CZ300728B6 - Device for continuous and defined change in geometry of airfoil wing shape and curvature - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for continuous and defined change in geometry of airfoil wing shape and curvature comprising at least one curved shaft (1), which is mounted at its one end fixedly , but swinging, in a case (10) arranged in leading (20) and/or trailing (21) edge of the wing, whereas the other end of the shaft (1) is mounted in a driving disk (3) arranged on the facing side of the leading and/or trailing edge, which adjoins the central section of the wing, whereas the disk (3) is provided with driving bolts (7) for adjusting the disk (3) and thereby also the shaft (1) along a circle, whereas a cage (4) connected with the wing cover (12, 15, 29is fixedly arranged on the shaft (1).

Description

A device for continuous and defined change of geometry of the shape and curvature of the wing profile

Technical field 5

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously and definedly changing the geometry of the shape and curvature of the wing airfoil, in particular the wing inlet and outlet portions, which need to be changed in order to perform various maneuvers when flying aircraft of all kinds. It is the curvature of the wing profile and the change of its geometry to improve the aerodynamic properties of the airplane in various flight modes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Adjusting wing geometry is a key operation to allow proper flying. With 15 profile geometry changes, the wings are adjusted to increase buoyancy during takeoff and landing, and during flight the wing profile affects the flight characteristics of the airplane.

The aerodynamic design of the airplane is a compromise between a number of conflicting requirements. Each flight mode requires different aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane.

One of the ways to achieve the adaptability of the wing to individual flight modes is to use a variable curvature of the wing profile, especially its leading and trailing edges. In the case of a wing with invariant arrowhead, i.e. the unchanged ground plan geometry of the wing, the possibility of changing the profile shape is essentially the only option.

Known devices used to create a wing profile change at its leading edge are the use of various fixed devices such as nose flaps, Krueger flaps, leasing edge slats and the like. However, these devices create considerable discontinuity of flow around the profile, resulting in increased aerodynamic drag.

The situation is similar in the area of the trailing edge of the profile. The ailerons and flaps create, as in the previous case, a discontinuity of flow around the profile with all the resulting consequences.

FR 568605 discloses a device for adjusting the sash profile, in which a tensioning device is mounted in the casing of the sash 35, which is fixed to the sash and thereby moves such that when the upper surface moves forward, the lower surface moves backward. This creates tension in the envelope and since the envelope is firmly anchored to the skeleton in front and rear, the envelope raises or lowers the front and rear of the wing. This construction does not allow separate control of the leading and trailing edges and is completely unsuitable for the current construction.

US 1747637 discloses a device in which the structure of two carrier plates is guided over the wing, on which the wing cover is arranged. Between the plates there is a scissor mechanism of crossed carriers. As the angle between the carriers increases, the relative spacing of the plates increases, and thus the leaf volume. As the angle decreases, the plates will approach and the wing volume and hence the resistance will decrease. In this way it is possible to modify the profile of the whole wing, but without the possibility of variability at individual points of the wing.

US 1203558 discloses a device in which the wing tip is provided with a modification which allows a structure similar to a fine propeller at the wing tip and the profile of the propeller can be changed. However, this is only applicable to light aircraft, where only minor changes are required to change the behavior of the aircraft.

US 1567531 discloses a device wherein the interior of the wing is divided into segments, the rear segment being movable. By means of the lever mechanism, the end segment can be pushed out by bending the wing skin downwards and thereby adjusting the wing profile. In this way it is possible to modify the wing profile on the leading and trailing edge, again without the possibility of variability at individual points of the wing.

CZ 300728 Bo

US 2022806 discloses a device in which the structure of two carrier plates is guided over the wing, on which the wing cover is arranged. Between the plates there is a scissor mechanism of crossed carriers and at the same time a pipe is guided across the wing at the beginning and at the end of the wing. The scissor mechanism is just between these tubes and their mutual pushing results in a change in the wing profile. As the distance between the tubes increases, the wing bends and the profile increases. As the distance between the pipes decreases, the sash is leveled and the profile becomes less pronounced. In this way it is possible to modify the profile of the whole wing, but without the possibility of variability at individual points of the wing.

US 3152775 discloses a device in which a deflection mechanism is provided at the end of the wing, in which an eccentric lever control mechanism is mounted on the swinging wing. This way the profile of the whole wing can be modified, but without the possibility of variability at individual points of the wing.

