CZ27690U1 - Flat and space-shaped formation comprising fragile fibers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sheet-like structure comprising brittle fibers.

The technical solution also relates to a spatially shaped formation comprising brittle fibers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, a number of fibers, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, and the like, have specific mechanical properties. Their common disadvantage, however, is their high fragility, respectively. Significantly small modulus of elasticity in the direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, which makes it impossible to process these fibers without special surface treatment (eg sizing or other surface treatment) by conventional textile technologies such as knitting, weaving etc. because there is excessive stress on these fibers for tension and / or bending, which results in mechanical damage and consequently the loss of specific mechanical properties. However, surface treatment of these fibers increases the final price of the finished products as well as the technological and energy demands of their production (usually carried out at elevated temperature).

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a flat and spatially shaped structure which contains brittle fibers and which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.

The essence of the technical solution

The object of the invention is achieved by a sheet-like structure comprising brittle fibers which are embedded therein and / or at least one of the fragile fibers is part of a linear fiber formation, characterized in that the fragile fibers and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one fragile fiber they are part of a surface warp which is secured to at least one of its surfaces by at least one linear structure and / or a network of surface structures bonding. The at least two brittle fibers and / or linear fiber formulations comprising at least one brittle fiber are preferably arranged closely adjacent to each other, optionally in contact with one another.

If desired, additional brittle fibers and / or linear fiber formulations containing at least one brittle fiber may be transversely deposited on the warp to achieve the desired properties, and bonded to it at least on one surface of the warp by at least one linear binder and / or web binders.

In order to prevent the brittle fiber and / or the linear fibrous formation comprising at least one brittle fiber from tearing the warp, it is preferable that the warp is fixed by at least one linear binder and / or a network of binders on each surface thereof.

At least some of the frangible fibers and / or linear fiber formulations comprising at least one frangible fiber are arranged parallel to and / or mutually parallel to each other in the planar warp.

In addition to the frangible fibers, preferably at least one reinforcing fiber and / or at least one reinforcing linear and / or planar structure is provided in the sheet to provide the desired mechanical properties and thereby protect its brittle fibers from mechanical damage.

The linear binder formations are arranged parallel to each other on the surface of the planar, in regular and / or irregular and / or regular and / or irregularly repeating spacing, and / or mutually parallel. In this case, it is advantageous if the at least one linear formation of the binder is reinforced at least over a part of its length by a deformable element.

-1 CZ 27690 Ul

The binder sheets are then arranged on at least one side of the sheet warp in regular and / or irregular and / or regular and / or irregularly repeating spacing.

The brittle fibers are glass fibers, basalt fibers and carbon fibers, wherein brittle fibers of one type (with the same or different diameters) or any combination of at least two different types of these brittle fibers (with the same or different diameters) can be used within a single sheet.

In order to achieve the desired mechanical properties, the sheet according to the invention comprises at least two superimposed planar sheets comprising brittle fibers and / or linear fibrous formations comprising at least one brittle fiber which are joined by at least one linear binder formation and / or network of binder sheets. The at least two planar warps are arranged parallel to each other or parallel to each other.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a spatially shaped brittle fiber-containing structure according to the technical solution, which is formed by spatially shaping a brittle fiber-containing sheet structure according to the technical solution.

Clarification of drawings

In the accompanying drawings, FIG. 1a schematically shows a variant of a sheet according to the invention with parallel arranged brittle fibers, FIG. 1b shows another variant of a sheet according to the invention, and FIG. 1c shows a variant of a sheet according to the invention with differently arranged brittle fibers. FIG. 1d shows a variant of a planar structure according to the invention with brittle fibers arranged in a regular grid, and FIG.

