DD229712A5 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING OXIDICAL MATERIAL AT THE CIRCULAR PRODUCTION OF A GAS SUITABLE FOR RECEIVING HEAT ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and apparatus for the reduction of oxidic material with simultaneous generation of a gas suitable for the recovery of heat energy. A reducing gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced from carbonaceous or hydrogen-containing material in a special shaft-shaped gas generator by means of heat energy from at least one plasma generator. The reducing gas thus prepared is, optionally after desulfurization and after adjusting its temperature, introduced into a reduction shaft furnace containing the oxidic material. The partially consumed reducing gas, which is removed from the shaft furnace, is freed from water and dust-like particles, whereupon a partial flow of the circulating gas is utilized for the recovery of heat energy and another partial flow is fed to the process again. Fig. 1

Description

A method according to any one of items 1 to 18, characterized in that a carbon carrier such as methane, methanol and / or propane is added to control the carburizing potential of the generated reducing gas and to counteract methanation.

20. The method according to any one of items 1 to 18, characterized in that H ₂ S is supplied as an antidote to soot deposits.

21. The method according to any one of items 1 to 18, characterized in that the reducing gas is generated by means of a two-stage gasification in which the starting material is partially burned and at least partially gasified in a gasification chamber (29), whereupon the gas mixture in a one bed of carbonaceous material containing chunk material (30) of the gas generator (31) is introduced and that the physical heat content of the mixture from the gasification chamber (29) is utilized in the bed of carbonaceous lumpy material to the content of carbon dioxide and water in the gas wherein the gas generating process is controlled such that the withdrawn gas has a temperature and composition suitable for a subsequent process step.

22. Device for the reduction of oxidic material while generating a for the recovery of

Heat energy of suitable gas for carrying out the method according to item 1, characterized by a gas generator (11, 31) for reducing gas with a reaction chamber (29), at least one plasma generator (10, 37) with mouth located in the bottom of the reaction chamber (29) in that a shaft furnace (1) connected to the gas generator (11; 31) optionally via a sulfur filter (22) containing the oxidic material to be reduced has a gas outlet (4) arranged in the upper part of this shaft furnace (1), one next to said gas outlet (4) arranged separators (5) for separating water and dust-like particles from the scrubbed gas stream and a subsequent gas outlet (6) for the delivery of heat energy suitable gas and a main return line (7; 14) for at least a partial flow of this gas Gas generator (11; 31) and / or for temperature control of the gas generated in the gas generator (11; 31) reducing gas.

23. Device according to item 22, characterized in that additional gas outlets (23, 23a, 23b) are arranged in the lines (14; 18; 21) between the gas generator (11; 31) and the shaft furnace (1).

24. Device according to item 22, characterized in that the main return line (7; 14) is provided with at least one compressor (8).

25. Device according to any one of items 22 to 24, characterized in that the main return line (7; 14) is connected to the upper part of the gas generator (11; 31) via first branch lines (17,18).

26. Device according to any one of items 22 to 25, characterized in that the main return line (7) is connected via a branch line (15) to the reaction zone in the lower part of the gas generator (11;

Device according to any one of items 22 to 26, characterized in that the main return line (7) is connected to the inlet of the plasma generator (10; 37) via a branch line (15a).

Apparatus according to any of items 22 to 27, characterized in that the plasma generator (10; 37) is connected to a supply of oxidant for the direct passage of the optionally preheated oxidant through the plasma generator (10; 37) into the reaction zone.

Device according to any one of items 22 to 28, characterized in that the gas generator (11; 31) has a slag outlet (13; 34).

Device according to any one of items 22 to 27, characterized in that the gas generator (11; 31) receives a bed of carbonaceous particulate material, optionally with sulfur acceptors.

31. Device according to any one of items 22 to 30, characterized in that the gas line between the gas generator (11; 31) and the sulfur filter (22) is connected via a pipe (18) to a partial flow (17) of circulating gas.

