CZ7395A3 - Process and apparatus for grinding and/or polishing particularly glazed and fired ceramic and porcelain articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The foot parts of two plates (2) are ground and/or polished on alternate sides. The foot parts in a slightly axially displaced device are pressed against one another in a sprung pliable manner, executing a relative rotary movement to one another and a pendulous movement around the projecting edge areas of them. The two plates are rotated in opposite directions for grinding and in the same direction but at different speeds for polishing. Grinding and/or polishing is carried out wet or dry. The foot parts are pressed against one another with the intermediary of a sheet material, pref. an endless sheet material, such as a polishing sheet in roll form.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for grinding and / or polishing, in particular glazed and fired ceramic articles in porcelain (lower parts of molded ceramic bodies), such as flat dishes, in particular plates and plates of similar objects, circular and / or square and / or oval shape.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Typically, the support surfaces, such as the lower parts of molded ceramic bodies, are either not glazed in ceramic or porcelain articles, or the glazes are discarded to be used, particularly during firing, as support surfaces, for example for placing on a support surface in an oven. These unglazed portions, especially the unglazed lower portions, are therefore rough on the surface after firing. Since, after firing, the ceramic molded bodies are removed and stacked to the boundaries, these bottom, base surfaces lead to a rough surface when stacking or stacking. bordering to scratch and thereby damage the glazed and burnt surface of an object lying in a stack underneath. Especially by the action of conveyor devices, such as conveyor belts, the stacked, glazed and fired molded bodies can move and slide relative to each other when conveyed to the downstream processing devices by means of conveyor devices. In this way, scratched glazed surfaces or surfaces of glazed and matt ceramic bodies are qualitatively inferior and can only be offered as ceramic or porcelain goods at a discounted shop.

bodies that were allowed

In order to reduce such rough surfaces on glazed and fired or burnt or glazed. hitherto fired ceramic molded ceramic grinding machines have so far been deployed, fully automatic grinding of these rough surfaces, especially the lower parts, in a wet or dry state. These grinding machines have a grinding belt which is subject to considerable wear during grinding and which requires considerable replacement costs. In order to be able to carry out additional grinding and smoothing of rough surfaces, especially the lower parts, such grinding machines comprise several grinding points with different grinding bands from coarse to finer grain. Even when glazed and fired ceramic bodies are tested for cracks and the ceramic pressed bodies with cracks are discarded, practice has shown that the grinding belts of such grinding machines often tear. Thus, the grinding of rough surfaces to date requires not only special machines with expensive abrasives, but also a considerable increase in production costs.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for grinding and / or polishing, in particular the lower portions of glazed and fired ceramic or porcelain goods, such as flatware, particularly plates or plate-like objects, allowing efficient grinding and smoothing of rough surfaces of ceramic moldings. fully automatic without special grinding machines. _ _ ______

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, the method of grinding and / or polishing, in particular the lower surfaces of glazed and fired ceramic or porcelain goods, such as flat dishes, in particular Plates or Plate-like articles, is characterized in that the lower surfaces of two premixes are polished and / or ground In a slightly axially displaced configuration, the lower portions are elastically and yieldingly adapted to each other and perform relative to each other in a rotational and pendulum motion over the protruding regions of the lower portions.

In the method according to the invention, the rough surfaces, in particular the lower jaws, are ground and polished by the fact that, particularly without the use of abrasive belts, they are directly adjacent to each other, relative to each other and thereby causing abrasive and / or polishing treatment. Such a method of processing can be integrated into the production line for the production of ceramic or porcelain goods in a convenient and operationally favorable manner, without interrupting the production process. Thus, an economical and cost-effective treatment for grinding and / or polishing rough surfaces, in particular the lower parts of glazed or fired ceramic molded bodies, is obtained. The process according to the invention also eliminates any inconvenience which has hitherto occurred in connection with special grinding devices, even using expensive grinding belts with different grain sizes.

Furthermore, the present process enables the grinding and / or polishing of rough surfaces, ₌ k_čemuž selected adequate working conditions for the implementation of the process using the same means, and yet it is easily possible to adapt the size, kind, shape and the like for machining a ceramic molded body. Thus, the two workpieces are preferably immediate to each other, ____ with ____. the grinding wheel rotates, preferably in the opposite direction, so that greater frictional forces can be generated for the grinding. For polishing, on the other hand, the workpieces can be rotated in the same sense, but at different speeds.

Depending on the desired requirements, grinding and / or polishing can be carried out wet or dry. The particular choice of processing conditions depends in particular on the workpiece being processed and / or other quality requirements.

Advantageously, the abraded and / or polished articles can be cleaned in the process according to the invention, for example by wet cleaning and optionally dried.

According to a variant of the method of the invention, a woven material, such as a polishing cloth, which is interposed between opposing lower surfaces is preferably used in addition to the polishing and / or polishing according to the invention. Preferably, as regards the woven material, it is an endless woven material which, as desired, slides over the winding and unwinding rolls, preferably driven, for example. In this way, substantially improved polishing results are obtained.