Examples of technical solutions

The sheet according to the invention (see FIGS. 1a to 1d) comprises a warp 1 comprising brittle fibers 2 (one or more types and / or diameters) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (e.g. which is fixed by at least one linear binder formation 3 deposited on at least one surface of the warp 1 and / or by a network of planar formations 4 binder deposited on at least one side of the warp 1. At least some brittle fibers 2 are contemplated according to the application. and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one frangible fiber 2 in the warp and arranged parallel to each other at equal pitches (see, e.g., FIG. 1a, FIG. 1b, FIG. 1d), parallel to each other at different pitches (optionally at regular or irregularly spaced). repeated spacing - see eg Fig. lb), mutually parallel (see eg Fig. 1c), eventually otherwise. The at least two brittle fibers 2 and / or the linear fiber formulations comprising the at least one brittle fiber 2 are preferably arranged close to each other, possibly in contact with one another. In a specific embodiment, the other brittle fibers 2 and / or the linear fibrous formations comprising the at least one brittle fiber 2 are laid transversely on the planar warp I and are bonded to it at least on its surface by at least one linear binder 3 and / or binders (see, e.g., FIG. 1d).

The linear binder formations 3 may be arranged on the surface of the warp 1 parallel to each other, at regular and / or irregular and / or regular and / or irregularly repeating spacing (see, e.g., Figs. 1a, 1b and 1d) and / or mutually parallel ( see, e.g., Fig. 1c). The sheet binders 4 may then be arranged in regular (see, for example, FIG. 1d) and / or irregular and / or regular and / or irregularly repeating spacing.

The spatially shaped formation according to the invention (see, for example, FIG. 1e) comprises an analogous spatially shaped warp 1 which is fixed on at least one surface by at least one linear formation 3 binder and / or at least one spatially shaped formation 31 binder and / or 4 binders. By the stiffness of this spatially shaped binder and / or the web of binders 4, and / or, for example, by joining at least one linear binder formation 3 and / or the spatially shaped binder 31 and / or part of the web

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Binding to another linear binder formation 3 and / or spatially shaped binder formation 31 and / or to another part of the same spatially shaped binder formation 31 and / or to another part of the network of planar formations 4 connects preferably also the spatial shape of this binder. curriculum I.

If desired, at least one reinforcing fiber (textile or non-textile nature) and / or at least one reinforcing linear (or spatially shaped) reinforcement (textile or non-textile nature) may be included in the planar and spatially shaped warp i, one reinforcing sheet (possibly spatially shaped) formation (of textile or non-textile nature), which provides the resulting formation with eg sufficient rigidity. This protects its brittle fibers 2 from excessive deformation and mechanical damage, and / or provides other specific properties to this formation, or forms part of a flat or spatially shaped formation intended for its attachment to another formation, surface, etc. Preferred reinforcing fibers are e.g. and / or polyamide fibers, and the like.

In order to prevent the brittle fiber 2 and / or the linear fibrous formation comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 from being formed from the formed sheet or spatial formation, it is advantageous for the sheet or spatially shaped warp 1 to be fixed by at least one linear formation 3 by binder resp. at least one spatially shaped binder formation 31 and / or a network of planar formations 4 binder on each surface thereof. The binder or different binder formations 3, 31, 4 are applied to both surfaces of the planar or spatially shaped warp 1 either in the mirror arrangement, so that they overlap or are applied to each surface in a different planar arrangement.

Fragile fibers 2 are in particular glass fibers, basalt fibers and carbon fibers, wherein brittle fibers 2 of one type (with the same or different diameters) or any combination of at least two different types of these fragile fibers 2 ( with the same or different diameters).

A linear fiber formation comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 is understood to be a reinforced or unpaved linear fiber formation comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 described above in combination with other standard fibers, multiple brittle fibers 2 (one or more types and / or diameters), or wholly consisting of brittle fibers 2 (one or more types and / or diameters).

Suitable binders for forming the linear binder (s) 3 and / or the spatially shaped binder (s) 31 and / or the binder (s) 4 are, for example, a fusible binder based on amorphous polyolefin, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, and the like.

In order to achieve the desired mechanical properties, the sheet according to the invention comprises at least two planar warps 1 comprising frangible fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one frangible fiber 2 which are connected by at least one linear binder 3 and / or network formations 4 binders. The at least two surface warps 1 can be arranged parallel to each other or parallel to each other at any angle. By folding two or more surface warps 1, virtually any spatial formation comprising brittle fibers 2 can then be formed.

