2161 (1993); S. Pitsch et al., Helv. Chim Acta 78, 1621 (1995); R. Krishnamurthy, Angew. Chem. 108, 1619-1623 (1996)). They only form so-called Watson-Crick paired, d. H. Purine-pyrimidine and purine-purine paired, antiparallel, reversi bel "melting", quasi-linear and stable duplexes. Homochiral p-RNA Strands of opposite chirality sense also pair controllably and are strictly non-helical in the duplex formed. This for the training of Adhesive bonds valuable specificity depends on the relatively low fle flexibility of the ribopyranose phosphate backbone as well as with the strong inclination the base plane to the strand axis and the consequent tendency towards inter catenary base stacking in the resulting duplex and can be ultimately the participation of a 2 ', 4'-cis-disubstituted ribopyrano ring on  Bring back the structure of the spine. This much better pairing egg properties make p-NAs to DNA and RNA for the formation of Adhesive bonds to preferred pairing systems. You form one too natural nucleic acids orthogonal mating system, d. H. they don't mate with naturally occurring DNA's and RNA's. A pairing with Phosphate-free backbone oligonucleotides as described in Meyers, R.A .; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; VCH; 1995; Pp. 617-621; is described, however not excluded.

P- that can be used as part of the coating system according to the invention RNA can, as described by Eschenmoser et al. (1993, supra) and after standing explained, are produced.

A suitable protected nucleobase is used with the anomer mixture the tetrabenzoyl ribopyranose by the action of bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and a Lewis acid such as e.g. B. trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate for the Reacti brought (analog H. Vorbrüggen, K. Krolikiewicz, B. Bennua, Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 1234). Under the influence of bases (NaOH in THF / methanol / water in Trap of purines; saturated ammonia in MeOH in the case of pyrimidines) the acyl protecting groups split off from the sugar, and the product under acidic Catalysis protected with p-anisaldehyde dimethyl acetal in the 3 ', 4' position. The Tue astereomer mixture is acylated in the 2'-position, the 3 ', 4'-methoxybenzylidene protected 2'-benzoate by acid treatment, e.g. B. with trifluoroacetic acid in Methanol deacetalized, and reacted with dimethoxytrityl chloride. The 2'-3'- Migration of the benzoate is reduced by treatment with p-nitro-phenol / 4- (Dimethylamino) pyridine / triethylamino / pyridine / n-propanol initiated. The Reak ions are worked up by column chromatography. The so synthesized te key building block, the 4'-DMT-3'-benzoyl-1 'nucleobase derivative of Ribo pyranose, is then partially phosphitylated or via a linker to one solid phase bound.

In the subsequent automated oligonucleotide synthesis, the carrier-bound component in the 4 'position repeatedly de-acidified Phosphoramidite under the action of a coupling reagent, e.g. B. a tetrazole derivative,  coupled, still free 4'-oxygen atoms are acetylated and that Phosphorus atom is oxidized to obtain the oligomeric product. On the remaining protective groups are then split off, the product cleaned and desalted by HPLC.

Another method of making pentopyranosyl nucleic acids is described in DE-A-197 41 715, to which reference is hereby made in full is taken.

It is preferably made as part of the coating according to the invention p-RNA usable in the system, however, as in DE-A-198 15 901 to which reference is also hereby made in full.

In this process, the yield in the preparation of the 3 ', 4'-cyclic Acetals of a pentopyranosyl nucleoside, which is an intermediate in the Eschenmoser synthesis described above is optimized in that the Pentopyranosyl nucleoside under negative pressure with an aldehyde or ketone or is reacted with an acetal or ketal.

The term negative pressure here means in particular a pressure of less than approx. 500 mbar, preferably of less than approx. 100 mbar, in particular of less than approx. 50 mbar, especially of approx. 30 mbar. The aldehyde is, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde; the acetal formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal; the ketone acetone, cyclopentanone or cyclcohexanone and the ketal acetone dimethyl ketal, cyclopentanone dimethyl ketal, cyclohexanone dimethyl ketal or in the form of 2-methoxypropene. In a special embodiment, the pentopyranosyl nucleoside is purified, for example over SiO ₂ , preferably over SiO ₂ in the form of silica gel, before the reaction. Purification on a silica gel chromatography column, for example, is suitable for this. For the elution of the pentopyranosyl nucleoside z. B. a gradient of about 1-20% or about 5-15% methanol in dichloromethane. It is particularly advantageous if the pentopyranosyl nucleoside is neutralized before cleaning, for example with a 1% strength hydrochloric acid solution or with solid ammonium chloride, and if appropriate the solvents are stripped off.