Thus, the method according to the invention for grinding and / or polishing rough surfaces, in particular the lower parts of ceramic or porcelain articles, can be introduced in a versatile manner and always adapted to the requirements and circumstances, so that manufacturing quality is reliably eliminated by scratching burned surfaces objects removed from the furnace. Thus, the method according to the invention permits the production of high-quality glazed and fired ceramic and porcelain goods, while achieving favorable h? ~ C h a nd e “tads”.

According to a further idea of the solution according to the invention there is further provided an apparatus for grinding and / or polishing, in particular the lower parts of glazed and fired ceramic and porcelain goods, such as flat dishes, in particular plates or plates of similar objects. the objects are slightly axially displaced, facing each other with their lower surfaces, the clamping is radially and axially movably mounted in the central region and is rotatable with adjustable speed, and the clamping pushes the lower surfaces elastically and yieldingly against each other, while pendulum movement along their protruding areas.

Thus, in the device according to the invention, a special clamping is used which holds the two workpieces so that the rough surfaces to be treated, such as the bottom of the plates, are facing each other and then physically or immediately thereafter processed by grinding and / or polishing According to the invention, these working areas, which are preferably arranged slightly axially displaced, press against one another and rotate relative to one another.

It is thus possible to move the workpieces in a radially and axially displaceable manner by machining the workpieces in a resiliently yielding manner and by radially and axially movable mounting of the workpieces, so that particularly projecting areas on the lower surfaces can also be machined by grinding and / or polishing. pendulum. The device according to the invention thus enables the rough surfaces of the molded ceramic bodies, in particular their lower parts, to be machined most efficiently in a constructionally simple and space-saving manner. ^In particular, the machining with the apparatus according to the invention is carried out by grinding and / or polishing under optimum circumstances and conditions at no cost and almost automatically. With this particularly so-called self-grinding, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, surprisingly valuable and excellent abraded and / or polished surfaces are always obtained in the desired areas.

Preferably, the clamping comprises two spaced-apart clamping discs having end faces to prevent scratching of the objects, wherein the workpiece is preferably held by vacuum on the end faces of each clamping disc.

. For the rotation drive and in particular for the independent rotation of each clamping disc in the clamping according to the invention, one clamping disc is associated with each clamping disc, fixedly coupled to the drive shaft of the associated variable speed drive, for example a pulley or the like. the disc is rigidly connected to the clamping disc in a torsion-like manner in order to leave the necessary degree of freedom of each clamping disc for optimum machining. Such an arrangement further permits the possibility that the clamping discs of the clamping can be arranged at different distances from one another, using a corresponding additional control device, without requiring a change in the basic structure of such a clamping. As a result, the grinding and / or polishing device according to the invention is usable for execution.

universally

They are preferably supplied by means arranged between the respective clamping r

differentiate

Preferably, an elastic diaphragm is provided for connecting the drive disc to the torsion-tight clamping disc. Although this elastic diaphragm allows the clamping disc to be carried in conjunction with the driving disc during a rotational movement, relative movements relative to the opposing surfaces are possible without disturbing the operation of the devices which are compensated by the elastic diaphragm.

Preferably, the pressing force exerted by the clamping during grinding and / or polishing is varied around the circumference of the clamping. Preferably, the pressing force decreases from the highest value in each case over half the clamping circumference to the lowest value. By pressing forces varying around the circumference of the clamping, l

optimize grinding and / or polishing immediately on surfaces rubbed against each other.

the compression force or the compression forces of the springs, preferably the compression springs by the clamping disc and the driving disc. These springs can be distributed around the circumference of the elastic force, which in turn lead to the pressing forces also varying according to their arrangement.

In order to eliminate the temperature stress in the workpieces during the grinding and / or polishing treatment and the risk of cracks arising therefrom, a wet treatment may be advantageously carried out in the device according to the invention, for example a liquid cooling device for grinding and / or polishing. preferably, it has nozzles for dispensing coolant, preferably water. Thus, the device according to the invention can also be used for wet processing.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, a fabric material is used between the lower parts held against each other and pressed against each other by clamping, which is used in particular for polishing. If an endless woven material is used, it can be guided over the opposing unwinding and winding rolls, at least one of the rolls being driven. A stepper motor is expediently used for the drive, so that, after the use of the fabric material, the fresh fabric material can be fed to the effective working area automatically without interrupting the operation of the device. Optionally, sensors can be associated with the fabric material to automatically detect and control the effective area of the fabric material.

In order to remove the abrasive and / or polishing dust remaining on the workpieces during grinding and / or polishing, in particular during wet working, a cleaning device may further be connected to the grinding and / or polishing device. In this clamping cleaning device, the workpieces hold the workpieces in such a way that the workpieces to be treated are spaced apart. For cleaning, preferably a spraying device is used which directs water at a spaced apart bottom, and which is arranged between them. Advantageously, the spray device comprises a plurality of spray nozzles in the direction of the diameter of the objects held by clamping relative to one another, which direct the respective spray beams to the work areas of the lower surfaces.

In order to achieve the most uniform and fastest possible cleaning of the workpieces, particularly on the surfaces to be treated, the articles to be cleaned are cleaned during cleaning, for which the gripping and / or polishing drive means of the clamping parts are used.

It is particularly advantageous for cleaning to increase the rotational speed or speed after the basic cleaning by means of a variable speed drive. the number of revolutions of the rotating objects, for example spray-cleaned, so that excess cleaning liquid is sprayed from the treated and cleaned objects and drying can be accelerated.

