CZ282360B6 - Environment-friendly fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

An ecological fuel for compression ignition engines containing 35 to 55 parts by volume of the methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of 16 to 22, mainly of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid and erucic acid of plant origin, 15 to 65 parts by volume of aliphatic n-alkenes with ten to twenty carbon atoms in the molecule, individually or their mixtures, and/or 1 to 65 parts by volume of aliphatic 1-alkenes with eight to eighteen carbon atoms in the molecule, individually or their mixtures. It preferably contains also up to 30 parts by volume of monobasic alcohol with four to six carbon atoms in the molecule or their arbitrary mixture, or it preferably contains up to 65 parts by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling from 90% to 350 degrees C, identified as the medium distillation fraction of crude oil, with a total sulphur content of at most 0.010 % by weight. This ecological fuel is fully biodegradable and is a full-value substitute for traditional mineral fuels for compression ignition engines, commonly identified as diesel oil.

Description

Ecological fuel for diesel engines

Technical field

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a new generation ecological fuel, fully replacing a hydrocarbon blend, commonly referred to as diesel fuel, for use in the propulsion of diesel engines based on biodegradable components, in particular methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, there has been a significant development in Europe and worldwide of alternative energy sources, increasingly replacing conventional fossil fuels. One of the most important activities in this direction is the research, development and production of ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin. In our climate, one of the most important raw materials for the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is rape, sunflower or corn. The main advantages of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters include fast biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, absence of aromatic and especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the flue gas, and also significantly lower flue gas smoke compared to conventional fuels. Another big advantage of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is their practically balanced carbon balance, with no overproduction of CO ₂ in the whole process from organic production of original vegetable sources of unsaturated fatty acids to burning of ecological fuel in a diesel engine. in terms of the so-called greenhouse effect. A significant advantage is also the benefit for the meaningful use of sowing areas in the production of biological raw materials for the production of ecological fuels.

In the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries, such as Germany, France, Austria and the like, methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids contained in rapeseed oil are used as the main raw material for the production of ecological fuels. The fuels used for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, however, do not yet reach such technical parameters that they can be used to a large extent as a full substitute for conventional fuels. The main disadvantages of organic fuels based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin include high specific weight, higher acid value (negatively affects fuel system components), only seasonal use due to relatively, high filtering temperature and especially reduced engine power. These disadvantages limit the current possibilities of using these ecological fuels only as fuel for agricultural technology. For example, CZ Utility Model No. 1573 discloses such a fuel mixture for internal combustion engines comprising a combination of four components - fatty acid esters, petroleum distillates boiling in the range of 150 to 390 ° C, olefins C 8 to C ₂₄ and aliphatic alcohols C 1 to C ₄ .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solution according to the invention consists in eliminating the above described disadvantages of current ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin, especially in terms of performance parameters, while maintaining all positive properties of ecological fuels, especially biodegradability, low sulfur content and favorable flue gas composition . The resulting product fully meets the Kvahte requirements for NM 22B diesel fuels according to relevant standards ¹ (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87).

- 1 GB 282360 B6

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an ecological diesel fuel comprising 35 to 55 parts by volume of unsaturated and saturated acid methyl esters having a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosan aeruka plant origin of 15 to 65 vol. parts of an aliphatic n-alkane of ten to twenty-five carbon atoms per molecule, individually or a mixture thereof, and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of eight to eighteen carbon atoms per molecule, individually or a mixture thereof. The term individually or mixtures thereof means that said aliphatic n-alkanes and / or aliphatic n-alkanes, respectively. the aliphatic 1-alkenes can be used individually or as mixtures. Mixed aliphatic n-alkanes as well as mixed aliphatic 1-alkenes are commercially available products on the domestic and foreign markets.

The organic fuel preferably further comprises up to 30 volume percent of a monohydric alcohol having four to six carbon atoms per molecule, or any mixture thereof.

The organic fuel preferably further comprises up to 65 volume percent of a saturated hydrocarbon mixture boiling from 90% to 350 ° C, referred to as a medium distillate fraction of crude oil with a total sulfur content of no more than 0.010 weight percent.

By methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin we mean a mixture of 20 organic substances, which is produced by re-esterification of vegetable oils, especially rapeseed oil, which contains, in addition to unsaturated fatty acids, also saturated acids. This mixture exhibits a specific gravity of 850 to 890 kg / m ³ , a flash point of PM 120 to 170 ° C, a viscosity of 6 to 9 mPa * s at 20 ° C, a distillation start of ASTM D86 of 250 to 330 ° C, a distillation end of 350 to 370 ° C.

