DD206607A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS - Google Patents
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS Download PDFInfo
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- DD206607A1 DD206607A1 DD24078682A DD24078682A DD206607A1 DD 206607 A1 DD206607 A1 DD 206607A1 DD 24078682 A DD24078682 A DD 24078682A DD 24078682 A DD24078682 A DD 24078682A DD 206607 A1 DD206607 A1 DD 206607A1
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Abstract
DIE ERFINDUNG BETRIFFT EIN VERFAHREN UND EINE VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESEITIGUNG VON INTERFERENZEFFEKTEN BEI DER HERSTELLUNG VON INTEGRIERTEN HALBLEITERSCHALTUNGEN AUF FOTORESISTSCHICHTEN MITTELS MONOCHROMATISCHEN LICHTES, WOBEI WAEHREND DER BELICHTUNG EINE LICHTDURCHLAESSIGE HILFSSCHICHT, BESTEHEND AUS EINER FLUESSIGKEIT ODER KLARLACKSCHICHT MIT EINEM DER BELICHTUNGSWELLENLAENGE LAMDA UNTEN S ANGEPASSTEN BERECHNUNGSINDEX, EINGESETZT WIRD, DIE NACH DER BELICHTUNG ENTFERNT WIRD. DIE DICKE DER SCHICHT BETRAEGT ERFINDUNGSGEMAESS D > PROPORTIONAL LAMBA HOCH 2 DURCH 2N HOCH 2 DELTA LAMBA MITTELS EINER ZUGEHOERIGEN VORRICHTUNG WIRD DIE FLUESSIGKEIT VON EINEM VORRATSGEFAESS DIREKT DEM OBJEKTIV SO ZUGEFUERHT, DASS SIE ZWISCHEN DER UNTERKANTE DER VORRICHTUNG UND DER RESISTOBERFLAECHE EIN GESCHLOSSENES SYSTEM BILDET. DAS ANWENDUNGSGEBIET ERSTRECKT SICH VORZUGSWEISE AUF DAS GEBIET DER MIKROLITHOGRAFIE.THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR REMOVING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF INTEGRATED SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS ON PHOTO RESIST LAYERS BY monochromatic light, WITH DURING THE EXPOSURE A translucent AUXILIARY LAYER COMPRISING A LIQUID OR clear coat WITH THE BELICHTUNGSWELLENLAENGE LAMDA DOWN S ADJUSTED CALCULATION INDEX IS USED WHICH IS REMOVED AFTER EXPOSURE. THE THICKNESS OF THE LAYER IS PLANNED BY THE PROPORTIONAL LAMBA HIGH 2 BY 2N HIGH 2 DELTA LAMBA BY MEANS OF AN APPROPRIATE DEVICE, THE FLUIDITY OF A STORAGE HAZARD IS DIRECTLY AFFECTED TO THE LENS THAT IT CONSTITUTES A CLOSED SYSTEM BETWEEN THE LOWER EDGE OF THE DEVICE AND THE RESISTIVE SURFACE. THE FIELD OF APPLICATION IS PREFERRED TO THE FIELD OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY.
Description
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Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von InterferenzeffektenMethod and apparatus for eliminating interference effects
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Interferenzeffekten bei . der monochromatischen, dioptrischen Projektionsabbildung sowie der Justierung von Maskenstrukturen auf mit Fotoresist beschichteten Halbleiterscheiben zur Herstellung von integrierten Halbleiterschaltungen·The invention relates to a method and a device for eliminating interference effects. of monochromatic, dioptric projection imaging and the adjustment of mask structures on photoresist-coated semiconductor wafers for the production of semiconductor integrated circuits
Zur Übertragung von Maskenstrukturen auf Halbleiterscheiben für die Herstellung von integrierten Halbleiterschaltungen werden in zunehmendem Maße optische Projektionsverfahren eingesetzt. Mittels dieser Verfahren wird das Bild einer Maske mit Hilfe eines optischen Projektionesystems erzeugt, das höchste Anforderungen an das Auflösungsvermögen, an die Bildfeldgröße, an die Eonstanz des Abbildungsmaßstabes und an andere Abbildungsparameter stellt· Diese Anforderungen sind von refraktiven Optiken nur bei monochromatischer Abbildung zu erfüllen. Wegen der geringen Bandbreite des zur Abbildung eingesetzten Lichtes treten starke Interferenzeffekte in der Fotoresistschicht der Halbleiter-For the transmission of mask structures on semiconductor wafers for the production of semiconductor integrated circuits optical projection methods are increasingly used. By means of these methods, the image of a mask is generated by means of a projection optical system which places the highest demands on resolution, image field size, reproducibility and other imaging parameters. These requirements can only be met by refractive optics in the case of monochromatic imaging. Because of the low bandwidth of the light used for imaging, strong interference effects occur in the photoresist layer of the semiconductor layer.