WO84 / 01342 discloses a device for adjusting the profile at the corner of a wing, in which an assembly of movable support extensions of different size according to the wing end profile is arranged at the end. These extensions are operated in one movement and bend the wing tip. This way the wing profile can be changed locally, but only to a very limited extent.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for adjusting the geometry of the shape and curvature of the leaf profiles, which would allow differentiated treatment over the entire surface of the wings and even parts thereof while performing it continuously.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above-mentioned drawbacks are largely eliminated by a device for continually and definedly changing the geometry of the shape and curvature of the wings according to the invention, which comprises a curved shaft defining a curvature of the profile which is supported at one end in a fixed housing arranged in and / or a trailing edge of the sash, the other end of the shaft being received in a drive disc disposed on the upstream side of the leading and / or trailing edge adjacent the central portion of the sash, the disc being provided with driving elements for adjusting the disc and hence the shaft. there is a fixed cage on the shaft defining the geometry of the profile shape on which the wing skin rests.

In a preferred embodiment, the pins in the openings are freely displaceably disposed in the cage and, in turn, the carriers associated with the covers are displaceably displaceably disposed on the pegs.

In a preferred embodiment, the drive elements are designed as pins and are arranged on the periphery of the disc face.

In another preferred embodiment, the shafts are arranged in the assembly at the leading and / or trailing edge of the sash as coupled at least two, wherein the ends of the transfer means are arranged on the shaft journals and the control rod provided with the motor is arranged on one shaft.

In a further preferred embodiment, the transfer means are designed as adjusting rods.

In another preferred embodiment, the cage has the shape of a sector corresponding to the anticipated angular rotation of the curved shaft to relieve the structure of the device.

In another preferred embodiment, the cage is divided and openings are provided on the front walls of the segments facing each other, in which sliding pins are arranged, on which grippers connected to the upper and lower skin are slidably arranged.

In another preferred embodiment, the disks are arranged in a guide.

In another preferred embodiment, the disc is lightened.

In another preferred embodiment, the disc function has an arm forming an angle corresponding to the anticipated angular rotation.

In another preferred embodiment, the curved shaft in the disk is displaceable in the axial direction, and the transmission of the torque of the shaft rotation is provided by a longitudinal groove in the shaft in which the tongue co-operating with the groove in the disk hole is provided.

In another preferred embodiment, at least one spacer strut anchored over the pins is associated with the shaft sliding bearing in the disc, on one side in the leading region of the profile and on the other side in the profile section of the central wing section, wherein the struts are provided with a carrier .

In another preferred embodiment, the coating is fixed at fixation points on the central wing portion of the wing, the leading region of the profile being provided with a rolling roller to reduce friction between the leading and / or trailing edge and the coating.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The device will be illustrated with reference to the drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a device for the continuous and defined change of geometry of the shape and curvature of the wings according to the invention in the basic configuration; Fig. 2 shows a front view of the device of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 shows the assembly of the device of Fig. 3 in cross section, Fig. 5 shows the assembly of the device of Figs. 3 and 4 in a top view; Fig. 6 shows the assembly of Fig. 3 in a front view, Fig. 7 shows the Fig. 6 assembly in a side sectional view; Fig. 8 illustrates the assembly of Figs. 6 and 7 in a top view; Fig. 9 shows schematic views of the movement of the leading and trailing edges of the wing in such an embodiment of the device where the nose is moved in a straight line; Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention with the bent shaft being sliding in the disc; Fig. 12 shows a section through the auxiliary device for the wing; providing a defined sash depth using the device of Figs. 11, 13 is a leading or trailing edge arrangement using a continuous sash and Fig. 14 is a device according to the invention in a sash-reinforced sash 40.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a device for continuously and definedly changing the geometry of the shape and curvature of the wings according to the invention in the basic configuration and it is clear that the device shown here without the other wing parts consists of a curved shaft 1 which is on one side terminated by a pin 2 and on the other side by a drive disc 3 to change the curvature of the wing profile. A support cage 4 is provided on the shaft 1 and has a surface 5. The cage 4 is divided, in this case, into two segments, but this is not a limiting embodiment and has front walls. In the middle of the cage 4 in the distribution, guide holes 6 are provided. Here, they are shown only as an indication of their position, but will be described later. At the same time, it can be seen that the drive disc 3 is provided with two drive pins 7 for rotating the drive disc 3, which is better seen in FIG. 2 in a front view of the device. The cage 4 is reinforced so that the surface 5 of its curvature is maintained under all static and dynamic loads.