32. Device according to any one of items 22 to 31, characterized in that the reducing gas line (21; 3) between the sulfur separator (22) and the gas inlet of the reduction shaft furnace (1) to a temperature-regulating partial gas flow (19) via a cooling means in the form of a mixing chamber (20) is connectable.

33. Device according to item 32, characterized in that for heating the partial flow to recirculated gas in the mixing chamber (20) heat exchangers are arranged in the top gas return line.

34. Device according to any one of items 22 to 33, characterized in that in the feed line (3) opens a supply line (24) for water and / or water vapor.

35. Device according to any one of items 22 to 34, characterized in that a supply line (25) for a carbon carrier z. As methane, propane and / or methanol in the feed line (3) opens.

36. Device according to any one of items 22 to 35, characterized in that a supply line (26) for H ₂ S opens into the feed line (3).

Device according to any one of items 22 to 36, characterized in that it comprises bleed means (6; 23; 23a; 23b) for partial flows usable, for example, as fuel gas.

For this 2 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a process for the reduction of oxidic material while simultaneously producing a gas suitable for the recovery of thermal energy and to a device for carrying out the process.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

There is no further details as to how the reduction of oxidic material using reduction shaft furnaces has hitherto been carried out.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to provide an optimal reduction process in terms of process technology and energy utilization, which has a particularly easily controllable gas generating system, by which at the same time a simple and direct removal of the reducing gas originally used for the reduction of the oxidic material to generate heat energy is possible and is so flexible that a suitable partial flow of the reducing gas originally used for the reduction of the oxidic material can be reused to produce fresh reducing gas.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a device that enables a process in the desired manner.

Characterized the inventive method for the reduction of oxidic material while producing a suitable for the recovery of heat energy gas essentially characterized in that

a) a reducing gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is prepared from a carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbonaceous starting material, this starting material is introduced together with an oxidizing agent and optionally also a slag forming in a gasification zone or a gasification chamber while simultaneously supplying heat energy from at least one plasma generator becomes;

b) the reducing gas thus prepared is brought to a temperature suitable for the subsequent reduction process and then introduced into a reduction shaft furnace containing the oxidic material to be reduced, this gas being passed in countercurrent to the oxidic material;

c) substantially all of the water and dust-like particles are removed from the reducing gas, which is partially consumed after reduction of the oxidic material in view of its reducing ability and contains oxidizing constituents, preferably carbon dioxide and water and dust-like particles;

d) at least a partial flow of the thus treated circulating gas is withdrawn from the system for the purpose of recovering heat energy and the remaining partial flow is supplied to the process again.

The oxidant used expediently consists of oxygen and / or water and / or air and / or circulating gas, which is supplied to the gasification process in whole or in part by a plasma generator.

Preferably, the carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbonaceous starting material is used to produce the reducing gas in powder and / or liquid form and / or particulate form.

According to the invention, the combustion zone is expediently formed in the lower region of a shaft-shaped gas generator filled in solid form with carbonaceous material.

According to the present invention, a partial flow of the partially spent gas containing CO _{2 is} taken from the reduction shaft furnace and introduced into the particulate matter filled inflator from above and at a suitable distance from the combustion zone to utilize the heat in the pit fill to recover H ₂ O in H ₂ + CO and convert the carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide. A partial flow of this recycle stream of spent reducing gas from the shaft furnace may also be used as a carrier gas for the introduction of a powdered carbonaceous material and / or slag former together optionally with sulfur acceptors immediately prior to the plasma generator.

A partial flow of this recycle stream of spent reducing gas from the shaft furnace is also used as a carrier gas for the thermal energy supplied by the plasma generator.

Conveniently, the reducing gas produced in the gas generator is freed of any sulfur contaminants by introducing suitable sulfur acceptors into the well fill and / or by passing the withdrawn gas through a sulfur filter. Alternatively, sulfur acceptors can also be blown into the gasification zone.