A pentopyranosyl nucleoside is generally a ribo-, arabino-, Lyxo or xylopyranosyl nucleoside. Examples of suitable pentopyrano syl nucleosides are a pentopyranosyl purine, -2,6-diaminopurine, -6-purine thiol, pyridine, pyrimidine, adenosine, guanosine, isoguanosine, 6-thioguanosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, thymidine, cytosine, isocytosine, indole, tryptamine, N phthaloyltryptamine, uracil, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, benzotriazole or -acridine.

The process preferred according to the invention is generally carried out at a temperature of approximately 40-70 ° C., preferably approximately 50-60 ° C., in particular approximately 50-55 ° C. Furthermore, the reaction is generally carried out under acidic catalysis, for example in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, sulfuric acid, acidic ion exchangers, such as, for. B. acidic Amberlite® (Rohm & Haas) and / or Lewis acids, such as. As zinc chloride, trimethylsilyl triflate or pyridinium paratoluenesulfonate, performed. The reaction times are usually about 1-1.5 hours, preferably about 1.5 hours. In a further embodiment of the method preferred according to the invention, in a further step the 3 ', 4'-cyclic acetal of a pentopyranosyl nucleoside obtained according to the above method can be protected at the 2'-position. The 2'-position is preferably protected by a base-labile or a metal-catalyzed protecting group, especially an acyl group, especially an acetyl, benzoyl, nitrobenzoyl and / or methoxybenzoyl group, protected by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example with benzoyl chloride in a dimethylaminopyridine / pyridine solution at room temperature. In a further embodiment of the method preferred according to the invention, the 3 ', 4'-cyclic acetal of a pentopyranosyl nucleoside which is protected at the 2'-position can be decetalated. In general, the decetalation is carried out in the presence of an acid, preferably in the presence of a strong acid, such as. B. trifluoroacetic acid. The reaction product obtained is preferably worked up in a dry-basic manner, for example in the presence of solid hydrogen carbonate, carbonate and / or basic ion exchanger, such as, for. B. basic Amberlite® (Rohm & Haas), then the processed reaction product, for example over SiO ₂ , in particular over SiO ₂ in the form of silica gel, who who.

In a further embodiment of this method, in a further The 4 'position should also be protected. Suitable as a protective group in generally an acid- or base-labile protecting group, preferably one Trityl group, in particular a DMT group, and / or a β-eliminable Group, especially an Fmoc group.

A protective group is introduced according to generally known procedures ren, for example by dimethoxytrityl chloride in the presence of z. B. N- Ethyldiisopropylamine (Hünig base).

In a further embodiment of the method, the protective group can be rearranged from the 2'-position to the 3'-position in a further step. In general, the rearrangement is carried out in the presence of a base, in particular in the presence of N-ethyldiisopropylamine and / or triethylamine by generally known methods, e.g. B. in the presence of a mixture of N-ethyldiisopropylamine, isopropanol, p-nitrophenol and dimethylaminopyridine in pyridine, at elevated temperature, e.g. B. about 60 ° C performed. The products obtained can then be purified by means of chromatography over SiO ₂ , in particular over SiO ₂ in the form of silica gel, and / or crystallization. The starting compound for the process described, the pentopyranosyl nucleoside, can be prepared, for example, by first reacting a protected nucleobase with a protected ribopyranose and then removing the protective groups from the ribopyranosyl part. The method can, for example, as in Pitsch et al. (1993), supra, or Pitsch et al. (1995), supra. To avoid further time-consuming and material-intensive chromatographies, it is advantageous to use only anomerically protected pentopyranoses such as B. tetrabenzoylpentopyranoses, preferably β-tetrabenzoyl ribopyranoses (R, Jeanloz, J. Am, Chem. Soc, 1948, 70, 4052).

A method for producing a Ribopyrano sylnucleoside can thus be used advantageously in which

• A) implemented a protected nucleobase with a protected ribopyranose becomes,
• B) the protecting groups from the ribopyranosyl portion of the product from step (I) be split off, and
• C) the product from step (II) according to the procedure described in more detail above is implemented.

The pento obtained is used to produce a pentopyranosyl nucleic acid pyranosyl nucleoside in a further step either for the oligomerisie tion phosphitylated or for solid phase synthesis on a solid phase bound, the phosphitylation is carried out, for example, by phosphorous acid monoallyl ester diisopropyl amide chloride in the presence of a base, e.g. B. N- Ethyl diisopropylamine. Binding of a protected pentopyranosyl Nucleoside to a solid phase, e.g. B. "long chain alkylamino controlled pore glass "(CPG, Sigma Chemie, Munich) can, for example, as in Pitsch et al. (1993), supra.