Advantageously, a drying device is arranged downstream of the wet cleaning device, where it is cleaned or cleaned. The polished objects, spaced by the clamping, are preferably dried with warm air. It is therefore not necessary to move the cleaned articles when drying in accordance with the invention, but to use the same clamps for drying as for grinding and / or polishing.

Preferably, the drying device comprises an air blasting device which is arranged between the cleaned articles with a distance held by the clamping. As a result, the drying device can act effectively on the cleaned articles for rapid drying.

The air blasting device preferably has a slit-shaped air nozzle that extends in the direction of the clamping diameter and the workpiece, the slit-shaped air nozzle extending substantially over the entire dimension of the clamping diameter. When the objects in the drying device rotate around its own axis, which is preferred, the air blasting device optimizes the impact of the drying air on the surfaces to be dried, so that the drying times are very short.

According to a preferred embodiment, the slot-shaped air nozzle is spirally, preferably an ace-shaped, wherein the region of the turn of the s-shaped preferably passes through the center of the clamping.

By using a rotary clamping drive, the drying process can also be optimized by rotating the objects held in the dryer in a spaced manner at a speed set according to the air speed, possibly taking into account the temperature of the drying air. The direction of rotation can be selected accordingly and optimum ratios can always be determined and set empirically.

In order to achieve a fully automatic processing operation in the device according to the invention, a grinding and / or polishing device is preceded by a feeding device, and after it or after some of the after-treatment device, such as a cleaning device and / or drying device, a surrender device is provided. In this way, the workpieces can always be delivered in pairs to the corresponding preparations and devices and then removed therefrom.

Preferably, the feeder device removes pairs of workpieces from the feed conveyor device, preferably from an intermittently operable conveyor belt or parallel conveyor belts in a substantially horizontal and slightly axially displaced position and aligns the articles with their lower portions facing each other by 90 °. By means of such a feeding device, the workpieces are always prepared in pairs and handed over in a predetermined arrangement for clamping. This can increase the degree of automation of said device.

The feeder device preferably comprises a suction cup arrangement with two 90 ° reversible suction cups each which are rotatable preferably by a common drive, such as a servomotor or the like, via the gear wheels which are engaged with each other. By means of this suction cup arrangement, the two incoming objects are gripped in the horizontal position and are then tilted or tilted. rotates such that the work areas, particularly the lower portions, are facing each other and the articles are held in a substantially vertical position parallel to each other but slightly axially displaced.

Advantageously, similarly to the feeding device, there is also provided a surrender device which removes the workpieces from the position in which the lower parts or the workpieces are located. The working areas facing each other, when turned in the opposite direction each time by about 90 [deg.], to the delivery conveyor device, the conveying device preferably being constituted by an intermittently operable conveyor belt or intermittently operable parallel conveyor belts. By means of this conveying device, the ground and / or polished articles to be processed according to the invention are conveyed to a further processing device. The details of the delivery device are formed essentially similar to the delivery device as described above.

Suitably, a common transfer device is associated with the delivery device and the delivery device, which allows handling of the corresponding arrangement of the workpieces in pairs in the associated clamping.

In particular, in the case of a turntable system, a transfer device may be provided, the two arms preferably having a common axis so that the suction cups for holding the workpieces on their outer, i.e., glazed and fired, surface areas are arranged below. at an angle of about 90 degrees. With these arms a single body rotating around that the workpieces are transferred in pairs also from the feeding device to the clamping and the workpieces are transferred in pairs to the delivery device. Such a common transfer device permits simultaneous handling of workpieces and workpieces so that a rhythmically controlled movement is achievable and thus the in-process times are shortened.

According to the invention, the grinding and / or polishing devices and optionally the further processing devices as well as the feed, transfer or delivery devices can be configured as a turntable system or as a linear system. The components essential to the invention and the respective processing operations, apart from the means of transport included therein, are independent of whether the system is designed as a linear system or as a turntable system. In no way is the invention, as will be apparent from the teachings thereof, limited to a rotary table system.

If a rotary shutter system is preferably selected, transfer stations, grinding and / or polishing stations, as well as cleaning stations and drying stations, can be arranged separately at regular angular intervals in the rotary cross over the entire 360 ° angle region. As a result, the individual processing and handling operations can be carried out in a manner according to the invention and in a plant according to the invention in a space-saving manner, by means of appropriate rhythm control and turning off the rotation of the turntable system.

In a linear system, of course, a linearly movable transfer device is provided instead of a rotatably movable transfer device.

Irrespective of the particular embodiment of the device and its arrangement, such as in a rotary table system or in a linear system, it is essential according to the invention that the workpieces to be ground and / or polished, especially on their lower parts and lower regions, by grinding and / or polishing either immediately or upon insertion of the fabric material between facing bodies and that, using the same grinding and / or polishing clamping, further processing operations may be carried out depending on the desired during the process such as cleaning, drying and the like. With the measures according to the invention, surprisingly excellent processing results can be obtained in a production-friendly manner and at the shortest possible production times. The construction and engineering costs are also considerably lower than those of the prior art, which require special grinding and / or polishing machines to which the workpieces must be transported. Such grinding machines also permit only one single machining of the workpieces. Thus, it is increased in the method of the invention and the processing apparatus about twice as much as the processing, notwithstanding the fact that the processing of the desired further processing operations and drying is fully automatic.