-BP*"-BP * "
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scheibe auf« Diese Erscheinung ist darauf zurückzuführen, daS die Dicke der Fotoresistschicht gegenüber der Kohärenzlänge des eingesetzten monochromatischen Lichtes klein ist. Diese genannten Interferenzeffekte beeinflussen die Qualität der Abbildung der Resiststrukturen sowie die Justierung der Masken zu bereits auf der Halbleiteroberfläche befindlichen Strukturen bei Folgebelichtungen negativ· Insbesondere tritt dieser Nachteil bei der schrittweisen Belichtung (1 : x) auf, wobei auf einer Halbleiterscheibe zur Strukturierung der Gesamtfläche mehrmals justiert und belichtet werden muß.This phenomenon is due to the fact that the thickness of the photoresist layer is small compared to the coherence length of the monochromatic light used. These interference effects mentioned influence the quality of the image of the resist structures as well as the adjustment of the masks to structures already on the semiconductor surface in subsequent exposures. In particular, this disadvantage occurs in the stepwise exposure (1: x), wherein on a semiconductor wafer for structuring the total area several times adjusted and exposed.
Zur Reduzierung der die Abbildung störenden Interferenzeffekte werden auch Belichtungseinrichtungen mit bichromatischer Abbildung der Strukturen eingesetzt· Bei diesen Belichtungsverfahren tritt der Nachteil auf, daß die Korrektur für zwei oder mehrere Wellenlängen des verwendeten Lichtes zu Lasten anderer Bildfehlerkorrekturen geht, so daß diese Systeme nicht das Auflösungsvermögen und die Bildfeldgröße monochromatischer Systeme erreichenβBichromatic imaging of the structures is also used to reduce image interference interference. These exposure methods have the disadvantage that the correction for two or more wavelengths of light used is at the expense of other aberrations, so that these systems do not have the resolution and reach the image field size of monochromatic systems β
Desweiteren sind Belichtungseinrichtungen bekannt, bei denen Spiegelsysteme für polychromatische Abbildung eingesetzt werden. Die Abbildungsleistung derartiger Systeme ist jedoch infolge ihrer begrenzten Apertur und des sehr kleinen Bildfeldes nicht mit monochromatischen Abbildungsverfahren vergleichbar, da nur eine Abbildung im Verhältnis von 1 : 1 möglich ist.Furthermore, exposure devices are known in which mirror systems are used for polychromatic imaging. However, the imaging performance of such systems is not comparable to monochromatic imaging because of its limited aperture and very small field of view, since only 1: 1 imaging is possible.
In der OS 29 11 503 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Strukturen beschrieben, bei dem eine Entspiegelung der auf der Halbleiterscheibenoberfläche aufgebrachten Fotoresistschicht durch das Auftragen mindestens einerIn OS 29 11 503 a process for the production of structures is described in which an anti-reflection of the applied on the wafer surface photoresist layer by applying at least one
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weiteren, dünnen Schicht eines Stoffes mit dem Fotoresist angepaßtem Brechungsindez erreicht werden soll. Die Dicke der Zusatzschicht wird bei diesem Verfahren 1 der Belichtungswellenlänge /$, ausgeführt und die Zusatzschicht wird vor dem Belichtungsvorgang auf den Resist aufgetragen·another, thin layer of a substance with the photoresist adapted refractive index is to be achieved. The thickness of the additional layer is carried out in this method 1 of the exposure wavelength / $, and the additional layer is applied to the resist before the exposure process.