The sheet containing the brittle fibers 2 and / or the linear fibrous formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 according to the invention is then prepared by first manually or mechanically forming a warp 1 containing the brittle fibers 2 (one or more) a plurality of types and / or diameters) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 and, if necessary, at least one reinforcing fiber and / or a reinforcing linear and / or planar structure. The at least one surface of the warp I thus formed is then applied with at least one linear formation 3 and / or a sheet formation 4 formed by a predetermined amount of molten binder which covers a preselected number of brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fibrous formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (and optionally reinforcing fibers and / or at least a portion of at least one reinforcing linear formation and / or sheet formation), and

-3GB 27690 Ul of free spaces 5 between them, respectively. This linear formation 3 is preferably applied perpendicularly or almost perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of most of the frangible fibers 2 and / or of the linear fibrous formations comprising at least one frangible fiber 2, but in general it can be applied below substantially at any angle to them. Depending on the nature of the brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (and optionally also the reinforcing fibers and / or the reinforcing linear and / or planar formations), the molten binder penetrates at least a portion of their internal structure and / or envelops at least a portion of their cross-section, after which they are fixed in the set configuration upon their setting.

Due to their mechanical properties, the binder / formations 3, 4 form a rigid, durable and at the same time flexible bonding and reinforcing system which maintains the desired warp shape I and the distribution of the brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2. (and optionally also reinforcing fibers and / or reinforcing linear and / or planar formations), while protecting it from at least the side on which it is applied, from mechanical damage, eg abrasion. In this process, there is substantially no mechanical stress on the brittle fibers 2, and therefore no undesirable change in the relative position of the brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations containing at least one brittle fiber 2, or their mechanical damage or deformation.

The at least one linear binder formation 3 is preferably deposited over the entire dimension of the warp I (see upper part of Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. 1c), but sufficient interconnection of the brittle fibers 2 and / or the linear fibrous formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 it is also possible to achieve a group of linear binder formations 3, each of which is located only in part of its dimension (see, for example, the lower part of Fig. 1). The different binder formations 3, 4 can be combined as desired (see, for example, FIG. 1d), for example, to achieve the same or different strength in different parts of the sheet.

For the continuous or near-continuous production of a sheet containing brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2, it is advantageous if the individual components of its warp are also wound on warp rolls (not shown) or stored in a magazine from where they are taken and are guided into their desired relative position by their conduction, optionally if all or at least some of the brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 are wound on one common roll. During application of the molten binder, the warp I (which optionally also comprises reinforcing fibers and / or reinforcing linear and / or planar formations) is preferably deposited on a substrate of a material to which the binder applied has the lowest adhesion, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon). or other material with such a surface, silicone papim, etc. The substrate is either static and the warp is moving relative to it, or, for example, in the form of a roll or an endless belt, moves with it, or bears directly. The melting binder (one or more) is either static or movable in at least one warp direction. The molten binder is then applied either during the movement of the warp and / or when it is interrupted.

In another variation, further brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (and optionally reinforcing fibers and / or reinforcing linear and / or planar formations) are laid transversely to the warp I (see, e.g., Fig. 1d) , and by applying a linear formation 3 and / or planar formations 4 of the molten binder, they are fixed to its surface. The binder sheets 4 can only overlap the intersection or contact points of two or more brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (and optionally reinforcing fibers and / or reinforcing linear and / or planar formations) so that they form a point 1d), and / or at least some of them may be linear, extending over at least a portion of one dimension of the warp (see, e.g., FIGS. 1a to 1d). The brittle fibers 2 and / or the linear fiber formulations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 can be arranged in only one direction of the grid thus formed in a variant of the embodiment (not shown).

-4EN 27690 Ul

In order to achieve the desired mechanical properties of the formed sheet, in any variant on at least one surface thereof, linear formations 3 and / or sheet formations 4 of one or more binders may be combined with different properties (eg different melting points, solidification rates, etc.).