According to the invention, the performance with the prior art method allows the invention and also as a cleaning

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar parts are provided with the same reference numerals for clarity. Although the invention is explained in more detail below in connection with a turntable system, the invention is not limited thereto, but the essential measures of the invention may be constructed and implemented in the same or similar manner as a linear system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings show:

Giant. 1 is a schematic plan view of the entire apparatus for processing glazed and fired ceramic or porcelain articles in a version with a rotary table system,

Giant. 2 is a front view of the feeding, transfer and delivery area of the device shown in FIG. 1,

Giant. 3 is a schematic front view of the feed and transfer area shown in FIG. 1,

Giant. 4 is a schematic view of the delivery and delivery area shown at the top right of FIG. 1;

Giant. 5 Enlarged front view with partial cut to clarify essential details of grinding and / or polishing equipment,

Giant. 6 is a schematic front view of a cleaning device, optionally provided for deployment in the apparatus arrangement shown and illustrated in FIG. 5,

Giant. 7 is a schematic front view of a drying device, if any. _# .

Giant. 8 is a plan view of an air blasting device of the drying apparatus of FIG. 7 to illustrate a preferred air jet design.

Giant. 9 is a partial cutaway elevation view to illustrate a variant of the grinding and / or polishing apparatus; and

Giant. 10 is a plan view of the working area and / or polishing according to the workpiece being detailed.

The grinding device of FIG. 5 without a second one to illustrate others

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The arrangement explained below and the apparatus illustrated and described in more detail are intended in particular for the processing and handling of glazed and fired ceramic bodies molded from glazed and fired ceramic or porcelain articles.

Such molded bodies are collectively referred to as flat dishes, and in particular are plates or plate-like objects, such as trays and the like, which may have a round and / or square and / or oval configuration. These objects also have rough, unworked lower parts, respectively. lower area. For the sake of clarity, in the description below, an abbreviation of the predefined term " in the drawings is marked 2 and in the machined state is marked 2. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, such a plate 2 comprises a bottom with a lower part 2a with a projecting region 2b. which actually forms a substantial bottom surface. Further, an inner bottom region 2c is formed inside the lower part 2a, and the plate 2 has on its top side a bottom side 2d.

First, the basic concept of the turntable system needs to be explained with the aid of a plan view of the entire device shown in FIG. This device comprises a plurality of stations, in accordance with the course of production designated I, 11. III. IV. Y and VI. The common rotary cross marked A always has a corresponding device for stations II to V at adjustable angular intervals of about 90 °. Under the appropriate rhythm control, the entire working cycle from feed to handover and handover, with the appropriate adjustment of 90 ° 360 °.

In the region of the station X, the pairs 2 are centered in pairs and the plates 2 arriving at the feeding conveying device are arranged in such a way that the plates 2 are arranged so that they are centered but always have an axial displacement in pairs. The feeding conveyor device X is operable intermittently and comprises, in the example shown, two parallel feeding belts X. Next, the station X is assigned to the feed device as a whole marked

3, from which the plates 2 are transferred in pairs by means of a transfer device, as a whole marked 4, to the station

1I. Station III. which constitutes a further step in the connected sequence, as illustrated by the arrow, constitutes a grinding and / or polishing device as a whole marked S, the details of which are illustrated in detail in FIG. In the next step, the articles are returned to station II and the transfer device 4 is handed over to the transfer conveyor device by means of the transfer device 4 shown in more detail in FIG. , denoted as unit 6, comprising, for example, two synchronously running intermittently operable belts 6.

wherein the two plates 2 around £ 2 are engaged and lying

With reference to Figures 1 to 3, and in particular with reference to Figure 3, it comprises a suction cup arrangement with two suction cups 7 which can be actuated and actuated, for example, by an associated air cylinder 8. Each suction cup 7 with associated air cylinder 8 is by means of an L-shaped support arm 31, in working engagement with the gear, these cogwheels 9 are arriving together on the feed belts 1 against each other, the axes of which are slightly displaced relative to each other. shown in station X in Figure 1, are picked up by suction cups 7 and removed from the feed belts X. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 3, each arrangement of the support arm XX, the air cylinder X and the suction cup 7 is actuated by a drive device (not shown), such as a servomotor, a pressure cylinder and the like, in cooperation with a pair of gear wheels 9 engaged. position shown in FIG. by rotating about 90 ° to the position shown in FIG. 1 on the left in the region of the feed device 3. In this position both

It is held by the suction cups 7 in such a way that the lower parts 2a to be worked are facing each other, but the axes of the pairs of held plates 2 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 are slightly displaced relative to each other.