A method for producing a pentopyranosyl nucleic acid can also be used advantageously in which

• 1. in a first step, a pentopyranosyl nucleoside according to the above be written procedure is produced
• 2. in a second step, the pentopyrano prepared according to step (Ia) syl nucleoside is bound to a solid phase, and
• 3. in a further step that according to step (IIa) on a solid phase bound pentopyranosyl nucleoside around a phosphitylated 3'-, 4'-protected Pentopyranosyl nucleoside is extended, and
• 4. Step (IIIa) with the same or different phosphitylated 3'-, 4'-protected pentopyranosyl nucleosides is repeated until the desired te pentopyranosyl nucleic acid is obtained.

As a coupling reagent for the extension according to step (IIIa) in general acidic activators, preferably 5- (4-nitrophenyl) -1H-tetrazole, especially benzimidazolium triflate used, since with benzimidazolium triflate in contrast to 5- (4-nitrophenyl) -1H-tetrazole as coupling reagent none Clogging of the coupling reagent lines and no contamination of the Product.

It is also advantageous to add a salt such as sodium chloride to the protecting group-releasing hydrazinolysis, in particular the nucleobases To protect pyrimidine bases, especially uracil and thymine, from opening a ring zen that would destroy the oligonucleotide. Allyloxy groups can be preferred as by palladium [Pd (O)] complexes z. B. before hydrazinolysis to be split.

The nucleic acid formed is split off from the solid phase in the generally also by hydrazinolysis. Therefore, in another Step (Va) the protective groups and the pentopyranosyl nucleic acid formed be split off from the solid phase.

In general, the pentopyranosyl nucleic acids are purified by chromatography, for example on alkylsilylated silica gel, preferably on RP-C ₁₈ silica gel.

The pyranosyl part of the pyranosyl nucleic acid (s) is preferably in the Coating system according to the invention configured D or L.

The length of the pyranosyl nucleic acid (s) in the Be Layering system can be varied in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, depending according to the strength of the desired adhesive bond. As a rule, the Pyranosyl nucleic acid (s) from about 5 to about 500 in length, preferably from about 5 to about 100, especially from about 5 to about 50, particularly preferably about 5 to about 25, very particularly preferably about 5 to 10 mono units.  

The pyranosyl part of the pyranosyl nucleic acid (s) can be in the Invention coating system in the form of a thiophosphate, alkylated Phos phates, phosphonates and / or amides are present.

The coating system according to the invention contains in particular nucleus acid (s) with adenosine, guanosine, isoguanosine, cytosine, isocytosine, tymidine, Uracil, 2,6-diaminopurine and / or xanthine as nucleobases.

The coating system according to the invention is preferably used, by inserting the surfaces between which an adhesive bond exists especially an electrically conductive adhesive connection should, coated with only one of the two coating agents A or B. and then allowing the coated surfaces to come into contact with each other occur and through the non-covalent interactions described above the desired connection between surface coated with A and B to train.

The coating system provided here advantageously enables in particular in an aqueous environment, an "auto-targeting" of those to be connected Surfaces, which is particularly useful for industrial scale applications Interest is.

After formation of the adhesive bond, the binding partners can also permanently linked, d. H. be fixed. A chemical fixie is preferred tion, for example covalent networking, such as metathesis, rear coupling, Michael addition of thiols and / or oxidative formation of disulfide bridges.

Another object of the present invention is a coating with tel containing p-NA for use in a coating according to the invention system.  

Another object of the present invention is a method for forming adhesion connections, in particular electrically conductive adhesion connections, which is characterized in that

• a) activates the surfaces of the parts to be connected,
• b) oligomers or polymers on the surfaces to be joined brings who are able to form non-covalent bonds with each other, where at least one of the binding partners is a pyranosyl nucleic acid,
• c) immobilizing the oligomers or polymers on the surfaces,
• d) the surfaces of the coated parts allows each other come into contact and the desired non-covalent bonds train and
• e) if necessary, the connected parts of the unconnected separates.

The activation in step a) is preferably carried out by photolithographic or chemical processes.

The surface to be activated in step a) preferably essentially consists Chen made of ceramic, metal, especially precious metal such as gold, silver or platinum, Glass, plastics, crystalline materials or particularly preferably Quartz or other silicon compounds.

Step b) of the process according to the invention is particularly preferably employed rens an inventive coating system.