In all of the above-described variations, the solidification of the applied binder is either spontaneous or controlled, eg accelerated by cooling in a cooling chamber and / or a cooling medium, eg a cooling gas (air) stream, and the like.

For faster and / or deeper penetration of the molten binder between side-by-side frangible fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one frangible fiber 2 and / or into the internal structure of these linear fiber formations (and optionally into the internal structure of the reinforcing linear formations and / or reinforcing planar formations), the binder formations 3, 4 may be subjected to increased pressure upon application and / or after application thereof.

In order to prevent the brittle fiber 2 and / or the linear fiber formation containing at least one brittle fiber 2 from being formed, it is further advantageous if the warp 1 is fixed by at least one linear binder 3 and / or by a network of sheets 4 binder on each of its These structures are applied to the surfaces of the warp 1 either in a mirror arrangement so that they overlap or on each side thereof in a different planar configuration.

The above-described sheet-like structure comprising brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 may further be spatially shaped in any of its variants, eg by at least one folding and / or folding thereof into the desired shape and / or by winding, or otherwise, so as not to undesirably damage its brittle fibers 2, thereby forming a spatially shaped formation. The spatial shape of this formation is thereby ensured either by the stiffness of the linear formation 3 and / or the network of the binder 4, and / or, for example, by connecting at least one linear formation 3 and / or at least one binder 31 and / or part of the network 4 binders with another linear formation 3 and / or a spatially shaped binder formation 31 and / or another part of the same spatially shaped binder formation 31 and / or with another part of the network of planar formations 4 binder.

In another variation of manufacturing a spatially shaped formation comprising brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fibrous formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 according to the invention, the formation is prepared by fixing a pre-spatially shaped warp 1 comprising brittle fibers 2 and / or at least two linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 (and optionally at least one reinforcing fiber and / or a reinforcing linear and / or planar formation) embedded in the form or composition to be provided therein, at least one linear binder formation 3 which is spatially shaped thereon, and / or by a network of planar formations 4 binders.

In any variation, at least one of the spatially shaped binder formations or at least one of the linear binder formations 3 may be reinforced with a flexible or non-elastic material at least over a portion of their length. a mouldable element, such as a metal wire, or the like, which is embedded in its structure and which aids in possible spatial shaping.

The following examples then describe several exemplary variations of planar formulations comprising brittle fibers 2 according to the invention. For any other materials, respectively. In the case of the material combinations, the whole process proceeds analogously, only with a possible difference in the type, amount and temperature of the binder (s) to be applied and the properties of the resulting product.

Example 1

By parallel arrangement of glass fibers 2 with a diameter of 0.4 mm (namely multifilament

A warp I was formed at regular 10 mm intervals. On one side of the filament 2, linear formations 3 of molten binder based on amorphous polyolefin (specifically SWIFTTHERM 9054) at a temperature of 200 mm were applied across 25 mm across the entire width. ° C, each of 2.5 g / m.

-5EN 27690 Ul

After spontaneously cooling the molten binder to ambient temperature, it solidified and, as a result, the warp was also fixed in the set configuration, and the desired sheet formation was formed.

Example 2

On the side of the sheet formed in Example 1 with the linear binder formations 3 applied, a second sheet 1 consisting of the same glass fibers 2 oriented in the same direction and with the same spacing as the glass fibers 2 of the first sheet 1 was deposited. applied linear spheres 3 of the same molten binder at a temperature of 190 ° C at the same pitch as in Example 1 (this temperature was chosen to limit the melting of the linear formations 3 of the first warp i), each of 2.5 g / m.

After the spontaneous cooling of the molten binder to ambient temperature, it solidified and as a result fixation to the second planar and its connection to the first planar i. The distance between the fibers 2 of both planar i was determined mainly by the thickness of linear formations 3 on the first warp i, and in the example was about 3 mm.

In further exemplary embodiments, the fibers 2 of the second warp I can be rotated at any angle relative to the fibers 2 of the first warp I.

