CZ309994B6 - An equipment for medium-temperature liquid fluidized bed pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The equipment pro medium-temperature liquid fluidized bed pyrolysis, in particular of macromolecular and polymer organic compounds, contains the heat source connected to the reactor (6), which is further connected to the source of feedstock, whereas the reactor (6) is further connected to the discharge of both gaseous and liquid products of pyrolysis, lies in the fact that the reactor (6) is connected by its inlet to the mixing jet (5), which is connected by one its inlet to the source of feedstock and by its second inlet to the outlet of the heater (1) of the heat transfer fluid, which forms the heat source, where the heater (1) of the heat transfer fluid is connected by its inlet to a tank (2) of heat transfer fluid, whereas the reactor (6) is connected by its outlet to the inlet of hydrocyclone (7), which is provided with an gaseous phase outlet, in which a blower (11), a condensation system (8) and a recipient (9) of the liquid phase are connected in series, whereas the hydrocyclone (7) is further provided with a separator (10) of carbon residue for the separation of carbon-heat transfer fluid dispersion on the separator outlet (10), whereas a separation device (13) is assigned to the outlet of the separator (10) for the storage of powdered carbon, and the hydrocyclone (7) is further provided with a recirculation outlet of the heat transfer fluid, which is connected to the inlet of the tank (2) of heat transfer fluid, whereas the heat transfer fluid consists of a liquid mixture of silanes and silicones.

Description

Equipment for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis

Field of technology

The invention also includes a device for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis, especially of macromolecular and polymeric organic compounds, which contains a heat source connected to a reactor, which is further connected to a source of input raw material, through which the reactor is further connected to the removal of gaseous and liquid pyrolysis products.

Current state of the art

Current devices for medium-temperature (300 to 550 °C) pyrolysis of organic high-molecular materials (biomass, wood, rubber and rubber, textiles, COV sludge, petroleum waste products, tars, etc.) use either combustion devices (gas, oil, or combined burners of different types) or different electrical heating systems (contact - conduction, flow - convection, or radiation - induction).

Given the current state of the oil, natural gas and coal market, and at the same time with regard to environmental protection requirements, it is clear that industrial facilities with minimal heat losses and an electric heating system will still have a higher priority on the market.

In combustion heating systems, losses occur during the combustion process itself, when a significant part of the heat leaves with the flue gases from the system unused, and other losses occur during the transmission of heat through the reactor surface and during the heating of the transport devices inside the reactor (snacks, spindles, bearings and others depending on the type and reactor design).

The aim of the invention is to eliminate or at least minimize the disadvantages of the current state of the art, in particular to reduce energy losses during the transfer of energy to the processed input raw material while maintaining or even improving the efficiency of pyrolysis of the input raw material.

The essence of the invention

The goal of the invention is achieved by a device for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis, the essence of which lies in the fact that the reactor is connected to a mixing nozzle through its inlet, which is connected through one of its inlets to the source of the input raw material and through its other inlet is connected to the outlet of the heating heat-carrying liquid, which forms a heat source, where the heat carrier liquid heater is connected to the heat carrier liquid reservoir through its inlet, through which the reactor is connected through its outlet to the hydrocyclone inlet, which is provided with a gas phase outlet, in which the blower, the condensation system and the liquid phase receiver are connected one after the other, through the hydrocyclone is further equipped with a carbon residue separator for dividing the carbon-heat-carrying fluid dispersion at the outlet of the separator, a separation device for storing pulverized carbon is assigned to the separator outlet, and the hydrocyclone is further equipped with a recirculation outlet of the heat-carrying liquid, which is connected to the inlet of the heat-carrying liquid storage tank, via the heat-carrying liquid consists of a liquid mixture of silanes and silicones.

The advantage of the device according to the invention is the flow reactor system, through which the heat-carrying medium flows, the maximum contact surface between the input raw material and the heat-carrying medium is used, the mixing and transport system in the reactor is eliminated or significantly simplified, the recirculation of the heat-carrying medium and the separation of the pyrolysis residue are made possible. , so that only the necessary minimum heat energy is extracted from the system. At the same time, the technological safety of the equipment and the safety of the operating personnel are significantly increased, because the equipment contains a minimum of moving parts and the latter can be thermally insulated very effectively from the surrounding environment.

- 1 CZ 309994 B6

The device is thus energy- and emission-inactive with respect to the surrounding environment.

The invention is particularly applicable for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis of macromolecular and polymeric organic compounds.

Clarification of the drawing

The invention is shown schematically in the drawing in the form of connection of the technological elements of the device.