As explained in FIG. 2 on the left, the feed device 3 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the feed conveyor 1, to which the feed device 3 is mounted longitudinally displaceable by the sled device 10. During the pivoting movement of the suction arrangement with the plates 2 at the same time, the slide device 10 performs a longitudinal displacement, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2. The plate 2 is thus removed in a predetermined position and the arrangement from the feed conveying device 10 is arranged in the position shown for example in Fig. 1. 1 is transferred from the arrangement according to FIG. 1 by means of the transfer device 4 to be clamped as a whole, indicated by the mark 30., the details of which are explained in particular in connection with FIG. 5.

these angular arms 4a -j are pivoted as shown by the arrow

As can be seen from FIG. 2 in conjunction with the explanation of station II (see FIG. 1), the transfer device 4 comprises two arms 4a arranged at an angle of about 90 °. which are preferably joined in one body. Both rotatable about a common axis 4b in FIG. 2. At their free ends, the arms 4a carry the suction cups 11 and 11 respectively. 33, as shown in the schematic view of FIGS. 3 and 4 as well as in FIG. 1. The two plates 2, arranged with the aid of the feeding device 3, are attached to the transfer device 4 by means of suction cups 11 of the transfer device 4. 1. The finished plates 2, machined in the station II illustrated in Fig. 1, are gripped by the second arm 4a of the transfer device 4. Thereafter, the transfer device 4, e.g. rotation so that the finished machined pair of plates 2 attached to the transfer device is surrendered to the transfer device 5 in Figure 2 or Figure 1, and at the same time the pair of processing plates 2 taken from the feed device 5 is shifted and handed over for clamping 30.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2a and 4, more details of the dispensing device 4 are explained. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the finished machined pair of plates 2 in the configuration taken from FIG. 1 from the clamp 30 held by the suction cups 33 of the arm 4a of the transfer device 4 is gripped by suction cups 13 of the dispensing device 5. associated with the air cylinder 12 actuating it, is in operative communication with a power-driven rotating device that includes the gear wheels 14 that are engaged. By means of a drive (not shown), not shown, the arrangement comprising the support arm 34, the air cylinder 12 and the suction cup 13 - as shown by the arrow in FIG. 90 °. At the same time, in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 2, the delivery device 5 is displaced along the sledge device 15 in the longitudinal direction in such a way that at the end of the movement the two finished machined plates 2 are deposited on the belts 6 of the delivery device 6. transport the finished machined plates 2 to other appropriately arranged devices.

After the pair of plates 2 for processing from the feed device 3 is fixed by the transfer device 4, the feed device 3 returns by sliding in the longitudinal direction by the sled device 10 and correspondingly reversing the suction arrangement back to the initial position shown in FIG.

After the finished machined pair of plates 2 has been set aside, in opposite manner to the movement of the delivery device 5, when the finished machined pair of plates 2 is dispensed, the delivery device 5 returns to the starting position shown in the suction cup arrangement. 4.

Finally, with reference to FIG. 5, an apparatus for grinding and / or polishing the lower surfaces of the lower portions 2a of a pair of plates 2, as a whole, will be described in detail.

The clamps 30 explained below correspond to the clamping structure shown schematically in stations III-V in FIG. 1 in the drawing. Therefore, a closer explanation of the clamping 30 itself in conjunction with FIG. 5 is sufficient.

The clamping 30 in the grinding and / or polishing fixture, as a whole denoted by S, comprises clamping discs 30, on whose faces the workpiece plate 2 is attached, for example by means of vacuum, so that the workpiece lower part 2a of each plate 2 faces each other 2a. As shown schematically, a vacuum is applied via the vacuum connection 16 and the coupling device 17 to the face of each clamping disc 30. In this case, one connecting channel 16a passes through the drive shaft 40 described below and in each case by one associated drive disk 20, and by means of the connecting device 17 the coupling channel 16a is connected to the channel 16b which leads to the wall face. wheels 30. With respect to the coupling device 17, this may be a so-called vacuum coupling, which is to be understood as a hose, flexible coupling line.

Further, each clamping disc 30 is provided with a drive disc 20 which is fixedly connected in a circle to one drive shaft 40, which is mounted and fixed by means of a combined axial and radial bearing 32. This drive shaft 40 is driven by a drive (not shown) Each drive disc 20 is connected to a respective clamping disc 30 by means of an elastic diaphragm 19. Each clamping disc 30 is supported by the reinforcement 18 slightly axially and radially movable relative to the drive disc 20. By means of the pressure regulator 24, the basic pressing pressure for the plates 2 to be machined can be adjusted in the clamping 30 shown in FIG. 5, and the distance between two clamping discs 30 opposite one another can be adjusted. Furthermore, springs, in particular compression springs 21, 22 distributed circumferentially, are arranged between the clamping disc 30 and the driving disc 20 in each case. In Fig. 5, the compression spring with the highest compression force is indicated by 21, and the compression spring with the lowest compression force is indicated by 22. Further springs or springs (not shown) are arranged separately over approximately half the circumference. compression springs that exert pressure forces that in each row decrease from the compression spring 21 with the maximum compression force to the compression spring 22 with the least compression force. Of course, the springs 21.22 are preferably arranged symmetrically against each other in the diameter direction, so that, overall, the springs are arranged uniformly distributed around the circumference of the clamping disc 3 () and the driving disc 20. With this arrangement of springs 21.22, a desired force profile can be applied to each clamping disk 30, corresponding to ratios, which is always determined in an optimal manner for the desired machining, such as grinding or polishing.