The immobilization in step c) takes place according to the person skilled in the art from the "DNA Known chip technology; generally covalent, quasi- covalent, supramolecular or physical, such as magnetic (Shepard, AR (1997) Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 3183-3185, No. 15), in the electric field or through a molecular sieve. For example, the oligomers or polymers can ent neither synthesized directly on the surfaces to be connected or on be agreed positions of the surface are "linked". Examples of this are conjugation  and immobilization methods via periodate oxidation and reductive Amination of the Schiff base, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of preferably Dicar bonic acid linker, ethylenediamine phosphoamidate linker, mercapto, iodoacetyl or Maleinimido method and / or covalent or non-covalent biotin linker Method.

The separated parts are separated from the non-connected parts in an expedient manner; easiest by removing the unconnected parts after formation of the desired adhesive bond physically abge be separated, for example by washing or with smaller parts Sedimentation or filtration.

With regard to the manufacture and properties of the in the fiction According to the method used, oligomers or polymers are shown in the diagram above ment of the coating system according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention is an adhesive bond dung, preferably an electrically conductive adhesive connection, available by the method according to the invention and / or by using a coating system according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a coating system according to the invention or an inventive Adhesive bond in microelectronics, especially as a board adhesive, as an electronic component, semiconductor or photochemical unit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 shows a section of the structure of RNA in its naturally occurring form (left) and in the form of a p-NA (right).

ABBREVIATIONS

THF means tetrahydrofuran
DMT means dimethoxytrityl
CPG means "controlled pore glass".

Claims (16)

1. Coating system based on pyranosyl nucleic acids (p-NA) for the formation of adhesion compounds, characterized in that
that it comprises at least two coating agents A and B,
wherein the coating agent A contains a pyranosyl nucleic acid, and the coating agent B contains a further oligomer or polymer which is suitable for entering into non-covalent bonds with the pyranosyl nucleic acid in the coating agent A and
that the pyranosyl nucleic acid consists of a pyranosephosphate backbone and attached purine or pyrimidine bases. 2. Coating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive bonds are electrically conductive. 3. Coating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the oligomer or polymer in the coating agent B is a pyranosyl Is nucleic acid. 4. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the pyranosyl nucleic acid is a pentopyranosyl Nucleic acid, in particular a ribo, arabino, lyxo and / or xylo pyranosyl nucleic acid, preferably a ribopyranosyl nucleic acid. 5. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the pyranosyl part of the pyranosyl nucleic acid D- or L- is configured.   6. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the pyranosyl nucleic acid has a length of about 5 to about 500, preferably from about 5 to about 100, especially from about 5 to about 50, particularly preferably from about 5 to about 25, very particularly preferably from about 5 to about 10 monomer units. 7. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized ge indicates that the pyranosyl part of the pyranosyl nucleic acid in the form of a Thiophosphates, alkylated phosphates, phosphonates and / or amides lies. 8. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that the nucleic acid as nucleobase adenosine, guanosine, iso guanosine, cytosine, isocytosine, tymidine, uracil, 2,6-diaminopurine and / or Xan contains thin. 9. Coating agent containing pyranosyl nucleic acid for use dung in a coating system according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. A method for forming adhesion connections, in particular electrically conductive adhesion connections, characterized in that

• a) activates the surfaces of the parts to be connected,
• b) applying oligomers or polymers to the surfaces to be joined which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds with one another, at least one of the binding partners being a pyranosyl nucleic acid,
• c) immobilizing the oligomers or polymers on the surfaces,
• d) enables the surfaces of the coated parts to come into contact with one another and to form the desired non-covalent bonds, and
• e) if necessary, the connected parts of the unconnected

separates. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the activation tion in step a) by photolithographic or chemical methods. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the Surfaces to be activated in step a) essentially of ceramic; Metal, in particular precious metals such as gold, silver or platinum; Glass; Plastics; kri stallinen materials or particularly preferably from quartz or other Silici connections exist. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in net that in step b) a coating system according to one of the claims 1 to 8, preferably a coating system according to one of claims 2 to 8, particularly preferably a coating system according to one of the claims che 3 to 8 uses. 14. Adhesive bond, obtainable by a method according to one of the Claims 10 to 13 and / or by using a coating system according to one of claims 1 to 8. 15. Electrically conductive adhesive bond, obtainable by a process according to one of claims 10 to 13 and / or by using a Be Layering system according to one of claims 2 to 8. 16. Use of a coating system according to one of claims 1 to 8 or an adhesive compound according to claim 14 or 15 in the micro electronics, in particular as circuit board adhesive, as an electronic component, semi-lead ter or light chemical unit.