Example 3

Parallel arrangement of basalt fibers 2 with a fineness of 3x10tex (folded multifilament with a diameter of 0.6 mm) at regular intervals of 2 mm and fibers of polyamide 6 (PA 6) with a fineness of 50 tex (multifilament with a diameter of 0.25 mm) arranged at 20 mm intervals. A warp 1 was formed along the respective basalt fibers 2. On one side thereof, linear formations 3 of molten binder based on amorphous polyolefins (specifically SWIFTTHERM 9054) at a temperature of 165 ° were applied perpendicular to these fibers 2 over its entire width. C, each weighing 1.5 g / m.

After spontaneously cooling the molten binder to ambient temperature, it solidified and, as a result, warp fixations even in the set configuration, and the desired sheet formation was formed.

The fibers of the polyamide 6 have the function of reinforcing fibers.

Example 4

By parallel arrangement of carbon fibers 2 with a fineness of 170 tex (multifilament with a diameter of 0.5 mm) at regular 2 mm intervals, a warp 1 having a total width of 500 mm was formed. On one hand, linear shapes 3 of molten binder based on amorphous polyolefins (specifically SWIFTTHERM 9054) at a temperature of 165 ° C, each having a density of 1.5 g / m, were deposited perpendicular to these fibers 2 over its entire width.

After spontaneously cooling the molten binder to ambient temperature, it solidified and, as a result, the warp threads 2 were fixed in the set configuration, and the desired sheet formation was formed.

The flat and spatially shaped structure according to the technical solution is used, for example, in the building industry as reinforcement and reinforcement of masonry or layers of masonry material (eg plaster), or as a non-combustible insulating material. Another possibility of its use is its insertion as one or more layers into existing composite materials used in mechanical engineering, aerospace and other areas where sandwich, laminated textile formations are used, etc. For some applications it can be created as multilayer, where it contains other fragile fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2 disposed on the warp 1, in the same configuration as the brittle fibers 2 or linear fiber formations of the warp 1, or at any angle to them, or two or more warps ( equal or different amounts and / or

27690 U1 by type and / or dimensions of brittle fibers 2 and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber 2).

Claims (12)

A sheet comprising fragile fibers (2) embedded therein and / or at least one fragile fiber (2) being part of a linear fiber formation, characterized in that the fragile fibers (2) and / or the linear fiber formations comprising the at least one brittle fiber (2) is part of a sheet (1) which is fixed on at least one surface by at least one linear structure (3) and / or by a network of sheet (4) binders. The sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two brittle fibers (2) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber (2) are arranged adjacent to each other. The sheet formation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two brittle fibers (2) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber (2) are arranged in contact with each other. A sheet according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, characterized in that the brittle fibers (2) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber (2) are laid transversely to the planar warp (1) and at least one surface of the warp (1) is connected to it with at least one linear binder (3) and / or a network of binders (4). A sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sheet (1) is fixed by at least one linear binder (3) and / or by a network of sheet (4) binders on each surface thereof. Sheet formation according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that at least one reinforcing fiber and / or at least one reinforcing linear and / or sheet formation is included in the sheet (1). A planar formation according to any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one linear formation (3) is bonded at least over a part of its length by a deformable element. A sheet according to any one of claims 1, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that it comprises at least two superposed planar warps (1) comprising brittle fibers (2) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one brittle fiber (2). 2) which are connected by at least one linear binder formation (3) and / or by a network of planar formations (4) binder. The planar structure according to claim 8, characterized in that at least two planar warps (1) are arranged parallel to one another. The planar structure according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the at least two planar warps (1) are arranged differently from one another. A sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 8, characterized in that the brittle fibers (2) are fibers of the group of glass fibers, basalt fibers and carbon fibers. -7EN 27690 Ul A spatially shaped formation comprising frangible fibers (2) embedded therein and / or at least one frangible fiber (2) being part of a linear fiber formation, characterized in that the frangible fibers (2) and / or linear fiber formations comprising at least one frangible fiber (2) being part of a spatially shaped warp (1) which is at least at least one of the two 5 is secured to one of its surfaces by at least one spatially shaped formation (3) and / or by a network of planar formations (4) with binders.