As shown in FIG. 5, the lower portions 2a, including the protruding regions 2b, are immediately physically opposed to each other and are pressed against the specified pressing pressure so that a corresponding machining occurs during the rocking movement and the relative rotational movement between the lower portions 2a to be worked. In FIG. 5, the two plates to be processed are each driven by the drive shaft 40 and the drive disc 20 in the opposite direction. Although not shown in detail, the clamping disks 30, with the plates 2 attached thereto, can also be driven via the driving disks 20 and the drive shafts 40 by means of an associated and particularly controllable drive device in the same sense, but with different rotational speeds and different rotational speeds. Such drive conditions are particularly advantageous for polishing, while rotating in the opposite direction is preferably used when grinding the lower parts 2a. The device S thus permits the lower parts 2a of two objects, in the illustrated example of the plates 2, to grind and / or polish each other by lowering the lower parts 2a flexibly and flexibly against each other in a slightly axially displaced arrangement and performing relative to each other. rotational movement and rocking movement over the protruding regions 2b of the lower parts 2a. Thus, with the clamping 30 two workpieces (plates) are held slightly axially displaced, with their lower parts 2a facing each other, and the clamping 30 is supported radially and axially movably in the central region 18. a carrier disc 20 firmly connected to the drive shaft 40 and via a resilient and flexible connection to the elastic diaphragm 19.

also rotatable in a determined manner, either in the opposite direction or in the same direction, with a selectable number of revolutions, and by means of springs 21, 22 different exerting forces are exerted distributed around the circumference of the clamping disc 30 during grinding and / or polishing. In this way, for example, the lower parts 2a of the two plates 2 are machined by means of the device S according to the invention, in physical contact of the respective surfaces for grinding or polishing.

If desired, it is possible, for example, according to FIG. 5, to carry out grinding and / or wet polishing operations, to which a cooling agent can be supplied via nozzles 25 to the working area of the device S in FIG. 5, optionally in conjunction with grinding and / or polishing a composition such as water. If the liquid supplied by the nozzle 25 serves simultaneously or exclusively for cooling, the working area is effectively cooled in the device S and the thermal stress in the glazed burnt plates 2 and the cracking caused by it is prevented. Although not illustrated in detail, the treatment of the plates 2 in the apparatus S may optionally include drying so that the nozzle 25 does not necessarily be therein.

9 and 10, a variant of an embodiment of the grinding and / or polishing device S is explained in more detail, wherein parts identical or similar to the details of the embodiments described above are designated with the same reference numerals. In particular, the explanation is based on the details explained above in relation to Figure 5. In contrast to the embodiment of the grinding and / or polishing device S shown in Figure 5, the variant of Figures 9 and 10 is provided with a 41% woven material which is disposed between facing each other. and the lower portions 2a pressed against each other, axially displaced relative to one another, in the apparatus indicated by S in FIGS. 9 and 10 as a whole. By using this fabric material 41, which is preferably used for polishing, even better results are obtained for polishing articles, particularly in the region of the lower parts 2a. Preferably, the fabric material 41 is formed endless and runs through the unwinding roller 42 and the winding roller 43 positioned opposite it. At least one of the rollers 42 and 43, or both, is driven so that the necessary web material is moved in steps in the working region of the lower parts 2a in the direction of the winding roll 43, so that grinding and / or trimming can be effected without interruption. In this way, fresh, effective fabric material is always available in the working area and in the effective area of the device S. Preferably, a stepper motor 44 is used for driving, or when the unwinding roller 42 and the winding roller 43 are driven, a stepper motor is provided to drive each. As a result, the fabric material can be moved in predetermined switching steps of actuating the drive device 44 so that fresh and unused fabric material is then arranged in the effective area of the device S with the opposing lower parts 2a. It is sufficient to move the fabric material in small steps, fresh fabric available only for effective fabric material 41 to use in a manner.

the material must be the area so that it can be used optimally

In this embodiment, the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 or e * to " 4 * -i-i * 7 " w A - * · and Ί 'λ-ί «

The wearer 41 is pressed against each other, but there is a fabric material 41 between them, preferably a polishing fabric material.

According to station IV in Fig. Las by Fig. 6, an example of a possible connection of the cleaning device R is illustrated. The clamping 30 with the tensioning discs 30 corresponds, in terms of the details explained, to the structure explained above with respect to Figs. 6, the respective clamping disks 30 * with the plates 2 attached with respect to the position shown in FIG. 5 are axially displaced and spaced apart, so that the lower parts 2a of the plates 2 worked in the apparatus S, S are spaced apart. The cleaning device R comprises a spraying device 26, which comprises a plurality of spray nozzles 27 in the clamping diameter 30 and which, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 6, directs the axially directed spray jets for cleaning onto the facing surfaces in pairs of arranged discs. the two plates 2 held by the clamping means 30 are driven by a variable speed drive (not shown) in a rotating motion either in the same or in the opposite direction, for which only the drive belt 23 is shown for clarity. the device R is effectively cleaned, preferably with water or other liquid, so that the abrasion that attacked and remained on the surface during processing in the device S, S can be quickly and reliably removed and cleaned. Naturally, the cleaning device R can also be designed to deviate from the illustrated embodiment. The number of revolutions as well as the direction of rotation of the tensioning discs 30 with the attached plates 2 are determined appropriately in a suitable manner, the suitable working areas being determined in particular empirically. At the end of the cleaning process in the cleaning device R, for example when the spraying device 26 is switched off, the speed of the drive shaft 40 preferably changes in terms of its noticeable increase, so that, for example, excess liquid still retaining on the plates 2 can be splashed.