An example of the implementation of the invention

The invention will be described on the example of a device for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis with a liquid heat-carrying phase, which contains a heater 1 of a heat-carrying liquid, hereinafter referred to as TNK. For example, the heater 1 in its heating space TNK is provided with internal ceramic heating elements, not shown.

The heat-carrying liquid is preferably a liquid mixture of silanes and silicones with a thermal stability of up to 700 °C, which is in the temperature range of 0 to 700 °C in a liquid state, which does not dissolve in liquid hydrocarbons or absorb them and has a minimal ability to absorb gaseous hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the heat-carrying liquid has a very low thermal expansion, a low dependence of viscosity on temperature and a high heat capacity, is acid-base neutral and does not react even at elevated temperatures with the materials from which the parts of the device according to this invention are made.

Heater 1 is its TNK inlet, here it fits through the first process feed pump 31, connected to TNK reservoir 2. For example, the tank 2 TNK is equipped with dilatation inserts to improve the parameters during the start-up of the entire system. The output of the TNK from the heater 1 is connected to the input of the second process feed pump 32, which is suitably formed by a spindle, gear or roots pump. The output of the second process feed pump 32 is connected to the first input of the mixing nozzle 5, to whose second input is connected the output of the feed pump 4, which is suitably formed by a spindle, gear or roots pump.

The metering pump 4 is connected by its input to the feed 40 of the input raw material for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis, hereinafter referred to as the input raw material. In the non-illustrated implementation example, only one process feed pump 31 or 32 is connected in the heat carrier fluid line before or after the heater 1 TNK.

The mixing nozzle 5 is adapted for mixing the input raw material with TNK and its output is connected to the reactor input 6. The mixing nozzle 5 is conveniently formed by a Pitot tube for low-viscosity input raw materials, or a pressure spray nozzle for mixing dispersions, etc. The mixing nozzle 5 is preferably installed as closest to reactor 6 in order to limit the step reaction of the input raw material in TNK outside the area of reactor 6.

In the illustrated example, reactor 6 is of the cylindrical type and is equipped with a mixing unit for mixing the mixture of input raw material and TNK. The mixing unit of the reactor 6 serves to passively mix the mixture of input raw material with TNK and to set the Reynolds number corresponding to the turbulent flow in order to achieve maximum contact between the particles of the input raw material and TNK and thus to minimize the effect of the heat transfer factor. The mixing unit is advantageously designed as removable and contains an unillustrated mixing cage made of a rod with a triangular cross-section made of the same material as the body of the reactor 6. The reactor 6 is its outlet of a mixture of raw materials and TNK connected to the inlet of hydrocyclone 7 for separating the dispersed carbon residue from the mixture of raw materials and TNK.

The hydrocyclone 7 is connected to the inlet of the blower 11 with one of its outputs for maintenance

- 2 CZ 309994 B6 of the working pressure in the system, for extracting the gaseous component from the hydrocyclone 7 and for adjusting the percentage composition of the mixed gas produced in the reactor 6.

The blower 11 is connected with its outlet to the inlet of the condensation system 8 for the condensation of the resulting gaseous component into a liquid component, which is subsequently captured by the liquid phase receiver 9, which is connected with at least one of its inlets to at least one outlet of the condensation system 8. The liquid phase receiver 9 is provided a system for measuring the level, not shown, e.g. an ultrasonic level sensor or an optical level indicator, and further it is provided with an internal pressure sensor, e.g. an electronic and/or optical manometer, it is provided with an oil drain pipe 15.

Condensing system 8 is conveniently formed by two tube condensers with water cooling with an inclination of 45°, whereby the process sides of the condenser are arranged in series connection and the plastic sides of the condenser are connected to a water cooling circuit not shown. Condensation system 8 is designed for the condensation of the liquid phase (pyro oil) and the gas phase (a mixture of C1-C8 hydrocarbons and hydrogen) and enables the liquid phase to be divided into light and heavy oil.

The hydrocyclone 7 is further equipped with a carbon residue separator 10 for separating the carbon TNK dispersion. Separator 10 is connected with its output to the input of the separation device 13, here suitable belt press or decanting centrifuges in a gas-tight design with cooling plastic to eliminate self-ignition of pulverized carbon. The outlet of the separation device 13 is equipped with a device (not shown) for storing pulverized carbon in closable containers. The hydrocyclone 7 conveniently contains a cylindrical container with a conical lower part and with a tangentially arranged inlet of the reaction mixture of the input raw material with TNK. In the lower part of the hydrocyclone 7, a separator 10 is arranged in the form of an installation in the inner space of the cyclone 7. The hydrocyclone 7 is further connected to the inlet of the tank 2 TNK via the circulation pump 14.