In a preferred embodiment, the cage 4 has the shape of a sector corresponding to the anticipated angular rotation of the curved shaft 1, which is relieved by the construction of the profile shape control device. It will be appreciated that the disc 3 may be designed to be lightweight in the shape of a wheel or the like.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the device of Fig. 1. It is better to see the location of the pins 7 on the disc 3. Pins

7 are arranged on the periphery of the disc surface 3.

Giant. 3 shows an assembly of the device according to the invention, in which the upper cover 12 and the lower cover 15 of the cover, which are split and interrupted on the wing nose, are schematically shown in a rest position. In this case, the system consists of two devices. Fig. 4 shows the same arrangement in cross-section and Fig. 5 shows the same arrangement from above. In addition to the covers 12, 15, it can be seen in FIGS. 3-5 that a transfer rod 8 is arranged between the disks of the adjacent devices and is located in one of the studs 7 of the disks. 4 and 5, it can be clearly seen that the disc 3 is arranged in the guide 17. In addition, the arrangement of the apertures 6 mentioned above can be seen. Sliding pins 14 are disposed in these openings 14. On these pins 14, grippers 13 of the upper and lower skin 12, 15 are slidably mounted, the grippers 13 being rigidly connected to the skin 12, 15. The fastening of the coating is important because it achieves a defined profile shape and the covers are fixed against their spontaneous movement.

The ends of the grippers 13 of the upper and lower coatings ,12.15 are mounted in the cover, for example, in grooves (not shown), to allow freedom of movement thereof so as not to stress and tear the cover. There may also be a resilient connection between the carrier and the anchorage in the coating to allow trouble-free movement of the carrier from the coating.

In addition, the leading edge ball guide housing 10, which is essentially a molding in the nose of the wing with a shaped recess, can be seen here with which the second securing sleeve 11 co-operates at the location of the shaft journal 2. for guiding the control shaft pin 2.

Giant. 6 shows a system of the device according to the invention, wherein the upper coating is schematically drawn

12 and the lower skin 15 of the skin, which is split and interrupted on the wing nose, to the extent possible to change the profile geometry at the leading edge of the wing, i.e. when the device causes the greatest change in curvature and geometry of the wing profile. Fig. 7 shows the same arrangement in cross-section and Fig. 8 shows the same arrangement from above.

As a result of the rotation of the disks 3 over the rods 8 and 18 and the corresponding movement of the shaft 1, the device has been moved to the working position of the device, in this case a marginal change in curvature and profile geometry at the wing leading edge. The control shaft 1 is bent in the vertical direction, as can be seen in FIG. 7. It can be seen here how the pins 14 move freely displaceably mounted in the holes 6 and on the pins 14 the movers 13 of the covers 12, 15 move freely.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the possibilities of changing the curvature and profit geometry of the leading and trailing edges due to the operation of the device according to the invention. It can be seen that the nose of the leading edge or trailing edge can move as follows:

if the control shaft 1 is fixed in the drive disc 3, then the nose of the leading edge 20 or the end of the trailing edge 21 moves along a straight line p. This corresponds to the arrangements according to FIGS. 1 to 8.

if an arrangement is used in which the control shaft 1 is slidably mounted in the drive disc 3, as in the embodiment of FIG. 11, which will be described immediately, then the leading edge nose 20 or the end of the trailing edge 21 moves along the curve k. According to FIG. 10, movement of the nose along a circle is advantageous if the coating material is rigid, i.e. if the coating is made of sheet metal, for example. Conversely, the arrangement of FIG. 9, i.e. the movement of the nose along a straight line, is advantageous when the coating material is made of a resilient material such as polyurethane, copolyster, elastene fabrics and the like.

It can be seen from the embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 11 how this movement along the curve k is achieved. In this case, the end of the control shaft 1 on the disc 3 is not fixed, but moves in the disc in the axial direction of the shaft, but the torsional transmission is ensured by a longitudinal groove 24 in the shaft 1 in which the tongue (not shown) is seated. A corresponding groove is then provided in the disc 3. Thus, the curve is formed if the shaft 1 has a displaceable freedom relative to the disc 3, then it can move along a circle. If it does not have freedom, it moves along a straight line. This is important in terms of coating. As far as the circle is concerned, then the cover is small.