7 and 8, the drying apparatus X, possibly arranged in the station V, is illustrated by way of example.

26

In the drying device T, the two plates 2 worked in the device S, S and optionally cleaned in the cleaning device S are also kept apart from one another by the clamping device 30. Between the respective spaced apart surfaces 2a of the plates 2 there is arranged in the drying device T an air blasting device 28 having an air nozzle 29. By means of the air blasting device 28, the opposing plates 2 are preferably directed to warm air for drying. .

Fig. 8 shows a preferred embodiment with a slot outlet of the air nozzle designated 29a. The air jet blasting device 29 can be used to blow warm air onto the plates 2 uniformly over the entire diameter of the plate by means of the air jet slit 29a so formed. 2, in order to effect efficient and rapid drying in the drying device. In addition, the plates 2 by means of clamping 30 can rotate about their axis, as shown in FIG. 8 by an arrow using the drives associated with each clamping 30 which have been The rotation speed is preferably brought into line with the air speed, taking into account also the temperature of the warm drying air supplied by the air blasting device 28. For each case, the most advantageous conditions can be emp. It is of course possible to determine and depend on the design, dimensions and the like of the articles to be dried in the drying apparatus, such as plates 2. Naturally, the possible embodiments with respect to the inlaid drying apparatus 1 are different from those shown here.

- 26 27

The invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, it is not limited to the details described with the most preferred embodiments, but the variations and modifications that occur when needed without departing from the idea, in particular, the details of the foregoing application, illustrated by the clamping 30, may be formed in a different form, however, it is essential that such clamping 30 permits both axial and radial - albeit slight - movement at the same time, and that the device S allows the workpieces to be machined by grinding and / or polishing by touching each other, adjusting adjustable and variable pressing forces. Certain changes may also be accepted within the ordinary skill in the art when processing according to the invention is to be carried out in a linear system or in a linear arrangement.

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Claims (29)

