DE10003673A1 - Determining extracellular ion concentrations, useful e.g. for pharmaceutical screening, in the basolateral regions of adherent cells, using immobilized fluorescent dyes - Google Patents
Determining extracellular ion concentrations, useful e.g. for pharmaceutical screening, in the basolateral regions of adherent cells, using immobilized fluorescent dyesInfo
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- DE10003673A1 DE10003673A1 DE2000103673 DE10003673A DE10003673A1 DE 10003673 A1 DE10003673 A1 DE 10003673A1 DE 2000103673 DE2000103673 DE 2000103673 DE 10003673 A DE10003673 A DE 10003673A DE 10003673 A1 DE10003673 A1 DE 10003673A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erfassung physiologischer bzw. extern induzierter Änderungen der äußeren Ionenkonzentration an kultivierten Zellen.The invention relates to a method for detecting physiologically or externally induced Changes in the external ion concentration in cultured cells.
Zur Bestimmung von intrazellulären Ionenkonzentrationen sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt [1-9, 11]. Sie beruhen auf dem Einsatz von ionensensitiven Mikroelektroden oder von Photoproteinen und Fluoreszenzindikatoren. Die letztgenannte Methode wird wegen ihrer hohen Empfindlichkeit und dem Fehlen von mechanischen Eingriffen in die lebenden Zellen in breitem Maße angewendet. Mittels entsprechend ausgerüsteter Mikroskope (Laser- Scanning-Mikroskop, Bildaufzeichnung mit Videokamera) kann die Veränderung der Ionen konzentrationen im Echtzeitbetrieb zusammen mit ihrer räumlichen Ausdehnung erfaßt werden.Various methods are available for determining intracellular ion concentrations known [1-9, 11]. They are based on the use of ion-sensitive microelectrodes or of photoproteins and fluorescent indicators. The latter method is because of its high sensitivity and the lack of mechanical intervention in the living cells applied widely. Using appropriately equipped microscopes (laser Scanning microscope, image recording with video camera) can change the ions Concentrations recorded in real time together with their spatial extent become.
Zur Bestimmung von extrazellulären Ionenkonzentrationen im zellnahen Bereich werden zumeist auch Mikroelektroden benutzt. Für ausgesuchte Zwecke stehen Farbstoffe mit lipophilem Anker, z. B. Calcium Green C18, Molecular Probes, zur Verfügung. Sie eignen sich jedoch nicht zur Messung von Ionenkonzentrationen im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen. Dafür sind auf der ISFET-Technologie basierende Gerätesysteme entwickelt worden (z. B. Physiocontrol-Mikrosystem [11, 13, 14], Microphysiometer [9]). Die Zellen werden auf Objektträgern, auf denen ISFETs integriert sind, kultiviert und vermessen. Die Messungen sind jedoch mit einem hohen apparativen Aufwand verbunden.For the determination of extracellular ion concentrations in the cell-near area mostly also used microelectrodes. Dyes are available for selected purposes lipophilic anchor, e.g. B. Calcium Green C18, Molecular Probes. You are suitable however, not for measuring ion concentrations in the basolateral area of the cells. Device systems based on ISFET technology have been developed for this (e.g. Physiocontrol microsystem [11, 13, 14], microphysiometer [9]). The cells are on Slides, on which ISFETs are integrated, cultivated and measured. The measurements are associated with a high expenditure on equipment.
Der in den Patentansprüchen angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, in einfacher Weise und mit geringem Aufwand die Bestimmung von extrazellulären Ionenkonzentrationen im basolateralen Bereich adhärenter Zellen zu ermöglichen.The invention specified in the claims is based on the problem in simpler The determination of extracellular ion concentrations with little effort to enable adherent cells in the basolateral region.
Dieses Problem wird gemäß Patentansprüchen 1 und 5 gelöst durch matriximmobilisierte Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe auf einer lichtdurchlässigen Unterlage und Messung der Fluoreszenz. Die Immobilisierung des Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs erfolgt mittels hochmolekularer, z. B. Dextran konjugierter Farbstoffe, wie etwa SNARF®-1 dextran oder Calcium Green™-1 dextran oder reaktiver, zu kovalenten Bindungen befähigter Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe, z. B. Chlormethyl SNARF®-1.This problem is solved according to claims 1 and 5 by matrix immobilized Fluorescent dyes on a transparent base and measurement of fluorescence. The fluorescent dye is immobilized by means of high molecular weight, e.g. B. Dextran conjugated dyes, such as SNARF®-1 dextran or Calcium Green ™ -1 dextran or reactive fluorescent dyes capable of covalent bonds, e.g. B. Chloromethyl SNARF®-1.