According to another proposal of the invention, the temperature of the reducing gas taken from the combustion zone of the gas generator is controlled to a final temperature of between 700 and 1000 ° C,

a) by being mixed with such an amount of the partially used reduction gas from the reduction shaft furnace and / or

b) is subjected to cooling and / or

c) it is added to such an amount of water and / or water vapor that the desired temperature is reached.

If only a small amount of this partially consumed reducing gas is used for the temperature control, this partially spent reducing gas is cooled as it passes through the gas scrubber located immediately behind the gas outlet in the upper part of the reduction shaft furnace, so that the desired final gas mixture temperature is readily achievable. However, if a large reflux is mixed with the freshly generated reducing gas, this reflux is conveniently heated prior to mixing with the reducing gas using, for example, a plasma generator.

Preferably, the reducing gas is produced by means of a two-stage gasification in which the starting material is partially burned and at least partially gasified in a gasification chamber, whereupon the gas mixture is introduced into a shaft containing a bed of carbonaceous, particulate material and that the physical heat content of the mixture of the Gasification chamber is exploited in the bed of carbonaceous lumpy material to reduce the content of carbon dioxide and water in the gas, wherein the gas generating process is controlled so that the withdrawn gas has a suitable temperature and composition for a subsequent process step.

-5- 699 88

A device according to the invention for carrying out the method is essentially characterized by a gas generator for reducing gas with a reaction chamber, at least one plasma generator with an opening located in the bottom of the reaction chamber, a shaft furnace connected to the generator, optionally via a sulfur filter, which contains the oxidic material to be reduced, a gas outlet disposed in the upper part of said shaft furnace, a separator disposed adjacent said gas outlet for separating water and dusty particles from the scrubbed gas stream and a subsequent gas outlet for discharging heat energy recoverable gas and a main return line for at least a partial flow of said gas to said gas generator and / or for controlling the temperature of the reducing gas generated in the gas generator.

According to the invention, additional gas outlets are arranged in the lines between the gas generator and the shaft furnace.

The main return line is provided with at least one compressor. It is connected via branch lines to the upper part of the gas generator. Furthermore, it is connected via a branch line to the reaction zone in the lower part of the gas generator and via a further branch line to the inlet of the plasma generator.

The plasma generator is connected to a supply of oxidant for the direct passage of the optionally preheated oxidant through the plasma generator into the reaction zone.

The gas generator is provided with a slag outlet. It is intended to receive a bed of carbonaceous particulate material, optionally with sulfur acceptors.

The gas line between the gas generator and the sulfur filter is connected via a pipeline to a partial flow of circulating gas.

The reducing gas line is connectable between the sulfur separator and the gas inlet of the reduction shaft furnace to a temperature-regulating partial gas flow via a cooling device in the form of a mixing chamber.

For heating the partial flow to recirculated gas in the mixing chamber, heat exchangers are arranged in the top gas return line.

In the feed line to the reduction shaft furnace opens a supply line for water and / or water vapor and a supply line for a carbon carrier, eg. As methane, propane and / or methanol and a supply line for H ₂ S.

The device according to the invention has bleed devices for partial flows, which can be used, for example, as fuel gas.

embodiment

The invention is explained below with reference to two examples.

In the attached drawing show:

1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention with a single-stage gas generator; 2 shows a schematic representation of a modified embodiment of the device according to the invention with a two-stage gas generator.

The device according to FIG. 1 has a reduction shaft furnace 1 for the reduction of oxidic, lumpy material. This shaft furnace T has a charging device 2 for introducing oxidic, lumpy material to be reduced. At the bottom of the shaft furnace 1 is an inlet line 3 for hot reducing gas, which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, said gas is passed in countercurrent through the shaft furnace 1 and then removed through an upper outlet conduit 4. This outlet line 4 is connected to a separator 5 for dust-like particles and water, a so-called gas scrubber, from which the freed of water and dust particles and simultaneously cooled gas flows to an outlet 6, while a residual partial flow through a main return line 7 for re-use in the process is returned, as will be described later. The withdrawn at the outlet 6 gas can be used for example as a fuel gas. At least one plasma generator 10 discharges into a shaft-shaped gas generator 11. A lance 12 for supplying gas generating material also opens into this gas generator 11, while an outlet 13 is provided at the bottom of the gas generator 11. From the main return line 7 is a second main line 14, which is mainly intended for the supply of circulating gas, which is free of carbon dioxide and to be mixed with the freshly generated reducing gas to control its temperature. Via branch lines 15a; 15, the line 14 is further connectable to the input of the plasma generator 10 or with the interior of its housing in front of the plasma generator 10. Conveniently, a compressor 8a is arranged in the line 15a.