Ecological diesel fuel is created by simply mixing the components in any order. Homogenization of the mixture is achieved by hydrodynamic mixing of the individual components during dosing, or by mixing the resulting mixture. The resulting product is a homogeneous clear liquid of a yellowish to reddish color, the intensity of coloring depends on the content of the individual components in the mixture. The resulting product is unrestrictedly miscible with conventional propellants for all types of diesel engines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For a more detailed explanation of the subject matter of the invention, the following table illustrates examples of several sample samples, the amounts of the individual components being given in parts by volume. ^IN

Name of the sample AND (B) C D E F G Composition of the mixture in percent by volume i jednot living s ožek: Methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin 35 40 35 35 55 35 35 Mixture of aliphatic n-alkanes C10-C20 15 Dec 0 45 36 20 May 65 0 Mixture of C ₈ -C ₁₈ aliphatic 1-alkenes 1 30 20 May 14 5 0 65 Mixture of monohydric alcohols C4-C6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 It collects medium distillates of crude oil 49 30 0 15 Dec 20 May 0 0

The following table compares the qualitative parameters of conventional fuel for NM 22B ¹ diesel engines (CSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87) with examples of design B, C and D (model samples) of ecological fuel:

-2GB 282360 B6

Name of the sample NM22B (B) C D Specific gravity at 20 ° C kg / m ³ 805-835 833.6 805.1 811.1 Cetane index (lab) min. 42 55.7 60.4 60.3 Distillation test: 15 Dec 3 3 3 distilled to 170 ° C max. distilled to 350 ° C min. 90 99 99 99 Viscosity at 20 ° C mm ² / sec 2,5-6,0 4.13 3.2 3.42 Paraffin exclusion temperature ° C max. -16 -22 -16 Pour point ° C max. -22 -24 -28 -28 Flash point PM ¹ ° C min. 56 62 62 61 Sulfur content wt. max. 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Water content% wt. max. tracks tracks tracks tracks % Content of moss, impurities% wt. max. 0.005 tracks tracks tracks Conradson. carbon, the rest 10% b. 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 % wt. max. Acid number mg KOH / g max. 0.1 0.08 0.01 0.02 Calorific value ² kJ / kg 42 500 41 621 42 341 41 935

¹ Flash point min. 56 ° C ² Informative value

From the results of the analyzes it is clear that all (exemplary) model samples fully meet the prescribed quality requirements for diesel fuel, in addition, in some parameters significantly exceeds the requirements for conventional diesel fuel NM 22B (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005) -87). These are mainly the values of sulfur content, cetane index, Conradson carbonization residue, but also the acid value and especially the freezing point. These properties predetermine 10 ecological fuel for a very wide range of industrial applications throughout the year under normal climatic conditions, ie in winter the ecological fuel is able to operate without further treatment up to about -25 ° C. In addition to improving the physicochemical properties of the fuel composition, the fuel composition of the invention provides an improvement in the emissions (CO, NO _x , soot) in the exhaust gas when operating motor vehicles as compared to conventional diesel.

Industrial applicability

Environmentally friendly fuel is intended primarily as a full-year replacement of diesel fuel

-3EN 282360 B6 damage to the environment, eg sanitary protection zones of drinking water resources, protected landscape areas and national parks, agricultural production, forestry, etc. Due to the fact that it is a full substitute for diesel fuel with significantly better composition of flue gases, especially from In terms of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides, there is a direct possibility of use for diesel engines in public transport buses, mainly in large conurbations and industrial centers.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS An organic fuel for diesel engines based on fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin, characterized in that it contains 35 to 55 parts by volume of unsaturated and saturated acid methyl esters having a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosan and erucous plant origin, 15 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic n-alkane of ten to twenty carbon atoms per molecule, individually or in a mixture thereof, and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of eight to eighteen atoms of carbon in the molecule, individually or mixtures thereof. 2. The fuel of claim 1, further comprising up to 30 parts by volume of a monohydric alcohol having four to six carbon atoms per molecule, or any mixture thereof. The organic fuel of claim 1, further comprising up to 65 parts by volume of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons boiling from 90% to 350 ° C, referred to as a medium distillate fraction of crude oil with a total sulfur content of no more than 0.010 weight percent.