PATENT CLAIM Method of grinding and / or polishing, in particular glazed and fired ceramic porcelain goods, such as flat dishes, characterized in that the lower portions (2a) of two articles (2) are ground and / or polished by the lower The portions (2a) in a slightly axially displaced arrangement resiliently and flexibly press against each other and perform relative to each other a rotary and a pendulum movement after stand out areas (2b) lower parts (2a) 2. Method according to claim 1 c í s e by ž e with both articles (2), in particular for "Grinding, rotating in the opposite meaning. 3. Method according to claim 1 c í s e by ž e with both articles (2), in particular prc polishing, spinning in in the same sense, but with different numbers speed. 4. Method according to One of claims 1 to 10 3. vyz i n a r c í s e by grinding and / or polishing is performed wet; Method according to one of the claims, characterized in that the polishing is carried out dry. Claims 1 to 11 and grinding a Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower portions (2a) are pressed against each other over the interposed fabric material, such as a polishing fabric in a roll. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the abraded and / or polished objects (2) are cleaned and optionally dried. Apparatus for grinding and / or polishing, in particular glazed fired ceramic and / porcelain goods, such as flat dishes, in particular plates (2) or plates of similar objects, characterized in that the clamping (30) holds the two workpieces (2) slightly axially displaced, facing each other with their lower portions (2a), the clamping means (30) is radially and axially movably mounted in the central region and is rotatably driven at an adjustable speed, and that the clamping means (30) pushes the lower portions (2a) simultaneously performing a rocking motion over their projecting regions (2b), resiliently and flexibly against each other. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the clamping (30) comprises two spaced apart discs (30), on the faces of which one workpiece is always held by a vacuum. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that each clamping disc (30) is associated with a driving disc (20), fixedly coupled to the drive disc. n the shaft (40) assigned drive with adjustable number speed, a flexible and frankly, in torsion firmly. connected with clamp disc (30). 11. Equipment according to claim 10, marked u j í - c í se team. ž e that for carrier connection wheels - an elastic diaphragm (19) is provided by a torsionally rigid disk (30). 12. Equipment according to one from claims 8 to 11, confesses c í se by that they are pressing the force it exerts clamping (30), p changes around the circumference (30). 13. Equipment according to claim 12, .mu.Ci is three m, ž e the pressing force decreases from the highest values for the spring (21) always over half of the clamping circumference (30). up to the lowest value for the spring (22). Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the pressing force is distributed circumferentially by means of springs (21, 22), preferably compression springs, arranged between the clamping disc (30) and the driving disc (20). 14, claims 8 to being usj (25), for grinding Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid cooling device, nozzle and / or polishing preferably has directed nozzles (25) directed at the lower part (2a) for dispensing coolant, preferably water. ... Apparatus according to one of Claims 8 to 15, characterized in that a fabric material (41), in particular for polishing, is arranged between the lower parts (2a) facing each other and pressed against each other by means of the clamping (30). Device according to claim 16, characterized by 30 - 31, in that the fabric material (41) runs infinitely over the opposing unwinding and winding rollers (42, 43). Device according to claim 17, characterized in that at least one of the rollers (42, 43) is driven by at least one stepper motor (44). Apparatus according to one of Claims 8 to 18, characterized in that a dusting or machining device is arranged downstream of the device (S) for cleaning or polishing. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that a spraying device (26) is provided for clamping (30) which the articles (2) which are machined on their lower parts (2a) are spaced between their lower parts (2a). for cleaning, in particular for supplying water between the spaced bottom portion (2a). Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the spray device (26) has a plurality of spray nozzles (27) directed towards the bottom (2a) in the diameter direction of the objects held by the clamping means (30). 22. Device according to one of claims 19 to 21, vyzh ID = ¹ I C ^F I &apos; ^L - 't «T -.- m- the cleaned objects (2) to rotate during cleaning. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that it is superfluous for spraying 31 32.: - cleaning fluids - after cleaning - increase the rotational speed, resp. number of revolutions, rotating cleaned objects (2). Device according to one of Claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the cleaning device (R) is connected to a drying device (T) in which the cleaned or cleaned cleaning device (T) is connected to the cleaning device. The polished objects (2), spaced by the clamp (30), are preferably dried with warm air. The apparatus of claim 24, indicating; characterized in that an air blasting device (28) is arranged between the cleaned objects (2) held at a distance. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the air blasting device (28) has an air nozzle (29) with an air nozzle outlet (29a) that extends in the direction of the clamping diameter (30). Device according to claim 26, characterized in that the air nozzle outlet (29a) is in the form of a helical slot, preferably s-shaped, and extends approximately at least over the diameter of the lower part (2a). 28. Apparatus according to one of the claims 24 to 27 characterized by e ΐ í m that with items (2) at a distance held at drying equipment (T), rotate • speed, adjusted speed air, taking it also takes into account the drying air temperature. Apparatus according to one of Claims 8 to 28, characterized in that a feeding device (3) is installed upstream of the grinding and / or polishing device (S) or after the device (S), or after the subsequent processing device, as a cleaning device (R) and a drying device (Τ), the delivery device (5) is included. Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the feeding device (3) removes the articles (2) to be processed in pairs from a feeding conveyor device (1), preferably interruptible, operable conveyor belt or parallel conveyor belts (1), in in a substantially horizontal and slightly axially displaced position, and by performing a rotation of about 90 ° in the opposite direction, it arranges the objects (2) with the lower parts (2a) facing each other. Device according to claim 30, characterized in that the feeding device (3) comprises a suction cup arrangement with two suction cups (7) which can each be rotated in the opposite direction and which are rotatable via a common drive, preferably via associated gear wheels (9). that are in the shot. 32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the surrender device. (5) takes the workpieces (2) in pairs from a position in which their lower parts (2a) face each other and, by turning them in the opposite direction each time by 90 °, puts them on the transfer conveying device (6), preferably interruptible an operational longitudinal conveyor belt or parallel conveyor belts (6), in a substantially horizontal configuration. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the delivery device (5) is 33 mm 34 constructed substantially similar to the feed device of claim 27. Device according to one of the features, characterized in that the device (3) and the delivery device have a common transfer device (4). of claims 29 to 33 that is attached to the feed (5) Apparatus according to one of the two arms (4a) of claim 34, characterized in that the transfer devices are arranged at an angle of about 90 ° with suction cups (11, 11; 33, 33) for attaching the workpieces to the inner regions (2c). bottoms that are rotatable about a common axis (4b) such that the workpieces (2) are transferred in pairs from the feed device (3) to the clamping device (30) and the workpieces (2) are transferred therefrom in pairs to the delivery device (5). Device according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 35, characterized in that the grinding and / or polishing device (S) and optionally the further processing device (R, T) as well as the feeding device (3), the transfer device (4) and the delivery devices (5) are arranged as a turntable system or a linear system. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that in the rotary table system, the transfer station (II), the station (III) ______ with the device (S) are arranged at regular angular intervals in the rotary cross (A) over the entire 360 ° angle region. ____ for grinding and / or polishing, optionally a station (IV) with a cleaning device (R) and a station (V) with a drying device (T). Represented by: .........of,.,.. TV 73-95 AND 7> v? 2-9sr 7 * / 73 ~ 9fy CM CM □ Gh CM '. 8 = ’jQ About .. Live i ri · ..; ----- == ) O and \ \ \ fN / ----- : χ ......... · TO CM t ¹ ? ² -—. <. <. —L Yr; ^: '; kl ·; . ·. · :. ··: · .: ^Γ '· ν ... · ... · Ι ·' ··. ·. * ·. ··; ·. · ',; · »> ·. ·.?:.; ·. ·; ·. <'·:; · * ·><; . '{> _·:. i; ». ·,. ·· /: ·. · · ^, Λ 5Λ ·. · .. ·: ··. ·;.? · .. * v £ .í 'tn over Μ 13IM13 V3.A / r; 3 Λ 0 3 ^l > · * · σ 'CV £?! 3 6 |! X 5: oi ^ oa • f · □ .... ··. ·. · '··· ·· ·: ·· «. ^·;' <Y'ťý'ťk on <3 = ° & JQ About <* Jl.