In principle, this arrangement offers the following functional conveniences:

Via a first branch line 16, the line 14 can be connected to the upper region of the gas generator 11; the main return line 7 can be connected via additional branch lines 15 and 15a with the gasification zone in the lower region of the gas generator 11, ie. Recirculating gas may be fed in before the plasma generator 10 through the conduit 15 and after compression in the compressor 8a via the conduit 15a behind the plasma generator 10 to pass through it; via a further branch line 17, the line 14 with the gas generator 11 removed reducing gas, which leaves the upper part of the gas generator 11 via an outlet 18, are connected, and via a further branch line 19, the conduit 14 via a mixing chamber 20 with the from a Sulfur filter 22 are connected via a line 21 effluent reducing gas, and finally the line 14 can be connected to the reducing gas line 21 immediately before the entry of the reducing gas into the reduction shaft furnace 1. In this way, the CO ₂ content in the circulation gas can be controlled properly.

In the conduit 18, a gas outlet 23 b for removal z. As provided by export gas, and also a gas outlet 23a in the line 21 and another gas outlet 23 in the supply line 3 to the reduction shaft furnace 1. A feed line 9 for the oxidizing agent, for example in the form of oxygen and / or water and / or air, is directly to the plasma generator 10, optionally after preheating, connected, this oxidizing agent of the reaction zone in the bottom of the gas generator 11 can be supplied.

-6- 699

The device described above and shown in Fig. 1 operates in principle as follows:

The reducing gas for the reduction of the oxidic material in the shaft furnace 1, which is introduced into the same via the inlet line is generated in principle in the gas generator 11 by a carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbon-containing starting material together with oxidizing agent and optionally with slag forming a combustion zone in the lower part of the gas generator 11 is supplied while heat energy is supplied via at least one plasma generator 10 at the same time. The reducing gas produced in this way is then brought in principle to a suitable for the subsequent reduction of the oxidic material in the shaft furnace 1 temperature and injected into the shaft furnace 1 in countercurrent to the material to be reduced. After reduction of the oxide material, the reducing gas contains oxidizing components such as carbon dioxide and water and dust-like particles and is therefore partially consumed in its reducing ability. The reducing gas is withdrawn through the gas outlet line 4 from the gout of the reduction shaft furnace 1 and then freed of water and dust-like particles in the gas scrubber 5. The gas thus treated in the gas scrubber 5, which is simultaneously cooled thereby, can then be taken out of the system via the gas outlet pipe 6 as desired and used for the recovery of heat energy, for example in the form of fuel gas. At the same time, the remaining partial flow of this gas can be supplied to the process through the return line 7 again, that is, it can be used again for the production of reducing gas. The gas generation in the shaft-shaped gas generator 11 can be achieved in various ways. Powdery and / or liquid carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbonaceous feedstock may be injected into the gasification zone, for example, through a feed line 12, in which case oxidants such as oxygen or water vapor may be introduced into the reaction zone through the plasma generator 10. Recirculating gas may be supplied to the gasification zone upstream of plasma torch 10 via line 15, or the gas may be supplied through plasma generator 10 via line 15a. The carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbonaceous starting material may also be supplied in particulate form via the gout of the gas generator 11, so that the gasification zone is produced in the lower part of the gas generator 11 filled with solid carbonaceous material in particulate form. Conveniently, 11 coke is used as a carbonaceous filling of the gas generator. In addition, water or a part of the partially consumed reducing gas, which has been withdrawn from the reduction shaft furnace 1 via the line 7 and the branch line 16, may also be introduced into the gas generator 11, which in this case is filled with lumpy reducing material. In this case, as a result, the gas is introduced over the gasification zone itself and at a suitable distance from it, exploiting the heat of the pit filling to convert H ₂ O to H ₂ + CO and carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