Desweiteren ist in einer Variante die Anwendung der Zusatzschicht unter der Fotoresistschicht vorgesehen, welche in dem nach dem Belichtungsprozeß folgenden Entwicklungsvorgang mit entfernt wird. Sie Nachteile dieser Lösung bestehen darin, daß die Interferenzeffekte nur bei einer bzw. einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen der eingesetzten Wellenlänge unterdrückt werden und das Verfahren demzufolge nicht gleichzeitig für den Justier- und Belichtungsvorgang einsetzbar ist, da dieselben unterschiedliche Wellenlängen aufweisen. Weiterhin ist die aufgebrachte Hilfsschicht an bereits auf dem Substrat vorhandenen Stufen von itzstrukturen nicht wirksam, da die Schichtdickenänderung Λ beträgtFurthermore, in a variant, the application of the additional layer under the photoresist layer is provided, which is removed in the following after the exposure process development process. They disadvantages of this solution are that the interference effects are suppressed only at one or an integer multiple of the wavelength used and therefore the method is therefore not simultaneously used for the adjustment and exposure process, since they have different wavelengths. Furthermore, the applied auxiliary layer is not effective on already existing on the substrate stages of itzstrukturen, since the layer thickness change is Λ
und die Stufen und somit die Schicht zur Einfallsrichtung der Lichtwellen geneigt sind· Die Schicht wirkt nur, je kleiner der NeigungswinkeloC der Böschung zur Normalen, im Idealfall also mit der Normalen identisch, oder wenn dg s &Q sin cC ist ( dg s Schichtdicke auf der Böschung, dQ ss Schichtdicke auf der ebenen Fläche) · Bin weiterer Nachteil ergibt sich daraus, daß diese Hilfeschicht exakt gleichmäßig auf der Resist- oder Substratoberfläche verteilt werden muß und daher technologisch schwer beherrschbar und aufwendig ist·The layer acts only, the smaller the inclination angle oC of the slope to the normal, ideally identical with the normal, or if dg s & Q sin cC (dg s layer thickness on the slope, d Q ss layer thickness on the flat surface) Another disadvantage derives from the fact that this auxiliary layer must be distributed exactly uniformly on the resist or substrate surface and is therefore technologically difficult to control and expensive.
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Ziel des ErfindungAim of the invention
Das Siel der Erfindung besteht darin, die bei der Belichtung der auf einer Halbleiterscheibe aufgebrachten Resistschichten durch von der Halbleiterscheibenober«- fläche reflektierte Lichtwellen auftretenden Interferenzerscheinungen auszuschließen·The aim of the invention is to preclude the interference phenomena occurring during the exposure of the resist layers applied to a semiconductor wafer by light waves reflected by the semiconductor wafer upper surface.
Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention
Di© Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zu entwickeln die es ermöglichen, die störenden Interferenzeffekte bei monochromatischer Abbildung von Maskenstrukturen auf mit einer Fotoresistschicht versehenen Halbleiterscheiben sowie bei Justiervorgängen auszuschließen·The object of the invention is to develop a method and a device which make it possible to exclude the interfering interference effects in the case of monochromatic imaging of mask structures on semiconductor wafers provided with a photoresist layer and in adjusting processes.