Die Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe werden in eine polymere, biokompatible, lichtdurchlässige,
hydrophile Matrix eingearbeitet. Als Matrices sind Collagen, Polylysin, kolloidales Kieselgel,
kolloidales Kieselgel, welches einer Sol-Gel-Umwandlung unterzogen wurde oder auch
andere Hydrogele, die als Wachstumssubstrate für verschiedene Zellen dienen, z. B. Stärke,
Agar, Agarose, Elastin usw. sowie deren Kombinationen einsetzbar. Mit einer Mischung aus
Matrix und Fluoreszenzfarbstoff werden unter sterilen Bedingungen Glasunterlagen oder
andere lichtdurchlässige Unterlagen beschichtet. Nach dem Trocknen der fluorophorhaltigen
Matrix sind die Unterlagen in steriler Verpackung lagerstabil. Vor der Testung werden die zu
untersuchenden Zellen direkt auf den beschichteten Unterlagen kultiviert, wobei möglichst
physiologische Bedingungen (pH, Temperatur, Nährstoffversorgung) einzuhalten sind. Das
durch die lebenden Zellen im basolateralen Spalt generierte extrazelluläre Fluoreszenzsignal
kann unter dem Fluoreszenzmikroskop bzw. mit Hilfe eines Fluoreszenzplattenreaders erfaßt
werden. Die Auswertung der Meßsignale kann auf unterschiedlicher Weise erfolgen:
The fluorescent dyes are incorporated into a polymeric, biocompatible, translucent, hydrophilic matrix. As matrices are collagen, polylysine, colloidal silica gel, colloidal silica gel which has been subjected to a sol-gel conversion or other hydrogels which serve as growth substrates for various cells, e.g. B. starch, agar, agarose, elastin etc. and combinations thereof can be used. With a mixture of matrix and fluorescent dye, glass substrates or other translucent substrates are coated under sterile conditions. After the fluorophore-containing matrix has dried, the documents are stable in storage in sterile packaging. Before the test, the cells to be examined are cultivated directly on the coated substrates, whereby physiological conditions (pH, temperature, nutrient supply) are to be observed as far as possible. The extracellular fluorescence signal generated by the living cells in the basolateral gap can be detected under the fluorescence microscope or with the aid of a fluorescence plate reader. The measurement signals can be evaluated in different ways:
- a) Mikroskopische Einzelzellbewertung oder Bewertung ausgewählter Areale innerhalb einer Zelle, gemessen gegen den nicht mit Zellen bedeckten Hintergrund.a) Microscopic single cell evaluation or evaluation of selected areas within one Cell measured against the background not covered with cells.
- b) Bildanalytische Auswertung aller Zellen im Bildfeldb) Image analysis evaluation of all cells in the image field
- c) Summensignal der gesamten Fluoreszenzintensität, Voraussetzung ist ein konfluent gewachsener Zellrasen auf der Unterlagec) Sum signal of the total fluorescence intensity, a confluence is required grown cell lawn on the mat
Anstelle eines Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs sind auch andere Farbstoffe, deren Lichtdurchlässigkeit bei einer ausgewählten Wellenlänge von der jeweiligen Ionenkonzentration abhängig, ist einsetzbar.Instead of a fluorescent dye there are also other dyes whose light transmission at a selected wavelength depends on the respective ion concentration applicable.
Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung ermöglichen den Ersatz von Tierversuchen in der pharmazeutischen Forschung, z. B. im Wirkstoff bzw. Toxizitätsscreening, die individualspezifische Therapieoptimierung hinsichtlich einer Medikamenten-Dosis- und Kombinationsoptimierung unter Nutzung patienteneigener Zellen sowie Schadstoffuntersuchungen im Umweltbereich und in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie.The method and the device enable the replacement of animal experiments in the pharmaceutical research, e.g. B. in the drug or toxicity screening, the individual-specific therapy optimization with regard to a drug dose and Combination optimization using the patient's own cells as well Pollutant testing in the environmental and food industries.