The generation of gas in the gas generator 11 can also be achieved by injecting pulverulent, carbonaceous material optionally with sulfur acceptors and / or slag formers by means of water or steam or a carrier gas consisting of partially consumed reducing gas of a substream taken from the reduction shaft furnace 1, or from oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and water vapor. The reducing gas generated in the gas generator 11 may be desulphurized by, for example, adding an appropriate sulfur acceptor to the well fill or by injecting sulfur acceptors into the gasification zone or by supplying the gas generated in the gas generator 11 to a sulfur separation filter 22 via the outlet conduit 18. Any remaining sulfur impurities are absorbed by the metal oxide which is reduced in the lower part of the reduction shaft furnace 1.

The reducing gas is generally maintained at a temperature range of 1,000 to 1,500 ^cC . However, such a hot reducing gas can not be used directly for reduction in the reduction shaft furnace 1, so that its temperature must be lowered considerably before it is introduced into the shaft furnace 1. This can be done in various ways within the scope of the invention.

For example, the reducing gas flowing out of the gas generator 11 can be mixed via line 18 with a suitable partial flow of circulating gas. This is done via line 14, so that the temperature of the gas mixture is between 700 and 1000 ⁰ C. Alternatively, this mixing with a partial stream of the recycled from the reduction shaft furnace 1 gas can be achieved in that the reducing gas after passing through the sulfur filter 22, that is mixed on its way from the line 14 to the line 3. If a small partial flow of recycle gas from the line is used, this should be sufficient to effect the desired cooling of the generated reducing gas. However, if an excessive amount of circulating gas is added to the reducing gas, such a large flow should preferably be heated to the exact temperature in the mixing chamber 20. This heating can be done for example by means of a plasma generator.

The temperature setting can also be achieved by passing a partial flow of the gas generated through lines 21 and 19 through a mixing chamber 20 acting as a cooler.

In addition, the required temperature adjustment can also take place at least partially by the supply of water and / or water vapor via a supply line 24. This measure also prevents the formation of soot deposits. In order to control the carburizing potential of the generated reducing gas and to prevent methanation, suitable carbonaceous materials such as methane, methanol and / or propane may be supplied via line 25

Soot deposits can also be counteracted by H ₂ S being blown in via line 26.

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An important feature of the invention is that the CO ₂ content in the recycle gas used to control the temperature of the reducing gas can be continuously controlled by the CO ₂ scrubber.

The above-described generation of reducing gas in the shaft-like gas generator 11 can also be performed by a two-stage gasification, as shown in FIG.

The gas generation according to the invention offers important technical advantages. Gas generation may be carried out at temperatures such that the ash forms an easily handled slag, which is discharged without causing clogging problems in the process. The hydrogen content in the reducing gas may be controlled to a percentage suitable for the reduction process by controlled blowing of water and / or oxygen in the gas generating stage and in the temperature control stage. Also in terms of energy consumption, an optimal reduction process and a conveniently controllable gas generating system is realized. The control of the proportions of H ₂ O and CO ₂ in the line 3 can consequently be carried out in such a way that the flow in the lines 14 to 18 and 21 and 3 and also in the line 24 is adjusted.

As already mentioned, the desulphurisation can also be installed directly in the gas generator instead of by means of a special sulfur filter, for example by providing the coke bed with suitable material or by blowing suitable material into the gasification zone.

The modified embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Figure 2 has instead of the single-stage gas generator 11 of FIG. 1, a two-stage gas generator 31. The device is otherwise constructed according to the same principles as the device shown in FIG.

2 has a gasification chamber 29 and a shaft 30 filled with a coke bed.