Merkmale der ErfindungFeatures of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die auf der Halbleiterscheibe aufgebrachte Fotoresistschicht vor der Belichtung au jedem einzelnen Prozeßschritt mit einer den Fotoresist nicht beeinflussenden Hilfsschicht gleichen Brechungsindex9bedeckt wird, die während der Belichtung auf der Besistschicht verbleibt und anschließend sowie vor dem Entwickeln der Resistschicht entfernt wird» Die Dicke der Hilfsschicht wird erfindungsgemäß so groß gewählt, daß die Kohärenzlänge I s Λ kleiner als dieAccording to the invention, the object d a through is achieved that the force applied to the semiconductor wafer photo-resist layer before exposure au each process step with a the photoresist does not influence the auxiliary layer of the same refractive index 9 is covered, which remains during the exposure on the Besistschicht and subsequently and prior to development the thickness of the auxiliary layer is selected according to the invention so large that the coherence length I s Λ smaller than that
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doppelte Gesamtdicke d wird, wobei Λ die Wellenlänge, η der Brechungsindex der Hilf sschicht und δΧ die Bandbreite des Lichtes in der Justier- und Belichtungseinrichtung ist«double total thickness d, where Λ is the wavelength, η is the refractive index of the auxiliary layer, and δΧ is the bandwidth of the light in the adjustment and exposure device «
Als die Besistschicht bedeckende Flüssigkeit kann gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung Immersionsöl, Benzol, Tetra-As the Besistschicht covering liquid can according to the inventive solution immersion oil, benzene, tetra-
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chloräthylen, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Toluol, Xylol, Trichlorethylen oder Pyridin verwendet werden. In einer Aasgestaltung der Erfindung wird eine an der Belichtungsoptik vorgesehene Vorsatzeinrichtung soweit abgesenkt 9 daß ihre untere öffnung die Fotoresistoberfläche berührt und somit ein geschlossenes System entsteht· Bs ist möglich, die Hilfsschicht während des Belichtungsprozesses konstant auf der Resistoberfläche zu belassen oder mittels einer Zusatzeinrichtung druckgesteuert zu- und abzuführen· Als Bedingung dazu gilt, daß die Hilfsschicht nicht von der Unterkante der Vorsatzeinrichtung abreißt·chloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, trichlorethylene or pyridine. In a Aasgestaltung the invention, provided on the exposure optics attachment means is lowered 9 that its lower opening in contact with the photoresist surface, and thus a closed system is created · Bs is possible to constantly keep the auxiliary layer during the exposure process on the resist surface or pressure-controlled by means of an auxiliary device to As a condition for this, the auxiliary layer does not tear off from the lower edge of the attachment device.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Interferenzeffekten weist das Objektiv eine demselben angepaßte, an diesemverstellbar angeordnete und als Vorsatzobjektiv ausgebildete Hülse auf, die im unterem, der Halbleiterscheibe zugewandten Bereich, bis auf den zu übertragenden Bildfeldausschnitt verjüngt ist· Desweiteren sind mittel zur Zuführung und Halterung der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen, die mit einem Vorratsbehälter mit einer Dosiereinrichtung verbunden sind.In the device according to the invention for eliminating interference effects, the lens has a same adapted, arranged on this adjustable and trained as an intent lens sleeve which is tapered in the lower, the semiconductor wafer facing area, except for the image field cutout to be transmitted · Furthermore, means for feeding and holding provided the auxiliary layer, which are connected to a reservoir with a metering device.
Die Wirkungsweise des Vorsatzobjektes beruht darauf, daß die Hilfeschicht aus dem Vorratsbehälter der verstellbaren Hülse zugeführt wird, diese ausfüllt und bei abgesenkten Zustand mit der auf der Halbleiterscheibe befindlichen Fotoresistschicht verbunden wird· Im Belichtungsprozeß ist dadurch eine Reflexion der Belichtungsstrahlen ausgeschlossen·The operation of the attachment is based on the fact that the auxiliary layer is supplied from the reservoir of the adjustable sleeve, this fills and is connected in the lowered state with the photoresist layer located on the wafer · In the exposure process thereby reflection of the exposure rays is excluded ·
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Di® Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles und zweier Zeichnungen näher erläutert» Dabei, zeigen5 jThe invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment and two drawings
Fig· i die Oberfläche eines Substrates mit aufgebrachter Fotoresistschicht und darüberliegender Hilfsschicht, bestehend aus einer Flüssigkeit- oder Klarlackschicht mit einem dem Fotoresist gleichen Brechungsindex9 1 shows the surface of a substrate with applied photoresist layer and overlying auxiliary layer, consisting of a liquid or clearcoat layer with a refractive index 9 equal to the photoresist
Fig· 2 eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.2 shows an apparatus for carrying out the method.
Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wird eine mit einer Foto resistschicht 2 versehene Halbleiterscheibenoberfläche 3 mit einer Flüssigkeits- oder Klarlackschicht als Hilfsschicht 1 versehen, die den gleichen Brechungsindex aufweist wie die Fotoresistschicht 2· Die Dicke der Hilfsschicht 1 wird dabei so groß gewählt, daß sie für die längste interessierende Wellenlänge Λ bei einer Bandbreite AA ausreichend ist, vorzugsweise wird sie mit einer Dicke von d-^j^—-, ausgeführt· Es ist auch mpgl^c^ die Dicke der Hilfsschicht so groß auf die Halbleiter^ scheibenoberfläche bzw· auf die Fotoreeistschicht 2 aufzutragen, daß sie den Raum zwischen der Oberfläche des Resists 3 und der Unterkante des Objektivs 5 ausfüllt, ohne daß bei der Scheiben- oder Objektivbewegung in horizontaler Richtung der Hilf sschichtf ilm an seiner Ober fläche abreißt· Für die Anwendung der letzteren Methode ist erfindungsgemäß ein Vorsatz 4 für das Objektiv 5 vorgesehen, welcher dasselbe verschiebbar umschließt und bis auf die Halbleiterscheibenoberfläche 3 absenkbar ist· .... To carry out the method, provided with a photo resist layer 2 wafer surface 3 is provided with a liquid or clearcoat film as auxiliary layer 1, which has the same refractive index as the photoresist layer 2 · The thickness of the auxiliary layer 1 is chosen so large that they are for the longest interesting wavelength Λ at a bandwidth AA is sufficient, it is preferably carried out with a thickness of d- ^ ^ ^, It is also mpgl ^ c ^ the thickness of the auxiliary layer so large on the semiconductor wafer surface or on the Fotoreeistschicht 2 applied that it fills the space between the surface of the resist 3 and the lower edge of the lens 5, without that in the disk or lens movement in the horizontal direction of the auxiliary sschichtf ilm on its upper surface tears · For the application of the latter method is According to the invention, a header 4 is provided for the lens 5, which differs the same bbar encloses and is lowered down to the wafer surface 3 · ....
Der Innenraum des Vorsatzes 4 ist mit einer in der Erfindung bezeichneten Flüssigkeit 1 zwischen der Halb-The interior of the attachment 4 is connected to a liquid 1 designated in the invention between the half
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leiterscheiben- bzw. Kesistoberfläche 3» 2 und einem mit einer Dosiereinrichtung 7 verbundenen Einlauf gefüllt, oder steht mit dem letzten, unteren optischen Mittel des Objektives in Wirkungsverbindung,ohne daß ein Luftspalt zwischen der Hilfsschichtoberfläche 1 und dem optischen Mittel vorhanden ist. Durch die dosierte Zufuhr der Hilfsschicht 1 ist ein Pegel auf dem zu justierenden und zu belichtenden Gebiet der Halbleiterscheibe 3 vorhanden, der während des anschließenden Justier- und Belichtungsvorganges die störenden Interferenzerscheinungen in einem breiten Spektralbereich ausschließt·or an inlet connected to a metering device 7, or is in operative connection with the last, lower optical means of the objective, without an air gap being present between the auxiliary layer surface 1 and the optical means. The metered supply of the auxiliary layer 1 provides a level on the region of the semiconductor wafer 3 to be adjusted and exposed, which excludes the interfering interference phenomena in a broad spectral range during the subsequent adjustment and exposure process.
Nach der Belichtung wird die Hilfsschicht 1 abgespült oder abgeschleudert und die Fotoresistschicht 2 wird wie bekannt entwickelt· "* '"' After exposure, the auxiliary layer is washed or thrown off one and the photoresist layer 2 is developed as known · "* '''
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind insbesondere darin begründet, daß die Hilfsschicht 1 auch an Stufen oder bereits vorhandenen Ätzgräben und Strukturen auf der Halbleiterscheibenoberfläche 3 auftretende Interferenzerscheinungen «eitestgehend vermeidet· Daraus resultieren eine Verringerung der Maßabweichung an den Stufen sowie eine Verringerung der Justierfehler .The advantages of the solution according to the invention are in particular due to the fact that the auxiliary layer 1 avoids interference phenomena which occur even at steps or existing etch trenches and structures on the semiconductor wafer surface 3. This results in a reduction in the dimensional deviation at the steps and a reduction in the alignment errors.
Durch die Vergrößerung der bildseitigen Apertur um den Faktor η wird gleichzeitig bei entsprechend korrigiertem Objektiv die Auflösung um den Faktor η erhöht bzw· die minimale nutzbare Strukturbreite um den Faktor 1 verkleinert.By increasing the image-side aperture by a factor of η, the resolution is simultaneously increased by a factor of η with a correspondingly corrected objective, or the minimum usable structure width is reduced by a factor of one.
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DD24078682A DD206607A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 | 1982-06-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS |
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DD24078682A DD206607A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 | 1982-06-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS |
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1982
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