If the arrangement of FIG. 11 is used, then it is necessary to ensure a constant distance of the nose of the leading edge 20 or the end of the trailing edge 21 from the beam 16 of the central part of the wing. This can be achieved by means of the spacers 25 shown in FIG. 12. The spacers 25 are anchored over the pins 26, on the one hand in the leading region 9 of the profile and on the other hand in the profile beam 16 through the central part of the wing. The struts 25 are provided with a gripper 27 firmly connected to the coating.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment with a continuous coating, i.e., not divided on the nose of the leading edge 20 or the end of the trailing edge 21 to the upper coating 12 and the lower coating 15. In this case, it is necessary to secure the coating 29 at the fixing points 30. 9 of the profile is provided with a rolling roller 28, which ensures a reduction of friction between the nose and the coating 29.

Fig. 14 shows an arrangement with a coating reinforced with longitudinal stiffeners 31 This substantially improves the strength parameters of the wing.

Figures 7, 11 and 13 show well in detail the situation of how the pins 14 move freely25 movably mounted in the holes 6 and on the pins 14 in turn move the carriers 13 of the coating parts

12.15.

Industrial Applicability 30

The industrial application of the invention is very wide and its application on airplanes brings the following basic advantages:

- Reduction of aerodynamic drag of the wing by eliminating profile discontinuity. As a result, fuel consumption is reduced as a result of reduced airplane power requirements.

- Improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of the wing for different flight regimes resulting from the possibility to pre-define its shape and thus its aerodynamic parameters for each profile curvature.

- Increase wing lift above the levels available to date. As a result, this means a radical reduction in the take-off and landing length of the airplane (STOL characteristics). Reducing the airplane's standstill speed results in greater airplane safety and less wear on the landing gear and landing surfaces.

- Increase aircraft maneuverability by possible distinction of curvature and profile shape along the entire wing span.

- Combination of flap and aileron functions into one formation with the possibility of different curvature and shape of the trailing edge profile along the wing span.

The invention can also be applied to the tail surfaces of an airplane.

The invention is preferably applicable to other means of transport such as boats, ships, submarines and the like.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS An apparatus for continuously and definedly changing the geometry of the shape and curvature of a leaf profile, characterized in that it comprises a curved shaft (1) which is supported at one end in a fixed housing (10) arranged in the leading (20) and / or outlet (21) a wing edge, the other end of the shaft (1) being housed in a drive disc (3) disposed on the upstream side of the leading and / or trailing edge adjacent the center of the wing, the disc (3) being provided with driving elements for adjusting the disc (3) and hence the shaft (1) in a circle, the cage (4) fixed to the shaft (1) being connected to the cover (12, 15, 29). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the surface (5) of the cage (4) defines 15 defines the geometry of the sash profile and shaft curvature (1) defines the sash curvature. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that pins (14) are freely displaceably arranged in the cage (4) in the openings (6) and, on the pins (14), grippers (13) connected to the covers (12) are freely displaceable. , 15.29), Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive elements are designed as pins (7) and are arranged on the periphery of the front surface of the disc (3) and the discs (3) are arranged in the guide (17). 25 Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they are arranged in the shaft assembly (1) in the leading and / or trailing edge of the sash (1) as coupled at least two when the shafts (1) are arranged on the pins (7). a control rod (8) provided with a motor (19) is arranged on one pin (7) of the end of the adjusting rods (18). 30 Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cage (4) has the shape of a sector corresponding to the anticipated angular rotation of the curved shaft (1) to relieve the structure of the apparatus. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cage (4) is split and In the walls of the segments facing each other, openings (6) are provided in which sliding pins (14) are disposed on which grippers (13) connected to the upper and lower coatings (12, 15, 29) are slidably arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved shaft (1) is in the disk (3) 40 is displaceable in the axial direction and the torque transmission to the shaft (1) as the disk (3) is rotated is provided by a longitudinal groove (24) in the shaft (1) in which the tongue co-operates with the slot in the hole of the disk (3). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that in the sliding bearing of the shaft (1) 45 in the disc (3), at least one spacer strut (25) anchored over the studs (26) is associated with the device, on one side in the profile leading region (9) and on the other side in the profile beam (16) of the central wing; the struts (25) are provided with a gripper (27) firmly connected to the cover (29). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (12, 15, 29) is fixed in 50 fixing points (30) on the central wing section beam (16), the profile leading area (9) being provided with a rolling roller (28) to reduce the friction reduction between the leading and / or trailing edge (20, 21) and the coating (12) , 29)