The gasification chamber 29 has a water-cooled outer casing 32 and a refractory lining 33 and is preferably formed substantially cylindrical. Preferably, a plurality of gasification chambers are also arranged around the shaft 30.

The shaft 30 has a lower slag outlet 34 and an upper gas outlet 35. Coke in particulate form is fed to the shaft 30 through a gas-tight feed 36 at the top. The mouth of the gasification chamber 29 is located in the lower part of the shaft 30, and the gas flows through the coke bed upwards and out of the shaft 30 through the gas outlet 35. In the illustrated embodiment, the slag outlet 34 is used for the gasification chamber 29 and the shaft 30 together.

In connection with the gasification chamber 29, at least one burner is provided, which consists of a plasma generator 37 in the illustrated embodiment. The plasma generator 37 is connected to the gasification chamber 29 through a valve 38. Oxidant is passed into the plasma generator 37 through a feed line 9 or can also be introduced in front of the plasma generator 37 through a feed line 39. The oxidizing agent may also consist of a carrier gas, which is passed through the plasma generator 37, or from a circulating gas, which is supplied through the line 15 a. The hot turbulent gas which is generated in the plasma generator 37 passes through the mouth 40 of the plasma generator 37 into the gasification chamber 29. The carbonaceous fuel, preferably in powder form, is injected through a feed line 41 into an annular space 42 concentrically around the mouth of the Plasma generator 37 is formed, and / or by a lance 43, which can also be used for the supply of additional charges such as slag.

In addition, lances 44 and 45 are provided in the shaft, through which optional further oxidizing agents such as H ₂ O, CO ₂ can be added to exploit the physical excess heat in the gas. This also allows the temperature and composition of the gas to be controlled.

At the outlet of the gasification chamber 29, a first sensor 46 is arranged, while a second sensor 47 in the gas outlet 35 of the shaft 30 is seated. These sensors 46; 47 are used to measure the temperature and / or analysis of the gas. These two sensors 46; 47 give the opportunity to control the process by controlling the supplied external energy and / or the supplied material streams.

Fig. 2 shows only one embodiment of a suitable two-stage gas generator in a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention, with many other solutions are also grateful. For example, the plasma generators 10; 37 are arranged tangentially around the circumference of the gasification chamber 29, so that in the gasification chamber 29, a circulating flow is achieved. In addition, for facilitating slag separation, the gasification chamber 29 may be arranged vertically, or the gasification chamber 29 and the shaft 30 may be provided with separate slag outlets.

In the two-stage gasifier of FIG. 2, the feedstock is partially combusted or at least partially gasified in the gasification chamber 29, and the mixture thus obtained is introduced into a well 30 containing a bed of carbonaceous material in particulate form. The physical heat content of the gas mixture, which comes from the gasification chamber 29, is thereby exploited in the coke bed to reduce the content of carbon dioxide and water in the gas. In this way, the gas generating process can be controlled so that the effluent gas having a readily compatible with the subsequent process step temperature and composition.

The hot carrier gas coming from the plasma generator 37 expediently receives a rotary motion before it is introduced into the gasification chamber 29, and the pulverulent carbonaceous fuel can be introduced concentrically around the hot gas stream which flows into the gasification chamber 29. Characterized in that the material in the gasification chamber 29 receives a rotational movement, there is a protective layer of slag on the inner walls of the gasification chamber 29th

Naturally, the invention is by no means intended to the above-described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways. For example, to generate gas by preheating the oxidant from the outside heat energy can be supplied.