1 mg des Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs (SNARF®-1 dextran, Calcium Green™-1 dextran oder 5(and6)chlormethyl SNARF-1) werden in 20 µl HBS (HEPES-gepufferte Salzlösung [12]) gelöst und mit 980 µl der Lösung eines biokompatiblen Polymers (2 mg/ml Collagen oder 0,01% Polylysin) versetzt. Sterile Deckgläschen (Durchmesser 42 mm, Dicke 0,17 mm) werden mit 80 µl der farbstoffhaltigen Polymerlösungen beschichtet und getrocknet.1 mg of the fluorescent dye (SNARF®-1 dextran, Calcium Green ™ -1 dextran or 5 (and6) chloromethyl SNARF-1) are dissolved in 20 µl HBS (HEPES-buffered saline solution [12]) dissolved and with 980 µl of the solution of a biocompatible polymer (2 mg / ml collagen or 0.01% polylysine) added. Sterile cover glasses (diameter 42 mm, thickness 0.17 mm) are coated with 80 ul of the dye-containing polymer solutions and dried.
Adhärente, polare Zellen (z. B. Linsenepithelzellen aus Rinderaugen, CHO-Zellen) werden auf Deckgläschen gemäß 1. eingesät (50000 Zellen/ml) und 24 h bei 37°C vorkultiviert.Adherent, polar cells (e.g. lens epithelial cells from bovine eyes, CHO cells) are opened Cover glasses according to 1. sown (50000 cells / ml) and pre-cultivated for 24 h at 37 ° C.
Die Fluoreszenzmessungen erfolgen am Laser Scanning Mikroskop (LSM 410, Zeiss). Anregungs- und Emissionswellenlänge(n) richten sich nach den Erfordernissen des gewählten Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs (für SNARF®-1 dextran ist λexc = 488 nm und λem = 525/660 nm, für Calcium Green™-1 dextran ist λexc = 488 nm und λem = 535 nm. Im Falle des SNARF®-1 dextran wird das Verhältnis beider Fluoreszenzintensitäten zur pH-Bestimmung verwendet (Dual Emission Dye) [10].The fluorescence measurements are carried out on the laser scanning microscope (LSM 410, Zeiss). The excitation and emission wavelength (s) depend on the requirements of the chosen fluorescent dye (for SNARF®-1 dextran λ exc = 488 nm and λ em = 525/660 nm, for Calcium Green ™ -1 dextran λ exc = 488 nm and λ em = 535 nm. In the case of the SNARF®-1 dextran, the ratio of both fluorescence intensities is used for pH determination (dual emission dye) [10].
Nach Zugabe von NH4Cl (final 10 mmol/l) zur Zellkultur verändern sich die Fluoreszenzintensitäten und damit die pH-Werte wie in den Fig. 1 bis 4 beschrieben.After adding NH 4 Cl (final 10 mmol / l) to the cell culture, the fluorescence intensities and thus the pH values change as described in FIGS. 1 to 4.
Nach Zugabe von Fettsäuren (final 25 µmol/l) verändern sich die Fluoreszenzintensitäten und damit die pH-Werte wie in den Fig. 5 und 6 beschrieben.After adding fatty acids (final 25 µmol / l), the fluorescence intensities and thus the pH values change as described in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Nach Zugabe von Calciumchlorid (final 10 mmol/l) steigt die extrazelluläre Calciumkonzentration, was aus dem Anstieg der Fluoreszenzintensität hervorgeht (Fig. 7).After adding calcium chloride (final 10 mmol / l), the extracellular calcium concentration increases, which is evident from the increase in the fluorescence intensity ( FIG. 7).
Nach Zugabe von Calcimycin in EGTA-haltigem HBS wird das Calcium sowohl aus der polymeren Matrix als auch im basolateralen Bereich entfernt (Fig. 8).After adding calcimycin in EGTA-containing HBS, the calcium is removed both from the polymer matrix and in the basolateral region ( FIG. 8).
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Fig. 1 CHO-Zellen auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: SNARF®-1 dextran Im zellfreien Bereich (○) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von NH4Cl (→) an, was einer Verringerung des pH-Wertes entspricht. Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) erfolgt keine Veränderung. Fig. 1 CHO cells on collagen, fluorescent dye: SNARF®-1 dextran In the cell-free area (○) the ratio of fluorescence intensities increases after addition of NH 4 Cl (→), which corresponds to a reduction in the pH value. There is no change in the basolateral area of the cells (⚫).
