CZ278165B6 - Method for destroying waste based on organic solvent - Google Patents
Method for destroying waste based on organic solvent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CZ278165B6 CZ278165B6 CS905127A CS512790A CZ278165B6 CZ 278165 B6 CZ278165 B6 CZ 278165B6 CS 905127 A CS905127 A CS 905127A CS 512790 A CS512790 A CS 512790A CZ 278165 B6 CZ278165 B6 CZ 278165B6
- Authority
- CZ
- Czechia
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- amount
- waste based
- organic solvent
- organic substances
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- -1 chloride anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Způsob likvidace odpadů na bázi organických látekWaste disposal method based on organic substances
Oblast technikyTechnical field
Vynález řeší likvidaci odpadů’na bázi organických látek, obsahujících zejména halogenderiváty a thioderiváty, ekologicky nezávadným a energeticky nenáročným postupem.The invention solves the disposal of wastes based on organic substances, containing mainly halogen derivatives and thioderivatives, in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient process.
Dosavadní stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Jsou známy způsoby likvidace organických sloučenin, obsahujících ve své molekule některý z halových prvků nebo síru, např. způsoby likvidace chlorovaných derivátů a jejich polymerů. Podstatou těchto způsobů je spalování při teplotě do 1 000 °c a dospálení plynných produktů při teplotě nad 1 400 °C. Jiným způsobem likvidace těchto sloučenin je jejich spalování v plazmových hořácích.Methods are known for disposing of organic compounds containing some of the halogen or sulfur elements in their molecule, for example methods for disposing of chlorinated derivatives and their polymers. The essence of these processes is combustion at a temperature of up to 1000 ° C and the agglomeration of gaseous products at a temperature above 1,400 ° C. Another way to dispose of these compounds is to burn them in plasma torches.
Nevýhodou výše uvedených způsobů je používání vysokých teplot a nutnost používat řízenou atmosféru. Tyto postupy jsou energeticky náročné a vyžadují dodatečné odstraňování toxických sloučenin ze spalin, které je technologicky obtížné.The disadvantages of the above methods are the use of high temperatures and the need to use a controlled atmosphere. These processes are energy intensive and require additional removal of toxic compounds from the flue gas, which is technologically difficult.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Uvedené nevýhody řeší způsob likvidace odpadů na bázi organických látek dle vynálezu, jehož podstatou je, že k alkalickému hydroxidu se přidává odpad na bázi organických látek v množství od 1 do 90 hmotnostních procent, vztaženo k celkovému množství směsi, a vytvořená směs se tepelně zpracovává při teplotě od 300 ’C do 1 000 ’C po dobu od 1 do 20 hod. Alternativně se ke směsi dále přidává uhlí v množství od 1 do 99 hmotnostních procent, vztaženo k množství původní směsi.These disadvantages are solved by the organic waste disposal method according to the invention, which comprises adding to the alkaline hydroxide organic waste in an amount of from 1 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the mixture, and the resulting mixture is heat treated Alternatively, coal is added to the mixture in an amount of from 1 to 99 weight percent based on the amount of the original mixture.
Výhodou způsobu dle vynálezu je, že postup je energeticky nenáročný, alkalický hydroxid lze recyklovat, vzniklé reakční produkty nejsou ekologicky závadné a některé z nich jsou cennými surovinami. Použití uhlí jako přísady do reagující směsi je výhodné pro snazší řízení průběhu reakce.An advantage of the process according to the invention is that the process is energy-efficient, the alkali hydroxide can be recycled, the reaction products formed are not environmentally harmful and some of them are valuable raw materials. The use of coal as an additive in the reacting mixture is advantageous for easier control of the course of the reaction.
Příklad provedení vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Pro bližší vysvětlení způsobu podle vynálezu je dále uveden příklad rozkladu odpadu z plastické hmoty na bázi polyvinylchloridu.To further explain the method of the invention, an example of the decomposition of polyvinyl chloride based plastic waste is given below.
Směs 0,1 kg plastu, 0,9 kg hnědého uhlí a 10 kg hydroxidu sodného, byla za stáj \?.o míchání zahřívána po dobu 2 hodin na teplotě 380 °C. Při reakcích se uplatnil hydroxidový aniont jako velmi silné nukleofilní činidlo. V první fázi došlo k vytěsnění atomů chlóru ze sloučeniny ve formě chloridových aniontů, které okamžitě reagovaly s kationty sodíku za vzniku chloridu sodného, který je za podmínek reakce velmi málo rozpustný. Tím dochází k výraznému posunu rovnovážné reakce ve prospěch žádaných produktů. Vznikající hydroxiderivát byl dále dehydratován za vzniku nenasycených sloučenin, které se dále rozkládaly za vzniku neškod ných produktů. Hlavními produkty reakcí byly hnědouhelný koks s obsahem 75 % hmotnostních uhlíku a s obsahem chlóru pod 0,05 hmotnostních procent, a dále plynný vodík s příměsí dehtů, které po ochlazeni zkondenzovaly. V průběhu reakce nedošlo ke tvorbě toxických sloučenin typu dioxinů á furanu vzhledem k tomu, že jejich stabilita je za podmínek reakce minimální.A mixture of 0.1 kg of plastic, 0.9 kg of brown coal and 10 kg of sodium hydroxide was heated to 380 ° C for 2 hours with stirring. In the reactions, the hydroxide anion was used as a very strong nucleophilic agent. In the first phase, the chlorine atoms were displaced from the compound in the form of chloride anions, which immediately reacted with sodium cations to form sodium chloride, which is very poorly soluble under the reaction conditions. This significantly shifts the equilibrium reaction in favor of the desired products. The resulting hydroxy derivative was further dehydrated to give unsaturated compounds which further decomposed to produce harmless products. The main products of the reactions were brown coal coke containing 75% by weight carbon and having a chlorine content below 0.05% by weight, as well as hydrogen gas mixed with tars, which condensed after cooling. There was no formation of toxic compounds like dioxins and furan during the reaction, since their stability under the reaction conditions is minimal.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS905127A CZ278165B6 (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1990-10-22 | Method for destroying waste based on organic solvent |
| SK512790A SK277708B6 (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1990-10-22 | Process of liquidation of wastes based on organic substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS905127A CZ278165B6 (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1990-10-22 | Method for destroying waste based on organic solvent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS512790A3 CS512790A3 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| CZ278165B6 true CZ278165B6 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=5395555
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS905127A CZ278165B6 (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1990-10-22 | Method for destroying waste based on organic solvent |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CZ (1) | CZ278165B6 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK277708B6 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-10-22 SK SK512790A patent/SK277708B6/en unknown
- 1990-10-22 CZ CS905127A patent/CZ278165B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS512790A3 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| SK277708B6 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| IF00 | In force as of 2000-06-30 in czech republic | ||
| MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of fee |
Effective date: 20021022 |