Claims (18)

-2- 699 Invention claims: 1. A process for the reduction of oxidic material with simultaneous production of a gas suitable for the recovery of heat energy, characterized in that a) a reducing gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is prepared from a carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbonaceous starting material, said starting material together with an oxidizing agent and optionally also a slag forming agent in a gasification zone or a gasification chamber (29) is introduced, while at the same heat energy of at least a plasma generator (10, 37) is supplied; b) the reducing gas thus prepared is brought to a temperature suitable for the subsequent reduction process and then introduced into a reduction shaft furnace (1) containing the oxidic material to be reduced, this gas being passed in countercurrent to the oxidic material; c) substantially all of the water and dust-like particles are removed from the reducing gas, which is partially consumed after reduction of the oxidic material in view of its reducing ability and contains oxidizing constituents, preferably carbon dioxide and water, and dust-like particles; d) at least a partial flow of the thus treated circulating gas is withdrawn from the system for the purpose of recovering heat energy and the remaining partial flow is re-fed to the process. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that a partial stream of the introduction into the reduction shaft furnace (1) produced reducing gas is withdrawn from the system for the purpose of recovery of heat energy or for use as synthesis gas. 3. The method according to item 1, characterized in that oxygen and / or water and / or air and / or circulating gas is used as the oxidizing agent for the gas production and the reaction zone is supplied in whole or in part by the plasma generator (10; 4. Method according to item 3, characterized in that the oxidizing agent supplied by the plasma generator (10; 37) is preheated before it enters the plasma generator (10; 37). 5. The method according to any of items 1 to 4, characterized in that the carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbon-containing starting material for producing the reducing gas in powder form and / or liquid form and / or particulate form is used. A method according to any one of items 1 to 5, characterized in that the combustion zone is formed in the lower part of a shaft-shaped inflator (11; 31) filled with solid carbonaceous material in particulate form. 7. The method according to item 6, characterized in that coke is used as the carbonaceous filling of the shaft (30) of the gas generator (11; A method according to any one of items 1 to 7, characterized in that water or a partial flow of the partially spent reducing gas in the chimney - filled reducing material (30) of the gas generator (11, 31) is maintained at and above a suitable distance from the gas generator Combustion zone is introduced to exploit the heat in the pit filling for the conversion of H ₂ O in H ₂ + CO and the carbon dioxide in carbon monoxide. A method according to any one of items 1 to 8, characterized in that powdered carbonaceous material and / or slag former together with optional sulfur acceptors is injected into the system immediately before the plasma generator (10; 37) by means of water or steam or a carrier gas; which consists of a partial flow of the partially used reduction gas or of oxygen or air, which were withdrawn from the reduction shaft furnace (1). 10. The method according to any of items 1 to 9, characterized in that optionally additional oxidizing agent for generating the reducing gas and optionally also slag formers and / or sulfur acceptors in the reaction zone in front of the plasma generator (10, 37) are introduced. A process according to any one of items 1 to 10, characterized in that a mixture of carbonaceous particulate material and a suitable sulfur acceptor is used as a well fill over the combustion zone. A method according to any one of items 1 to 11, characterized in that the generated reducing gas is desulphurized before being introduced into the reduction shaft furnace (1). 13. The method according to any one of items 1 to 12, characterized in that the temperature of the reaction gas is maintained within a temperature range of 1 000 to 1 500 ° C. 14. A method according to any one of items 1 to 13, characterized in that the temperature of the generated reducing gas is controlled to 700 to 1,000 ° C, preferably 825 ° C, before being introduced into the reduction shaft furnace (1). 15. The method according to item 13, characterized in that the temperature of the gas generator (11, 31) leaving the hot reducing gas is possibly controlled by its desulfurization by a) such an amount of the partially consumed reducing gas, which was taken from the reduction shaft furnace (1) is admixed and / or b) the hot reducing gas is cooled and / or c) is added such an amount of water and / or water vapor that the final temperature of the gas from 700 to 1000 ^c C. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding points, characterized in that a large partial flow is heated to recirculated top gas of the reduction shaft furnace (1) for the purpose of controlling the temperature of the reducing gas before its addition to the reducing gas. 17. The method according to item 16, characterized in that the heating is carried out by means of heat exchangers (20) in the top gas supply line. 18. The method according to any one of Puntke 1 to 17, characterized in that the recirculated partial flow of spent reducing gas from the reduction shaft furnace (1) by means of at least one compressor (8) is brought to the pressure required for the process.