Fig. 2 CHO-Zellen auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: 5(and6)chlormethyl SNARF®-1 Im zellfreien Bereich (○) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von NH4Cl (→) an, was einer Verringerung des pH-Wertes entspricht. Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) erfolgt keine Veränderung. Fig. 2 CHO cells on collagen, fluorescent dye: 5 (and6) chloromethyl SNARF®-1 In the cell-free area (○) the ratio of the fluorescence intensities increases after addition of NH 4 Cl (→), which corresponds to a reduction in the pH value . There is no change in the basolateral area of the cells (⚫).
Fig. 3 bLEC auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: 5(and6)chlormethyl SNARF®-1 Im zellfreien Bereich (○) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von NH4Cl (→) an, was einer Verringerung des pH-Wertes entspricht. Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) erfolgt keine Veränderung. Fig. 3 BLEC to collagen fluorescent dye 5 (and6) chloromethyl SNARF®-1 in the cell-free region (○), the ratio of the fluorescence intensities rises after the addition of NH to 4 Cl (→), which corresponds to a reduction of the pH value. There is no change in the basolateral area of the cells (⚫).
Fig. 4 bLEC auf Poly-L-Lysin, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: SNARF®-1 dextran Im zellfreien Bereich (○) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von NH4Cl (→) an, was einer Verringerung des pH-Wertes entspricht. Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) erfolgt keine Veränderung. Fig. 4 bLEC on poly-L-lysine, fluorescent dye: SNARF®-1 dextran In the cell-free area (○) the ratio of the fluorescence intensities increases after addition of NH 4 Cl (→), which corresponds to a reduction in the pH value. There is no change in the basolateral area of the cells (⚫).
Fig. 5 bLEC auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: SNARF®-1 dextran Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von Ölsäure (→) an, was einer Verringerung des pH-Wertes entspricht. Im zellfreien Bereich (○) erfolgt keine Veränderung. Fig. 5 bLEC on collagen, fluorescent dye: SNARF®-1 dextran In the basolateral area of the cells (⚫) the ratio of the fluorescence intensities increases after adding oleic acid (→), which corresponds to a reduction in the pH value. There is no change in the cell-free area (○).
Fig. 6 bLEC auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: SNARF®-1 dextran Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) steigt das Verhältnis der Fluoreszenzintensitäten nach Zugabe von Linolsäure (→) Stärker an, als im zellfreien Bereich (○). Fig. 6 bLEC on collagen, fluorescent dye: SNARF®-1 dextran In the basolateral area of the cells (⚫) the ratio of the fluorescence intensities increases after adding linoleic acid (→) more than in the cell-free area (○).
Fig. 7 bLEC auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff: Calcium Green™-1 dextran Im zellfreien Bereich (○) steigt die Fluoreszenzintensität nach Zugabe von CaCl2 (→) an, was einer Erhöhung der Calciumkonzentration entspricht. Im basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) erfolgt nur eine geringe Veränderung. Fig. 7 BLEC to collagen fluorescent dye: Calcium Green ™ -1 dextran in the cell-free region (○), the fluorescence intensity increases after the addition of CaCl 2 (→), which corresponds to an increase in the calcium concentration. In the basolateral area of the cells (⚫) there is only a slight change.
Fig. 8 bLEC auf Collagen, Fluoreszenzfarbstoff Calcium Green™-1 dextran Aus dem zellfreien Bereich (○) als auch aus dem basolateralen Bereich der Zellen (⚫) wird nach Zugabe von Calcimycin (→) Calcium entfernt. Die Fluoreszenzintesität sinkt auf ein Minimum. Fig. 8 bLEC on collagen, fluorescent dye Calcium Green ™ -1 dextran Calcium is removed from the cell-free area (○) and from the basolateral area of the cells (⚫) after adding calcimycin (→). The fluorescence intensity drops to a minimum.
Fig. 9 Geometrie der Meßanordnung Fig. 9 geometry of the measuring arrangement
Fig. 10 Aufbau einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Durchflußmeßzelle Fig. 10 structure of a continuously operating flow measuring cell
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DE102005022045A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-16 | Rwth Aachen | Fermentation process and arrangement for its implementation |
US8921093B2 (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2014-12-30 | Biocer Entwicklungs Gmbh | Arrangement for on-line measurements on cells |
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