The system works in such a way that it is heated by the heat transfer liquid (TNK), which is transported from the reservoir 2 by the first process feed pump 31 to the heater 1, in which the TNK is heated to the operating temperature, which is determined by the physical-chemical properties of the processed raw material, i.e. the input raw materials. The input raw material is either in liquid form or is finely ground and added in the mixing nozzle 5 to the TNK with a specified operating temperature. The system for grinding and other preparation of any solid input raw material is not described here, because it is not the subject of this application. From the heater 1, the concentrated TNK is transported by the second process feed pump 32 to the mixing nozzle 5, where it is mixed with the input raw material and then the mixture is transported to the reactor 6. Since all the elements have a defined volume, due to the precise mixing of the liquid input raw material or the input dispersion raw materials to TNK, it is advisable to use a positive displacement pump with a defined chamber volume based on one revolution of the pump's action element, e.g. the volume of the spaces between the teeth, the volume between two consecutive threads of the worm or the volume defined by the Roots rotors, etc. development of the gas fraction, here a volume of approx. 60 wt.% original input raw materials, pressure increases in reactor 6, and there is no need to use a pumping device to transfer the reaction mixture of input raw materials and TNK to hydrocyclone 7. From hydrocyclone 7, the formed gas phase of the reaction is removed through the blower 11 to the condensation system 8, where it condenses and captures with receiver 9 liquid phase. In the lower part of the hydrocyclone 7, the solid phase is separated, which is discharged to the separation device 13 and stored. For example, the separated solid phase, together with parts of TNK, is discharged by the system's own pressure at periodic intervals to belt presses or decanting centrifuges in a gas-tight design with cooling plastic and stored in closable containers. Surplus TNK, including any remains of input raw material, is sucked from the lower part of the hydrocyclone 7 with the circulation pump 14 and transported to the input of tank 2 of TNK.

The invention is not limited only to the implementation described here verbatim or shown in the drawings, but is also applicable in other configurations within the scope of the specialist's professional abilities.

Claims (8)

1. Equipment for medium-temperature liquid fluid pyrolysis, especially of macromolecular and polymeric organic compounds, which contains a heat source connected to the reactor (6), which is further connected to the source of the input raw material, through which the reactor (6) is further connected to the removal of gaseous and liquid products pyrolysis, characterized by the fact that the reactor (6) is connected through its inlet to the mixing nozzle (5), which is connected through one of its inlets to the source of the input raw material and through its other inlet is connected to the outlet of the heater (1) of the heat-carrying liquid, which forms the source heat, and the heater (1) of the heat-carrying liquid is connected to the reservoir (2) of the heat-carrying liquid through its inlet, and the reactor (6) is connected through its outlet to the inlet of the hydrocyclone (7), which is equipped with a gas phase outlet, in which they are connected in series blower (11), condensing system (8) and receiver (9) of the liquid phase, with the fact that the hydrocyclone (7) is further equipped with a carbon residue separator (10) for dividing the carbon-heat-bearing liquid dispersion at the outlet of the separator (10), through the outlet the separator (10) is assigned a separation device (13) for storing pulverized carbon, and further, the hydrocyclone (7) is provided with a heat-carrying fluid recirculation outlet, which is connected to the heat-carrying liquid tank (2) inlet, whereby the heat-carrying liquid is formed by a liquid mixture of silanes and silicone. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the heater (1) of the heat-carrying liquid is equipped with internal ceramic heating bodies. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the reservoir (2) of the heat transfer fluid is equipped with dilatation inserts to improve the parameters during the start-up of the entire system. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the mixing nozzle (5) and the heater (1) of the heat-carrying liquid and/or between the heater (1) of the heat-carrying liquid and the reservoir (2) of the heat-carrying liquid, at least one process feed pump (31, 32). 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the reactor (6) contains a cylindrical vessel with a mixing insert for the mixture of input raw material and heat transfer liquid in the reactor (6). 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the hydrocyclone (7) contains a cylindrical container with a conical lower part and with a tangentially arranged inlet of the reaction mixture of the input raw material with a heat-carrying liquid, whereby a separator (10) is arranged in the lower part of the hydrocyclone (7) in form of installation of the inner space of the cyclone (7). 7. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the condensation system (8) contains a pair of water condensers connected in series with an inclination of 45° and with a division of the liquid phase into light and heavy oil. 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the container (9) of the liquid phase is provided with a level sensor and is further provided with an internal pressure sensor and an oil discharge pipe (15).